SmashGrammar_I.indd 1
6/24/08 11:42:29 AM
Contents
1 Be (present simple)
3
2 A/An; Plurals; Some;This / these, that / those
5
3 There is / There are
8
4 C
ountable/uncountable nouns; Some / any / a lot of / a few / a little / much / many
10
5 Can (ability and permission)
13
6 Present continuous
15
7 Present simple / adverbs of frequency
18
8 Present simple / present continuous
21
9 Have got / haven’t got
22
10 Be: past simple
24
11 Past simple (regular / irregular verbs)
26
12 S
ubject and object pronouns; possessive adjectives and pronouns; possessive ’s; whose
29
13 Must / mustn’t / have to
31
14 Question words (who, what, where, which)
33
15 Be going to
34
16 Will / won’t
36
17 Will / be going to
38
18 Comparative / superlative
39
19 The imperative
41
20 Prepositions of place
43
2 1 Ordinal numbers and dates
45
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1
Be
Το ρήμα be σημαίνει είμαι και είναι ένα πολύ σημαντικό ρήμα.
Στον απλό ενεστώτα (present simple) σχηματίζεται ως εξής:
Affirmative
Long
Short
form
form
Negative
Long form Short form
Question
Answer
I am
I’m
I am not
I’m not
Am I ... ?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
You are
You’re
You are not
You aren’t
Are you ... ?
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
He is
He’s
He is not
He isn’t
Is he ... ?
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
She is
She’s
She is not
She isn’t
Is she ... ?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
It is
It’s
It is not
It isn’t
Is it ... ?
Yes, it is.
No, it isn’t.
We are
We’re
We are not
We aren’t
Are we ... ?
Yes, we are.
No, we aren’t.
You are
You’re
You are not
You aren’t
Are you ... ?
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
They are
They’re
They are not
They aren’t
Are they ... ?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
I’m hungry!
I’m not hungry!
Am I hungry? Yes, I am!
He’s tall.
He’s not tall.
Is he tall? No, he isn’t.
We’re at school.
We’re not at school.
Are we at school? Yes, we are.
•Οι σύντομοι τύποι χρησιμοποιούνται συνήθως όταν μιλάμε.
Παρατήρησε πως οι απαντήσεις με Yes δεν έχουν σύντομο τύπο.
‘Are you hungry?’ ‘Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.’ (not Yes, I’m.)
•Μ
πορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε κύρια ονόματα ή ουσιαστικά
αντί των αντωνυμιών He, She, It, We και They.
Paul is happy. He is happy.
Mary is tall. She is tall.
The book is blue. It is blue.
Jason and I are 14. We are 14.
Mary and Joanne are 12. They are 12.
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6/24/08 11:42:40 AM
1
1 Write am, is or are.
5 Make questions.
1 Julia ............................ my friend.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1He is from England.
You ............................ a teacher.
They ............................ twins.
I ............................ hungry!
The toy ............................ great!
He ............................ a good boy.
We ............................ friends.
The bag ............................ heavy.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
?
4I am 12.
?
5They are French.
2 Write the short forms.
................................................................................................................................
?
6It is a boat.
hungry. (He)
............................ boring. (It / not)
............................ my friend. (You)
............................ a pupil. (I / not)
............................ at school. (We)
............................ children. (They)
............................ 11. (She / not)
............................ tall. (He / not)
............................
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
?
3You are from Greece.
................................................................................................................................
1
?
2She is my friend.
................................................................................................................................
?
6 Put the words in the correct order.
1 a book / is / it
................................................................................................................................
2not / I / hungry / am
................................................................................................................................
3Sue / my / name is
3 Complete the text with these words.
They’re
are
isn’t
I’m
is
aren’t
My name (1) ............................ Tony. I’m from Greece and
(2) ............................ 12. Sue and Victoria (3) ............................ my
friends. (4) ............................ English – they (5) ............................
from Greece.Victoria (6) ............................ very happy today
because she has a test at school.
4 Write Am, Is or Are.
1
he English?
............................ you from Greece?
............................ we happy?
............................ I hungry?
............................ it a machine?
............................ she your friend?
............................
2
3
4
5
6
................................................................................................................................
4twins / they / aren’t
................................................................................................................................
5we / not / teachers / are
................................................................................................................................
6isn’t / happy / she
................................................................................................................................
7 Correct the mistakes.
1They not at school.
................................................................................................................................
2She isn’t not my friend.
................................................................................................................................
3You Greek.
................................................................................................................................
4It a dog!
................................................................................................................................
5We isn’t hungry.
................................................................................................................................
6He a teacher.
................................................................................................................................
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2
A/An
Το a/an είναι αόριστο άρθρο και σημαίνει ένας, μία, ένα.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε an μπροστά από λέξεις που αρχίζουν από φωνήεν, δηλ. a, e, i, o και u.
an actor, an elephant, an idea, an old man, an umbrella
•Χρησιμοποιούμε a μπροστά από λέξεις που αρχίζουν από σύμφωνο.
a teacher, a book, a chair, κλπ.
Αλλά:
an hourεδώ το γράμμα h δεν προφέρεται, επομένως η λέξη αρχίζει με ήχο φωνηέντου οπότε
παίρνει an
a hairεδώ το γράμμα h προφέρεται, επομένως η λέξη αρχίζει με ήχο συμφώνου οπότε παίρνει
a
Plurals
•Σχηματίζουμε τον πληθυντικό των περισσoτέρων ουσιαστικών προσθέτοντας απλώς ένα -s
στο τέλος της λέξης.
ideas, oranges, books, apples, κλπ.
•Σχηματίζουμε τον πληθυντικό των ουσιαστικών που λήγουν σε -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x και -o,
προσθέτοντας την κατάληξη -es.
bus – buses
brush – brushes
box – boxes
class – classes
sandwich – sandwiches
potato - potatoes
Αλλά:
piano – pianos
radio – radios
•Σχηματίζουμε τον πληθυντικό των ουσιαστικών που λήγουν σε -y διαγράφοντας το -y και
προσθέτοντας την κατάληξη -ies.
baby – babies
party – parties
lorry – lorries
•Σχηματίζουμε τον πληθυντικό των ουσιαστικών που λήγουν σε -f/-fe διαγράφοντας το -f /-fe και
προσθέτοντας την κατάληξη -ves.
wolf – wolves
knife – knives
Αλλά:
giraffe – giraffes
Υπάρχουν όμως και κάποια ουσιαστικά που δεν ακολουθούν κανένα από αυτούς τους κανόνες
αλλά σχηματίζουν τον πληθυντικό τους εντελώς διαφορετικά. Μερικά από αυτά είναι:
child – children
woman – women
foot – feet
man – men
tooth – teeth
person – people
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2
Some
Χρησιμοποιούμε some (μερικοί, μερικές, μερικά) με τον πληθυντικό αριθμό ουσιαστικών όταν
θέλουμε να αναφερθούμε σε παραπάνω από ένα πράγματα.
some pens, some desks, some cars, some dogs
This/these, that/those
•Χρησιμοποιούμε this για να μιλήσουμε για ένα πράγμα που βρίσκεται κοντά μας.
This book is good.
This car is expensive.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε these για να μιλήσουμε για πολλά πράγματα που βρίσκονται κοντά μας.
These books are good.
These cars are expensive.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε that για να μιλήσουμε για ένα πράγμα που βρίσκεται μακριά μας.
That boy is nice.
That girl is beautiful.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε those για να μιλήσουμε για πολλά πράγματα που βρίσκονται μακριά μας.
Those boys are nice.
Those girls are beautiful.
1 Put the words in the correct places.
umbrella tower animal car mobile phone
forest igloo clock apple electronic toy
a
an
2 Write a, an or some.
1
boys
2 ............................. colour
3 ............................. apple
4 ............................. door
.............................
5
6
7
8
teachers
............................. friend
............................. e-mail
............................. flowers
.............................
3 Find the plurals and write them
under the words.
