Readings List
The readings list is a list of textbooks, books, and/or scholarly journal articles that are
recommended for graduate students. While it is not realistic to expect that students will read all
of the items, the items do represent a collection of materials that a criminal justice graduate
student would benefit from reading and would prove highly useful.
Note: The references on this list do not incorporate full APA formatting. If you use an item from
this list and reference it in a paper or project, make sure that you format the reference using
APA.
Crime and Justice General Readings
Becarria, C. (1963). On Crimes and Punishment. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
Bentham, J. (1948). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Edited with an
introduction by Laurence J. Lafleur. New York: Hafner Publishing.
Durkheim, E. (1986). “On crime and punishment”, and “Two laws of penal evolution” in Steve
Lukes, and Andrew Scull. Durkheim and the Law. Blackwell, 59-75, 102-132.
Walker, S. (1993). Taming the System. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, J. Q. & Petersilia, J. (2002). Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control. Oakland, CA:
Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.
Models of Justice
Beccaria, C. (1963). On Crime and Punishment. (H. Paoluci, translated). NY: Macmillian (The
original manuscript was published in 1764).
Bernard, T.J. & Engel, R.S. (2001). Conceptualizing criminal justice theory. Justice Quarterly,
18, 1-30.
Braithwaite, J. (2002). Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Levrant, S., Cullen, F.T., Fulton, B. & Wozniak, J.F. (1999). Reconsidering restorative justice:
The corruption of benevolence revisited? Crime and Delinquency, 45, 3-27.
Tyler, T.R. (1990). Why People Obey the Law. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Von Hirsch, A. (1992). Proportionality in the philosophy of punishment. In M. Tonry (Ed.),
Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Theories of Crime
Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency.
Criminology, 30, 47-87.
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Akers, R.L. 1996. Is differential association/social learning cultural deviance theory?
Criminology, 34, 229-247.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bursik, R. J., Jr. (1988). Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: problems
and prospects. Criminology, 26, 519-552.
Cohen, A. K. (1955). Delinquent Boys. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Farrington, D. (1977). The effects of public labeling. British Journal of Criminology, 17, 112125.
Gottfredson, M. R. & Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hoffman, J. (2003). A contextual analysis of differential association, social control, and strain
theories of delinquency. Social Forces, 81: 753-785.
Laub, J. H. & Sampson, R. J. (2003). Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3, 672-682.
Moffitt, T. E. (1997). Adolescent-limited and life-course persistent offending: A complementary
pair of developmental theories. Advances in Criminological Theory, 7, 11-54.
Pratt, T. C. (2008). Rational choice theory, crime control policy, and criminological relevance.
Criminology & Public Policy, 7 (1), 43-52.
Laub, J. H. & Sampson, R. J. (1993). Turning points in the life course: Why change matters to
the study of crime. Criminology 31, 301-25.
Sutherland, E., Cressey, D. & Luckenbill, D. (1990). Principles of Criminology (11th ed.).
Philadelphia: Lippencott.
Policing
General readings:
Jacobs, R. & Bayens, G. (2001). Campus crime data: The need to collect simple assault statistics.
Campus Law Enforcement Journal, 13(4), 23-27.
Johnson, R. R. (1996). Military resources for police. Law and Order, 44(11), 79-81.
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Knowles, T., Lane J. & Bayens, G. (2005). Defining Law Enforcement’s Role in Protecting
American Agriculture from Agroterrorism. Washington, D.C. NCJ 212280.
Wilson, J.Q. (1968). Varieties of Police Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Effects of Police:
Johnson, R. R. (2005). Police uniform color and citizen impression formation. Journal of Police
and Criminal Psychology, 21(2), 58-66.
Johnson, R. R. (2004). Citizen expectations of police traffic stop behaviors. Policing: An
International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 27(4), 487-497.
Johnson, R. R. (2001). The psychological influence of the police uniform. FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin, 70(3), 27-32.
