Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Восточно-Сибирский государственный
технологический университет
Английский язык
Методические указания и контрольные задания по
английскому языку № 1
для студентов заочного факультета
всех специальностей
Составитель Очирова М. И.
Издательство ВСГТУ
Улан-Удэ 2003
Инструкции к выполнению контрольных заданий.
Контрольные задания № 1 составлены в пяти вариантах и
выполняются в соответствии с последней цифрой зачетной
книжки студента. Если последняя цифра вашей зачетной
книжки оканчивается 1 - 2, Вы выполняете вариант 1; 3 - 4 вариант 2; 5 - 6 - вариант 3; 7 - 8 - вариант 4; 9 - 0 -вариант 5.
Выполняйте контрольные задания в отдельной тетради.
На обложке напишите свою фамилию, номер контрольной
работы и шифр.
Материал контрольных заданий следует располагать в
тетради по следующему образцу:
Поля
Левая страница
Английский текст
Правая страница
Русский текст
Если контрольные задания выполнены без соблюдения
указаний и не полностью, то они возвращаются обратно
студенту без проверки.
Требования на зачете и экзамене.
Зачет. К зачету допускаются студенты, выполнившие
контрольные работы и прошедшие собеседование по данным
контрольным работам.
Для получения зачета студент должен уметь:
а) прочитать со словарем незнакомый текст на английском
языке, содержащий изученный грамматический материал.
Форма проверки - письменный или устный перевод.
Поля
Норма перевода 600-800 п.з. за 60 мин. письменно или
1000 - 1200 п.з. за 60 мин. устно.
б) прочитать без словаря текст, содержащий изученный
грамматический материал и 5-8 незнакомых слов на 500-600
п.з.
Форма проверки понимания - передача содержания
прочитанного на русском языке. Время подготовки 8-10
минут.
Экзамен. К экзамену допускаются студенты, имеющие
зачет за I курс, и выполнившие контрольные работы за II курс
и прошедшие собеседование по контрольным работам. На
экзамене проверяются умения:
а) читать со словарем текст по специальности.
Форма проверки понимания - письменный перевод.
Норма перевода 1000 п.з. за 60 мин.;
б) читать без словаря текст, содержащий изученный
грамматический материал и 5-8 незнакомых слов на 600-800
п.з.
Форма проверки понимания - передача содержания
прочитанного на русском языке. Время подготовки 8-10
минут.
Контрольное задание 1
Для правильного выполнения задания необходимо усвоить
следующие разделы курса английского языка.
1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и
предлоги как показатели имени существительного.
Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные.
2. Имя
существительное.
Степени
сравнения
прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more... the less.
3. Числительные.
4. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные; вопросительные,
неопределенные, отрицательные.
5. Времена в группах Simple, Progressive и Perfect:
a) Present, Past, Future Simple
b) Present, Past Progressive
с) Present Perfect в действительном залоге.
Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past, Future
Simple.
Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.
6. Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок
слов повествовательного предложения в утвердительной
и отрицательной формах; порядок слов вопросительного
предложения. Оборот there is (are).
Приложение к контрольным заданиям 1 даны в виде
текстов А и В и рекомендуются для аудиторной работы.
Тексты раздела А нацелены на развитие умений чтения
научно-популярных
и
страноведческих
текстов
и
активизацию грамматического и лексического материала,
предусмотренного в контрольных заданиях №1.
Основная задача работы над текстами раздела В - это
достижение понимания основных фактов, содержащихся в
текстах. При отборе текстового материала учитывалась их
аутентичность, информационная ценность и актуальность.
Вариант 1
I. Перепишите следующие слова и определите, где
необходимо и помощью словаря, какие из них являются:
a) глаголами - поставьте напротив слона знак V
b) не являются глаголами - поставьте знак X
c) являются и глаголом и существительным - поставьте
знак VV
1. lecture
2. treat
3. name
4. musician
5. act
6. paint
7. instruct
8. invent
9. experiment
10. speak
11. select
12. apparatus
13. infancy
14. result
15. honour
16. access
17. practice
18. interest
19. study
20. work
11. Перепишите следующие предложения, дайте полную
форму
сокращенного
«s»
(is, has), переведите
предложения на русский язык.
Образец
1. My father's just come - My father has just come.
2. He's forty years old. He is forty years old.
3. She's got two sisters and one brother.
She has got two sisters and one brother.
4. He's not wearing his glasses today.
He is not wearing his glasses today.
1.
2.
3.
She’s 21.
It’s late.
He’s got blue eyes.
4. Peter's just come.
5. She's wearing a new dress today.
III. Выберите соответствующее местоимение из двух,
приведенных в скобках, заполните им пропуск,
переведите предложения на русский язык.
Образец
1. 1 saw... in the library yesterday (him, his). I
saw him in the library yesterday.
2. There was... in the room (anybody, nobody).
There was nobody in the room.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They offered their seats to you and ... (me, I),
John is working hard to improve ... handwriting (him, his).
I think there is ... at the door (anybody, somebody).
The director's ideas are very different from... (their, theirs).
She wants to know... is giving the party (who, whom).
IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения,
подчеркните в них разные формы сравнения.
1. Не is earning less money than he was ten years ago.
2. In USA, soccer is as popular as tennis.
3. Of all the children in the kindergarten, Charles is the most
active.
4. The harder a person studies, the more he learns.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и заполните
пропуски,
употребив
глаголы
в
скобках
в
соответствующем времени. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
Образец:
1. The Sun... (rises, is rising) in the East. The Sun rises in
the East.
2. Where... he... (live)? Where does he live?
3. When I... home my mother ... dinner (come, cook).
When I came home my mother was cooking dinner.
4. Oh, David... (came, has come)! Let us begin the
rehearsal!
