al
et
m
on
10,811
2.0
[He] 2s2 2p1
N
Boron
B
N
on
m
et
al
Bo
ro
is
“b de
ur riv
ah ed
” r fr
ef om
er
rin th
g eP
to er
bo sia
ra n
x.
n
Black-brown Boron
5
Borosilicate
glassware
Solid
Pure boron is not
found naturally; but
as a compound in
tourmaline, borax
and kernite.
Used in laboratory
glass ware.
al
et
m
on
rb
Ca
is
“c de
ca ha riv
m me rbo ed
ea f ne fr
ni ro ”, om
ng m w t
“c La hic he
ha tin h Fr
rc “ in en
oa ca tu ch
l” rb rn ,
N
. o”
on
,
Carbon
Rough Diamond
al
et
m
12,011
2.5
[He] 2s2 2p2
on
C
N
Graphite
6
Solid
Hard as diamonds,
soft as graphite.
Carbon is the basis
of life's organic
molecules.
al
et
m
on
N
Nitrogen
14,007
3,15
[He] 2s2 2p3
N
itr
og
is
“n de
“n itr riv
fo itr ogè ed
rm um n fro
/b -g e” m
eg e an th
et ne d e
na s”, the Fr
tiv m L en
e- ea ati ch
so ni n
N
da ng
on
”. “I
m
en
Liquid Nitrogen
N
7
et
al
Gas
Vial of
glowing
nitrogen
It is colourless; a
liquid at -196 °C and
makes up 78% of air.
It is found in protein,
muscles, fertiliser,
DNA, explosives.
al
et
m
on
N
Oxygen
15,999
3,5
[He] 2s2 2p4
O
xy
ge
is
“o de
“b xy riv
be rin ge ed
co lie g f ino fro
m ve or m m
po d th ai th
ne to ac ”, e G
nt be id me r
of an ”; an eek
ac es it w ing
id se a
N
s. nt s
on
ia
l
m
n
Liquid Oxygen
O
8
et
al
Gas
Water (H2O) is the
most familiar oxygen
compound.
Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas;
pale blue liquid at
-183°C; 21% of air.
Highly reactive, vital
for combustion.
Si
al
et
m
lic
is
“s de
“f ile riv
lin x” ed
t” or fr
, a “ om
ki sili th
nd ci e
of s”, La
sto me tin
ne an
N
. ing
on
on
Silicon rod
on
28,086
1,7
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
N
Silicon
Si
14
m
et
al
Solid
Silicon wafer
with mirror finish
It is the second most
abundant element
(25.7%) on Earth.
Found as silicon
oxides in dust, sand,
rock crystal, flint.
al
et
m
on
30,974
2,1
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
os
ph
is
“p na
“" ho me
lig s” d
ht + aft
be “-p er
ar ho the
er ro G
”. s r
”, ee
m k
ea
N
ni
on
ng
m
or
us
yellow and red
P
15
N
Phosphorus
Phosphorus,
et
al
Ph
Solid
Match
White or red. Found
in nervous tissue,
bones, cell protoplasm. Used in fireworks, fertilizers,
matches, detergents.
al
al
et
m
Su
lfu
is
“s na
th ufr me
na e b a” d a
tu rig m fte
ra h ea r
lly t c ni th
oc olo ng e A
cu ur ye ra
rri of llo bic
ng th w,
N
el e fo
on
r
em
en
m
t.
et
r
Sulfur
on
32,066
2,4
[Ne] 3s2 3p4
N
Sulfur
S
16
Epsom salts
Solid
Pale yellow, odourless and brittle. It is
found in volcanoes,
hot springs, and in
galena, gypsum,
Epsom salts, barite.
al
et
m
on
74,922
2,2
[Ar] 3d104s24p4
N
Arsenic
As
A
rs
en
ic
is
“a na
fro rse me
w m nik d a
pi ord th on fte
gm m e S ”, r
en ea yr tha the
t” nin iac t w Gr
.
g an a ee
“y d s a k
el Pe da
lo r p
N
w sia te
on
n d
Arsenic Crystals
33
m
et
al
Solid
Grey and toxic.
Semiconductor wafers
Used in semiconductor devices, as
wood preservative,
in weed killers and
in medication.
al
et
m
on
N
Selenium
78,96
2,5
[Ar] 4d104s24p4
Se
le
ni
d
“S eriv
al ele es
so n fr
m e”, om
oo m t
n- ea he
go ni G
dd ng ree
es “M k,
sS o
N
el on
on
en ”,
e.
m
um
Native Selenium
Se
34
et
al
Solid
Black, gray, and red
allotropes.
Used in photocopiers, robotics and
light meters.
Selenium rectifiers
al
et
m
on
N
Tellurium
127,6
2,0
[Ar] 4d104s25p4
Te
l
lu
d
“T eriv
el es
lu fr
s” o
,m m
ea the
ni L
ng at
“E in
ar
N
th
on
”.
m
riu
m
Tellurium
Te
34
et
al
Solid
Brittle, mildly toxic,
silver-white grey.
CdTe PV Array
Used in vulcanization of rubber, metal
alloys; bonds with
gold.