TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 15
Abbreviations and conventions ................................................................................................... 17
List of figures .............................................................................................................................. 19
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 21
Chapter One: The working and managerial organization of gardens ......................................... 43
Chapter Two: The gardens of Ĝirsu .......................................................................................... 125
Chapter Three: Extended economic complexes ........................................................................ 179
Chapter Four: The gardens of Gu-Iniĝinšedu ............................................................................ 193
Chapter Five: Timber and gardens ............................................................................................ 211
Chapter Six: The reed-bed ......................................................................................................... 227
Chapter Seven: The gardens of Ĝirsu in the documentation of other provinces ....................... 229
Chapter Eight: Gardens isolated in the documentation ............................................................. 233
Chapter Nine: The garden administrators of the province ........................................................ 237
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 299
Systematic glossary ................................................................................................................... 303
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 315
Sitography ................................................................................................................................. 330
Appendix: Exemplifying texts ................................................................................................... 331
Indices ....................................................................................................................................... 343
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................
Abbreviations and conventions ...................................................................................................
List of figures ..............................................................................................................................
Introduction .................................................................................................................................
15
17
19
21
1. The gardens .......................................................................................................................................
1.1. Garden composition .................................................................................................................
2. The Third Dynasty of Ur: center and periphery ................................................................................
3. Land management .............................................................................................................................
3.1. Presence of gardens in the Ĝirsu Province ...............................................................................
4. The Ĝirsu province ............................................................................................................................
5. The gardens and their crops. Status quaestionis ...............................................................................
6. Documentation ..................................................................................................................................
7. Structure of the present work ............................................................................................................
21
23
29
30
32
33
36
38
41
Chapter One: The working and managerial organization of gardens ......................................... 43
1.1. Generic designation of labor pertaining to gardens ...................................................................... 44
1.1.1. Garden personnel/gardeners .................................................................................................... 44
7
G ARDEN A DMINISTRATION IN THE Ĝ IRSU P ROVINCE DURING THE N EO -S UMERIAN P ERIOD
1.1.2. Gardeners of the large trees and gardeners of the vineyards ................................................... 44
1.2. Workers regularly employed in gardens ........................................................................................ 44
1.2.1. The skilled workers ............................................................................................................... 45
1.2.2. Payments for the skilled workers .......................................................................................... 46
1.2.3. SIG7-a ...................................................................................................................................... 47
1.3. Workers or work categories occasionally attested in gardens ........................................................ 50
1.3.1. Hired labor ( a 2 h u ĝ - ĝ a 2 ) ...................................................................................................... 50
1.3.2. Unskilled workers ( g a n - d a b 5 ) ............................................................................................. 50
1.3.3. Workers devoted to the gazi- plant ( l u 2 - g a z i ) ...................................................................... 51
1.3.4. Workers devoted to the processing of palm fibers ( l u 2 KA.GAZ/KA×SA.GAZ) ....................... 51
1.3.5. Invalids ( l u 2 h u - b u 7 b u ) ......................................................................................................... 52
1.3.6. Prisoners ( l u 2 ĝ e š t u k u l - e d a b 5 - b a ) ................................................................................. 52
1.3.7. Menials (UN- g a 6 ) .................................................................................................................... 54
1.4. Additional considerations ............................................................................................................... 54
1.4.1. ‘Out of garden’: the men of the storehouse and the l u 2 - LAM ............................................. 54
1.4.2. Workers released from the duty cycle (BUR2) .......................................................................... 56
1.4.3. Skilled garden workers in the fields ...................................................................................... 58
1.5. Planning of works ........................................................................................................................... 62
1.6. The middle-level managers: gardeners or garden experts ................................................................ 64
1.6.1. Recruitment of garden experts ................................................................................................ 66
1.6.2. Territoriality and family groups ............................................................................................. 67
