AP Chemistry Summer 2016 Assignment
Hello, and welcome to AP Chemistry! I’m Ms. Powell, and I’m looking forward to having you in my class!
Your to-do list before the end of the spring semester:


Check out an AP Chemistry text book
Sign up for Remind so that you can receive communications over the summer, if needed. To sign
up text the message @4ddhe to the phone number 81010.
Your to-do list for the summer:



Review content from first-year chemistry class (major topics listed below), using the provided
list of resources (also below)
Practice problem-solving skills to complete the enclosed practice questions/puzzles listed below.
Note, these questions are not intended to be “quick and easy.” They are intended to make you
think and apply your chemistry knowledge. Feel free to collaborate with other AP Chem
students on them, but make sure you understand everything you are doing. Don’t just try them
before reviewing any content, you probably won’t get very far, and will likely just get frustrated.
 Atomic structure tangram (p. 4-6)
 Nomenclature tangram (p. 7-9)
 Chemical compounds logic puzzle (p. 10)
 Stoichiometry marathon problem (p. 11-12)
 Chemistry of bubbles activity (p. 13-14)
Memorize the included memorization list on p. 15 (sometimes you just have to memorize )
First-year chemistry content to review this summer:





Basics of atomic structure and periodic table (proton/neutrons/electrons, mass number,
isotopes, average atomic mass, energy levels, groups/families, etc.)
Nomenclature (naming) of: covalent, ionic, acid, basic organic (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
Reactions (types and balancing)
Mole conversions and stoichiometry (grams, moles, particles, volume, mole ratios, percent
mass, empirical/molecular formulas)
Gases and gas laws
Resources for reviewing first-year chemistry content:
1. Your textbook, chapters 1-3,10 (more info about textbook below)
2. Khan Academy (focusing primarily on the sections listed below)
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry?t=table-of-contents
a. Atoms, compounds, and ions
b. Chemical reactions and stoichiometry
c. Gases and kinetic molecular theory
3. http://www.sciencegeek.net/APchemistry/index.shtml (has powerpoints on different topics)
4. Collegeboard: https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse/ap-chemistry (has the course/exam
description with an outline of the content you will learn in this class)
5. http://www.chemguy.com/Chemguy/index.html (has videos on different topics)
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
1
How to use your textbook:








Your textbook is more than something to put under your pillow or to weigh down papers! It has
information to read, worked-out problems for you to review, practice problems for you to try,
and so much more…
Take notes when reading. Don’t copy everything down, but try to summarize each section with a
few bullet points or sentences. Take note of bold or italicized portions (typically vocabulary,
formulas, or other important info).
Pay particular attention to pictures and diagrams and their captions. They aren’t just there to
add some color to the page. They add depth to your understanding. For example, in graphs,
notice relationships: are the variables directly proportional, inversely proportional, etc.?
Read through each sample exercise and its solution. These give an example of a question and
show you the thought process that is needed to answer it. After reading the sample exercise, try
to answer the practice exercise on your own and check your work with the provided answer.
The “Chemistry Put to Work” sections show how the chemistry in that section is used in the
“real world” and give you some context for the use of what you’re learning
The “A Closer Look” sections give a more in-depth explanation of a particular piece of content.
They may include important vocabulary or content.
At the end of each chapter, there is a summary, including key terms, key skills, and key
equations. Review over these to see if your notes highlight the most important points in the
chapter. If not, reevaluate how you take notes on your textbook.
Use the practice questions at the end of the chapter to test whether you understand how to
apply the concepts you learned. Use the questions with the numbers in red, since they have
answers at the back of the book, in the section Answers to Selected Exercises beginning on page
A1. The Visualizing Concepts questions are important too, as you should understand how to
read and interpret diagrams and articulate chemical concepts.
How to use Khan Academy:





Khan Academy, like your textbook, has both information and practice questions for you to apply
what you learn
Each topic in Khan Academy starts with a skill check as a pre-assessment, to see what you know.
Start with this to guide you in how to spend your time. Briefly review the things you already
know how to do on the skill check, then focus most of your time on the topics you don’t know
how to do.
The tutorials on Khan Academy are a mixture of videos (with the triangle “Play Button” icon next
to them) and written tutorials (with the piece-of-paper icon next to them). Some of them also
contain practice questions for you to answer (with the star symbols next to them).
The tutorials are usually listed in order of increasing complexity. The skills from the later
tutorials and videos build on the skills from the earlier ones. If you get lost in a tutorial, you may
need to go back and review a previous concept first.
After reviewing over everything in a section, go back to the skill check. See if you can answer the
questions without hints. If not, you may need to continue reviewing those concepts still.
Remember, nothing says Khan Academy should be the only resource you use to review those
skills. Feel free to mix your resources!
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
2
Materials you need to have every day for AP Chemistry:






Binder to organize notes + papers received in class (or you may choose instead to use a
spiral/composition notebook plus a folder for storing papers I give you)
Notebook paper
Lab notebook (yes every day): I’ll recommend a carbon copy lab notebook like
http://www.amazon.com/Student-Lab-Notebook-Spiralduplicate/dp/1930882742/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1463675777&sr=81&keywords=carbon+copy+lab+notebook or http://www.amazon.com/Notebook-CarbonlessPages-Spiral-Perforated/dp/0978534425/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1463675786&sr=82&keywords=carbon+copy+lab+notebook , but you can also use a composition notebook that is
devoted only to AP Chemistry labs and nothing else.
Pencil
Blue/black ink pen
Calculator
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
3
4
Highly reactive, shiny,
malleable
7 Valence
Electrons
Highly reactive group of
nonmetals
Nitrogen
Uranium-238
15 protons,
16 neutrons,
18 electrons
Diatomic; most
abundant gas in
air
P
30 3-
Calcium,
Rubidium, Oxygen,
Nitrogen
*See
Question 2
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
Manganese
Element that is liquid
and not diatomic
Groups 3-10
Average atomic
mass: 183.85amu
Unreactive
Oxygen
Carbon
1s22s22p63s2
3p64s23d10
Calcium
Iodine
Hg
Transition metal
with 5 unpaired
electrons
12 protons
Iodide
8proton,
8 neutrons,
10 electrons
Commonly
forms +2 charge
Sulfur
Krypton
[Ne]3s23p4
Diatomic element
with 6 valence
electrons
Alkali Metals
Charge of -2
*See Question 1
I2
Element with 2
protons
Carbon
Halogens
Chlorine
Zn
Transition
metals
15 protons,
15 neutrons,
18 electrons
Noble gas with
4 energy levels
P
31 3-
Atomic number
74
Bromine
I-
Mg
Instructions: Cut out the16 squares below.
Atomic Structure Tangram
Atomic Structure Tangram Answer
Instruction: Your job is to create a 4x4 square with the 16 pieces, where all touching sides of the square match.
An example of a solved 3x3 square tangram is on the next page, along with some questions you will need to
solve some of the pairs. Please note that for some clues, there are multiple possible matches, but you must get
all sides of each square to match their surrounding squares. fill in your answers on the sheet below, or tape/glue
the squares in place.
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
5
An example of a solved tangram is below on the left. You should also use this to review some basic math