A
S
D
T
C N
Y
U
B
P
I
Y
R
H
F
S
C O
Y
B
A
B
I
E
S
T
X
E
F
H
J
L
E
R
Y
E
X W
I
N D O W S
S
Y
O
L
U
R
D
S
K
B
B
M H
P
E
O
P
L
E
H
E
Z
X N N
P
E
P
K
N
I
V
E
S
Τ
M
J
K
H G
R
E
B
Ε
O D
U
E
L
R
P
L
Ε
N
B
V
B
O
Y
S
D
Τ
S
A
Y
T
O
T
T
Y
Η
U
F
B
U
S
E
S
D
F
A
S
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2
1 woman 5 window 9 boy
............................
............................
............................
10bus 6 lemon 2 child ............................
............................
............................
11 tooth 7 person 3 knife ............................
............................
............................
12box 8 baby 4 igloo ............................
............................
............................
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
door
bus
church
party
shoe
life
man
toy
1 a / cupboard / is / that
............................................
................................................................................................................................
leaf
............................................
................................................................................................................................
3 pens / are / these / your
............................................
................................................................................................................................
............................................
................................................................................................................................
............................................
5 my / that / brother / is
............................................
city
foot
................................................................................................................................
sandwich
1 Look at the big ............................ on that tree!
2
3
4
5
6
Her ............................ are white!
I love cheese ............................ .
His ............................ are very big! Look at his shoes!
Athens and London are big ............................ .
There are two ............................ in our school.
6 Rewrite as plurals.
Make all changes necessary.
This is a ball.
1 This is a book. 2 That’s my friend. 3 This is a child. 4 That’s an apple. 5 This is a bus. ?
4 books / my / those / are
............................................
tooth
?
2 trees / at / look / those
............................................
5 Complete with these words in the
plural.
piano
This is my room. There is (1) ............................... television and (2) ............................... DVD player. I’ve also got (3) ............................... electronic games and (4) ...............................
new stereo. My sister has got (5) ............................... old video
player. She’s also got (6) ............................... CDs, but not many.
So she goes in my room to play CDs sometimes.
8 Put the words in the correct order.
4 Write the plurals.
1
7 Complete with a, an or some.
These
are balls.
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
9 Correct the mistakes.
1Those children is my friends. ................................................................................................................................
2She’s an girl. ................................................................................................................................
3This churches are old. ................................................................................................................................
4I’ve got a flowers. ................................................................................................................................
5She’s an nice person.
................................................................................................................................
6These boy is James. ................................................................................................................................
7That women are tall. ................................................................................................................................
8Look at the two baby! ................................................................................................................................
9Two persons are in the room. ................................................................................................................................
10 It’s a orange. ................................................................................................................................
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3
Τhere is / Τhere are
Χρησιμοποιούμε there is (υπάρχει) για να μιλήσουμε για έναν άνθρωπο ή ένα ζώο
ή πράγμα που βρίσκεται κάπου.
There is a boy in the room.
There is a cat in the garden.
There is a school in the picture.
Χρησιμοποιούμε there are (υπάρχουν) για να μιλήσουμε για πολλούς ανθρώπους
ή πολλά ζώα ή πράγματα που υπάρχουν κάπου.
There are two men in the shop.
There are two horses in the field.
There are two beds in the room.
•Σχηματίζουμε την άρνηση με τη λέξη not.
There isn’t a cat in the garden.
There aren’t two horses in the field.
•Σχηματίζουμε ερωτήσεις αντιστρέφοντας το ρήμα (is/are) με το there, ως εξής:
Is there a cat in the garden?
Are there two beds in the room?
•Σχηματίζουμε σύντομες απαντήσεις, ως εξής:
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
1 Circle the correct answer.
1 There is / are two museums.
2There isn’t / aren’t a park here.
3There is / are a palace in the city.
4 ‘Is / Are there a swimming pool?’ ‘Yes, there is / are.’
5Is / Are there three bedrooms in the house?
6There is / are five hotels in the city.
7Is / Are there a window in the room?
8There isn’t / aren’t two CDs on the table.
2 Write is or are.
1There .................................... a book.
2There .................................... two chairs.
3There .................................... n’t two doors.
4.................................... there a boy in the room?
5.................................... there four windows in the room?
6 ‘.................................... there a cinema in your town?’
‘Yes, there .................................... .’
7There .................................... two apples on the table.
8There .................................... one child in the classroom.
9.................................... there computers at the school?
10.................................... there a tree in the garden?
3 Make negative sentences using
isn’t or aren’t.
1There .................................... a cinema in my town.
2There .................................... three boys. There are four.
3There .................................... a hospital here.
4There .................................... a TV in my room.
5There .................................... five elephants in the zoo.
6There .................................... two pens on the desk.
7There .................................... a baby in the room.
8There .................................... three children in the garden.
9There .................................... two glasses on the table.
10There .................................... a theatre here.
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3
4 Make questions.
6 Write what there is/are in your
room.
1there / a zoo / in your town / is
................................................................................................................................
?
2two boys / there / are / in your class
................................................................................................................................
?
3a clock / is / in this room / there
................................................................................................................................
There are ................................................................................................................
?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
5food / there / in the fridge / is
................................................................................................................................
?
6a computer / in / there / your room / is
................................................................................................................................
?
7 Correct the mistakes.
?
1There is red buses in London.
7two cats / are / in the garden / there
................................................................................................................................
8is / a book / on the shelf / there
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
?
2There aren’t a swimming pool in my town.
?
3There isn’t not a test today.
?
4There are a lion in the zoo.
9in the classroom / there / a teacher / is
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
10there / five kittens / are / in the box
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
?
4monkeys / there / in the forest / are
................................................................................................................................
There is ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
5Are there a television in your room?
5 Write short answers.
1Is there a pen on your desk?
................................................................................................................................
2Are there two books in your bag?
................................................................................................................................
3Is there a teacher in the room?
................................................................................................................................
4Are there two schools in your street?
................................................................................................................................
5Is there a supermarket near your house?
................................................................................................................................
6Is there two chairs?
................................................................................................................................
7There aren’t a monkey in the tree.
................................................................................................................................
8Is there two books on the bed?
................................................................................................................................
9There isn’t two cats under the table.
................................................................................................................................
10Are there a bike outside the house?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
6Are there toys in your bedroom?
................................................................................................................................
7Is there a cinema near your school?
................................................................................................................................
8Are there mice in your garden?
................................................................................................................................
9Is there a blue pen in your pencil case?
................................................................................................................................
10Are there two glasses on your desk?
................................................................................................................................
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6/24/08 11:43:03 AM
4
Countable/uncountable nouns
Υπάρχουν δύο είδη ουσιαστικών στα αγγλικά, τα μετρήσιμα (countable) και τα
μη μετρήσιμα (uncountable) ουσιαστικά.
•Τα μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά είναι αυτά που μπορούν να μετρηθούν και έχουν
πληθυντικό αριθμό.
one chair – two chairs, one cat – three cats, κλπ.
The cats are grey.
There is one chair in the room.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε a/an με μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά ενικού αριθμού.
a dog, an elephant
There is a mouse in the garden.
•Τα μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά είναι αυτά που δεν μπορούν να μετρηθούν (1, 2, 3, κλπ.)
και δεν έχουν πληθυντικό αριθμό. Το ρήμα που τα συνοδεύει είναι πάντα ενικού αριθμού.
Μερικά μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά είναι:
φαγητά: food, sugar, chocolate, butter, salt, pepper, spaghetti, cheese, rice,
bread, fruit, κλπ.
υγρά: oil, water, milk, juice, κλπ.
διάφορα: furniture, money, time, hair, weather, information
The furniture is modern.
The money is in the bag.
Some / any / a lot of / a few / a little / many / much
Nouns
Quantifiers some
any
a lot of
a few
P
Countable (plural)
P
P
P
Uncountable
P
P
P
a little many
much
P
P
P
•Χρησιμοποιούμε some σε καταφατικές προτάσεις με μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά
πληθυντικού αριθμού και με μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά.
I have got some pencils.
