Name:
----------------------Period: ----Date: ----
Biomolecules Worksheet
.e~8L!.:...j!.l!.l.4..11.IIY~~j!!_"lf89I!iQbf~Yj.ff_:_AII living things make large molecules, called macromolecules,
from smaller molecules. Macromolecules can be made from a few repeating units, or can be composed of
hundreds or thousands of smaller molecules. Each macromolecule has properties quite different
units of which it is composed Study the diagrams below, which show carbohydrate
from the
molecules. Beside each
molecule, write whether it is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide.
'-
CH,OH
H0.' O"H
t
H.
OH
I
I
H
OH
H
f
H
H
'\'
H
I
I
OHI
:-W~,O"
OH
HO
Glucose
subunit
H
Fructose
subunit
"0
0'"
H
OH
H
Glucose
subunit
OH
H
Glucose
subunit
Up to 1000
~ ••ormore
monomers
OH
Glucose
subunit
4. What is the function of #1 in our bodies? (-
elARf't,.Y-----------
V~v;~s
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
.e~8Lg!...Jlt;.ti8ff_Qf.§~]J!.8~T£OJY:...Each
of the following structural formulas shows a fatty acid
molecule. On the line, identify the fatty acid as saturated,
1. Define a saturated
o..ll
S ~"l~
fatty acid. Provide one example of a saturated
b:LJw~
~
(:lo Let ~
d leo-s h
C CLf-to
()./\.
c. ~
0 r:
an ~~
fatty acid. Provide one exa pie of an unsaturated
C)
Y)
l -9uJ
.
e
(\AV
1-1-.~lL h()(\
l V\
fvt
D.5
t-
fatty a~d.
\0 La v'l (
(
0 I
S
"
3. Define a polyunsaturated
d.--
fatty acid.
e-a.f·-jtJOVt \
H 'A- )
/V'l CV\.
2. Define an unsaturated
HkS, I
unsaturated, or polyunsaturated
fatty acid.
jI\A..Q)
l7~. VlI1 vi
}+"
P
l b~
t'",,-
C'..
a.yh(}v\
c~/~
1
4.l)f~£l~~P£~"!Tf:!8Arl.q!Y_LEach
of the followingstructural formulas shows a fatty acid molecule. On
the line, identify the fatty acid as saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
I
I
I
I
I
I
f
I
I
I
I
Q
0
"-
I.sa~
H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
I
I
I
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
I
H
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
I
H
H
I
I
H
H
I
H
I
H
I
I
I
~c-c-c~
C - C- C V
I
I
~
H-C-C-C~
H
I
OH
H
H
I
I
~
0
I
"-
C-C-C
H
H
OH
H
Uv'l$
3.
e'A.:~J
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
e-18LJ!.ft...'t!YT!:!lf_fi:[~:~NA'tgl!Y~M-1f8eM9J.ff~Y.f.:..{fi~5tudy the diagram below and then answer the
followingquestions.
H
,
/
H
H
,
H
I
~
0
N-C-C
I
R
H
I
,
H
+
OH
R
,
/
I
I
H
.,--
~
R
~
-- -,
OJ:!.
+
N-C-C
H
0
/
0
H
I
'I
H
/
H
I
~
N-C-C
I
H
,
R
H
R
/I~
H
H
0
I
R
H
0
R
,
+-
-.-
OH
/
I
/
OH
N-C-C
H
I
H
~
0
R
~
I
N-C-C--N-C-C--N-C-C--N-C-C
I
0
/I~-=-
H
H
+ 3H20
0
2
1. What are the reactants?_---I.(2,..Q'....::M..--=..:...i
(L_()_lA.._L_i_ol_~
_
2.
3.
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
ORGANIC MOLECULES WORKSHEET
La.-/ b~
1) All organic compounds contain
CARBOHYDRATES: Answer the following questions.
1) What atoms make up carbohydrates?
2
) What is the ratio of hydrogen
-'c_~-'t-l'--'_- _ O
__
_
to oxygen atoms present in all carbohydrates?
-:J!:'
_O-'''--.;:....
.•..~l
3) What are the three types of carbohydrates?
a.
b.l
c.
<;c..~r.-Ju
~V\.V
----t
S
0
~C-L~'CJGJ
I~ SCL Cc.-k~()'_Y1'eLL ~
MONOSACCHARIDES & DISACCHARIDES: Answer the following questions.
1) What is the difference betwee
C ,\ H ~D
f""J""
\
1..
monosaccharides
,
\
0'
and disaccharides?
t1~0
~:l
2) What are the three examples of monosaccharides?
ot :~~c
(\RVi'tlt ...