1.6.3. Territorial responsibility of the garden experts ....................................................................... 69
1.6.3.1. The function of territorial responsibility of the garden experts ...................................... 76
1.6.4. The garden experts in function of responsible for the production ........................................ 78
1.6.5. The garden experts and the fruit circulation ......................................................................... 79
1.6.6. Role of the garden experts in the expenditures ..................................................................... 81
1.6.7. Traces of internal hierarchy ................................................................................................... 82
1.6.8. Payments and functions of the garden experts within the work groups ................................ 83
1.7. Additional considerations. The gardeners of Ninegal ..................................................................... 87
1.8. The garden administrators ............................................................................................................... 88
1.8.1. Territoriality ........................................................................................................................... 90
1.8.2. Activities of the garden administrators ................................................................................. 95
1.8.3. Role of the garden administrators in garden measurement texts .......................................... 96
1.8.4. Responsibility for the garden production .............................................................................. 96
1.8.4.1. Role of the garden administrators in reports of production ......................................... 97
1.8.4.2. Management of production shortfalls ............................................................................ 98
1.8.4.3. Role of the garden administrators in the expenditures ................................................. 99
1.8.5. Management of fee payments ........................................................................................ 101
1.8.6. Accounts drafted in the name of garden administrators ...................................................... 102
1.8.7. The garden administrators and the circulation of barley, wool and garments .................... 107
1.8.7.1. Barley payments .......................................................................................................... 107
1.8.7.2. Entries of balanced accounts ....................................................................................... 108
1.8.7.3. Readdressing of barley amounts ................................................................................. 109
1.8.7.4. Payments left in the granary ........................................................................................ 109
1.8.7.5. Barley loans ................................................................................................................. 109
1.8.7.6. Barley, wool, and garment payments and worker inspections .................................... 110
1.8.8. Transfer of gardeners ........................................................................................................... 114
1.8.9. Payments for the garden administrators ................................................................................ 114
1.9. The captains (NU- b a n d a 3 ) and the gardens ................................................................................ 115
8
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
1.10. Additional considerations. The vineyard administrators and the men of the vineyards ..............
1.11. The exceptions ...........................................................................................................................
1.11.1. Niĝir-išibmah ....................................................................................................................
1.11.2. Lu-ušgina ..........................................................................................................................
1.11.3. The gardeners of the high priestess of BaU .......................................................................
1.11.4. Ur-BaU son of Lugal-imrua ..............................................................................................
1.11.5. Kinship relations with garden administrators ...................................................................
1.11.6. Varia ..................................................................................................................................
118
119
120
120
121
123
123
124
Chapter Two: The gardens of Ĝirsu .......................................................................................... 125
2.1. The gardens of MVN 12, 182 ......................................................................................................
2.1.1. The garden on the banks of the Ur-Utu canal ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 g u 2 i 7 U r - d U t u ) ......................
2.1.2. The garden on the banks of the irrigation ditch Musilim
( ĝ e š k i r i 6 g u 2 i 7 p a 4 m u - s i l i m ) ............................................................................................
2.1.3. The large garden ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 g u - l a ) ......................................................................................
2.1.4. The small garden next to it ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 t u r u s 2 - s a - b i ) ........................................................
2.2. Group of texts dated to the 48th year of Šulgi concerning the payments
for water drawers and arborists .................................................................................................
2.2.1. The garden of Allaĝu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 A l - l a - ĝ u 1 0 ) ...................................................................
2.2.2. The garden of Amanu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 A - m a - n u ) ......................................................................
2.2.3. The garden o f enNE ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 e n -NE) ................................................................................
2.2.4. The garden of ErimzezeGIna ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 E r i m 2 - z e 2 - z e 2 - GI-n a ) ........................................
2.2.5. The garden of Gaeš ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 G a - e š 8 ) ..............................................................................
2.2.6. The garden of Geme-Ištaran ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 G e m e 2 - d I š t a r a n ) ................................................
2.2.7. The garden of Geme-Šulpa’e ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 G e m e 2 - d Š u l - p a - e 3 ) .........................................
2.2.8. The garden of ĝeškiĝ-trees ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š - k i ĝ 2 ) .................................................................