skills and make sure you understand these pairs as well 
Questions:
6.74x103
1+3
6740
4
2
17÷2
d=m/v
3x3
y = m/d
x2 + 1 = 5
0.00627
x = ±2
m=d*v
6.27x10-3
238
92
d=m/v
x(x+y)
2.
What is the name of the
radioactive isotope that is undergoing
alpha decay in the equation below?
8.5
8x2
x2 + xy
1+1
16
6÷3
2
9
1.
What element has 2 isotopes:
one with a mass number of 79 and a
percent abundance of 50.69% and the
other with a mass number of 81 and a
percent abundance of 49.31%?
Favorite Pairs
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
→ 42He+ 234
90Th
3.
Did you solve the puzzle
without solving all the problems?
Check out the pairs you didn’t have to
solve to see if you agree/understand.
Use the table below to identify your
favorite pairs (what made you think,
was fun to solve, interesting, etc.) and
list any questions you still have about
pairs that you don’t understand.
Remember, the point of this is to
learn, so if there are any pairs you
don’t get, make sure you look them up
or list them here.
Questions
6
Nomenclature Tangram
Instructions: Cut out the 16 squares below.
CO
Carbon Dioxide
C2H4
Gold (II)
Nitride
Sodium
Hydroxide
AgNO3
Cesium
Phosphate
Sodium
Sulfite
Hydrobromic
Acid
CaCl2
Au3N2
CO2
HNO3
Carbon
Monoxide
Zn (NO2)2
ClF3
Potassium
Nitrate
CH4
MgBr2
Methane
N2S5
Cs3PO4
Na2SO3
Zinc Nitrite
HBr
Manganese
(II) Sulfide
Phosphoric
Acid
Dinitrogen
Pentasulfide
Sulfuric Acid
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
Ethane
HClO
C2H6
KNO3
Nitric Acid
Al2O3
MnS
Hypochlorous
Acid
Ethene
H3PO4
Barium
Bromide
Magnesium
Bromide
Silver Nitrate
BaBr2
Calcium
Chloride
NaOH
H2SO4
Aluminum
Oxide
Chlorine
Triflouride
7
Nomenclature Structure Tangram Answer
Instruction: Your job is to create a 4x4 square with the 16 pieces, where all touching sides of the square match.
An example of a solved 3x3 square tangram is on the second page. Please note that for some clues, there are
multiple possible matches, but you must get all sides of each square to match their surrounding squares. fill in
your answers on the sheet below, or tape/glue the squares in place.
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
8
An example of a solved tangram is below on the left. You should also use this to review some basic math
skills and make sure you understand these pairs as well 
Questions:
6.74x103
1+3
6740
4
1.
What are the different prefixes
used to name organic compounds?
8x2
2
a.
KClO2____________________
b.
H2SO3____________________
c.
Cu2CO3___________________
17÷2
8.5
2
x2 + xy
1+1
16
6÷3
What is the correct name for:
x(x+y)
2.
y = m/d
x2 + 1 = 5
0.00627
x = ±2
m=d*v
6.27x10-3
3x3
d=m/v
d=m/v
9
Favorite Pairs
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
3.
Did you solve the puzzle
without solving all the problems?
Check out the pairs you didn’t have to
solve to see if you agree/understand.
Use the table below to identify your
favorite pairs (what made you think,
was fun to solve, interesting, etc.) and
list any questions you still have about
pairs that you don’t understand.
Remember, the point of this is to
learn, so if there are any pairs you
don’t get, make sure you look them up
or list them here.
Questions
9
Chemical Compounds Logic Puzzle
You have four beakers, labeled A, B, C, and D. Beaker A contains some amount of hydrochloric acid. Beaker B
contains some amount of calcium chloride. Beaker C contains some amount of carbon dioxide. Beaker D contains
some amount of butane. Each beaker contains a different type of compound (ionic, covalent, organic, or acid). The
moles of the compounds in each beaker is different; one beaker contains 0.5mol of its compound, another