There is some milk in the glass.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε any σε αρνητικές και ερωτηματικές προτάσεις με μετρήσιμα
ουσιαστικά πληθυντικού αριθμού και με μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά.
Have you got any pencils? I haven’t got any pencils.
Is there any milk in the glass? There isn’t any milk in the glass.
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4
•Χρησιμοποιούμε a lot of σε καταφατικές προτάσεις με μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά
πληθυντικού αριθμού και με μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά.
There are a lot of cars in the street.
He eats a lot of fruit every day.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε a few σε καταφατικές προτάσεις με μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά
πληθυντικού αριθμού.
I have got a few apples.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε a little σε καταφατικές προτάσεις με μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά.
There is a little orange juice in the fridge.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε many σε αρνητικές κυρίως προτάσεις με μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά
πληθυντικού αριθμού.
There aren’t many children in the playground.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε much σε αρνητικές κυρίως προτάσεις με μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά.
There isn’t much money in the bank.
•Μπορούμε επίσης να σχηματίσουμε ερωτήσεις με How much/How many.
How many books are there on the table?
How much money have you got?
1 Cross out the wrong word(s).
3 Circle the correct answer.
1 a / some / one boy
1 Your hair is / are nice.
2
3
4
5
two / some / an girls
lot / some / a few pens
some / a little / a few cheese
a / many / some spaghetti
2 Write a, an, or – .
1 Do you like ............................... chocolate?
2 There is ............................... egg in the fridge.
3 I’ve got ............................... new hat.
4 Do you eat ............................... pizza?
5Have you got ............................... rabbit
or ............................... hamster?
2
3
4
5
6
The furniture is / are old.
These photos is / are very good.
Is / Are there a lot of people?
The rice is / are tasty!
There is / are not much bread.
4 Tick (P) the correct sentence.
1 a) There is a lot of money.
....................
2
3
4
5
....................
b) There are a lot of money.
a) I’ve got any pens.
b) I’ve got some pens.
a) There isn’t any cheese.
b) There isn’t some cheese.
a) Do you have an information?
b) Do you have any information?
a) My hair is black.
b) My hair are black.
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
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4
5 Put the words in the correct order.
4 I like ...................................... rice.
a) a few b) a
c) –
1 is / lot / of / a / food / there 5 ...................................... lions in your country?
a) Are there any b) Is there any
c) Is there some
d) Are there some
..................................................................................................................................
2 a / money / little / I’ve / got ..................................................................................................................................
3 there / is / juice / any ................................................................................................................................ ?
4 aren’t / any / there / desks ..................................................................................................................................
5 how / is / there / money / much .............................................................................................................................
?
6 got / much / I / milk / haven’t ..................................................................................................................................
7 aren’t / many / there / people ..................................................................................................................................
8 how / are / there / girls / many .............................................................................................................................
6 What’s in your house?
7 Circle the correct answer.
1 There is ...................................... elephant in the zoo.
b) an
c) –
6 There ...................................... some books on the desk.
a) is
b) – c) be
d) are
7 How ...................................... boys are there in your class?
a) much b) some c) many
d) lot
8 ...................................... bears in my city.
a) There isn’t any b) There isn’t some c) There aren’t some d) There aren’t any
9 Mum needs ...................................... cheese for the omelette.
a) much b) some c) many
d) a lot
10 There ...................................... in my room.
There is a/an ....................................................................................................
There are two/three/four .....................................................................
There are some ............................................................................................
There isn’t a ....................................................................................................
There aren’t many .....................................................................................
a) a
?
d) any
d) some
a) isn’t much furniture
b) aren’t many furniture
c) isn’t many furniture
d) aren’t much furniture
11 ...................................... apples are there?
a) How b) How much c) How many
d) How lot
12 There are ...................................... mistakes in my homework.
a) lot
b) many c) some
d) a few
2 I drink ...................................... water.
a) lot b) a lot c) a lot of d) lot of
3 Is there ...................................... bread?
a) many b) any c) a
d) an
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5
Can (ability and permission)
Negative
Long form
Short form
Question
I can
I cannot
I can’t
Can I ... ?
You can
You cannot
You can’t
Can you ... ?
He can
He cannot
He can’t
Can he ... ?
She can
She cannot
She can’t
Can she ... ?
It can
It cannot
It can’t
Can it ... ?
We can
We cannot
We can’t
Can we ... ?
You can
You cannot
You can’t
Can you ... ?
They can
They cannot
They can’t
Can they ... ?
Affirmative
Answer
Yes, I can.
No, I can’t.
Yes, you can.
No, you can’t.
Yes, he can.
No, he can’t.
Yes, she can.
No, she can’t.
Yes, it can.
No, it can’t.
Yes, we can.
No, we can’t.
Yes, you can.
No, you can’t.
Yes, they can.
No, they can’t.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε το ρήμα can όταν θέλουμε να μιλήσουμε για ικανότητα, δηλ. τι μπορεί ή δε
μπορεί κάποιος να κάνει. I can speak English.
I can’t speak French.
‘Can you ride a bike?’ ‘No, I can’t.’
•Επίσης χρησιμοποιούμε το ρήμα can όταν θέλουμε να ζητήσουμε την άδεια για να κάνουμε κάτι. Can I go out tonight?
Can we have some ice cream, please?
Θυμήσου ότι το ρήμα can ποτέ:
•δεν ακολουθείται από to.
•δεν παίρνει -s στο τρίτο ενικό πρόσωπο.
And / But
•Χρησιμοποιούμε and για να συνδέσουμε δύο καταφατικές ή δύο αρνητικές προτάσεις.
I can ride a bike and I can drive a car.
I can’t dance and I can’t sing.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε but για να συνδέσουμε μία καταφατική και μία αρνητική πρόταση.
I can sing but I can’t dance.
I can ride a bike but I can’t drive a car.
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5
Mum:No, (2) .................................... .You have homework
for school tomorrow.
Tony:But Mum, (3) .................................... do it first and
then (4) .................................... take me to the party.
Mum: (5) .................................... finish all your homework now?
Tony:Yes, Mum.
Mum:OK, then. Do your homework and I’ll take you to
the party.
1 Write can or can’t.
1Fish .................................... swim.
2Cats .................................... climb trees.
3My dad .................................... lift a bus.
4Spiderman .................................... fly.
5Horses .................................... run fast.
6Birds .................................... fly.
7Animals .................................... speak.
8Dolphins .................................... swim.
9Babies .................................... ride a bike.
10My mum .................................... fly a plane.
5 What do you say when you want ...
1to have a sandwich?
...................................................................................................................................
2 Circle the correct answer.
2to go to the cinema?
1 I can swim / swimming.
3to go to the park with a friend?
2
3
4
5
...................................................................................................................................
Harry can’t to go / go out tonight.
We can’t sing and / but we can’t dance.
Can you to help / help me?
Fred can speak French and / but he can’t speak German.
...................................................................................................................................
4a friend to tell you the answer?
...................................................................................................................................
5to ask your friend a question?
...................................................................................................................................
3 Put the words in the correct order.
6to have something to drink?
...................................................................................................................................
7to tell your friend a secret?
1speak / Italian / can / I
...................................................................................................................................
2this / Peter / understand / can’t
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
8to call your friend later?
...................................................................................................................................
3we / to the party / go / can
.................................................................................................................................
?
4you / can’t / see / I
...................................................................................................................................
5can’t / football / Fiona / play
...................................................................................................................................
6you / a bike / can / ride
...................................................................................................................................
7a kite / Jason / fly / can’t
...................................................................................................................................
8can / a DVD / watch / they / tonight
...................................................................................................................................
6 Write short answers.
1Can you ride a horse?
...................................................................................................................................
2Can your dad jump three metres?
...................................................................................................................................
3Can your mum drive a car?
...................................................................................................................................
4Can you play the piano?
...................................................................................................................................
5Can your friends speak English?
...................................................................................................................................
4 Complete the dialogue with these
phrases.