2.2.9. The vineyard on the banks of the BaU-heĝal canal
( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n g u 2 i 7 d B a - U 2 - h e 2 - ĝ a l ) ........................................................................
2.2.10. The ĝi’eden garden of BaU ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ i 6 - e d e n d B a - U2) ................................................
2.2.11. The ĝi’eden garden of Ninĝirsu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ i 6 - e d e n - d N i n - ĝ i r 2 - s u ) ..........................
2.2.12. The large garden in the city ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 g u - l a š a 3 i r i ) ...................................................
2.2.13. The garden of HIgal ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 HI- g a l ) .............................................................................
2.2.14. The garden of Igalim ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d I g - a l i m ) .......................................................................
2.1.15. The garden of Irisaĝ ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 I r i - s a ĝ < k i > ) .....................................................................
2.2.16. The garden of Lu-duga ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u 2 - d u 1 0 - g a ) ............................................................
2.2.17. The garden of Lugal-igi ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u g a l - i g i ) ...............................................................
2.2.18. The garden of Lu-Ninĝirsu the archivist ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u 2 - d N i n - ĝ i r 2 - s u š a 1 3 - d u b - b a ) .
2.2.19. The garden of Mani ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 M a - n i ) .............................................................................
2.2.20. The garden of Meluhha of NinMAR.KI ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 M e l - l u h - h a d N i n -MAR.KI) ...............
2.2.21. The garden of Nanše of Simurrum ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N a n š e S i - m u - u r 4 - u m k i ) ....................
2.2.22. The garden of Ninĝirsu-adah-Šulgira ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N i n - ĝ i r 2 - s u - a 2 - d a h - d Š u l - g i - r a ) .
2.2.23. The garden of Ninĝirsu-namerim ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N i n - ĝ i r 2 - s u - n a m - e r i m 2 ) .....................
2.2.24. The garden of NinMAR.KI ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N i n -MAR.KI) ..........................................................
2.2.25. The garden of Ninšubur ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N i n - š u b u r ) ............................................................
2.2.26. The garden of Šulgi-a-kalama ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d Š u l - g i - a 2 - k a l a m - m a ) .................................
2.2.27. The garden of Šulpa’e ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d Š u l - p a - e 3 ) .................................................................
2.2.28. The garden of Tira’aš ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 T i - r a - a š 2 ) .....................................................................
2.2.29. The garden of U’udua ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U 8 - u d u - a k i ) .................................................................
2.2.30. The garden of Ur-dam ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U r - d a m ) .......................................................................
2.2.31. The garden of Ur-mama ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U r - m a - m a ) ..............................................................
9
126
127
127
127
127
127
135
136
137
139
139
140
140
141
142
142
143
144
145
145
146
146
147
147
148
150
150
150
151
152
155
155
157
158
160
160
161
G ARDEN A DMINISTRATION IN THE Ĝ IRSU P ROVINCE DURING THE N EO -S UMERIAN P ERIOD
2.2.32. The garden of Ur-Ninĝirsu I ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U r - d N i n - ĝ i r 2 - s u g u - l a ) ..................................
2.2.33. The garden of Urub ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U r u b x k i , URU×KAR2) .........................................................
2.2.34. The pine garden before Enki ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š u 3 - s u h 5 g a b a - r i d E n - k i - k a ) .....................
2.3. Co-attested gardens ......................................................................................................................
2.3.1. The garden of Asuhur ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 A - s u h u r < k i > ) .................................................................
2.3.2. The garden of BaU of Bad ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U2 B a d 3 k i ) ........................................................
2.3.3. The garden of BaU-igasu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U 2 - i g - g a - s u 3 ) ...................................................
2.3.4. The garden of BaU-namerimku ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U 2 - n a m - e r i m 2 - k u 5 ) ..............................
2.3.5. The garden of BaU next to Ninĝešzida
( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U 2 u s 2 - s a d N i n - ĝ e š - z i - d a ) ........................................................................