Oh, David has come! Let us begin the rehearsal!
a) в Present Simple или Present Progressive
1. My father always ... (make) Sunday dinner.
2. Where ... your sister ... (work)?
3. I often ... (take) my dog for a walk.
4. What… you … (do)? I ... (write) a letter to my pen-friend in
Britain.
b) в Past Simple, Past Progressive или Present Perfect
1. He ... (meet) his wife when they ... (live) in Washington.
2. When I... (see) John he ... (walk) down the road.
3. «I... (bring) some flowers for you». «Oh, thank you».
4. It... (rain) when I... (get up) this morning.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите
их, обращая внимание на способы выражения будущего
времени. Подчеркните сказуемые.
1. Tomorrow will be warm and sunny.
2. I'm going to travel round the world,
3. She's working next Saturday.
VII. Прочтите текст, чтобы понять, о каких изобретениях
А.Белла говорится в нем. Перепишите и письменно
переведите 3 и 4 абзацы.
Alexander Graham Bell
1. Alexander Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh. Bell's
father, Alexander Melville Bell, gained a worldwide
reputation as a teacher of correct speech and lecturer on
elocution. His grand lather, for whom he was named, was a
well-known elocutionist and actor. He developed a
considerable practice in the treatment of speech defects.
2. His mother was a musician as well as a portrait painter, and
her son was born with such a talent for music that from
infancy he could play by ear and improvise at the piano.
When he was about twelve years old, his mother lost her
hearing; and there is little doubt that this misfortune
intensified his sympathy for the deaf and his lifelong interest
in helping to alleviate their difficulties in communicating.
3. In July 1870, the Bells sailed for Canada. Two years later A.
Bell was in Boston, where he set up a school for training
teachers of the deaf and he also gave instructions in the
mechanics of speech. He became a professor of vocal
physiology at Boston University and was invited to speak
before select groups interested in scientific matters. Further
more it gave him access to experimental apparatus at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and he began the
electrical experiments which resulted in his invention of the
telephone on March 10, 1876.
4. Among the many honours that came to Bell as a result of his
invention of the telephone was the Volta Prize awarded by the
French government in 1880.
5. He also delivered a series of lectures at Oxford University on
his work with the deaf which won him an honourary degree
from Oxford.
Notes to the text:
1. Alexander Graham Bell - Александр Грейам Белл
2. elocution - ораторское искусство
3. alleviate (difficulties) - облегчать страдания,
трудности.
VII. Прочтите еще раз 2 абзац и укажите, какой из двух
предложенных вариантов краткой передачи содержания
абзаца соответствует изложенным фактам.
a) There is little doubt that the misfortune with A. Bell's mother
intensified his desire to help the deaf.
b) His life long interest was improvising at the piano, because he
was born with great talent for music.
Вариант 2
I. Перепишите следующие слова и определите» где
необходимо с помощью словаря, какие из них являются:
а) глаголами - поставьте напротив слова знак V
b) не являются глаголами - поставьте знак X
c) являются и глаголом и существительным – поставьте
знак VV
1. work
2. excite
3.invent
4. design
5. electrify
6. company
7. apply
8. supply
9. adventure
10.use
11. benefit
12. improve
13. develop
14. equip
15.change
16. adventure
17. experimental
18. mechanics
19. instrument
20.train
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, дайте полную
форму сокращенного «s» (is, has) и переведите
предложения на русский язык.
Образец
1. My father's just come - My father has just come.
2. He's forty yeans old. He is forty years old.
3. She's got two sisters and one brother.
She has got two sisters and one brother.
4. He's not wearing his glasses today.
He is not wearing his glasses today.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
He's hungry.
She's got two brothers.
My friend's gone to London.
It's cold outdoors. Put on your warm coat.
My mother’s cooking dinner now.
III. Выберите соответствующее местоимение из двух,
приведенных в скобках, заполните им пропуск,
переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
Образец:
There is ... (somebody, nobody) in the room. It is empty. There is
nobody in the room. It is empty.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have you got... to eat? (anything, nothing).
The President... wrote me a letter (he, himself).
No one except... has any money (me, I)
He met... parents at the station (him, his).
These magazines are not... (our, ours).
IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения.
Подчеркните в них разные формы сравнения.
1. The best whisky comes from Scotland.
2. The population of Mexico is twice as big as the population of
Norway.
3. The more we study the more we learn.
4. She is the nicest of the three girls.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и заполните
пропуски, употребив глаголы в скобках в
соответствующем времени. Переведите предложение на
русский язык.
Образец
1. The Sun (rises, is rising) in the East. The Sun rises in 'he East.
2. Where ... he ...(live)? Where does he live?
3. When I... home my mother ... dinner (come, cook). When I
came home my mother was cooking dinner.
4. Oh, David... (came, has come)! Let us begin the rehearsal!
Oh, David-has come! Let us begin the rehearsal!
a) в Present Simple или Present Progressive
1. What... you ... ? I... a letter (do, write).
2. «Have you got a cigarette?» «Sorry, I... (not smoke)».
3. The trains from London always (arrive) on time.
4. He (hate) receiving anonymous notes.
b) в Past Simple, Past Progressive или Present Perfect.
1. When we were small. Mother (make) us delicious ice cream
every Sunday.
2. - I (bring) some flowers for you. - Oh, thank you.
3. The phone rang while I (have) a bath.
4. When I was cleaning the house I (find) some old letters.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите
их, обращая внимание на способы выражения будущего
времени. Подчеркните сказуемые.
1. She is going to have a baby.
2. Do you think the baby will have blue eyes?
3. We are leaving for Washington tomorrow.
VII. Прочтите текст, чтобы понять, о каких изобретениях
Томаса Эдисона говорится в данном тексте. Перепишите
и переведите письменно 3 и 5 абзацы.
Thomas A. Edison
1. When Thomas Edison was born in the small town of Milan,
Ohio, in 1847 America was just beginning its great industrial
development. The time in which he lived was an age of
invention, filled with human and scientific adventures; and
Edison became the hero of the age.
