SOME NOTABLE
WOMEN IN
ANESTHESIA IN
CANADA
Joanne Douglas
Vancouver, BC
DISCLOSURE
l Nothing
to disclose in relation to this
presentation
l Except, side tracked e.g. James
Barry – Canada 1831
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
¢ Limited
¢ Contradicting
¢ Fascinating
TIME LINE
¢ 1846
Morton administered ether Mass
Gen’l
¢ 1849 -1st to graduate in N. Am, –
Elizabeth Blackwell –Geneva Medical
College, NY
CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN
Denied admission to medical school
¢ 1868 – Emily Stowe –1st to practice
medicine in Canada (Toronto) (was
denied admission 1852) – established
Women’s College Hospital 1883
¢ 1875 Jenny Kidd Trout 1st Canadian
woman licensed to practice medicine
¢ 1880 – license granted to Emily Stowe
¢
CHALLENGES
¢ Prior
to 1879
— No Ontario med. school would accept
women
— CPS of Ontario refused to license women
physicians until about 1880
¢ 1883 – 1st woman in Canada – Anne
Augusta Stowe-Gullen – Victoria College
Cobourg
QUEBEC
¢ 1891:
Octavia Grace England – 1st
woman medical school graduate
¢ 1st woman doctor – Irma LeVasseur
¢ Unable to attend med. school Canada
¢ 1900 – law passed to allow her to
practice
¢ Founded Ste Justine Hospital with
Mme. De Gaspe-Beaubien
CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN
¢ 1881:
Dalhousie passed a regulation
allowing women to be admitted to
medical school
¢ 1894: 1st female graduate– Anna
Isabella Hamilton
¢ Many of the women entered medical
school late 30s or 40s – worked as
teachers to earn sufficient $$
OTHER CHALLENGES
¢ Internship
¢ Victoria
Sarah Ernst, 1900 was told
“Very well but you’ll have to sleep
with the other interns”
¢ Many eventually allowed to practice
¢ Many, as part of their practice,
provided anesthesia or taught their
hired girl to provide it for them
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
CANADIAN ANESTHESIA
¢ 1899
– Dr. Hutton appointed
honorary anaesthetist to Winnipeg
General Hospital
¢ 1920-Canadian Society of
Anaesthetists founded
¢ 1928: absorbed into CMA, section of
anaesthesia
¢ 1943 -CAS founded
¢ 1994 Dr. Enright became president
WOMEN & ANESTHESIA
¢4
women
¢ Cover a range of time periods
¢ Margaret McCallum Johnston, Enid
Johnson MacLeod, Kay Belton, Jean
Hugill
MARGARET MCCALLUM
JOHNSTON
¢ 1900-MD,
CM - University of Trinity
College
¢ 1st woman intern Canadian hospital
(HSC)
¢ 1903-1911 Staff – Dispensary (precursor
WCH)
¢ 1911-1930 Staff WCH
¢ Served as Chief Anaesthetist of WCH
¢ Married:
Dr. Samuel Johnston
¢ 1907-1st physician in Canada to give
up general practice and go into the
specialty of anesthesia
¢ 1920 - 1st president of CSA
ENID JOHNSON MCLEOD
WHO WAS ENID JOHNSON
MACLEOD?
l Most
of us know her as the resident
who worked with Harold Griffith on
research into curare - 1942
l Graduated from Dalhousie in 1937
l Had difficulty finding a residency
l Dr. Griffith gave her the opportunity
¢ 1948:
moved to Dartmouth – gave up
anesthesia
¢ Offered a position in Department of
Physiology at Dalhousie
¢ Ultimately named Professor
Emeritus and received an honorary
LLD from Dalhousie in 1985
¢ Asked
to write the book for a
celebration of the enrolment of the
1st women in medicine at Dalhousie
THE MCGILL CONNECTION
DR. KAY BELTON
¢ Close
collaborator Dr. Digby Leigh
¢ 1948: co-authored Pediatric
Anesthesiology – 1st text devoted to
problems of anesthesia in children
¢ Editor: CSA Bulletin
¢ 1974 – co-edited the silver anniversary
commemorative issue CJA dedicated to
memory of Arthur Guedel
DR. JEAN TEMPLETON
HUGILL
DR. JEAN TEMPLETON
HUGILL
¢ 1946
- MD – U of A
¢ RCAMC– private 1943, Lt-Capt 1946
¢ 1946-1949; McGill Diploma Course
Anesthesia (Bourne, Griffiths, Leigh,
Dept of Anesth formed 1945)
¢ 1950 - Diploma Anesthesia McGill
¢ 1950 - Certified Anesthesia RCPSC
DR. JEAN HUGILL
¢ Publications
— Anaesthetic
management of
pheochromocytoma – CASJ
1966;13:598
— Liver function and anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 1950;11:567 (essay
requirements of diploma course in
Anesthesia – McGill University)
¢ 1950:
Staff - VGH
¢ 1973-1976: Director, Obstetrical
Anesthesia
¢ 1975: FRCPC
¢ Philanthropist
¢ Donated in excess of $1.2 million to
further pain management & anesthesia
research at UBC and UofA.
¢ Establishment of the Jean Templeton
Hugill Chair in Anesthesia at UBC
THANKS
l Dr.
Jean Kronberg
l Librarians
l UBC Department of Anesthesia
l Chroniclers e.g. Drs. Joan Bevan, David
Sheppard, Robert Byrick, Enid Johnson
McLeod, Alan Conn
l Staff & Website CAS