2.3.6. The ĝi’eden garden of Nanše ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ i 6 - e d e n < d > N a n š e ) ........................................
2.4. Gardens attested from the 1st year of Amar-Suena .......................................................................
2.4.1. The garden ex-voto of Lu-Nanše ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 a - r u - a L u 2 - d N a n š e ) .....................................
2.4.2. The garden of Ištaran ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d I š t a r a n ) ..........................................................................
2.4.3. The garden of Nanše ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N a n š e ) ............................................................................
2.5. Gardens attested from the 4th year of Amar-Suena ......................................................................
2.5.1. The garden of the Inanna village ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 e 2 - d u r u 5 d I n a n n a ) ........................................
2.5.2. The garden of Lu-Igimaše ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u 2 - d I g i - m a - š e 3 ) ...................................................
2.5.3. The garden of Lu-Utu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u 2 - d U t u ) ........................................................................
2.5.4. The garden of the palace administrator ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 š a b r a e 2 ) ...............................................
2.5.5. The garden of Uz of E-igi-il ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U z E 2 - i g i - i l 2 < k i > - l a ) .........................................
2.6. Gardens attested from the 7th year of Amar-Suena ......................................................................
2.6.1. The garden of E-huš ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 e 2 - h u š ) ..............................................................................
2.6.2. The garden of Lugal-ušumgal ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u g a l - u š u m g a l ) ...............................................
2.7. The gardens of TÉL 80 .................................................................................................................
2.7.1. The garden of BaU-ninam ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U 2 - n i n - a m 3 ) .....................................................
2.7.2. The pine garden ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š u 3 - s u h 5 ) ...............................................................................
2.8. The garden of BaU-ninsisa ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U 2 - n i n - s i - s a 2 ) .......................................................
2.9. The gardens of Nisaba 18, 142 .....................................................................................................
2.9.1. The garden of Ambar (ĝ e š k i r i 6 A m b a r k i ) ..........................................................................
2.9.2. The garden of the Ĝiri village (ĝ e š k i r i 6 e 2 - < d u r u 5 > Ĝi r i 3 < k i > ) ......................................
2.9.3. The garden of Kimadasala (ĝ e š k i r i 6 K i - m a - d a - s a l 4 - l a k i ) ..............................................
2.10. Particularities. The gardens of the governor’s family ................................................................
162
163
163
164
165
165
166
166
166
167
167
167
168
168
169
169
170
170
171
171
171
172
172
172
172
173
173
174
174
174
174
174
Chapter Three: Extended economic complexes ........................................................................ 179
3.1. Šulpa’e and the rest station ...........................................................................................................
3.1.1. The garden of BaUna ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d B a - U 2 - n a ) .......................................................................
3.1.2. The garden of the bathhouse ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 e 2 d u 1 0 - u s 2 ) ........................................................
3.1.3. The garden of Ĝatumdu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d Ĝ a 2 - t u m 3 - d u 1 0 ) .......................................................
3.1.4. The vineyard ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n ) ........................................................................................
3.1.5. The ĝi’eden garden of Inanna ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ i 6 - e d e n d I n a n n a ) ..........................................
3.1.6. The new garden of ĜIR3.SIG.LA ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 g i b i l 4 Ĝ IR3.SIG.LA) ............................................
3.1.7. The second garden of Inanna ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d I n a n n a - m i n 3 ) ....................................................
3.1.8. The garden of Kaš ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 K a š 4 ) .....................................................................................
3.1.9. The garden of Ninĝešzida ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N i n - ĝ e š - z i - d a ) .....................................................
3.2. The garden/vineyard of Garšum ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ( ĝ e š t i n ) G a r 3 - š u m k i ) ...........................................
3.3. The garden of Kisura ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 K i - s u r - r a k i ) ............................................................................
3.4. The garden of the mill ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 e 2 - k i k k e n 2 ) .............................................................................
3.4.1. The garden workers of the mill of Saĝdana .........................................................................