2. When he was ten, Edison built his own chemistry laboratory.
He sold sandwiches and newspapers on the local trains in
order to earn money to buy supplies for his laboratory.
3. In 1869 Edison arrived in New York City, poor and in debt.
He went to work with a small company that later became part
of the Western Union Telegraph Company. It was here that he
became interested in the uses of electricity. At that time,
electricity was still in the experimental stages, and Edison
hoped to invent new ways to use it for the benefit of people.
As he once said, “My philosophy of life is work. I want to
bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the
happiness of man”.
4. In his laboratory in New Jersey Edison organized industrial
research. He equipped his laboratory with good scientific
instruments and hired a select team of 20 clockmakers and
mechanics and one university - trained mathematician. One of
his first inventions to come from his laboratory was an
improvement of A. Bell’s telephone.
5. For more than 50 years Thomas Edison was the world's
leading inventor. He patented over 1,000 inventions which
changed our way of living. He designed the central power
station which became the model for the first public electrical
plant in New York City.
6. Thomas Edison died in 1931. As a great inventor, he received
many honors during his life. He rightfully belongs to among
America's and the world's great contributors to industrial
development and progress of man.
Notes to the text:
1. to bring out the secrets of nature - открыть, разгадать тайны
природы
2. one of his first inventions to come from his laboratory одним из первых изобретений, сделанных в его
лаборатории
VII. Прочтите еще раз 4 абзац и укажите, какой из двух
предложенных вариантов передачи содержания абзаца
соответствует изложенным фактам.
A. In his laboratory in New Jersey Edison carried out industrial
research. He equipped his lab with good scientific
instruments, but he needed a select team of skilled mechanics
and university-trained mathematicians. The only invention
made in this laboratory was an improvement of A. Bell's
telephone.
B. T. Edison equipped his laboratory in New Jersey with good
instruments. He also had skilled workers and one universitytrained mathematician. This resulted in one of his first
inventions - improvement of A. Bell’s telephone.
Вариант 3
I. Перепишите следующие слова и определите, где
необходимо с помощью словаря, какие из них являютcя:
a) глаголами - поставьте напротив слова знак V
b) не являются глаголами - поставьте знак X
c) являются и глаголом и существительным - поставьте
знак VV
1. move
2. inventive
3. explode
4. combine
5. improve
6. tile
7. provide
8. study
9. develop
10. quality
11. use
12. cause
13. return
14. greatness
15. work
16. interest
17. weapon
18. wish
19. finance
20. spend
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, дайте полную
форму
сокращенного
«s»
(is, has), переведите
предложения на русский язык.
Образец
1. My father’s just come - My father has just come.
2. He's forty years old He is forty years old.
3. She's got two brothers. She has got two brothers.
4. He's not wearing his glasses today.
He is not wearing his glasses today.
1. She's tired.
2. Somebody's taken my dictionary.
3. May I introduce myself? My name's Susan Roper.
4. John's got many friends at school.
5. He's playing basketball now.
III. Выберите соответствующее местоимение из двух,
приведенных в скобках, заполните им пропуск и
переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
Образец
There is... (somebody, nobody) in the room. It is empty.
There is nobody in the room. It is empty
1. A. - Mary is here!
В. -1 don't want to see (nobody, anybody).
2. Tell... to come to the party by 3 o'clock (their, them).
3. I always do the dishes ... (me, myself).
4. The mayor ... cut the ribbon to open the new city hospital
(hers, herself).
5. Don't move away those bags. They are... (our, ours).
IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на
русский язык; подчеркните в них разные формы
сравнения.
1. - How is your headache? - It's getting worse.
2. People say that Rolls-Royce cars are the best in the world.
3. I don't think she's as intelligent as her sister.
4. The higher he climbed the less oxygen there was to breathe.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и заполните
пропуски, употребив глаголы в скобках в
соответствующем времени. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
Образец:
1. The Sun (rises, is rising) in the East. The Sun rises in the
East.
2. Where ... he ... (live)? Where does he live?
3. When I... home my mother ... dinner (come, cook).
When I came home my mother was cooking dinner.
4. Oh, David... (came, has come)! Let us begin the rehearsal!
Oh, David has come! Let us begin the rehearsal!
а) в Present Simple или Present Progressive
1. I always... (work) in the library after my classes.
2. The weather usually ... (get) warmer in April.
3. - Is John here? - No, he ... (play) football.
4. What language ... (study) he?
b) в Past Simple, Past Progressive или Present Perfect
1. I... my knee while I... football (hurt, play).
2. Where were you going when I... you yesterday (see).
3. He ... to France, USA and Japan (be).
4. When...to Japan (go)?
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите
их, обращая внимание на способы выражения будущего
времени. Подчеркните сказуемые.
1. I am going to learn Chinese.
2. Do you think I will speak the language well in a year?
3. Are you doing anything this evening?
VII. Прочтите текст, чтобы понять о каком изобретении
Альфреда Нобеля говорится в данном тексте; перепишите
и переведите письменно 2 и 3 абзацы.
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist,
was born in Stockholm on October 21 1833. He moved to
Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel,
made a strong position for himself in the engineering
industry. But soon he went bankrupt and returned to Sweden
where Alfred began his study of explosives in his father's
laboratory.
2. Alfred never went to school or University but studied
privately and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist
and excellent linguist. He could speak Swedish, Russian,
German, French, and English. Like his father, Alfred was
imaginative and inventive but he had better luck in business
and showed more financial sense.
3. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific
inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different
countries, indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability
to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of
a forward-looking industrialist.
4. Nobel invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the
peaceful industries of mining and road building but saw it
used as weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. His
greatest wish was to see an end of wars, and thus peace
between nations. He spent much time and money working
for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous
will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding
works in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine,
Literature and Peace is a memorial to his interests and ideals.
1.
VIII. Прочтите еще раз 4 абзац и укажите, какой из двух
предложенных вариантов передачи содержания абзаца
соответствует изложенным фактам.
