P1 Topic 4 Waves FACT SHEET
Types of wave
1. What do waves transfer? (1)
2. Name 2 types of wave (2)
3. Give an example of a transverse wave (1)
4. Give an example of a longitudinal wave (1)
5. Give an example of waves which can be transverse or longitudinal
(1)
6. What do the arrows on the diagram show? (1)
A
B
7. Areas where particles are squashed together in a longitudinal wave
are called…. (1)
8. Areas where particles are spread out in a longitudinal wave are
called…. (1)
9. Describe the oscillations in a transverse wave (1)
10. Describe the oscillations in a longitudinal wave (1)
11. What do we call the number of waves per second? (1)
12. What are the units for frequency? (1)
The electromagnetic spectrum
13. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same ……. in a vacuum (e.g.
space) (1)
14. Write the names of the types of radiation which make up the EM
Spectrum in order, starting with the one with the longest to
wavelength [7]
15. Write the names of the types of radiation which make up the EM
Spectrum in order, starting with the one with the lowest frequency
[7]
Energy
transverse
longitudinal
Light, any wave on the
electromagnetic spectrum
Sound
Mechanical waves
A= wavelength
B = amplitude
compressions
rarefactions
Perpendicular to the direction of
energy transfer
Parallel to the direction of energy
transfer
frequency
Hertz/ Hz
Speed
o
radio waves
o
microwaves
o
infra-red radiation
o
visible light
o
ultraviolet
o
x-rays
o
gamma rays
(Red Martians Invade Venus Using
Xray Guns)
o radio waves
o microwaves
o infra-red radiation
o visible light
o ultraviolet
o x-rays
o gamma rays
16. Write the names of the types of radiation which make up the EM
Spectrum in order, starting with the one with the lest energy [7]
17. Give 2 ways radio waves are used in communication (2)
18. Give 2 ways microwaves are used in communication (2)
19. Give 1 way infrared waves are used in communication (1)
20. Give 2 ways visible light is used in communication (1)
Sound
21. What do sound waves cause? (1)
22. What determines the pitch of a sound? (1)
23. What determines the loudness of a sound? (1)
24. What are reflections of sound? (1)
Properties of waves
25. What it is called when waves appear to bend? (1)
o radio waves
o microwaves
o infra-red radiation
o visible light
o ultraviolet
o x-rays
o gamma rays
Radios and TVs
Mobile phone and satellite TV
Remote controls
Photos, traffic lights, Morse code
vibrations
Frequency
Amplitude
Echoes
Refraction
26. What does this diagram show? (1)
Reflection
27. What does this diagram show? (1)
diffraction
28. What does this diagram show? (1)
refraction
29. What does the dashed line on this diagram show? (1)
the normal
30. The angle of incidence is …….. to the angle of reflection (1)
31. When does refraction not happen? (1)
32. State 3 properties of the image produced in a mirror (3)
Equal
When the wave travels along the
normal
Virtual, upright, laterally inverted
(‘backwards’)
Red Shift and Doppler Effect
33. Give 2 ways a sound seems to change as the sound moves away
from you
34. Give 2 ways a sound seems to change as the sound moves towards
you
35. What happens to the observed wave length when a sound moves
away from you? (1)
36. Changes to the pitch of a sound as it moves towards and away from
you are due to the…… effect
37. What happens to the observed frequency when a sound moves
away from you? (1)
38. What happens to the observed wave length when a sound moves
towards you? (1)
39. What happens to the observed frequency when a sound moves
towards you? (1)
40. Which galaxies are moving the fastest? (1)
41. Changes in the wavelengths of light we see from galaxies are due to
the…. (1)
42. Galaxies further away have a ……. increase in observed wavelength
(1)
43. Name the theory for the start of the universe (1)
44. What is CMBR? (1)
45. Where did CMBR come from (1)?
Quieter
Lower pitch
Louder
Higher pitch
Increases
Doppler
Decreases
Decreases
Increases
The ones furthest away
Red shift
bigger
The Big Bang
Cosmic microwave background
radiation
Radiation that was present just
after the Big Bang
46. Which is the only theory that currently explains the existence of
Big Bang
CMBR? (1)
Skills section – use the formula sheet. You can use a calculator. Do NOT learn the answers to these as
facts – you need to learn and practise HOW to do them
v = f x λ (v is speed, f is frequency and λ is wavelength)
47. A wave has a wavelength of 3m and a frequency of 10Hz. Calculate
the speed of the wave (2)
48. A wave has a wavelength of 50m and a frequency of 100Hz.
Calculate the speed of the wave (2)
49. A wave has a frequency of 70Hz and a wavelength of 3m. Calculate
its speed
50. A wave has a frequency of 800Hz and a wavelength of 0.5m.
Calculate its speed
10 x 3 = 30
m/s
100 x 50 = 5000
m/s
70 x 3 = 210
m/s
800 x 0.5
m/s