Kelling, G. L., Pate, T., Dieckman, D. & Brown, C. E. (1974). The Kansas City Preventive
Patrol Experiment: A Summary Report. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
Knowles, T., Bayens, J. & Bayens, G. (2006). Best Practices in the Prevention of Agroterrorism:
A Descriptive Study of the Readiness of Nine Beef-Producing States. NCJ.
Marvell, T.B. & Moody, C.E. (1996). Specification problems, police levels, and crime rates.
Criminology, 34(4), 609-646.
Sampson, R. & Cohen, J. (1988). Deterrent effects of police on crime: A replication and
theoretical extension. Law and Society Review, 22, 163-189.
Sherman, L.W. & Rogan, D. P. (1995). Effects of gun seizures on gun violence: “Hot spot”
patrol in Kansas City. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 673-694.
Wilson, J. Q. & Boland, B. (1978). The effect of police on crime. Law and Society Review, 12,
367-390.
Police Discretion:
Klinger, D. A. (1994). Demeanor or crime? Why “hostile” citizens are more likely to be arrested.
Criminology, 32(2), 475-493.
Lundman, R. J. (1994). Demeanor or crime? The Midwest city police-citizen encounters study.
Criminology, 32(4), 631-656.
Mastrofski, S. D., Snipes, J.B. & Supina, A.E. (1996). Compliance on demand: The public’s
response to specific police requests. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33(3), 269305.
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Mastrofski, S. D., Snipes, J.B., Parks, R.B. & et. el. (2000). The helping hand of the law: Police
control of citizens on request. Criminology, 38(2), 307-342.
Smith, D. A. (1984). The organizational context of legal control. Criminology, 22(1), 19-38.
Worden, R. E. (1989). Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical
reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law and Society Review, 23(4), 667-711.
COP/POP:
Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D. L., Waring, E. J., Mazerolle, L. G., Spelman, W. & Gajewski, F.
(1999). Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment.
Criminology, 37 (3), 541-580.
Eck, J.E. & Spelman, W. (1987). Who ya gonna call? The police as problem-busters. Crime and
Delinquency, 33(1), 31-52.
Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-Oriented Policing. New York: McGraw Hill Inc.
Johnson, R. R. (2001). Intensive probation for domestic violence offenders. Federal Probation,
65(3), 36-39.
Moore, M.H. (1992). Problem-solving and community policing. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.),
Modern Policing (Volume 15, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research). Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
Wilson, J.Q., & Kelling, G.L. (1982). Broken Windows. Atlantic Monthly (March).
Hot Spots:
Green, L. (1995). Cleaning up drug hot spots in Oakland, California: The displacement and
diffusion effects. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 737-754.
Koper, C. S. (1995). Just enough police presence: Reducing crime and disorderly behavior by
optimizing patrol time in hot spots. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 649-672.
Sherman, L.W., Gartin, P.R., & Buerger, M.E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine
activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27(1), 27-55.
Sherman, L.W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime “hot
spots”: A randomized, controlled trial. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 625-648.
Weisburd, D. & Green, L. (1995) Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City drug market analysis
experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 711-736.
Domestic Violence:
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Buzawa, E.S. & Buzawa, C.G. (1993). Impact of arrest on domestic violence. American
Behavioral Scientist, 36(5), 558-680.
Chesney-Lind, M. (2002). Criminalizing victimization: The unintended consequences of proarrest policies for girls and women. Criminology and Public Policy, 2(1), 81-90.
Dunford, F., Huizinga, D, & Elliot, D. (1990). The role of arrest in domestic assault: The Omaha
police experiment. Criminology, 28, 183-206.
Garner, J., Fagan, J. & Maxwell, C. (1995). Published findings for the spouse assault replication
program. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 11(1), 3-28.
Johnson, R. R. (2004). Police officer frustrations about handling domestic violence calls. The
Police Journal, 77(3), 207-219.
Johnson, R. R. (2002). Changing attitudes about domestic violence. Law and Order, 50(4), 6065.
Johnson, R. R. (2001). The importance of dispatchers in the response to domestic violence.
Sheriff, 53(6), 40-42.
Maxwell, C.D., Garner, J.H., & Fagan, J.A. (2001). The effects of arrest on intimate partner
violence: New evidence from the spouse assault program. National Institute of Justice Research
in Brief.
