Chapter 12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
Objective Questions
1) Which of the following statements about fungi is false?
A) All fungi are unicellular.
B) All fungi have eukaryotic cells.
C) Fungi are heterotrophic.
D) Most fungi are aerobic.
E) Few fungi are pathogenic to humans.
Answer: A
Skill: Analysis
2) Which of the following statements about helminths is false?
A) They are heterotrophic.
B) They are multicellular animals.
C) They have eukaryotic cells.
D) All are parasites.
E) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.
Answer: D
Skill: Analysis
3) Which of the following statements about the Oomycote algae is false?
A) They form hyphae.
B) They produce zoospores in a sporangium.
C) They cause plant diseases.
D) They have chlorophyll.
E) They reproduce sexually.
Answer: D
Skill: Understanding
4) Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all 17 patients, Elastoplast
bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds,
two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were
removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement.
Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because
A) They are aerobic.
B) They can tolerate low-moisture conditions.
C) They prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).
D) They have a fermentative metabolism.
E) They cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.
Answer: B
Skill: Analysis
5) Which of the following statements is false?
A) A lichen doesnʹt exist if the fungal and algal partners are separated.
B) Lichens are parasites.
C) In a lichen, the alga produces carbohydrates.
D) In a lichen, the fungus provides the holdfast.
E) Lichens are important soil producers.
Answer: B
Skill: Recall
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6) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Plasmogamy  union of two haploid cells
B) Karyogamy  fusion of nucleus
C) Meiosis  cell division resulting in haploid cells
D) Anamorph  produces asexual spores
E) Deuteromycota  a phylum of fungi
Answer: E
Skill: Recall
Table 12.1
1-Arthroconidium
2-Ascospore
3-Basidiospore
4-Blastoconidium
5-Chlamydoconidium
6-Conidiospore
7-Sporangiospore
8-Zygospore
7) In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium?
A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 4
C) 2 and 6
D) 1 and 4
E) 4 and 6
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
8) In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus?
A) 1 and 2
B) 6 and 7
C) 2 and 8
D) 1 and 4
E) 7 and 8
Answer: E
Skill: Recall
9) In Table 12.1, which spore is in a sac and results from the fusion of two nuclei from different strains of the same
fungi?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: B
Skill: Recall
10) In Table 12.1, which spore is found externally on a pedestal?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) None
Answer: B
Skill: Recall
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11) In Table 12.1, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) None
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
12) In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores?
A) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7
B) 2, 3, 6, 8
C) 1, 3, 5, 8
D) 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
E) All
Answer: A
Skill: Recall
13) In mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received
an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer
had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at
35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10
μm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated
at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a
A) Gram-negative bacterium.
B) Dimorphic fungus.
C) Parasitic alga.
D) Yeast.
E) Protozoan.
Answer: B
Skill: Analysis
14) Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free -living helminths?
A) Digestive system
B) Nervous system
C) Locomotion
D) Reproductive system
E) All of the above are more complex in a parasitic helminth.
Answer: D
Skill: Recall
15) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Fungi produce sexual spores.
B) Fungi produce asexual spores.
C) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi.
D) Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions.
E) Fungal spores are for reproduction.
Answer: D
Skill: Analysis
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16) Which of the following pairs are mismatched?
1. Arthroconidium  formed by fragmentation
2. Sporangiospore  formed within hyphae
3. Conidiospore  formed in a chain
4. Blastoconidium  formed from a bud
5. Chlamydoconidium  formed in a sac
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 2 and 5
D) 3 and 4
E) 4 and 5
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
17) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Dinoflagellates  paralytic shellfish poisoning
B) Brown algae  algin
C) Red algae  agar
D) Diatoms  petroleum
E) Green algae  prokaryotic
Answer: E
Skill: Recall
18) Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by
A) Respiratory route.
B) Genitourinary route.
C) Gastrointestinal route.
D) Vectors.
E) Aerosols.
Answer: C
Skill: Analysis
19) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of parasitic platyhelminths?
A) They are hermaphroditic.
B) They are dorsoventrally flattened.
C) They have a complete digestive system.
D) They can be divided into flukes and tapeworms.
E) They are multicellular animals.
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
20) Cercariae, metacercaria, miracidia, and rediae are stages in the life cycle of
A) Cestodes.
B) Trematodes.
C) Nematodes.
D) Sporozoans.
E) Sarcodina.
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
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21) Which stage immediately precedes the adult?
A) Cercaria
B) Metacercaria
C) Miracidium
D) Redia
E) Proglottid
Answer: B
Skill: Recall
22) The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a
A) Redia.
B) Cercaria.
C) Cysticercus.
D) Metacercaria.
E) Proglottid.
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
23) Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host?