A. A. Nobel invented an explosive dynamite, and he wanted to
see и used for peaceful purposes but not as a weapon to kill
and injure people. He left money to set up a fund to award
scientists writers and public figures for their outstanding
works in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine,
Literature, Peace and others.
B. Nobel's most important invention was that of dynamite which
could accelerate industrial development in many countries.
But he did not want it to be used for military purposes. Nobel
left money to continue the research and provide prizes for
outstanding works in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics,
Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace.
Вариант 4
I. Перепишите следующие слова и определите, где
неоходимо с помощью словаря, какие из них являются:
a) глаголами - поставьте напротив слова знак V
b) не являются глаголами - поставьте знак X
c) являются и глаголом и существительным - поставьте
знак VV
1. settle
2. bridge
3. great
4. electricity
5. work
6. build
7. distinguish
8. invention
9. different
10.produce
11. research
12. split
13.lecture
14. picture
15. source
16. equal
17. model
18. supply
19.structure
20. famous
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, дайте полную
форму
сокращенного
«s»
(is, has), переведите
предложения на русский язык.
Образец:
1. My father's just come - My father has just come.
2. He's forty years old. He is forty years old.
3. She's got two sisters and one brother. She
has got two sisters and one brother.
4. He's not wearing his glasses today. He is
not wearing his glasses today
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
He's angry now. Don't ask him anything.
Can you open the window? It's stuffy here.
She's got long fair hair.
Her brother's doing the crossword puzzle now.
- Is Mr. Brown in? - No, he's just left the office.
III. Выберите соответствующее местоимение из двух
приведенных в скобках, заполните им пропуск,
переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
Образец:
There is... (somebody, nobody) in the room. It is empty. There is
nobody m the room. It is empty.
1. Every teenager looks forward to taking the car out by ...
(himself, his).
2. I can't figure out... is on the phone (who, whom).
3. Excuse me. Can you tell... the way to the station (I, me)?
4. They are staying at our house until ... is finished (their,
theirs).
5. There were ... strange lights in the sky (any, some).
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите;
подчеркните в них разные формы сравнения.
1. She is the most beautiful girl he has ever met before.
2. I doubt that you can find cheaper coat at this season.
3. The earlier you get up the more work you can do.
4. My sister is not as tall as her girl-friend Christine.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и заполните
пропуски, употребив глаголы в скобках в
соответствующем времени. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
Образец:
1. The Sun (rises, is rising) in the East. The Sun rises in the East.
2. Where ... he ... (live)? Where does he live?
3. When I... home my mother ... dinner (come, cook). When 1
came home my mother was cooking dinner.
I Ok David (came has come)! Let us begin the rehearsal! Oh,
David has come! Let us begin the rehearsal!
a) в Present Simple или Present Progressive.
1. Amazon Indians ... in the Amazon Basin, in Brazil, where the
climate is hot and wet: it.... for nine to ten months of the year
(live, rain).
2. Somebody ... at the door (knock). Please, go and open it.
3. - What... you ... here? (do). - I... for my sister (wait).
4. The Earth ... round the Sun (go).
b) в Past Simple, Past Progressive или Present Perfect
1. Andrew ... when I was getting ready to go out (arrive).
2. When I... the train, I ... my ticket onto the railway line (get
off, drop).
3. The accident ... while we ... into Copenhagen (happen, drive).
4. She went to Australia but now she ... in Britain again (come
back).
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите
их, обращая внимание на способы выражения будущего
времени. Подчеркните сказуемые.
1. Look! It is going to rain.
2. -I need some money. - Don't worry. I'll lend you some.
5. What time are you meeting Ann?
VII. Прочтите текст, чтобы понять, о каких научных
открытиях Э. Резерфорда говорится в нем.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 и 5 абзацы.
Ernest Rutherford
(1871-1937)
1. Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871 in South
Island, New Zealand in the family of English settlers. Ernest's
father earned his living by bridge-building and other
construction work. At the same time he carried on small-scale
farming. His mother was a teacher of English.
2. At school Ernest was one of the best pupils and distinguished
himself in physics, mathematics, English, French and Latin.
He made models of different machines. Especially he was
interested in watches and cameras. He paid much attention to
chemistry, too.
3. At the age of 19 he finished school and entered the New
Zealand University called Canterbury College. He proved to
be bright and talented and did scientific research at the University and later he continued it in Cambridge. The main
scientific problem at the time at Cambridge was the structure
of atom. He taught young scientists who worked in the field
of atomic research. Among his favourite pupils was Pyotr
Kapitsa, a famous Russian scientist.
4. About ten years Ernest Rutherford lived and worked in
Canada. From 1907 till 1919 he lectured in leading
Universities of USA and England. Rutherford's famous work
is «The scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and
the Structure of the Atom». The book deals with «atom
models», according to which the atom is pictured as
composed of a central charge surrounded by a sphere of
electrification of equal but opposite charge.
5. The splitting of the atom has opened to man a new and
enormous source of energy.
6. Ernest Rutherford died in 1937. The great scientist was buried
at Westminster Abbey not far from the graves of Isaac
Newton, Charles Darwin and Michael Faraday.
Notes to the text:
was buried - был похоронен
VIII. Прочитайте еще раз 4 абзац и укажите, какой из
предложенных двух вариантов передачи его содержания
соответствует изложенным фактам.
A. For ten years Е. Rutherford worked in Canada. He lectured in
leading Universities of USA arid England. In his famous
work on the structure of atoms he dealt with atom models and
gave the picture of the atom consisting - of a central charge in
the sphere of equal charges.
B. About ten years E. Rutherford worked in Canada. He lectured
later in leading Universities of USA and England. In his
famous work «the Scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of
Matter and the Structure of the Atom» he dealt with «atom
models»; According to his theory the atom is pictured as
composed of electrification of equal but opposite charge.