10.. ~
SVc.YO
3) What are the two examples of polysaccharides?
a.
b.
c..e,t lvl~
__
1& 0\6
!}?.
C-~~ i ~
V\
3
4) Monosaccharides all have the same formula: C6H1206. How can you write this formula in
the simplest form that illustrates the proportion of elements in monosaccharides?
L 1-t2-0
DEHYDRATION & HYDROLYSIS:
Below is an example of dehydration synthesis. In dehydration synthesis, a hydrogen atom
from one molecule joins with a hydroxyl group (-OH) from another molecule to form water,
leaving two molecules bonded to the same oxygen atom. For example, when glucose and
glucose combine by dehydration synthesis, they form maltose and water.
<'
c_o
'\:/Oll
0,(
J.I
+
ll"'-C«JJ
"'-J-!/
I
11
V-)'VlHOCH2
HOCH2
1',,011
1",011
JI
(t.I"\.~sa..-+j))/\
(J(
Oil
"'-<;
0,( "'-J-~/
II
'\:/
c-o
Oil II
,fI
JJ
Oil
I
I11
011
Glucose
I
H
011
H
OH
Glucose
OH
Maltose
\
Below is an example of hydrolysis. Complex organic molecules are broken down by the
addition of the components of water - R+ and ORo.
+
Sucrose
Glucose
Fructose
water
-otVLO";.L
5) What are the products ofthe hydrolysis reaction?
6) What are the reactants
of the dehydration
synthesis reaction?
7) How are the reactions in #5 and #6 related?
r-~
--t--o
\:nl:.;;t0A£lVNf'.
+
fit
V~d'-s:.-':'
~?
~
-frJ~
f"
(,0<;'<-
e ,+-fur
W Sf:L f- poll'.~
or ~
f .
8) Look at the thL-.reactions
place?
a. How do you know?
below. Which reaction reactionts) is hydrolysis taking
(
l-\ '2-(;)
O-t?
.,f
I~
9) Look at the three reactions below. Which reactionts) is dehydration
pl (ice in?
ft
cJ.y
R~ How d~
y~u know?
1-+ 2- 0 l\ C\
rtJ
c:
-r~
.
P
:t
synthesis
taking
4
A
Glucose
~~.~
~
HOk-0", ~
K ~H
=
Glucose
+
H)l
OH
H
H
OH
Maltose
+
Water
+
Water
OH--...
H~H
OH
H
Galactose
B
CH20H
Lactose
0
HCH~.OH
H
HO OH H
~
H
OH
c
=
Glucose
+
CH20H 0
H.
0
H
OH
HO
~
CH20H
10) What are polysaccharides?
+
.
Water
p!\Du-.
11) What substance would the repeating
2~H O~
OH
H
H
HO
H
OH
OH
H
~
H
Sucrose
fO
y
=
Glucose
S¥v-s
+
C~OH
Fructose
bv,,'/
J",,~
wait that makes up glycogen? ~Cl
LO
V-
.
DrrectlOns: Write each name orformula under the correct heading in the charts below. Use these items:
Sup:ose
Maltose
Starch
~e,
Fructose.
C12H220n
Cellulose
Glycogen
~06
Lactose
Galactose
MOD osaccharide
Disaccharide
5.
I.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
G-IJc..o ~
FyJu/-c~
::fOj.~<;L
c; /{2-0&
Polysaccharide
9.
S~C'"
10.
u)/Jlo~
II.
~{yco~
5
,
J
Direction: Answer thefollowing questions.
1. List the 3 types of carbohydrates.
SV'f"-,--r-~
a.
b.
---------
~~-c~
u_Jlulo~
c.'
2. What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide and a polysaccharide?
-# e-\ ,--SJ~
.
3. What is the following reaction s owing? Maltose + water ~ Glucose
___
---'---'-hy
a. What are the reactants?
+ Glucose
IV s i~s
~l bs.e..< H 2 "0
4. What is the following reaction showing?
water
5. What elements make up all carbohydrates?
Glucose
+ Glucose ~ Maltose +
__H_----=O===---G
_
6. What are some foods that contain carbohydrates? _----!.~--==::;.....:..."-~=y-+-t./'-----b=_:...~--=.::.._=__.;_,,--________
~
oc;<;h
f'
I
~
-+n~UL=--f_i -=-----r--'=t!""Wk r~, '" {.JL
J
I
V
.
/
6