10
179
181
181
181
181
182
182
182
182
183
183
186
189
191
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
Chapter Four: The gardens of Gu-Iniĝinšedu ............................................................................ 193
4.1. Presence of gardens in the area of the north-western border .......................................................
4.2. Presence of gardens along the course of the Niĝinšedu canal ......................................................
4.3. The gardens managed by Anana ..................................................................................................
4.3.1. The garden of Alšana ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 A - a l - š a - n a k i ) ................................................................
4.3.2. The garden of Ĝatumdu-nin-Gudea ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d Ĝ a 2 - t u m 3 - d u 1 0 - n i n - d G u 3 - d e 2 - a ) .....
4.3.3. The vineyard within the walls of Bagara ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n š a 3 b a d 3 B a - g a r a 2 ) ..........
4.3.4. The ĝi’eden garden of Bagara ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ i 6 - e d e n B a - g a r a 2 ) .......................................
4.3.5. The garden before the Bagara temple ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 i g i e 2 B a - g a r a 2 ) ..................................
4.3.6. The garden of Lagaš ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L a g a š k i ) .............................................................................
4.4. The gardens managed by Ga’a .....................................................................................................
4.4.1. The garden of Azam ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 A z - a m 3 ) ............................................................................
4.4.2. The garden of apple trees ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š h a š h u r ) ................................................................
4.4.3. The garden of the pasture ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 n a - KAB- t u m ) .............................................................
4.5. Niĝin .............................................................................................................................................
4.5.1. The garden managed by Abba .............................................................................................
4.5.2. The vineyard in the marsh of Niĝin ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n a m b a r N i ĝ i n 6 k i )..........................
4.5.3. The vineyard opposite the field of Enlil ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 < ĝ e š t i n > g a b a a - š a 3 d E n - l i l 2 - l a 2 )
4.5.4. The vineyard on the banks of the Kun canal ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n g u 2 i 7 k u n ) .....................
4.5.5. The vineyard on the banks of the Turtur canal ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n g u 2 i 7 t u r - t u r ) ............
4.6. Presence of gardens attributable to the district in scattered references ........................................
193
195
199
199
199
200
201
202
202
202
203
203
204
204
205
206
207
208
208
210
Chapter Five: Timber and gardens ............................................................................................ 211
5.1. Contacts with the shipyard ...........................................................................................................
5.2. The gardens of the high priestess of BaU .....................................................................................
5.2.1. The garden of Iškur of the high priestess ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d I š k u r e r e š - d i ĝ i r - r a ) ....................
5.2.2. The new garden of the high priestess ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 g i b i l e r e š - d i ĝ i r - r a ) .............................
5.2.3. The garden of Ĝeštu of the high priestess ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š Ĝe š t u e r e š - d i ĝ i r - r a ) ................
5.2.4. The garden of Ur-eninnu the gardener ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 U r - e 2 - n i n n u n u - ĝ e š k i r i 6 ) ..................
5.2.5. The garden of Lugal-irida the captain of the weavers
( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u g a l - i r i - d a NU-b a n d a 3 u š - b a r ) .....................................................................
5.3. The garden of the grand vizier ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 s u k k a l - m a h ) .............................................................
5.4. The garden of Ninĝirsu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d N i n - ĝ i r 2 - s u ) .......................................................................
5.5. The garden of Gudea ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 G u 3 - d e 2 - a ) ...............................................................................
5.6. The garden of Hurim ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 H u - r i m 3 k i ) ................................................................................
5.7. The garden of TLB 3, 144 ............................................................................................................
5.8. Presence of timber tree gardens in the province in scattered references .....................................
5.9. Some considerations on the officials involved in the circulation of timber .................................
5.10. Some considerations on the gardeners involved in the circulation of timber ............................
211
213
214
214
214
214
214
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
222
Chapter Six: The reed-bed ......................................................................................................... 227
6.1. The garden of Engaldudu ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 E n - g a l - d u - d u ) .................................................................. 227
Chapter Seven: The gardens of Ĝirsu in the documentation of other provinces ....................... 229
7.1. Umma ...........................................................................................................................................