Вариант 5
I. Перепишите следующие слова и определите, где
необходимо с помощью словаря, какие из них являются:
a) глаголами - поставьте напротив слова знак V
b) не являются глаголами - поставьте знак X
c) являются и глаголам и существительным поставьте
знак VV
1. invent
2. supply
3. system
4. electrify
5. hope
6. contribute
7. use
8. equip
9. design
10. apply
11. develop
12. love
13. engine
14. foundry
15. brake
16. discovery
17. manufacture
18. steel
19. introduce
20. mind
И. Перепишите следующие предложения, дайте полную
форму
сокращенного
«s»
(is, has), переведите
предложения на русский язык.
Образец:
1. My father's just come - My father has just come.
2. He's forty years old. He is forty years old.
3. She's got two sisters and one brother. She
has two sisters and one brother.
4. He's not wearing his glasses today.
He is not wearing his glasses today.
1. She's very pretty.
2. He's gone to Portugal.
3. What colour's your new car?
4. Where is Ann? She's having a bath.
5. He can buy this expensive compute -he's got enough money.
III. Выберите соответствующее местоимение из двух,
приведенных в скобках, заполните им пропуск,
переведите каждое предложение на русские язык.
Образец:
1. I saw ... in the library yesterday (him, his). I saw him in
the library yesterday.
2. There was. in the room (anybody, nobody). There was
nobody in the room.
1. Where are my keys? I've seen them (somewhere, anywhere)
but I can't remember where.
2. Some friends of... are visiting Austin this week (hear, hers).
3. The man blamed... for the accident (him, himself).
4. ... can speak all the languages in the world (somebody,
nobody).
5. Give ... one more chance to win (their, them).
IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложении;
подчеркните в них разные формы сравнения.
1. She plays much better than I do.
2. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom, multiplied 100,000 times,
would be as big as this dot.
3. The place that gets most rain in the world is a mountain in
Hawaii.
4. The more she scolded the child, the wilder he became.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и заполните
пропуски, употребив глаголы в скобках в
соответствующем времени. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
Образец:
1. The Sun (rises, is rising) in the East. The Sun rises in
the East.
2. Where ... he ... (live)? Where does he live?
3. When I... home my mother ... dinner (come, cook). When I
came home my mother was cooking dinner.
4. Oh, David... (came, has come)! Let us begin the rehearsal! Oh,
David has come! Let us begin the rehearsal!
а) в Present Simple или Present Progressive
1. Water ... (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
2. What time ... the banks ... in Britain (close)?
3. The number of people without jobs ... (increase). Many plants
arc not operating.
4. Ron is in London at the moment. He ... (stay) at Hilton Hotel.
c) в Past Simple, Past Progressive или Present Perfect
1. Tom ... (burn) his hand when he ... (cook) the dinner.
2. I ... (break) a plate last night. I ... (do) the washing-up when it
... (slip) out of my hand.
3. I... (not see) George since last Friday.
4. We ... (not have) a car
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите
их, обращая внимание на способы выражения будущего
времени. Подчеркните сказуемые.
1. Can you repair Helen's bicycle? It has a flat type. Yes, I
know. I am going to repair it tomorrow.
2. I won't (will not) tell Tom what you said. I promise.
3. I am traveling to Scotland on Monday.
VII. Прочтите текст, чтобы понять, о каких изобретениях
Г. Бессемера говориться в нем, перепишите и переведите
письменно 2 и 3 абзацы.
Henry Bessemer
(1813-1898)
1. Henry Bessemer, who was born on January 19, 1913,
inherited his love of inventing from his father. Old Bessemer
worked in Holland and helped to build the first steam-engine
in that country. At an early age Henry became interested in
drawing. As he grew older he liked to spend his time in his
father's foundry.
2. Early in 1830 the Bessemer family went to live in London.
Here Henry decided to become an inventor. He tried to cast
ornaments in brass. Then he began designing a new type
setting machine. It was a clever invention: an experienced
printer could set 6,000 letters an hour where as by the old
hand method a skilled man could set only about 1,700 letters
an hour from sugar-canes, a steam-fan; he also invented a
method of continuous braking for trains and introduced the
use of luggage-vans.
3. Bessemer made many new inventions: he worked out a new
system of stamping, designed a new press for extracting the
juice.
4. But his greatest discovery was new process of manufacturing
steel. The new process helped to produce steel cheaply and it
greatly changed engineering and industry throughout the
world. So he built a new converter and it was most efficient.
5. He built his own steelworks in Sheffield and was soon
producing very cheap steel. It was possible to use his steel in
the construction of ships, bridges, railway lines and in other
large engineering works.
6. Henry Bessemer was one of the most successful inventors of
his day. He received more than one hundred and fifty patents.
His success was due to his personal characteristics-to his
inventive mind. Perhaps most important of all was his
confidence of success.
VII. Прочтите еще раз 5, 6 абзацы и укажите, какой из
двух предложенных вариантов передачи их содержания
соответствует изложенным фактам.
A. Н. Bessemer produced at his steelworks very cheap steel,
which could be used for constructing ship, bridges and many
other structures. But his outstanding achievements were not
recognized in his life time.
B. Henry Bessemer was one of the most successful inventors of
his days. Steel produced by him was used for building ships,
bridges, railway lines etc... He received numerous patents for
his inventions. His confidence of success and inventive mind
were his main characteristics.
Тексты для дополнительного чтения
Раздел А.
Прочитайте следующие тексты, чтобы отвозить на
вопросы, поставленные к каждому из них.
Text 1
Man and His Environment
1. Throughout history man has changed his physical
environment in order to improve his way of life.
2. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical
features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and
prairies into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of
rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has
also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and
cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
3. However, man's changes to the physical environment have not
always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and
water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each
day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of
motor vehicles: smoke from factories pollutes the air of the
industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the
countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly
unhealthy.
4. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution
from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of
algae, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea
is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers.
Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
5.