I can can I Can you you can you can’t
Tony:Mum, (1) .................................... go to Billy’s party
tonight?
6Can you fly a plane?
...................................................................................................................................
7Can your friend play basketball?
...................................................................................................................................
8Can you speak Russian?
...................................................................................................................................
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6/24/08 11:43:25 AM
6
Present continuous
Σχηματίζουμε τον present continuous με το ρήμα be (am/is/are) + ρήμα + την κατάληξη -ing.
Affirmative
Long form
Short form
I am eating
You are eating
He is eating
She is eating
It is eating
We are eating
You are eating
They are eating
Question
Am I eating?
Are you eating?
Is he eating?
Is she eating?
Is it eating?
Are we eating?
Are you eating?
Are they eating?
I am eating a sandwich.
He isn’t drinking milk.
I’m eating
You’re eating
He’s eating
She’s eating
It’s eating
We’re eating
You’re eating
They’re eating
Negative
Long form
Short form
I am not eating
You are not eating
He is not eating
She is not eating
It is not eating
We are not eating
You are not eating
They are not eating
I’m not eating
You aren’t eating
He isn’t eating
She isn’t eating
It isn’t eating
We aren’t eating
You aren’t eating
They aren’t eating
Answer
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is.
No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are.
No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
Are they watching TV? Yes, they are.
Are you reading a book? No, I’m not.
Χρησιμοποιούμε τον present continuous για να:
•μιλήσουμε για κάτι που συμβαίνει τώρα, αυτή τη στιγμή που μιλάμε.
I am writing a letter now.
Peter is having lunch at the moment.
•μιλήσουμε για κάτι που συμβαίνει προσωρινά, αυτόν τον καιρό.
I am staying at my aunt’s house these days.
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6
•περιγράψουμε φωτογραφίες, να μιλήσουμε για το τι συμβαίνει σε αυτές.
The two boys are playing a game.
That’s my mum. She’s sitting on the beach.
Χρονικές εκφράσεις με present continuous
Συνήθως χρησιμοποιούμε τις παρακάτω χρονικές εκφράσεις με τον present continuous:
now, at the moment, these days
Κανόνες ορθογραφίας
•Στα περισσότερα ρήματα προσθέτουμε απλώς την κατάληξη -ing.
walk – walking
start – starting
climb – climbing
•Τα μονοσύλλαβα ρήματα που λήγουν σε ένα μόνο σύμφωνο και πριν από αυτό υπάρχει ένα μόνο
φωνήεν, διπλασιάζουν το τελευταίο σύμφωνο πριν πάρουν την κατάληξη -ing.
sit – sitting run – running
swim - swimming
•Τα ρήματα που λήγουν σε -e, χάνουν το -e και μετά παίρνουν την κατάληξη -ing.
ride – riding
hide – hiding
make – making
•Τα ρήματα που λήγουν σε –ie, μετατρέπουν το -ie σε -y και μετά παίρνουν την κατάληξη -ing.
lie – lying
die – dying
1 Write the continuous form.
2 Write am, is or are.
1write
2say 3lie
4sit
5look
6rehearse
7die
9hold
10win
11 try
12 drive
13 run
14 swim
15 die
1Your friends .................................... waiting.
2Fantastic! We .................................... winning!
3I .................................... watching TV.
4David .................................... playing chess.
5The boys .................................... wearing jeans.
6The teacher .................................... talking.
7My brother .................................... playing football, but
I .................................... reading.
8My mum .................................... making dinner.
9John and Mary .................................... playing in the garden.
10 Sarah .................................... listening to a CD.
11 Dad .................................... lying on the sofa.
12 Jim and Jill .................................... watching TV.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
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6
3 Complete with the present
continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
4the dog / swim
?
................................................................................................................................
Yes, ....................................
We (1) .................................... (have) an English lesson. In today’s
lesson, the students (2) .................................... (learn) the present
continuous. Mr Smith, our teacher, (3) ....................................
(look) at our homework. I (4) .................................... (try) to do
a grammar exercise but I can’t do it because my friends,
Marianna and Christine, (5) .................................... (talk)!
5Fiona / watch TV
?
................................................................................................................................
Yes, ....................................
6Christina / drink a glass of milk
?
................................................................................................................................
Yes, ....................................
7Stuart / do his homework.
...............................................................................................................................
4 Make negative sentences using
isn’t or aren’t.
8James and Helen / play a computer game
................................................................................................................................
1My friends .................................... listening to music.
2He .................................... having a nice time.
3We .................................... making a cake.
4My sister .................................... eating a sandwich.
5Tom and Fred .................................... playing football now.
6Joy .................................... sleeping now.
7Harry and Mike .................................... playing volleyball.
8My dad .................................... driving a car now.
9Diane .................................... working a lot these days.
10The children .................................... drinking milk at the
moment.
9John / eat a sandwich
................................................................................................................................
?
Yes, ....................................
10Tom and Nick / read a comic
................................................................................................................................
?
No, ....................................
6 What are these people doing now?
1the students / play
?
Yes, ....................................
2you and your friends / run
................................................................................................................................
?
No, ....................................
5 Write questions and short answers.
...............................................................................................................................
?
No, ....................................
?
No, ....................................
1 I .............................................................................................................................
2 My mum .........................................................................................................
3 My dad ............................................................................................................
4 My teacher ...................................................................................................
5 My brother/sister ................................................................................... 6 My best friend ...........................................................................................
7 My grandma ................................................................................................
8 My grandpa ..................................................................................................
9 The children in my class ...................................................................
3you / sleep
................................................................................................................................
?
No, ....................................
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6/24/08 11:43:36 AM
7
Present simple / adverbs of frequency
Σχηματίζουμε τον present simple ως εξής:
Affirmative
Negative
Long form
Short form
Question
Answer
I like
I do not like
I don’t like
Do I like ... ?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
You like
You do not like
You don’t like
Do you like ... ?
Yes, you do.
No, you don’t.
He likes
He does
not like
He doesn’t like
Does he like ... ?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
She likes
She does not like
She doesn’t like
Does she like ... ?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
It likes
It does not like
It doesn’t like
Does it like ... ?
Yes, it does.
No, it doesn’t.
We like
We do not like
We don’t like
Do we like ... ?
Yes, we do.
No, we don’t.
You like
You do not like
You don’t like
Do you like ... ?
Yes, you do.
No, you don’t.
They like
They do
not like
They don’t like
Do they like ... ?
Yes, they do.
No, they don’t.
Χρησιμοποιούμε τον present simple για να μιλήσουμε για:
•μόνιμες καταστάσεις.
We live in a big house.
•επαναλαμβανόμενες πράξεις.
I go to school every day.
•γενικές αλήθειες.
The sun rises in the east.
•Με τον present simple χρησιμοποιούμε συνήθως τις παρακάτω χρονικές φράσεις:
in the morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the evening(s)
at night
on Sunday(s) / on Monday(s)
every day / every evening / every Sunday, κλπ.
I do my homework every evening.
I don’t go to school on Saturdays.
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7
Για να σχηματίσουμε το τρίτο ενικό πρόσωπο (he, she, it) του present simple, προσθέτουμε
ένα -s στο τέλος του ρήματος.
walk – He walks
start – She starts
snow – It snows
Κανόνες ορθογραφίας
Στα ρήματα που τελειώνουν σε σύμφωνο + -y,
διαγράφουμε το -y και προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ies.
try –tries
cry – cries
Αλλά: play – plays
Τα ρήματα που λήγουν σε -ss, -sh, -ch,
-x και -o, παίρνουν την κατάληξη -es.
wash – washes
watch – watches
go – goes
Adverbs of frequency – Επιρρήματα συχνότητας
•Χρησιμοποιούμε always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom ή never για να μιλήσουμε για
πράγματα που συμβαίνουν πάντα, συνήθως, συχνά, μερικές φορές, σπάνια ή ποτέ.
I always do my homework.
My brother sometimes watches television.
My parents often visit my grandmother.
Τα επιρρήματα συχνότητας μπαίνουν πριν το κυρίως ρήμα.
•Μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τα always, usually, often και σε αρνητικές προτάσεις.
I don’t always do my homework.
We don’t often eat fish.
My brother doesn’t usually listen to me.
He isn’t always late for school.
Τα επιρρήματα συχνότητας μπαίνουν μετά το ρήμα be και το βοηθητικό ρήμα do.
1 Circle the correct answer.
1 I like / likes English!
2 Dan play / plays football.
3 The boys live / lives in Athens.
4 The dog eat / eats a lot.
5 Tom trys / tries hard.
6 Jen washes / washies her hair.
7 Sam dos / does English with me.
8 Mum go / goes to work by bus.
9 The children watch / watches TV every evening.
10 I take / takes a walk in the forest every morning.
11 The baby cry / cries all the time!
12 He wash / washes his hair every day.
2 Make negative sentences using
don’t or doesn’t.
1The boys .................................... like French.
2I .................................... walk to school.
3My cat .................................... eat fish!
4Jim .................................... live here.
5The television .................................... work.
6My friend .................................... eat pizza
and I .................................... eat hamburgers.
7 James .................................... speak German.
8 Sue ....................................play computer games.
9 Tom .................................... read comics.
10 Michael and Mary .................................... drink milk.
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7
3 Find the adverbs of frequency and
use them in the sentences about you.
Across
2 You do this a lot.
3 You don’t do this – ever!
4 You do this quite a lot.
Down
1 You don’t do this all the time.
5 You do this all the time.
3
1usually / do / I / in the mornings / my homework
...............................................................................................................................
2never / we / on holiday / go / in the winter
...............................................................................................................................
3win / doesn’t / that football team / often
...............................................................................................................................
4sometimes / my parents / me / money / give
...............................................................................................................................
5always / play football / you / at weekends / do
1
2
4 Put the words in the correct order.
...............................................................................................................................
O
F
T
E
N
V
?
5 Write questions and short answers.
1she / live / with her sister
................................................................................................................................
?
No, ...........................................
2you / enjoy / English lessons
................................................................................................................................
?
Yes, ...........................................
4
U
5
3they / usually / eat meat
................................................................................................................................
?
No, ...........................................
W
4you / know / the answer
................................................................................................................................
?
Yes, ...........................................
1I .................................... do my homework.
2I .................................... go swimming.
3I .................................... write letters.
4I .................................... eat fish.
5I .................................... go to school on Saturdays.
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8
Present simple / present continuous
I go to school every day. (present simple)
I am going to school now. (present continuous)
•Θυμήσου ότι τον present simple τον χρησιμοποιούμε για μόνιμες καταστάσεις,
επαναλαμβανόμενες πράξεις και γενικές αλήθειες
I like sport. We go on holiday every year. Tigers run fast.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε τον present continuous για πράξεις που συμβαίνουν τώρα, τη στιγμή που
μιλάμε ή αυτό τον καιρό.
I’m doing my homework at the moment. Why are you shouting? John is working late this week.
•Υπάρχουν κάποια ρήματα που τα ονομάζουμε state verbs και τα οποία δεν τα
χρησιμοποιούμε στον present continuous. Μερικά από αυτά είναι:
like, love, hate, know, κλπ.
John likes ice cream a lot. I love pizza! She hates football! I know the answer to this question.
1 Underline the correct tense.
3 Write about something that you ...
1I don’t buy / am not buying a magazine every month.
1do every day. ...................................................................................................
2I am hating / hate this food.
3Do you know / Are you knowing Kate?
4Most days, my dad reads / is reading the newspaper.
5What’s funny? Why do you laugh / are you laughing?
6I usually sleep / am sleeping at home but today I sleep
/ am sleeping at my friend’s house.
2do on Sundays. ..............................................................................................
3are doing now. ................................................................................................
4usually do. ..........................................................................................................
5never do at the weekend. ......................................................................
2 Complete with the present
continuous or present simple form
of the words in brackets.
1I’m not liking tests.
Hi John,
How are you? I’m in my room and I (1) ...........................................
(write) this on my new computer. It’s great!
I (2) ........................................... (use) it every day. All this week, we
(3) ........................................... (have) tests at school and these days,
I (4) ........................................... (use) the computer to learn more
things about my lessons.The best thing is that it plays
DVDs and I sometimes (5) ........................................... (watch) films
on it. Of course, it also (6) ........................................... (play) CDs.
At the moment, I (7) ........................................... (listen) to a CD by
a group called My Chemical Romance.
(8) ........................................... (you / know) them?
Write soon,
Bill
3Are you playing football often?
4 Correct the mistakes.
...............................................................................................................................
2Bill is playing music every day.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
4Do you drinking coffee?
...............................................................................................................................
5Does he go to bed late always?
...............................................................................................................................
6They aren’t eat out every day.
................................................................................................................................
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9
Have got / haven’t got
Το ρήμα have got που σημαίνει έχω, κλίνεται ως εξής:
Affirmative
Long form Short
form
Negative
Long
Short
form
form
Short
answers
Question
I have got
I’ve got
I have
not got
I haven’t got
Have I got ... ?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
You have got
You’ve got
You have
not got
You
haven’t got
Have you got ... ?
Yes, you have.
No, you haven’t.
He has got
He’s got
He has
not got
He hasn’t got
Has he got ... ?
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn’t.
She has got
She’s got
She has
not got
She
hasn’t got
Has she got ... ?
Yes, she has.
No, she hasn’t.
It has got
It’s got
It has
not got
It
hasn’t got
Has it got ... ?
Yes, it has.
No, it hasn’t.
We have got
We’ve got
We have
not got
We
haven’t got
Have we got ... ?
Yes, we have.
No, we haven’t.
You have got
You’ve got
You have
not got
You
haven’t got
Have you got ... ?
Yes, you have.
No, you haven’t.
They have got
They’ve got
They have
not got
They
haven’t got
Have they got ...?
Yes, they have.
No, they haven’t.
I have got a red bicycle.
He has got a green car.
Jane has got a big house.
They have got two computers in their room.
Have you got a pen? No, I haven’t.
Has Jane got a blue coat? Yes, she has.
1 Circle the correct answer.
6 Ben hasn’t / haven’t got any money.
7 Jessica and I has / have got green bikes.
8 Nick and Mary has / have got a small car.
9 You hasn’t / haven’t got a car.
10 Has / Have you all got a computer?
1 I has / have got blue eyes.
2
3
4
5
What have / has you got there?
Have / Has John got my CD?
They has / have got long hair.
The robot has / have got wheels.
2 Look at the table and complete the sentences.
Luke
Christina
Pedro
Mat
Helen
Nick
bike
P
P
P
P
computer
DVD player
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
MP3 player
P
P
P
P
digital camera
P
P
P
mobile phone
P
P
P
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9
4 What have you got? What haven’t
you got?
1Luke .................................... a bike but he ....................................
a computer. He .................................... a DVD player and a
digital camera but he .................................... an MP3 player
or a mobile phone.
I’ve got ...........................................................................................................
2Christina .................................... a computer. She
.................................... an MP3 player and a digital camera but
she .................................... a DVD player or a mobile phone.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
5Helen .................................... a computer, a DVD player or
a digital camera. She .................................... a bike and she
.................................... an MP3 player, too.
a) Has
c) Does d) Can
3‘Have we got all the books?’ ‘Yes, .................................... .’
a) we do b) we have c) we’ve d) have we
1the twins / brown hair
4Steve and Jane are happy because .................................... lots
of money.
a) they are got
b) they have got
c) have they got
d) have got they
?
5.................................... got brothers or sisters.
a) I don’t b) I don’t have
c) I’ve haven’t
d) I haven’t
?
6‘Have I got a red nose ?’ ‘No, .................................... .’
a) haven’t got
b) haven’t you
c) you haven’t
d) you haven’t got
?
7.................................... a French book?
a) Has got he
b) Have got he
c) Has he got
d) Have he got
?
8You .................................... a red bike.
a) hasn’t got
b) haven’t got
c) have not
d) has got not
Yes, ...........................................
