Element of the Day ­ S
Type: Nonmetal
Sulfur or sulphur (sulfәr) is the chemical element with atomic number 16, represented by the symbol S. At normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid. In nature, sulfur can be found as the pure element and as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their brightly colored polyhedron shapes. Sulfer was needed to make the best quality of black gunpowder. Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfurcontaining contaminants from natural gas and petroleum. The element's commercial uses are primarily in fertilizers, because of the relatively high requirement of plants for it, and in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, a primary
industrial chemical. Many sulfur compounds are odiferous (smell terrible), and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to sulfur compounds.
Question:
What properties does elemental sulfur have?
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Chemistry
1. Element of the Day ­10
2. Review Homework KMT ­10
3. Clickers ­5
4. Kinetic Molecular Theory Notes ­20
5. Lab Activity
Announcements:
A. Homework Due Today: Kinetic Molecular Theory POGIL
B. Homework Due Monday: Read pages 66 to 67 and
answer questions 37 to 40 on page 76 and lab.
C. QUIZ MONDAY
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Kinetic Molecular Theory POGIL
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Clickers
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Period 1
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Period 3
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Kinetic Molecular Theory
To understand the properties of various solids,
liquids, and gases, we need to understand kinetic molecular theory.
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Notes: Matter, Energy, Temperature, and Heat
Matter occupies space and has a mass. Matter includes the stars, air,
gasoline, you, etc. Matter can be classified as a solid, liquid, or gas. The
state of a given sample of matter depends on forces between particles
within it. The stronger the forces, the more rigid the matter.
Energy: is the capacity to do work. Forms of energy include kinetic and
potential.
Temperature: is related of how fast molecules move or
their kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of a gas molecule can be defined as KE = 1/2mv2, where
m is mass and v is velocity.
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Practice Problem...
A bike and bicyclist have mass of 92 kg is traveling at 20. miles per hour (8.9m/s). 9
Heat a flow of energy due to a temperature difference. Heat can be
gained or lost in a reaction.
Exothermic: Heat is produced and emitted to the environment.
Example
Endothermic: Process that absorbs heat.
Example
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Gas Liquid
Solid
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Kinetic Molecular
Theory
The kinetic molecular theory is a model or a mental image of how particles of matter behave. Knowledge of the kinetic molecular theory allows us to predict the action of solids, liquids and gases and understand how the changes of state occur.
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Postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. Gases consist of tiny particles (atoms or molecules).
2. These particles are so small compared with the distances between
them that the volume (size) of the individual particles can be assumed to
negligible (zero).
3. Particles are in constant random motion, colliding with the walls of the
container. These collisions with the walls cause the pressure exerted by
the gas.
4. The particles are assumed not to attract or repel each other.
5. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is directly proportional
to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.
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Which of the following has the most kinetic energy?
a. A 1000 kg car traveling at 10 m/s
b. A 2000 kg car traveling at 5 m/s
c. A 750 kg car traveling at 20 m/s
d. I have no idea!
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According to Kinetic Molecular Theory:
a. Gas particles occupy lots of volume
b. Move in a directed, nonrandom fashion. c. Gas particles are assumed not to attract or repel each other.
d. Average kinetic energy is inversely proportional to the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.
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Which one is Mr. Hart's son?
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Lab: Feelin' the Heat!
Assign new group roles
A. Leader
B. Materials Manager
C. Reader
D. Speaker
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Exit Question:
Oxygen reacts with magnesium to create magnesium oxide and heat. This reaction can be classified as which of the following?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
c. temperature
d. energy absorbing reaction
Reminders:
A. Homework Due Today: Kinetic Molecular Theory POGIL
B. Homework Due Monday: Read pages 66 to 67 and
answer questions 37 to 40 on page 76 and activity.
C. QUIZ MONDAY
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