The end result is that ecologists believe it is now necessary
for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive
on earth.
Notes:
1) be equally harmful - являться в разной степени вредным;
2) enormous numbers of algae - огромное количество
водорослей;
3) to survive - выжить.
Answer the following questions:
1. What has man done to improve his way of life?
2. In what way did he modify the face of the earth?
3. Why have man's changes to the physical environment caused
undesirable effects?
4. What docs the pollution of water result in?
5. What is necessary to do for man, according to ecologists, in
order to survive on earth?
Text 2
The Brain
1. Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and
complex part of his body - the brain.
2. In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the
centre of mental activity. Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient
Greece, thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was until
the 18th century that man realized that the whole of the brain was
involved in the workings of the mind.
3. During the 19th century scientists found that when certain
parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do certain
things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain
controlled the different activity. But modern research has found
that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of
the brain does.
4. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the
amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and
biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more
complicated than they had thought. In fact many people believe
that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how
the human brains works. The more scientists find out, the more
questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have
found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the brain
every second.
Notes:
1) mental activity - умственная деятельность;
2) mind - (зд.) разум, умственные способности.
Answer the following questions:
1. What part of the human body needs further investigation?
2. What did ancient people think of brain?
3. Why did scientists think that each part of the brain controlled
different activity?
4. What has been found by chemists and biologists during the
last 50 years?
5. Why do many people believe that there is much to learn about
the way the human brain works?
Text3
1. The first suggestion that a machine for mathematical
computation could be built was made more than a hundred years
ago by the mathematician Charles Babbage. We now realize that
he understood clearly all the fundamental principles of modern
computers.
2. Babbage was born in Devonshire, England, 1792. He didn't
receive a good education but he taught himself mathematics so
well that when he went to Cambridge, he found that he knew
more algebra than his tutor.
3. At that time mathematics at Cambridge was still under the
influence of Newton and was quite unaffected by the
contemporary developments on the continent.
4. Charles Babbage was outstanding among his contemporaries
because he insisted on the practical application of science and
mathematics. For example, he wrote widely on the economic
advantages of mass production and on the development of
machine-tools.
5. In 1812 he was sitting in his room looking at a table of
logarithms which he knew to be full of mistakes, when an idea
occurred to him of computing all tabular (табличный) functions
by machinery. Babbage constructed a small working model which
he demonstrated in 1822.
6. The Royal Society supported the project and Babbage was
promised a subsidy.
7. In 1833 he began to think of building a machine which was
in fact the first universal digital (цифровой) computer, as the
expression is understand today.
8. Babbage devoted the rest of his life to an attempt to develop
it. He had to finance all the work himself and he was only able to
finish part of the machine though he prepared thousands of
detailed drawings from which it could be made.
9. Babbage wrote more than 80 books and papers, but he was
misunderstood by his contemporaries and died a disappointed
man in 1871.
Notes:
1) tutor - преподаватель;
2) contemporaries - современники;
3) advantage - преимущество.
Answer the following questions:
1. Who did Charles Babbage owe his excellent knowledge of
maths to?
2. Why did he stand out of his contemporaries?
3. When did the idea of a computing machine first come to
Charles Babbage?
4. How did the Royal Society react to demonstration of a small
working model of a computing machine developed by Charles
Babbage?
5. Why did Charles Babbage die a disappointed man?
Text 4
1. If you like looking at places and people, travel by bus. Buses
do not go very fast in the centre of London because there is
always much traffic but it does not matter if you are on holiday.
2. Normal London buses are red and are double-deckers. They
have a driver and a conductor.
3. There are sorts of bus stop: compulsory and request. A
compulsory bus-stop sign means that all the buses on the notice
stop here. A request bus-stop sign means that a bus only stops
here if someone wants to get on or off. The request bus-stop sign
is red. If you want to catch a bus at a request stop, put your hand
out.
4. To find out where a bus is going, look at the sign on the front,
the side or the back of the bus. You will find a full list of the
places on the bus route on a notice at the bus stop.
5. When you have got on the bus the conductor says: "Fares,
please!" You say where you want to go; he tells you how much to
pay; you pay him and he gives you a ticket.
6. There are other sorts of buses in London, too. The red singledecker buses are called Red Arrows. They have a driver but no
conductor. You pay the same price for a short journey as for a
long journey.
7. The green buses are called Green Line. These buses cross
London but they do not stop very often. They are mainly for
people who live a little way out of London and who travel in and
out.
Notes:
1) route - маршрут;
2) fare - плата за проезд.
Answer the following questions:
1. Why do buses move so slowly about the centre of London?
2. What kind of buses run about London?
3. How much does one pay on London buses?
4. What is Green Line?
5. Which bus route in London has no conductors?
Text 5
Gypsies
1. Around the year 1000 AD, some people from north-west
India began to travel westwards - nobody knows why. After
leaving their homes, they did not settle down again, but spent
their lives moving from one place to another.
2. Their descendants are called the Romany people, or Gypsies.
There are Gypsies all over the world, and many of them are still
travelling, with no fixed homes. There are about eight million of
them, including three million in Eastern Europe.
3. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where
they travel. Because they are different, people may be afraid of
them, look down on them, or think that they are criminals. The
Nazis persecuted the Gypsies, like the Jews, and nobody knows
how many of them died in Hitler's death camps.
4. Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like music
and dancing, and they often work in fairs and circuses. Travelling
is very important to them, and many Gypsies are unhappy if they
have to stay in one place. Because of this, it is difficult for Gypsy
children to go to school, and Gypsies are often illiterate. In some
places, the education authorities try to arrange special travelling
schools for Gypsy children, so that they can get the same
education as other children.
Notes:
1) gypsies - цыгане;
2) to persecute - преследовать;
3) illiterate - неграмотный.
Answer the following question:
1. Are there any evidences why some people from north-west
India began to move westwards around the year 1000 AD?