2we / any cheese.
No, ...........................................
3Peter / a pen
No, ...........................................
4your computer / a DVD player
Yes, ...........................................
b) Have
2A cat .................................... a tail.
a) have got
b) haven’t got
c) hasn’t got
d) has got
3 Write questions and short answers.
................................................................................................................................
5 Circle the correct answer.
1.................................... Mary got my bike?
6Nick .................................... a digital camera.
He .................................... a bike and a computer.
He .................................... a DVD player and an MP3 player.
He .................................... a mobile phone, too.
................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
4Mat .................................... a computer, a DVD player and an
MP3 player. Also he .................................... a mobile phone
but he .................................... a bike or a digital camera.
................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
I haven’t got ...............................................................................................
3Pedro .................................... a DVD player and he
.................................... an MP3 player. He .................................... a
bike and a computer. Also, he .................................... a digital
camera and a mobile phone.
................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
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Be: past simple
Ο αόριστος του ρήματος be σχηματίζεται ως εξής:
Affirmative
Negative
Long form Short form
Question
I was
I was not
I wasn’t
Was I ... ?
You were
You were not
You weren’t
Were you ... ?
He was
He was not
He wasn’t
Was he ... ?
She was
She was not
She wasn’t
Was she ... ?
It was
It was not
It wasn’t
Was it ... ?
We were
We were not
We weren’t
Were we ... ?
You were
You were not
You weren’t
Were you ... ?
They were
They were not
They weren’t
Were they ... ?
He wasn’t happy.
Fiona wasn’t tired yesterday.
Answer
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
Yes, you were.
No, you weren’t.
Yes, he was.
No, he wasn’t.
Yes, she was.
No, she wasn’t.
Yes, it was.
No, it wasn’t.
Yes, we were.
No, we weren’t.
Yes, you were.
No, you weren’t.
Yes, they were.
No, they weren’t.
When I was 4, I wasn’t very tall.
Were your friends here yesterday? No, they weren’t.
Χρησιμοποιούμε τον simple past του ρήματος be για να μιλήσουμε για πράγματα που ίσχυαν ή
που συνέβησαν στο παρελθόν αλλά τώρα πια έχουν τελειώσει.
I was at a party last Saturday.
When Georgia was a baby, her hair was blonde. (Her hair isn’t blonde anymore.)
Χρονικές εκφράσεις που χρησιμοποιούμε με τον past simple:
yesterday, last night/Saturday/week/year, in 2005, κλπ.
1 Complete with was or were.
1 My dad .................................... good at football.
2 The girls .................................... happy.
3 Our test .................................... very difficult yesterday.
4 He .................................... strong and clever.
5 How many people .................................... there last night?
6 Her hair .................................... not long.
7 Faye .................................... ten in 2005.
8 Jim and Mike .................................... sad yesterday.
9 The dog .................................... on the sofa.
10 The boys .................................... at school.
11 The girls .................................... in the garden.
12 She .................................... in the classroom.
2 Complete the text with these words.
was (x3)
were (x2)
wasn’t
weren’t
I had a fantastic time yesterday. It (1) ....................................
a really good day. We (2) .................................... at school
because it (3) .................................... Sunday. My mum and dad
(4) .................................... out, and my sister (5) ....................................
in the house. My best friend and I (6) .................................... at
home alone and we played all day. It (7) .................................... great!
3 Put the words in the correct order.
1 test / that / easy / was
...............................................................................................................................
?
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10
2Rob / at home / yesterday / wasn’t
5Mat and Tom / at a party / last Saturday
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3you / at school / were / in the morning
...............................................................................................................................
6Natalie / in England / last year
4here / wasn’t / Ann / on Monday
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
7Mat / at work / last Sunday
...............................................................................................................................
6tall / wasn’t / when I was young / I
...............................................................................................................................
4 Correct the sentences.
6L
ook at the table and complete
the sentences with was/wasn’t,
were/weren’t.
James Bond was ugly. (handsome)
James Bond wasn’t ugly. He was handsome.
...............................................................................................................................
1The test was difficult. (easy)
actor
...............................................................................................................................
2The city was big. (small)
...............................................................................................................................
3The man was tall. (short)
...............................................................................................................................
4Alexander was English. (American)
...............................................................................................................................
5The bags were heavy. (light) ...............................................................................................................................
6The street was busy. (quiet)
...............................................................................................................................
5 Write questions and short answers.
1the weather / nice / yesterday
?
No, ....................................
?
Yes, ....................................
3Zorro and Popeye / heroes
?
Yes, ....................................
4you / at school / last Wednesday
...............................................................................................................................
No, ....................................
Marilyn
Monroe
Pablo
Picasso
James
Joyce
Cary
Grant
James
Dean
Oscar
Wilde
Vincent
van Gogh
Natalie
Wood
actress
painter
writer
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
1Marilyn Monroe and Natalie Wood ....................................
2Alexander / strong and clever
...............................................................................................................................
?
No, ....................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
?
Yes, ....................................
5weren’t / we / at sport / good
...............................................................................................................................
?
No, ....................................
?
writers. They .................................... actresses.
2.................................... James Dean a painter?
No, he .................................... . He .................................... an actor.
3Vincent van Gogh .................................... a painter.
4James Joyce .................................... a writer.
He .................................... an actor.
5Cary Grant .................................... a painter.
He .................................... an actor.
7Oscar Wilde .................................... an actor.
He .................................... a writer.
8Pablo Picasso .................................... a painter.
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11
Past simple (regular / irregular verbs)
Χρησιμοποιούμε τον past simple για να
μιλήσουμε για:
•πράξεις που συνέβησαν σε συγκεκριμένη
στιγμή στο παρελθόν.
I walked to school yesterday morning.
•επαναλαμβανόμενες πράξεις στο παρελθόν.
When Tom was fifteen, he walked to school
every day.
•Σχηματίζουμε τον αρνητικό τύπο ως εξής:
did not / didn’t + ρήμα
I did not / didn’t walk to school this morning.
•Σχηματίζουμε τον ερωτηματικό
τύπο ως εξής:
Did + you/he/she/κλπ. + ρήμα
Did you go? (not Did you went?)
Did he finish his homework? (not Did he finished?)
•Σχηματίζουμε τις σύντομες απαντήσεις ως εξής:
Yes, I/she/he/ κλπ. did.
No, I/she/he/ κλπ. did not / didn’t.
Κανόνες ορθογραφίας
•Στα περισσότερα ρήματα
προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ed στο τέλος.
walk – walked
start – started
climb – climbed
•Τα ρήματα τα οποία λήγουν σε ένα σύμφωνο και πριν
από αυτό υπάρχει ένα μόνο φωνήεν, διπλασιάζουν το
σύμφωνο και μετά παίρνουν την κατάληξη -ed.
stop – stopped
clap – clapped
•Στα ρήματα που ήδη λήγουν σε -e, προσθέτουμε -d
στο τέλος.
love – loved
change – changed
like – liked
•Στα ρήματα που λήγουν σε
-y, διαγράφουμε το -y και
προσθέτουμε -ied στο τέλος.
try – tried
cry – cried
carry – carried
Υπάρχουν κάποια ρήματα που δεν ακολουθούν
κανέναν από αυτούς τους κανόνες αλλά σχηματίζουν
τον past simple εντελώς διαφορετικά. Αυτά είναι τα
ανώμαλα ρήματα. Μερικά από αυτά είναι:
eat – ate
drink – drank
think – thought
go – went
Μελέτησε τα ανώμαλα ρήματα και μάθε όσα περισσότερα μπορείς!
1 Write the past simple of these
regular verbs.
laugh
finish
want
like
walk
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
2 Circle the correct answer.
1 He pointted / pointed at me.
wave ..........................................
clap ..........................................
play ..........................................
talk ..........................................
change ..........................................
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
We stopped / stoped for lunch.
Bill looked / lookked at the book.
They visitted / visited their aunt.
Mary cried / cryed at the film.
I studied / studyed for the test.