Sherman, L.W. (1992). Policing Domestic Violence. New York: Free Press.
Sherman, L.W., & Berk, R.A. (1984). The specific deterrent effects of arrest for domestic
assault. American Sociological Review, 49(2), 261-272.
Sherman, L.W., & Smith, D.A. (1992). Crime, punishment, and stake in conformity: Legal and
informal control of domestic violence. American Sociological Review, 57, 680-690.
Police Brutality/Abuse:
Alpert, G. P., Kenney, D. J., Dunham, R. G., & et. el. (2000). Police Pursuits: What We Know.
Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
Fyfe, J. J. (1988). Police use of deadly force: Research and reform. Justice Quarterly, 5(2), 165205.
Johnson, R. R. (2006). Confounding influences on police detection of deception. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 34, 435-442.
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Johnson, R. R. (1998). Citizen complaints: What the police should know. FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin, 67(12), 1-5.
Johnson, R. R. (1996). Aggression influences on police officers. Law and Order, 44(7), 56-58.
Terrill, W., & Reisig, M. D. (2003). Neighborhood context and police use of force. Journal of
Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(3), 291-321.
Supervision & Management:
Johnson, R. R. (2006). Management influences on officer traffic enforcement activity.
International Journal of Police Science and Management, 8(3): 205-217.
Johnson, R. R. (2005). Minimum requirements for Police Chiefs in the USA. The Police Journal,
78(2),103-118.
Patrol Operations:
Johnson, R. R. (2000). Making death notifications. Law and Order, 48(10), 177-180.
Johnson, R. R. (1999). The advantages of two-officer patrol teams. Law and Order, 47(1), 68-70.
Courts/Sentencing
General Readings:
Tonry, M. (1998). Sentencing Matters. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bail and Pretrial:
D’Alession, S. J. & Stolzenberg, L. (1998). Crime, arrests, and pretrial incarceration: An
examination of the deterrence thesis. Criminology, 36(4), 735-762.
Plea Bargaining:
West, A. (2002). Death as deterrent or prosecutorial tool? Examining the impact of Louisiana’s
child rape law. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 13 (2), 156-191.
Disparity/Discretion:
Gottfredson, M. & Gottfredson, D. (1987). Decision-making in Criminal Justice. Cambridge,
MA: Ballinger.
Mandatory Sentences and 3 Strikes (and Policy):
Marvel, T. & Moody, C. (1996). Determinate sentencing and abolishing parole: The long-term
impacts on prisons and crime. Criminology, 34(1), 107-128.
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Corrections and Alternative Sanctions
General Readings:
Stanko, S. C., Gillespie, W. & Crews, G. A. (2004). Living in Prison: A History of the
Correctional System with an Insider’s View. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishers.
Blumstein, A. (1995). American prisons. Pp. ##-## in J.Q. Wilson & J. Petersilia (Eds.), Crime:
Public Policies for Crime Control. Oakland, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.
Garland, D. (1990). Punishment and Modern Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Reiman, J. (1995). The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Rafter, N. H. (1992). Partial Justice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Tonry, M. (Ed.) 2004. The Future of Imprisonment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Prison Populations and Overcrowding:
Austin, J. & Irwin, J. (2001). It’s About Time: America’s Imprisonment Binge. 3rd Edition.
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Marvell, T. B. (1995). Sentencing guidelines and prison population growth. The Journal of
Criminal Law and Criminology, 85(3), 696-709.
Mauer, M. (1999). Race to Incarcerate. New York: New Press.
Prison Management:
Bayens, G. J., Smykla, J. O. & Williams, J. L. (1997). Jail type and inmate behavior: A
longitudinal study. Federal Probation, 61 (3), 54-62.
Berry, P. E. & Smith-Mahdi, J. (2006). Doing mothering behind bars: A qualitative study of
incarcerated mothers. Journal of Crime and Justice, 29(1), 87-108.
Berry, P. E. & Eigenberg, H.M. (2003). Role strain and incarcerated mothers: Understanding the
process of mothering. Women & Criminal Justice, 15(1), 101-119.