2. What is the number of Gypsies outside Eastern Europe?
3. When did Gypsies have extremely hard time?
4. What are Gypsies fond of?
5. In what way do some authorities try to arrange schooling for
Gypsy children?
Раздел В.
Read the texts and do the tasks that follow.
Text 1
It was two thousand years ago. Two Viking leaders were going
with their men (3) to Ireland in two big boats. The first leader's
name was O'Neill, the name of the other is not known to us. They
(1) agreed that the first man who touched the Irish land would be
the king of it. At last they were very near the Irish land. The two
boats were going faster and faster. Unfortunately O'Neill's boat was
not as fast (5) as the other one (2). And O'Neill had an idea. He
wanted to be the king so much that, when the boats were very near
the land, he quickly cut off his right hand and threw it over to the
land. He became the king of Ireland because his hand was the first
which touched the land. This story explains (4) why there is a red
right hand on Irish soldiers' coats.
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Choose the best title for the text:
Irish monarchy
How Ireland got its king
O'Neill and his army
A red right hand
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
According to the text O'Neill
was the king of England
cut off his hand as it hurt
was in the fastest boat
became the king of Ireland
3.
a)
b)
c)
According to the text the other Viking leader
was not as clever as O'Neill
cut off his left hand
didn't want to become a king
d) touched the Irish land first
4. "they" (point 1) stands for
a), the tw04 Viking boats
b)' the Irish lands
c) the two Viking leaders
d) two thousand years
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
"one" (point 2) stands for
boat
land
leader
king
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
"men" (point 3) means
swimmers
Vikings
soldiers
children
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
"explains" (point 4) means
understands
tells
knows
suggests
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
"fast" (point 5) is
an adverb
a noun
a verb
an adjective
Text 2
I. Read the text. You can use a dictionary.
How much do we know about the world we live in? Some of us
don't know much, it seems. Scientists at Oxford asked people the
following simple questions:
Does the earth go round the sun?
Does oxygen come from plants?
Does sunlight cause skin cancer?
Is the centre of the earth hot or cold?
Did the earliest people live before, at the same time as or
after the dinosaurs?
If milk is radioactive, can you make it safe by boiling it?
How many of the answers do you know? The Oxford scientists
were surprised to find that many of the men and women they
questioned had no idea of the facts. About 40% of the people
didn't know that the earth went round the sun, or that oxygen
came from plants. While 90% of the people knew that sunlight
could cause skin cancer, and 80% knew that the centre of the
earth was very hot, 54% thought, wrongly, that the first people
lived at the same time as the dinosaurs. And 35% of people
thought that radioactive milk could be made safe by boiling it.
How important is this? Does it matter if people don't know
whether or not the earth goes round the sun? Perhaps not. But we
do have to make up our minds about many things which need an
understanding of science. Should the government build more
nuclear power stations? Is it a good thing to spend money on
space research? Is it right to carry out experiments on animals? If
we have no basic knowledge of science, how can we make
intelligent democratic decisions on questions like these?
II. Now read the following sentences. Write S if the sentence
says the same thing as the text, and D if it says something
different.
1. Even Oxford scientists don't always know the answers to
simple questions.
2. Some people don't know much about the world.
3. Only 40% of people thought that the earth went round the
sun.
4. Oxygen comes from plants.
5. Most people know that sunlight can cause skin cancer.
6. More than half of the people questioned thought that the first
people lived before the dinosaurs.
7. Radioactive milk can only be made safe by boiling it.
8. People in a modern democracy need to know something about
science.
Text3
I Read the text and define which of the sentences are true (T)
or false (F).
Britain Today
(1) Don't expect to see red phone boxes everywhere - there aren't
many left nowadays! Some phones take cash (£l, 50p and 10р
coins) and some take phone cards - we suggest having both.
Phone after 6 p.m. - it's cheaper! Useful numbers:
Emergencies 999, International Operator 155.
(2) There are £50, £20, £10 and £5 notes, and coins worth £2, £l,
50p, 20p, Юр, 5p, 2p and lp. Avoid getting £50 notes if you
can - some places might refuse to change them. If you don't
want to risk carrying a lot of cash, get some traveller's
cheques before your holiday. Banks are usually open from
9.30 to 4.30, but most of them are closed on Saturdays. If the
bank is closed, use your own cash or credit card from home in
a cash machine or 'hole-in-the-wall', as the British call them the machine will give you British currency.
(3) Most pubs offer a good variety of food at reasonable prices. If
you can afford to pay for something more special, there are
many international restaurants. If you see 'service included'
on a restaurant bill, you don't need to tip. If it says 'service not
included' a 10% tip is expected.
(4) Hotels are expensive in Britain but there are some cheaper
alternatives. 'Bed and Breakfasts' are private houses which
offer accommodation and breakfast. Many of them give
excellent value for money. Youth hostels are even cheaper, if
you don't mind sharing with other people. Hostels vary
greatly, but all those belonging to the Youth Hostel
Association (YHA) guarantee certain standards of comfort
and cleanliness.
(5) Wherever you decide to stay in Britain, we advise you to take
a plug adaptor if you plan to use any electrical appliance like
a hairdryer. Plugs in Britain (like a lot of other things!) are
different from the rest of Europe.
(6) Buses are probably the cheapest way to travel. If you can't
stand going on long bus journeys, you can always go by train.
Trains in Britain are expensive but 'return' tickets (especially
'day returns') are a lot cheaper than singles. If you are staying
in London, you can save a lot of money by getting a travel
card for one day or for a week to go on the Tube and buses.
(7) We can't promise to provide good weather for your trip British weather is very changeable. If you enjoy sitting in the
hot sun all day, you should consider going somewhere else
for your holidays! During the main tourist season, JuneAugust, the weather is mild, usually between 20°C and 25°C.
1. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. In Britain, phone calls are more expensive in the evening.
2. £50 is the largest note.
3. You don't always need to leave a tip after a meal in a
restaurant.
