1485-1625
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Pope Julian II
Sistine Chapel
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Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Christopher Columbus
Galileo
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Social Movement that believed that virtue is the
highest possession
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Virtue is the only source of true happiness
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Attempted to harmonize the Bible & the classics
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Invention of the Printing
Press by Johannes
Gutenberg
Mainz, Germany
1455
Religious Movement
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Rejection of the Authority of the Pope
Nationalism – Pride in one’s country
Financial Burdens imposed by the Roman church
Foreign Influence (Italy NOT England!!!!)
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German Monk
95 Thesis
New Christianity
Personal
understanding over
the word of the Pope
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English – “Morning Star
of Reformation”
1st English Translation
of Bible
Condemned
Sacramental Teachings
Believed men of cloth
should live in poverty
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French Theologian and
Reformer
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Forced to move to
Switzerland for fear of
his life, where he began
his church
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Scottish Reformer
Primary education in all
parishes
Money to help poor –
no luxury for the church
Began Presbyterian
Church
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First in the Tudor Line
Won War of Roses
Married Elizabeth of York
Had (4) children
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Arthur
Margaret
Henry
Mary
Arthur, the heir, marries Catherine of Aragon – daughter of
Ferdinand & Isabella (King & Queen of Spain)
Arthur dies a few months later – Henry becomes the new heir
Henry marries Catherine of Aragon – his brother’s widow
Henry VIII is crowned king in 1509 after his father died of TB
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“Renaissance Man”
Played Instruments
Ladies Man
Had six wives
(2) Greatest Accomplishments
-Created Royal Navy
-Created Church of England
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Arthur’s widow
Married 24 years
Created Church of England for a divorce
when Pope Clement VII refused
Divorced
Member of Catherine’s Royal
Court
Daughter Elizabeth
Refused to Divorce Henry VIII
Beheaded for adultery
(Falsely accused)
Elizabeth was thrown out
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Maid of honor to both prior Queens
Had son Edward
Died twelve days after birth of son
due to complications
Henry VIII waited 2 years before
marrying again
Sister of Duke William of
Germany – Political Marriage
Cooperated w/ King
Received land & money
Remained friends
Divorced – hated each other
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1st cousin of Anne Boleyn
Unspoiled – “Rose without
a thorn”
Caught Cheating with
music teacher
Beheaded
Her 3rd Husband -- reluctantly
Nursed King while sick
Survived Henry
Remarried her true love
Thomas Seymour
Died next year of childbirth
complications
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Son of Jane Seymour
Became king at age 9
Relatives wielded the
power – most notably the
Duke of Northumberland
Died at age 15 of TB
Mary’s Granddaughter
Duke of Northumberland’s
daughter-in-law
Queen for 9 days
Her and husband were
executed by “Bloody” Mary
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Daughter of Catherine of
Aragon
Devout Catholic – restored the
Pope’s power
Burned 300 Protestants at the
stake
Married Phillip II of Spain
Died of Fever
Half-sister Elizabeth I
succeeded her
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Daughter of Anne Boleyn
Virgin Queen
Reestablished Church of England
Survived plot to kill her by Mary
Queen of Scots
Destroyed Spanish Armada with the
Royal Navy – Irish Sea (1588)
Inspired Literature
Ruled 45 Years
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Son of Mary Queen of
Scots
1st to rule both
countries
Sponsored new
translation of bible
(King James Version)
Jamestown (1607)
Constant turmoil
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Civil War
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135 Person Tribunal to
decide his fate – King or
Execution
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Vote was 68-67
BEHEADED!!!!!!!
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Ruled 11 Years
Civil War remained
Foreign Success
Parliament
vs.
Cromwell
-Rightful heir reinstated
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Change in Values
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Science vs. Religion
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Two Party System is
Developed
Whig & Tory
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Renaissance is officially
over!!!