Johnson, R. (2001). Hard Time: Understanding and Reforming the Prison. 3rd Edition. Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth.
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Montgomery, R. H. Jr. & Crews, G. A. (1998). A history of correctional violence: An
examination of reported causes of riots & disturbances. Rockville, MD: American Correctional
Association Publishing.
Probation and Intermediate Sanctions:
Bayens, G. J., Manske, M. W., & Smykla, J. O. (1998). The impact of new penology on ISP.
Criminal Justice Review, 23 (2), 51-62.
Berry, P. E. & Anderson, R. (2001). An evaluation of a private alternative probation and
counseling program: Predicting program outcomes from client characteristics. American Journal
of Criminal Justice, 26(1), 121-130.
Byrne, J. M., Lurigio, A .J., & Petersilia, J. (1992). Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of
Intermediate Sanctions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Clear, T., & Latessa, E. J. (1993). Probation officer roles in intensive supervision: Surveillance
versus treatment. Justice Quarterly, 10, 441-462.
Petersilia, J. (1998). A decade of experimenting with intermediate sanctions: What have we
learned? Federal Probation, 62(2), 3-9.
Parole/Reentry:
Petersilia, J. (2000). When Prisoners Return to Communities: Political, Economic, and Social
Consequences. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. NCJ 184253.
Petersilia, J. (2003). When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Visher, C. & Travis, J. (2003). Transitions from prison to community: Understanding individual
pathways. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 89-113.
Death Penalty/Capital Punishment:
Bohm, R. M. (2003). Death Quest II: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Capitol
Punishment in the U.S. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing.
Jacobs, D. & Carmichael, J. (2002). The political sociology of the death penalty: A pooled timeseries analysis. American Sociological Review, 67, 109-131.
Correlates of Crime
Gender, Race, and Crime:
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Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner
City. New York: WW Norton.
Berry, P. E., McGuffee, K. M., Rush, J. P. & Columbus, S. (2004). Discrimination in the
workplace: The firing of a transsexual. The Journal of Human Behavior in the Social
Environment, Vol. 8, Issue 3-4, 2004.
Chambliss, W. (1994). Policing the ghetto underclass: The politics of law and law enforcement.
Social Problems, 41, 177-194.
Eitle, D., D’Alessio, S.J. & Stolzenberg, L. (2002). Racial threat and social control: A test of the
political, economic, and threat of black crime hypotheses. Social Forces, 81(2), 557-576.
Radelet, M. & Pierce, G. L. (1985). Race and prosecutorial discretion in homicide cases. Law
and Society Review, 19(4), 587-621.
Spohn, C. Gruhl, J. & Welch, S. (1987). The impact of the ethnicity and gender of defendants on
the decision to reject or dismiss felony charges. Criminology, 25(1), 175-191.
Steffensemeier, D. & Allan, E. (1996). Gender and crime: Toward a gendered theory of female
offending. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 459-487.
Steffensemeier, D., Ulmer, J. & Kramer, J. (1998). The interaction of race, gender, and age in
criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology, 36(4):
763-798.
Walker, S. Spohn, C. & Delone, M. (1996). The Color of Justice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in
America. Belmont. CA: Wadsworth.
Weitzer, R. & Tuch, S. (2002). Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class and personal
experience. Criminology, 40, 435-456.
Drugs and Crime:
Walker, S. (1998). Sense and Nonsense about Crime and Drugs. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Guns and Crime (Gun Control):
Sherman, L.W. & Rogan, D. P. (1995). Effects of gun seizures on gun violence: “Hot spot”
patrol in Kansas City. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 673-694.
Crime and Urban areas (Neighborhoods and Crime):
Elijah A. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City.
New York: WW Norton.
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Crime Control and Prevention
Eigenberg, H., McGuffee, K., Berry, P. & Hall, B. (2003). Protective order legislation: Trends in
state statutes. Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 31, 411-422.
Clarke, R. V. (1983). Situational crime prevention: Its theoretical basis and practical scope. Pp.
