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All Organic molecules
contain CARBON and
HYDROGEN.
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Carbon:
•Forms
4 covalent
bonds
•Bonds with a wide
variety of other
elements
•Can form single,
double, and triple
bonds
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Carbon
is the
“skeleton” or
“backbone” for
organic molecules.
Carbon
molecules
come in many
different shapes.
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Biomolecules
are
organic molecules
that make up
living things.
Most
biomolecules are
large and called
macromolecules.
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
4 Types of Biomolecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
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Small molecules
known as
monomers or
building blocks
are covalently
bonded together
to form large
polymers or
macromolecules
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 Monomers
+ Monomers +
 Monomers + . . . =
Polymers
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
Involved in the formation and breakage of
bonds between monomers
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-Removal of water to form a
covalent bond between monomers
Remove
H
H2O Forms
Remove OH
The diagram above joins two sugar
monomers to make a double sugar
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
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-Using water to break bonds between
monomers.
-Water is added in this process
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Dehydration synthesis =
BUILDING a molecule
Lose water
Ex. Joining AA together to build more muscle fiber
Hydrolysis =
BREAKING down a molecule
Add water
Ex. Digesting food
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
are ALL made and broken by these two processes.
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