Mum shouted / shoutted at him.
We all loved / lovved the story.
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11
3 Write the negatives.
1I looked at my homework.
...............................................................................................................................
2I phoned you last night.
...............................................................................................................................
3They wanted to eat.
7Mike / post the letter
............................................................................................................................... ?
Yes, ....................................
8Juliette / laugh at the joke
............................................................................................................................... ?
No, ....................................
...............................................................................................................................
4The boys liked the film.
...............................................................................................................................
5You worked hard.
5H
ow many irregular verbs can you
fill in?
...............................................................................................................................
6It rained on Monday.
...............................................................................................................................
7I believed the story.
...............................................................................................................................
become–
begin –
break –
bring –
buy
–
do
–
draw –
drink –
drive –
eat
–
..............................
G
H
I
J
K
L
get
give
go
have
hold
–
–
–
–
–
..............................
M
N
O
P
Q
R
make
mean
meet
put
read
–
–
–
–
–
..............................
–
–
–
–
–
..............................
S
say
see
sing
sit
shake
A
B
C
8Sam walked to school.
...............................................................................................................................
9Terry climbed up the mountain.
...............................................................................................................................
10Jane changed her clothes.
D
E
F
...............................................................................................................................
4 Write questions and short answers.
1he / take / the money
............................................................................................................................... ?
Yes, ....................................
2you / cycle / to school
............................................................................................................................... ?
No, ....................................
3he / finish / his homework
............................................................................................................................... ?
Yes, ....................................
4Mark / believe / you
............................................................................................................................... ?
No, ....................................
5you / stop and look
............................................................................................................................... ?
Yes, ....................................
6they / watch TV
............................................................................................................................... ?
No, ....................................
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
..............................
..............................
..............................
can
–
choose –
come –
cut
–
..............................
fall
find
fly
forget
–
–
–
–
..............................
know
learn
leave
lose
–
–
–
–
..............................
rewrite –
ride –
ring –
run
–
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
sleep
speak
.............................. stand
.............................. swim
..............................
–
–
–
–
..............................
–
–
–
–
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
take – ..............................
teach – ..............................
tell
– ..............................
think – ..............................
understand–...........................
wake
wear
win
write
..............................
..............................
..............................
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11
6 Match the present to the past.
1 wear
2 tell
3 say
4 wake
5 see
6 ring
7 teach
8 get
9 run
10 go
a taught
b woke
c ran
d saw
e went
f told
g wore
h rang
i said
j got
8 Tick the correct sentences.
Rewrite the incorrect ones.
1I didn’t knew the answer.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
2She learnt to drive a car.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
3Did you drank all the milk?
....................
...............................................................................................................................
4We flew to London.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
5What time did they left?
....................
...............................................................................................................................
7 Find the past verbs and use them
in the sentences.
6After the lesson, we sang a song.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
7The girls didn’t understood me.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
L
O
S
T
A
L
I
O
P
B
F
R
W
A
D
O
P
Q
E
D
G
V
S
O
P
K
U
J
N
B
E
G
A
N
S
N
T
U
Y
G
C
F
U
X
D
A
T
P
E
F
G
T
N
E
B
U
L
M
O
H
E
M
R
O
J
O
I
R
J
R
I
S
U
S
P
N
G
K
W
Y
T
G
X
Y
X
O
E
O
R
O
H
K
E
R
T
E
P
C
O
T
R
S
T
G
S
F
S
D
I
Q
D
Y
D
D
C
N
S
D
P
E
F
E
L
L
G
S
1
2
3
4
5
6
8I throwed the ball to him.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
9I sayed ‘Happy Birthday’ to my friend
this morning.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
10We were late and we ran
into the classroom.
....................
...............................................................................................................................
11 They stayed at home last night. ....................
...............................................................................................................................
12Where did she went? ....................
...............................................................................................................................
13What did she bought? ....................
...............................................................................................................................
14What time did you call me? ....................
...............................................................................................................................
15When did they buy the new car? ....................
...............................................................................................................................
We won.You .................................... !
They .................................... a new car.
You .................................... my birthday!
Penny .................................... in the river!
The lesson .................................... at 9 am.
Pete .................................... the question but I didn’t.
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Subject and object pronouns; possessive adjectives
and pronouns; possessive ’s; whose
11
12
Subject and object pronouns
Τις προσωπικές αντωνυμίες (personal pronouns) τις χρησιμοποιούμε έτσι ώστε να μη
χρειάζεται συνέχεια να επαναλαμβάνουμε τα κύρια ονόματα ή τα ουσιαστικά. Υπάρχουν οι
προσωπικές αντωνυμίες που χρησιμοποιούνται σε θέση υποκειμένου (subject pronouns) και
οι προσωπικές αντωνυμίες που χρησιμοποιούνται σε θέση αντικειμένου (object pronouns).
• Ο
ι προσωπικές αντωνυμίες σε θέση υποκειμένου είναι: I, you, he, she, it, we και they. Angela and Jennifer are my friends. They are sisters.
(Αντί να πούμε: Angela and Jennifer are my friends. Angela and Jennifer are sisters.)
• Ο
ι προσωπικές αντωνυμίες σε θέση αντικειμένου είναι: me, you, him, her, it, us και them.
Αντί
να πούμε:
Μπορούμε να πούμε:
These exercises are hard – I can’t do these exercises. These exercises are hard – I can’t do them.
Who is Helen? I don’t know Helen.
Who is Helen? I don’t know her.
They all looked at me.
They invited us to the party.
Possessive adjectives and pronouns
Χρησιμοποιούμε τα κτητικά επίθετα (possessive adjectives) και τις κτητικές αντωνυμίες
(possessive pronouns) για να πούμε ότι κάτι ανήκει σε κάποιον.
• Τ
α κτητικά επίθετα είναι: my, your, his, her, its, our και their. Το κτητικό επίθετο μπαίνει
πριν από το ουσιαστικό.
It’s my bike.
Is this your homework?
Our mum and their mum are friends.
• Ο
ι κτητικές αντωνυμίες είναι: mine, yours, his, hers, ours και theirs. Οι κτητικές αντωνυμίες
χρησιμοποιούνται αντί των ουσιαστικών.
It’s not your bike – it’s mine.
This is my homework – yours is over there.
Possessive ’s
Whose
Χρησιμοποιούμε ’s για να πούμε ότι κάτι ανήκει
σε κάποιον άνθρωπο ή σε κάποιο ζώο. Δεν
χρησιμοποιούμε ’s με πράγματα. Αν η λέξη τελειώνει
ήδη σε -s, τότε χρησιμοποιούμε μόνο την απόστροφο.
This is Harry’s book.
That’s the dog’s bed.
It is our teacher’s pen.
Our parents’ bedroom.
Χρησιμοποιούμε την ερωτηματική λέξη whose
(ποιανού, ποιου) για να ρωτήσουμε σε ποιον ανήκει κάτι.
Whose is this book?
Whose friend is he?
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12
5 Put the words in the correct order.
1 Complete the table.
Personal
subject
pronouns
Personal
object
pronouns
Possessive
adjectives
Possessive
pronouns
I
me
my
....................
you
....................
....................
yours
he
him
....................
his
she
....................
her
....................
it
it
....................
–
we
us
our
....................
they
....................
....................
theirs
2 Circle the correct word.
1 Please help I / me with the exercise.
2
3
4
5
6
Whose / Who’s bag is this?
This is Bill’s / Bills’ bag.
Can you come with we / us?
It’s my parents / parents’ room.
Where are my CDs? I can’t find they / them!
3 Write the personal pronouns.
1 Jeff is my brother.
2
3
4
5
Mary is very tall.
My brother and I like it!
The test is difficult.
The boys play football.
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
1is / my / bag / this
...............................................................................................................................
2their / she / mum / is
...............................................................................................................................
3books / are / those / mine
...............................................................................................................................
4them / like / don’t / I
...............................................................................................................................
5to be quiet / us / tells / our teacher
...............................................................................................................................