A) Lice
B) Fleas
C) Houseflies
D) Mosquitoes
E) Kissing bugs
Answer: C
Skill: Analysis
24) Which of the following statements about algae is false?
A) They use light as their energy source.
B) They use CO 2 as their carbon source.
C) They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.
D) All are unicellular.
E) Some are capable of sexual reproduction.
Answer: D
Skill: Analysis
25) Below are several paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Which of the pairs is mismatched?
A) Dog  definitive host
B) Dog  sexual reproduction
C) Mosquito  vector
D) Mosquito  definitive host
E) All of the above are correctly matched.
Answer: D
Skill: Analysis
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26) All algae are
A) Photoautotrophs.
B) Plants.
C) Unicellular.
D) Toxic.
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
Skill: Understanding
27) A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite?
A) Miracidium
B) Cyst
C) Adult
D) Larva
E) All of the above
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
28) What do tapeworms eat?
A) Intestinal bacteria
B) Host tissues
C) Red blood cells
D) Intestinal contents
E) Plant matter
Answer: D
Skill: Recall
29) The microspora and archaezoa are unusual eukaryotes because they
A) Are motile.
B) Lack mitochondria.
C) Lack nuclei.
D) Donʹt produce cysts.
E) Do produce cysts.
Answer: B
Skill: Analysis
30) The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most
effective preventive measure?
A) Salting fish before eating
B) Refrigerating stored fish
C) Cooking fish before eating
D) Wearing gloves while handling fish
E) Not swimming in fish-infested waters
Answer: C
Skill: Understanding
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31) Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria?
A) Vaccination
B) Treating patients
C) Eliminate Anopheles
D) Eliminate the intermediate host
E) None of the above is an effective control.
Answer: A
Skill: Analysis
32) Multinucleated amoebalike cells that produce funguslike spores.
A) Ascomycete
B) Cellular slime mold
C) Euglenozoa
D) Tapeworm
E) Plasmodial slime mold
Answer: E
Skill: Analysis
33) Amoebalike vegetative structures that produce sporangia.
A) Ascomycete
B) Cellular slime mold
C) Euglenozoa
D) Tapeworm
E) Plasmodial slime mold
Answer: B
Skill: Analysis
34) A multicellular organism; the digestive tract has one opening.
A) Ascomycete
B) Cellular slime mold
C) Euglenozoa
D) Tapeworm
E) Plasmodial slime mold
Answer: D
Skill: Analysis
35) A nucleated, unicellular organism; when you change the incubation temperature, it forms filaments with
conidiospores.
A) Ascomycete
B) Cellular slime mold
C) Euglenozoa
D) Tapeworm
E) Plasmodial slime mold
Answer: A
Skill: Analysis
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36) An organism that can grow photoautotrophically in the light and chemoheterotrophically in the dark.
A) Oomycote
B) Cellular slime mold
C) Euglena
D) Phytophthora
E) Plasmodial slime mold
Answer: C
Skill: Analysis
37) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Tick  Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B) Tick  Lyme disease
C) Mosquito  malaria
D) Mosquito  Pneumocystis
E) Mosquito  encephalitis
Answer: D
Skill: Recall
38) Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans?
A) Diatoms
B) Dinoflagellates
C) Green algae
D) Red algae
E) All of the above produce compounds toxic to humans.
Answer: C
Skill: Recall
39) The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because
A) They have organelles.
B) They distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.
C) The large surface can absorb nutrients.
D) They form spores.
E) None of the above.
Answer: B
Skill: Understanding
40) Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, motile
zoospores, and cellulose cell walls. It is most likely a(n)
A) Ascomycete fungus.
B) Green alga.
C) Oomycote alga.
D) Tapeworm.
E) Zygomycete fungus.
Answer: C
Skill: Analysis
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41) If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the
A) Definitive host.
B) Infected host.
C) Intermediate host.
D) Reservoir.
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
Skill: Analysis
42) Ringworm is caused by a(n)
A) Ascomycete.
B) Cestode.
C) Nematode.
D) Protozoan.
E) Trematode.
Answer: A
Skill: Recall
43) Yeast infections are caused by
A) Aspergillus.
B) Candida albicans.
C) Histoplasma.
D) Penicillium.
E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Answer: B
Skill: Recall
44) In a food chain consisting of the following organisms, which acts as a producer?
A) Fungi
B) Lichens
C) Protozoa
D) Slime molds
Answer: B
Skill: Analysis
45) You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea. What is the most likely cause?
A) Cryptosporidium
B) Diatoms
C) Entamoeba
D) Giardia
E) Taenia
Answer: A
Skill: Recall
Essay Questions
1) Provide an explanation for the complex life cycles exhibited by parasitic helminths. Cite specific examples in
your discussion.
Answer:
Skill:
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2) Explain how the presence of algae can indicate either pollution or productivity of a body of water.
Answer:
Skill:
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