Name:__________________________ Period:_____ DUE Date: Friday, March 21, 2014
HW 5.5: Gene Expression
(Transcription and Translation)
1. Circle one: DNA (replication / transcription) is the process where DNA copies itself before dividing to make new cells. 2. Circle one: It occurs (before / after) mitosis. 3. ___________________ are the building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids. 4. _____________________________ is the process by which DNA is made into RNA. 5. ___________________ is the genetic molecule that carries the message from DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 6. . Label the diagram below using the terms: cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, gene 7. What is a gene? 8. Where in the cell are chromosomes located? 9. What is the shape of DNA called? 10. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a ___________________________ group, a ______________________________ (sugar), and a nitrogen-­‐
containing ____________. 11. What sugar is found in DNA? 12. What sugar is found in RNA? 13. What are the base pairing rules for DNA and RNA? 14. Why is mRNA important? 15. What process makes mRNA? 16. Where does this process take place in the cell? 17. True or False: mRNA is double-­‐stranded. 18. How many different bases are in DNA? What are they? 19. If the DNA strand is TTA-­‐CCC-­‐GCT-­‐ATT, what will the mRNA strand be? HSA Questions: 20. The nucleotide base sequence of a strand of DNA is TAC-­‐CGG-­‐AGT. What is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand? A. TAC-­‐CGG-­‐AGT B. ACT-­‐GAA-­‐CGA C. AGT-­‐TCC-­‐TAC D. ATG-­‐GCC-­‐TCA 21. The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm? A. a ribosome B. DNA C. RNA D. an amino acid 22. Hemoglobin is an important protein in red blood cells. The DNA code for hemoglobin contains the following segment: TGC-­‐GGA-­‐CTC-­‐CTC Which of these is the messenger RNA code for this segment of DNA? A ACG-­‐CCT-­‐GAA-­‐GAA B TCC-­‐GGT-­‐CTC-­‐CTC C ACG-­‐CCU-­‐GAG-­‐GAG D UGC-­‐GGA-­‐CUC-­‐CUC 23. Which RNA sequence is produced using the DNA sequence AGC-­‐TAC-­‐ACT? F UCG-­‐AUG-­‐UGA G UCG-­‐UAC-­‐ACU H TCG-­‐ATG-­‐TGA J AGC-­‐UAC-­‐ACU 24. Create a strand of DNA that is 12 nucleotides long: DNA strand: _______________________________________________________ 25. What would the complementary DNA strand be? Complementary DNA strand: _______________________________________________________ 26. What would the mRNA strand be after transcription? mRNA strand: _______________________________________________________ Translation
Compare tRNA and mRNA by completing the Venn Diagram using the following words: Made in the Nucleus Contains Uracil Single-­‐Stranded Contains Codons
Contains Anticodons Involved in Transcription Involved in Translation
Has an amino acid Contains Sugar and Phosphate Groups tRNA mRNA 1. Circle the codons in the RNA sequence here: A C G A G C U C A G A C 2. Which molecule CONTAINS the codons? _____________________________________________ 3. What process makes this molecule? ________________________________________________ 4. What do the codons code for? ____________________________________________________ 5. Which molecule READS the codons? ________________________________________________ 6. What process involves reading the codons? _________________________________________ 7. What is created through this process? _____________________________________________ 8. What do these macromolecules give us? ____________________________________________ 9. Why are there start and stop codons? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Write the complimentary tRNA anticodon for the following mRNA codons: UAG CGA CGG GAU CAA AUG 11. Which amino acid does UAC code for? _________________ 12. CAG? _____________ 13. AGG? _____________ 14. GAU? _____________ 15. UUU? _____________ 16. AUG? _____________ 17. GCC? _____________ 18. List all of the codons for Isoleucine: _______________________________________ 19. What is this process called (when a mRNA codon is used to code for a specific amino acid) 20. Where in the cell does this process take place? 21. Given the following DNA code, how would this segment be transcribed into mRNA? **Hint: Only the bottom strand of the DNA needs to be transcribed. DNA: A T G G G C T A T G A G G G A A G T T A A T A C C C G A T A C T C C C T T C A A T T mRNA: _______________________________________________ 22. Circle the codons in the mRNA strand. How many codons are there? ___________ 23. Then, look at your codon chart. Write down the amino acids coded for in the mRNA strand. Acid Sequence: ___________________________________________ 24. How many amino acids are in your protein chain? ________ 25. DNA: A T G G G C T C T A G A G G G A A G T A C T A A T A C C C G A G A T C T C C C T T C A T G A T T mRNA sequence: ______________________________________________________________ Amino acid sequence: _______________________________________________________________ 26. What if the segment of DNA has a wrong nucleotide? (NOTICE: this DNA sequence is exactly the same as #20 above, except the first T in the bottom strand has been substituted with an A.) DNA: A T G G G C T A T G A G G G A A G T T A A A A C C C G A T A C T C C C T T C A A T T mRNA sequence: ______________________________________________________________ Amino acid sequence: ________________________________________________________ 27. Compare this amino acid sequence to the one you made in #22. How are they different? 28. How do you think this change could affect the individual? Would you be able to notice a difference?