contains 1.0mol of its compound, another contains 1.5mol of its compound, and another contains 2.0mol of its
compound. The mass of the compounds in each beaker is also different; one beaker contains 29g, one beaker
contains 54g, one beaker contains 88g, and one beaker contains 111g. The beaker with the fewest moles is not
necessarily the beaker with the smallest mass and most moles is not necessarily the highest mass. For each of the
four compounds, determine: the name, the formula (e.g. HCl), the type of compound, the moles, and the mass. Put
your answers in the table at the bottom of the page. Each answer should be used only once.
2.0mol
1.5mol
1.0mol
111g
sample
0.5mol
88g sample
54g sample
29g sample
Acid
Organic
Covalent
Ionic
Feel free to use the grid below to help you by placing a check or circle for any boxes that are "true" (meaning those
two things do go together) and an x for any boxes that are "false" (meaning those two things do not go together).
This grid is just for you to do the work if you want to do it in that format; you don’t have to use it.
HCl
CaCl2
CO2
C4H10
0.5mol
1.0mol
1.5mol
2.0mol
29g
54g
88g
111g
Name
Formula
Type of Compound
How Many
Moles
Sample
Mass (g)
Hydrochloric acid
Calcium chloride
Carbon dioxide
Butane
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
10
Stoichiometry Marathon Problem
Lead is a metal that can form two different charges, +2 or +4. When lead makes an ionic compound with
nitrate, it can form either lead (II) nitrate or lead (IV) nitrate, depending on the charge of the lead ion.
1. Write the formula for lead (II) nitrate _______________________
2. Write the formula for lead (IV) nitrate _______________________
Nitrate compounds dissolve well in water. A chemistry student, Micah, weighs out 3.00g of a lead nitrate
sample and dissolves it in water as the first step of a lab to determine the charge of lead in the
compound.
3. Determine how many moles of lead (II) nitrate are in 3.00g of lead (II) nitrate.
4. Determine how many moles of lead (IV) nitrate in 3.00g of lead (IV) nitrate.
The next step in Micah’s process is to react the lead nitrate solution with a solution of excess sodium
hydroxide. This reaction forms a lead hydroxide precipitate (solid).
5. If the lead compounds all have Pb2+, write out the balanced double replacement reaction
between lead (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide to form lead (II) hydroxide (a solid) and sodium
nitrate (remains dissolved).
6. If the lead compounds all have Pb4+, write out the balanced double replacement reaction
between lead (IV) nitrate and sodium hydroxide to form lead (IV) hydroxide (a solid) and sodium
nitrate (remains dissolved).
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
11
After reacting these two solutions, all of the lead ions have been precipitated (formed a solid) with the
hydroxide. Micah uses a filter to purify (separate) lead hydroxide compound and dries it to remove any
water, then finds the mass of the pure lead hydroxide compound to be 2.11g.
7.
If the original compound was lead (II) nitrate, use stoichiometry and the balanced reaction from
question 5 to predict the mass of lead (II) hydroxide that could be formed from 3.00g of lead (II)
nitrate.
8. If the original compound was lead (IV) nitrate, use stoichiometry and the balanced reaction from
question 6 to predict the mass of lead (IV) hydroxide that could be formed from 3.00g of lead
(IV) nitrate.
9. Based on Micah’s data, determine whether the original compound was most likely lead (II)
nitrate or lead (IV) nitrate. Explain your choice and calculate the percent yield in this
experiment.
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
12
Celebrating the Chemistry of Bubbles!
To complete this activity, you will need:



Baking soda
Vinegar
Ziploc bags


Teaspoon measure
Measuring cup


The Weather Channel
(website)
Thermostat or
thermometer
Background Info:

The chemical formula for baking soda is NaHCO3. Use your polyatomic ion sheet to name this
compound. __________________
 The chemical formula for the active ingredient in vinegar is HC2H3O2 or CH3COOH. Use your
polyatomic ion sheet and p. 64 and Figure 2.28 in your textbook to name this compound.
 Here’s the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place between baking soda and
vinegar:
NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq)  NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
 Using your formula sheet, find the box on Gases, Liquids, and Solutions and the symbols and
constants in the box beside it. Record the following formulas/conversions:
o Ideal Gas Law:
o Ideal Gas Law Constant (include units – choose the one with atm):
o Conversion of mmHg to atm:
o Conversion of C to Kelvin:
o Molarity, M =
Try this:
Volume of bag
1. Measure and record the VOLUME of whatever size Ziploc bag you choose.
(and thus the gas)
[Hint: Fill your bag with water then pour into a measuring cup. Convert from
cups to mL and then to L.
(½ cup = 120 mL)].
Barometric
2. Record barometric PRESSURE for that day - look up on the weather channel
Pressure (and thus
website (they usually measure in inches of Hg, so you’ll have to convert from approximate
pressure of gas)
inches to mm [25.4 mm = 1 in] and then to atm. (see your formula from
background info).
3. Record the TEMPERATURE – look on your indoor thermostat (or estimate) in
Temperature
Celsius and convert to Kelvin (see your formula from background info).
4. Now you’re ready to play!
Amount of
o Vary the amount of baking soda and vinegar you mix together in the bag NaHCO
3
in order to inflate it all the way without blowing it up. (It’s usually easier
Amount of vinegar
to put the vinegar in first and then the baking soda – just try to seal the
bag as fast as you can.)
Amount of
o Once you get the right mix, do your measuring and recording.
HC2H3O2
5. Record how much baking soda you used [1 tsp of baking soda = 6.80 g]).
_________ tsp
Show work and answer for conversion to grams here and record answer in table:
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
L
atm
K
g
L
mol
13
6. Record the volume of vinegar you used [1/4 cup vinegar = 60 mL])). _________ cup
Show work and answer for conversion to Liters here and record answer in table:
7. Calculate how many moles of HC2H3O2 you used using your molarity formula from background info.
(Note: the molarity of vinegar is 0.833M.) Show work and answer here and record answer in table:
8. Using chemical formulas, the periodic tables, and stoichiometry, calculate the moles of carbon dioxide
you can make from the amount of vinegar and baking soda you used. (Note: this is a limiting reactant
problem.) Your answer will be your theoretical yield.
Show all work here:
9. Using the Ideal Gas Law, calculate the # of moles of carbon dioxide from the volume, pressure, and
temperature above. This answer will be your actual yield.
Show all work here:
10. Calculate your % yield. If you don’t know the formula, look it up – it’s easy to find.
Show all work here:
Reflection:
1. This activity reviewed the concept of gas laws, solutions, stoichiometry, and conversions while making
you make connections to the world around you (i.e. your kitchen, the Weather Channel, etc). Write a 3-5
sentence paragraph discussing these concepts and what you learned through this activity or how you
saw new connections in chemistry.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Draw a picture of what is left in the Ziploc bag after the reaction is done? Fill in LOTS of details.
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
14
You must memorize the following information:
1. SI base units and prefixes
2. Solubility Rules: all group I metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, etc), ammonium, and nitrate salts are
soluble in water.
3. Element Names & Symbols (Elements 1 to 38 and Y, Zr, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, W, Pt, Au, Hg,
Pb, Rn, Fr, Ra, U, and Th). Please note that the periodic table on the AP exam (and on all of the exams
we will take in AP Chemistry) has only symbols, no names.
4. Monatomic Ions
a. Ions with (usually) one oxidation state:
Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+
N3-, O2-, S2-, F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
5. Polyatomic Ions: you should know the name, the formula, and the charge.
C2H3O2-
-1
(or CH3CO2-)
-2
SO42-
sulfate
acetate
NO3- nitrate
SO32- sulfite
NO2 nitrite
CO32- carbonate
CN cyanide
C2O42- oxalate
SCN- thiocyanate
CrO42- chromate
MnO4 permanganate
Cr2O72- dichromate
OH- hydroxide
O22- peroxide
HSO4 bisulfate
HPO42- hydrogen phosphate
HCO3- bicarbonate
H2PO4- dihydrogen
phosphate
ClO4- perchlorate *
ClO3- chlorate *
ClO2- chlorite *
ClO- hypochlorite *
* Br, I and F may be substituted
PO43-
-3
phosphate
+1
NH4+ ammonium
Have a great summer!
Ms. Powell
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2016-2017
15