7.1.1. The garden of Lala in the field of E-igi-il ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L a - l a a - š a 3 E 2 - i g i - i l 2 < k i > ) ........
7.1.2. The garden of Lala in the city ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L a - l a š a 3 i r i ) ....................................................
7.1.3. The garden of Lu-saga in the field ĝir ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u 2 - s a 6 - g a a - š a 3 ĝ i r 2 ) ........................
7.1.4. The garden of Lu-saga in the city ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 L u 2 - s a 6 - g a š a 3 i r i ) ....................................
7.1.5. The garden of Šakuge in the field of Lagaš ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 Š a 3 - k u 3 - g e a - š a 3 L a g a š k i ) .......
11
229
230
230
231
231
231
G ARDEN A DMINISTRATION IN THE Ĝ IRSU P ROVINCE DURING THE N EO -S UMERIAN P ERIOD
7.1.6. The garden of Šudua in the field of the Ĝešbar’e village
( ĝ e š k i r i 6 Š u - d u 7 - a a - š a 3 e 2 - < d u r u 5 > < d > Ĝe š - b a r - r e ) ..................................................
7.2. Nippur ...........................................................................................................................................
7.3. Drēhem .........................................................................................................................................
7.4. The gardens of Umma in the documentation of Ĝirsu .................................................................
7.4.1. The garden of Kuli ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 K u - l i ) ...................................................................................
7.4.2. The garden of Mušbiana ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 M u š - b i - a n - n a ) ...........................................................
231
231
232
232
232
232
Chapter Eight: Gardens isolated in the documentation ............................................................. 233
8.1. The garden of Amar-Suena in the BaU(-namerim ?)
( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d A m a r - d S u e n š a 3 d B a - U 2 - ⌈ n a m - e r i m 2 ⌉ ) .......................................................
8.2. The garden of E-gibile ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 E 2 - g i b i l 4 - < l e k i > ) ..................................................................
8.3. The garden of the temple of NinMAR.KI ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 e 2 d N i n - MAR.KI) ..........................................
8.4. The vineyard of HU.ĜEŠ ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 ĝ e š t i n HU.⌈Ĝ E Š ⌉ ) ..................................................................
8.5. The garden of the ‘sonship’ ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 n a m - d u m u - k a ) ..............................................................
8.6. The garden of the archivist ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 š a 1 3 - d u b - b a - k a ) ...........................................................
8.7. The garden of Šu-Suen ( ĝ e š k i r i 6 d Š u - d S u e n ) ............................................................................
233
233
234
234
234
234
235
Chapter Nine: The garden administrators of the province ........................................................ 237
9.1. The garden administrators of Ĝirsu ..............................................................................................
9.1.1. Abbaĝu .................................................................................................................................
9.1.2. Gu’umu ................................................................................................................................
9.1.3. NIMmu .................................................................................................................................
9.1.4. Nabi son of Lugal-saga ........................................................................................................
9.1.5. Gamu ....................................................................................................................................
9.1.6. Ka .........................................................................................................................................
9.1.7. Ur-BaU .................................................................................................................................
9.1.8. Agu ......................................................................................................................................
9.1.9. Ur-Lisi ..................................................................................................................................
9.2. The alleged garden administrators of Ĝirsu .................................................................................
9.2.1. Ĝirini ....................................................................................................................................
9.2.2. Lu-diĝira ..............................................................................................................................
9.2.3. Išibmah ................................................................................................................................
9.2.4. Inana ....................................................................................................................................
9.2.5. Ur-Inanna .............................................................................................................................
9.3. The garden administrators of Gu’aba ...........................................................................................
9.3.1. Lugal-imrua .........................................................................................................................
9.3.2. Aga son of Lugal-imrua .......................................................................................................
9.3.3. Udani ....................................................................................................................................
9.3.4. UNga ....................................................................................................................................
9.4. The garden administrators of Gu-Iniĝinšedu ................................................................................