4. Youth hostels are cheap but very uncomfortable.
5. You can't take electrical appliances to Britain and use them
without an adaptor.
6. UK buses are cheaper than trains.
7. You can use travel cards when you travel around Britain by
bus or train.
8. Britain is usually hot and sunny in the summer.
II. Match these titles with the sections:
Accommodation
Differences
The Weather
Eating Out
Money
Telephones
Travel
Text 4
I. Read the text and memorize the details.
Contemporary American Society
In the past fifty years1 American society has changed much.
Fifty years ago most Americans lived in small communities. They
seldom moved from one place to another, and usually knew their
neighbours well. Life was so personal that people often joked
about it. It was difficult to have privacy in a small community like
that. Some people dreamed about moving to big cities, but most
people were happy to live all their lives in the same place.
Now people often move from place to place. It is rare to find
people who have lived all their lives in one community.
Americans are used to leaving friends and making new friends.
The American family has changed too. Until the 1960s divorce
was uncommon. Between 1962 and 1981 the number of divorces
increased. Americans are not likely to remain in a marriage that
has problems. They are not forced by economic, social or
religious pressure to stay married. Since 1960s the number of
single-parent families increased.
Americans raise their children to be independent. It is a part of
American culture. Small children learn to do things on their own.
They learn to take care of themselves, clean their rooms, help
with the dishes and the laundry, and spend time away from their
parents in day-care, with a baby sitter or even alone. Most
teenagers try to find summer or after-school jobs, so that they can
have their own money. Students usually work part-time and
during summer vacations.
Young people get married later than they used to. Women
usually get married at the age of 24, men - at the age of 26. Newly
married couples often postpone having children, while they are
establishing their careers.
Notes:
1) have privacy - быть в уединении;
2) be uncommon - быть необычным;
3) be likely to do smth. - быть склонным делать что-то;
4) single-parent family - неполная семья;
5) newly married couple - молодожены.
II. Say whether the statements given below are true or false,
express doubt or uncertainty.
1. Fifty years ago most Americans lived in big cities.
2. People never dreamed about moving to big cities.
3. Most people were happy to live all their lives in the same
place.
4. Between 1962 and 1981 the number of divorces increased.
5. Americans aren't likely to remain in a marriage that has
problems.
6. Most teenagers don't try to find summer or after-school jobs.
7. Students seldom work part-time and during summer
vacations.
8. Newly married couples never postpone having children.
III. Discuss the following:
1. What was the American society like 50 years ago?
2. Why has the number of single-parent families increased since
1960's?
3. How do the Americans try to bring up their children?
4. When do young people usually get married?
Text 5
I. Read the following texts and do the tasks that follow.
Spotlight on the environment
The environment
Some problems of the environment are easy to see. This valley in
Tasmania, Australia, used to be a beautiful rainforest. But now
there is a copper mine. There are no trees, and the land is polluted
with chemicals. Very few plants can grow.
Acid rain
Acid rain comes from industrial countries. But the wind carries it
and a lot of it falls on these countries' neighbours. For example,
Canada gets acid rains from the USA. The Scandinavian countries
get it from Britain. The bird, the Common Loon, is less and less
common in the lakes of Canada and the USA today. Acid rain
kills the fish, and so the bird has nothing to eat.
Pesticides
Insects eat our vegetables. So farmers put pesticides on the
vegetables. But that is not the end of the story. The pesticide
chemicals get into the 'food chain'. Insects eat the pesticides.
Birds eat the insects. Big birds eat little birds. At the top of the
food chain you find birds like the Peregrine falcon. Fifty years
ago they were common. But more and more pesticides DDT got
into their blood. Their eggs became weak, and broke. Now the
Peregrine Falcon is quite rare.
The greenhouse effect
Industrial countries also cause the 'greenhouse effect'. Industry,
power stations and cars produce carbon dioxide - C02. This gas
works like the glass walls of a greenhouse. It lets in the sun; but it
doesn't let out the heat. So the Earth gets hotter and hotter. Your
car is killing the Earth
The car is an ecological disaster. It is now the world's number
one polluter. From the beginning to the end of its life, one car
produces an enormous quantity of pollution.
The production of one car results in 1,500 kilos of waste, and 75
million metres3 of polluted air.
During its life one car produces: 44.3 tons of carbon dioxide, 325
kg of carbon monoxide, 4.8 kg of sulphur dioxide, 36 kg of
hydrocarbons, 46.8 kg of nitrogen dioxide and 20 kg of various
chemicals from the tires and brakes (an average car over a period
of ten years).
When you throw the car away, many dangerous metals (like
cadmium) and other chemicals pollute the earth. The building of
roads, motorways and car parks produces a large quantity of
pollution. It is impossible to estimate how much.
The statistics above are for one car. There are now approximately
500 million cars on Earth. So multiply all these numbers by 500
million. That gives, for example, more than 22 billion tons of C02
in ten years! Why not ride a bike or take a train?
1. Match these words with their meanings.
1. pollution
a) a factory which produces electricity
2. food chain
b) animal A eats animal B, which eats
animal C, etc.
3. power station
c) a chemical for killing insects and other
animals
4. acid rain
d) rising temperatures around the world
5. greenhouse effect
e) rain containing chemicals which
pollute the environment
6. pesticide
f) making earth, air or water dirty and
dangerous
2. Choose the correct answer.
1. Acid rain comes from
a) Scandinavian countries.
b) neighbouring countries.
c) industrial countries.
2.
a)
b)
c)
Carbon dioxide - C02 keeps the earth hot.
keeps the Earth cool.
causes acid rain.
3. The bird called the Common Loon is not very common today
because
a) acid rain kills it.
b) acid rain kills the fish, so the bird has nothing to eat.
the bird's eggs are weak, and they break.
Английский язык
Методические указания и контрольные задания
по английскому языку № 1
для студентов заочного факультета
всех специальностей
Составитель Очирова М И
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