225-256 in M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 4.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Clarke, R. V. (1997). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, Second Edition.
Albany, NY: Harrow and Heston.
Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sherman, L., Gottfredson, D., MacKenzie, D. L., Eck, J., Reuter, P. & Bushway, S. (1997).
Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising. Washington, DC: National
Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.
Thurman, Q. C., Giacomazzi, A .L., Reisig, M. D. & Mueller, D. G. (1996). Community-based
gang prevention and intervention: An evaluation of the neutral zone. Crime and Delinquency,
42(2), 279-295.
Juvenile Justice
Bayens, G. J. (1999). Confining juveniles in adult jails and prisons in Kansas: An inquiry into
correctional policy. American Jails, 13(2), 51-58.
Bazemore, G. & Umbreit, M. (1995). Rethinking the sanctioning function in juvenile court:
Retributive or restorative responses to youth crime. Crime and Delinquency, 41(3), 296-316.
Bishop, Donna M. & Frazier, C. E. (1988). The influence of race in juvenile justice processing.
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 25(2), 242-263.
Blumstein, A. (1995). Youth violence, guns, and the illicit-drug industry. The Journal of
Criminal Law and Criminology, 86(1), 10-36.
Chambliss, W. J. (1973). The Saints and the Roughnecks. Society, 11, 24-31.
Chesney-Lind, M., & Sheldon, R.G. (2004). Girls, Delinquency and Juvenile Justice (3rd ed.).
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Crews, G. A. & Montgomery, R.H., Jr. (2001). Chasing shadows: Confronting juvenile
Violence in America. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Publishing Company.
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Crews, G.A. & Counts, M.R. (1997). The evolution of school disturbance in America: Colonial
times to present day. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Decker, S. H. & Van Winkle, B. (1996). Life in the Gang: Family, Friends and, Violence. New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Fagan, J. & Zimring, F. E. (Eds). (2000). The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of
Adolescents to the Criminal Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Feld, B. C. (1999). Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Howell, J. C. & et al. (1995). Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: A Sourcebook.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Klein, M. W. (1995). The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence, and Control. New
York: Oxford University Press.
McCord, J. (2003). Cures that harm: Unanticipated outcomes of crime prevention programs. The
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 587, 16-30.
Sims, B. & Preston, P. (2006). Handbook of Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice. Boca Raton:
CRC Press.
Winner, L., Lanza-Kaduce, L., Bishop, D.M., & Frazier, C.E. (1997). The transfer of juveniles to
criminal court: Reexamining recidivism over the long term. Crime & Delinquency, 43(4), 548563.
Some Key Cases:
In re Gault 387 U.S. 1 (1967)
In re Winship 397 U.S. 358 (1970)
Kent v. U.S. 383 U.S. 541 (1966)
Shall v. Martin, 467 U.S. 253 (1984)
Stanford v. Kentucky 492 U.S. 361 (1989)
Ethics and Research
Bayens, G. J. & Roberson C. E. (2000). Research Methods in Criminal Justice: Theory and
Practice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Banks, C. (2004). Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Humphreys, L. (1970). Tearoom Trade. Chicago: Aldine.
Kelling, G. L. & et. al. (1974). The Kansas City Prevention Patrol Experiment: A Summary
Report and a Technical Report. Washington, D.C.: The Police Foundation.
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Klockars, C. B., Ivkovic, S. K. & Haber-Feld, M. R. (2004). The Contours of Police Integrity.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to Authority. New York: Harper & Row.
Sherman, L. & Berk, R. A. (1984). The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment.
Washington, D.C.: The Police Foundation.
West, A. (2003). Chicken little, three blind men, add an elephant, and “racial profiling”: The
collection, analysis and interpretation of traffic stop data. Journal of Forensic Psychology
Practice, 3 (2), 63-77.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1972). Pathology of imprisonment. Society 9, 4-6.
Criminal Justice Education
Bayens, G., Berry, P. & Mahdi-Smith, J. (2005). Assessment of the benefits of criminal justice
internships. American Jails, 19 (5), 26-37.
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