9.4.1. Ga’a ......................................................................................................................................
9.4.2. Urani ......................................................................................................................................
9.4.3. Ur-Bagara .............................................................................................................................
9.4.4. Ur-BaU .................................................................................................................................
9.4.5. Kitušlu, the alleged garden administrator of Gu-Iniĝinšedu ...............................................
9.5. The garden administrators of Niĝin and Lagaš ............................................................................
9.5.1. Abba .....................................................................................................................................
9.5.2. Abbaĝu10 ..............................................................................................................................
9.5.3. Anana ...................................................................................................................................
9.5.4. Enlila ....................................................................................................................................
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238
240
243
248
250
252
253
255
257
259
261
262
262
262
263
264
264
265
265
267
269
271
272
276
276
277
277
278
279
279
279
280
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
9.5.5. Lugal-amarku ......................................................................................................................
9.5.6. Lugal-irida ...........................................................................................................................
9.5.7. Manšum ...............................................................................................................................
9.5.8. Ur-Igalim son of Šadanudu .................................................................................................
9.6. The garden administrators of indeterminable districts .................................................................
9.6.1. Ubimu ..................................................................................................................................
9.6.2. Ur-kigula .............................................................................................................................
9.6.3. Ur-KISAL ..............................................................................................................................
9.6.4. Ur-Luma ..............................................................................................................................
9.6.5. Ur-Ninĝirsu .........................................................................................................................
9.6.6. Ur-Siana ...............................................................................................................................
9.6.7. Ur-Šul(pa’e) son of Lugal-gigir ..........................................................................................
9.6.8. Ur-dŠulpa’e ..........................................................................................................................
9.7. Counterparts. The external officials .............................................................................................
9.7.1. Officials gravitating around the mill ...................................................................................
9.7.1.1. Lugal-igihuš son of Lala ...................................................................................................
9.7.1.2. Katar-BaU .........................................................................................................................
9.7.2. The warehouse (e 2 - k i š i b - b a ) ...........................................................................................
9.7.2.1. The archive of Ur-abba son of Bazi ............................................................................
9.7.2.2. The officials involved in the circulation of garden produce .......................................
9.7.2.2.1. Ur-egal son of Bazi ..................................................................................................
9.7.2.2.2. Šeškala son of Ur-aba ..............................................................................................
9.7.2.2.3. Ur-NIĜ son of Lu-kala ..............................................................................................
9.7.2.2.4. Nammah-BaU son of Abba’a ...................................................................................
9.7.2.2.5. Ur-eškuga son of Abba-gina ....................................................................................
9.7.2.2.6. Lu-Ninĝirsu son of Ikala ..........................................................................................
9.7.2.2.7. Ur-Igalim the messenger............................................................................................
9.7.3. Ur-abba and the garden produce .........................................................................................
9.7.3.1. The deliveries ..............................................................................................................
9.7.3.2. The expenditures .........................................................................................................
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281
282
282
282
283
283
283
283
283
284
284
285
285
285
286
286
287
287
289
289
289
289
290
290
291
291
292
292
294
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 299
Systematic glossary ................................................................................................................... 303
1. Labor definitions and categories of workers ...................................................................................
2. Garden professionals .......................................................................................................................
3. Administrative terminology recurring in the garden management .................................................
4. Fruit and fruit trees attested in the gardens of the province ............................................................
5. Palm by-products ............................................................................................................................
6. Timber trees attested in the gardens of the province ......................................................................
303
304
306
310
312
312
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................
Sitography .................................................................................................................................
Appendix: Exemplifying texts ...................................................................................................
Indices .......................................................................................................................................
315
330
331
343
Personal names ....................................................................................................................................
Rulers ..................................................................................................................................................
God and temple names ........................................................................................................................
Toponyms ............................................................................................................................................
Watercourses .......................................................................................................................................
Sumerian words and expressions .........................................................................................................
Texts .....................................................................................................................................................
343
352
353
354
356
357
363
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