6 Write the apostrophes (’).
1 She is my mothers sister.
2
3
4
5
That is Gregorys book.
Here is the childrens room.
I know all my teachers names.
That boys name is Ryan.
7W
rite answers to the questions. Use
the words in brackets to help you.
Whose bag is this? (me)
It’s mine.
...............................................................................................................................
1Whose sister is she? (my mum)
...............................................................................................................................
2Whose books are they? (you)
...............................................................................................................................
3Whose car is it? (Tommy)
...............................................................................................................................
4Whose toy is this? (Maria)
4 Complete with a possessive adjective.
1 Maria’s clothes are nice. I like .................................... clothes.
2 The dog isn’t eating. .................................... food is here.
3The boys want to play. They’ve got ....................................
football with them.
4 We need to correct all .................................... mistakes.
5 Good children are always nice to .................................... parents.
6No, that’s my bag, not yours! .................................... bag is
over there.
...............................................................................................................................
8 Fill in the gaps with one word.
1That CD is not .................................... . It’s mine.
Give .................................... back, please!
2You have a classroom and .................................... have a
classroom. Ours is here. .................................... is over there.
3Those books are Simon’s. Give .................................... to the
teacher, please.
4I’ve got a good computer game. Come and play with
.................................... .
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13
Must / mustn’t / have to
Χρησιμοποιούμε συνήθως must και mustn’t για να μιλήσουμε για κανόνες.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε must για να πούμε τι πρέπει να κάνει κάποιος.
You must listen to your teacher.
You must do your homework.
•Χρησιμοποιούμε mustn’t για να πούμε τι δεν πρέπει να κάνει κάποιος.
We mustn’t (must not) talk in the lesson.
You mustn’t (must not) touch the ball with your hands.
Πρόσεξε ότι δεν βάζουμε to μετά το must/mustn’t.
•Μερικές φορές μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε
have to αντί για must (όχι όμως αντί για mustn’t).
You have to do your homework.
1 Circle the correct phrase.
1 They must to go / must go now.
2 You must not / have not shout.
3 Jo mustn’t / must to not do that.
4 We have to / must to get a goal.
2 Look at the list of activities and
complete the table with the school
rules. Use must or mustn’t.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
talk in the lesson
have long hair (boys)
eat in the classroom
remember your books
run in the school
use your mobile phone
listen to music
do all your homework
talk politely to your teacher
ride your bike in the school
be quiet during the lesson
wear make-up (girls)
listen to the teacher
SCHOOL RULES
P
O
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
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13
3 What do you say if you see
someone who is ...
1writing on the desk?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
2walking in the road?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
3eating with dirty hands?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
4throwing a mobile phone?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
5playing tennis with a broken arm?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
6swimming in a dirty river?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
7dropping litter in the street?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
8rude to their teacher?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
9feeding the animals in the zoo?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
10 playing very loud music late at night?
You mustn’t .....................................................................................................
4 What do you have to do ...
1today?
...............................................................................................................................
2tonight?
...............................................................................................................................
3tomorrow?
...............................................................................................................................
4at the weekend?
...............................................................................................................................
5every day?
5C
omplete the dialogue using
must /mustn’t and a verb in the list.
hit (x2)
have
go
be
try
Freddy: Harry, can you teach me how to play tennis?
Harry:It’s easy, but if you want to play tennis, you
(1) ...................................................... fit! And you
(2) ...................................................... two or four players.
Freddy:How do you start?
Harry:First, you (3) ...................................................... the ball
over the net to the other side, but the ball
(4) ...................................................... outside the white lines.
Freddy:Can the ball touch the ground?
Harry:Yes, but you (5) ...................................................... it before
it touches the ground a second time.
Freddy: How do you win?
Harry: Well, you (6) ...................................................... to hit the
ball where the other player can’t hit it back.
Freddy:Sounds fun. Do you want a game?
6H
elp protect the environment.
What must/mustn’t you do?
Write sentences.
• recycle paper P
• use the car every day O
• switch off the lights when not in the room P
• ride your bike more often P
• use plastic shopping bags O
• keep the beaches clean P
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
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Question words (who, what, where, which)
14
Χρησιμοποιούμε τις ερωτηματικές λέξεις για να κάνουμε ερωτήσεις και να μάθουμε
διάφορα πράγματα. Χρησιμοποιούμε:
•Who Ποιος (για ανθρώπους)
Who is that man?
Who is going to come to the party?
•What Τι (για ζώα και πράγματα)
What is his name?
What colour is your bike?
•Which Π
οιο (όταν υπάρχει περιορισμένη
επιλογή μεταξύ π.χ. δύο ανθρώπων,
ζώων ή πραγμάτων)
Which car is his, the blue car or the red car?
Which animal do you like more, a cat or a dog?
•Where Πού
Where is the party?
Where are you going?
1 Write who, what, where or which.
4 Correct the mistakes.
1
1Which time is it?
2
3
4
5
6
is your car – the blue one?
............................ do you go to school?
............................ is your teacher’s name?
............................ bought you that present?
............................ did you get your dog?
............................ do you want for dinner?
............................
...............................................................................................................................
2What did you put my keys?
...............................................................................................................................
3Where is your favourite singer?
...............................................................................................................................
4Who boy found all the answers?
...............................................................................................................................
2 Match the questions to the answers.
5Where house do you live in?
1
2
3
4
6Who is that man’s name?
Who is that?
What is that?
Where is your mum’s car? Which car is your mum’s?
a It’s at home.
b It’s my mum.
c It’s this one.
d It’s my mum’s car.
3 Put the words in the correct order.
1CD / which / you / buy / did
...............................................................................................................................
?
2my / mobile / broke / who
...............................................................................................................................
?
3go / where / on holiday / you / did
...............................................................................................................................
?
4song / like / you / do / which
...............................................................................................................................
?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
5 Write the question words who,
what, where or which.
Tina:(1) .................................... buys your clothes? Do you
buy them or does your mum buy them for you?
Sarah:Sometimes my mum buys me things, but I
usually buy my own clothes.
Tina: (2) .................................... do you usually go shopping?
Sarah: In town.There are lots of good clothes shops there.
Tina:(3) .................................... shop is your favourite?
Sarah:There’s a shop called Top Girl. I love their
clothes, but they are a bit expensive.
Tina:(4) .................................... was the last thing you bought
there?
Sarah:This jacket. Do you like it?
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15
be going to
Χρησιμοποιούμε be (am, is, are) going to για να αναφερθούμε στο μέλλον.
I’m going to meet my friends tomorrow.
The weather is going to be very hot tomorrow.
Οι τύποι του be going to είναι οι εξής:
Affirmative
Long
Short
form
form
Negative
Short
Long form
form
Question
Answer
I am
going to
I’m going
to
I am not
going to
I’m not
going to
Am I
going to ... ?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
You are
going to
You’re
going to
You are not
going to
You aren’t
going to
Are you
going to...?
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
He is
going to
He’s
going to
He is not
going to
He isn’t
going to
Is he
going to ... ?
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
She is
going to
She’s
going to
She is not
going to
She isn’t
going to
Is she
going to ... ?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
It is
going to
It’s
going to
It is not
going to
It isn’t
going to
Is it
going to ... ?
Yes, it is.
No, it isn’t.
We are
going to
We’re
going to
We are
not going to
We aren’t
going to
Are we
going to ... ?
Yes, we are.
No, we aren’t.
You are
going to
You’re
going to
You are not
going to
You aren’t
going to
Are you
going to...?
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
They are
going to
They’re
going to
They are not
going to
They aren’t
going to
Are they
going to ... ?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
I’m going to win!
I’m not going to win!
Am I going to win?
It’s going to rain.
It isn’t going to rain.
Is it going to rain?
Χρησιμοποιούμε (am, is, are) going to για να μιλήσουμε για πράγματα που σχεδιάζουμε να κάνουμε στο
μέλλον ή για πράγματα που είναι σίγουρο ότι θα συμβούν.
I’m going to visit my grandma on Sunday.
George is going to be doctor.
34
SmashGrammar_I.indd 34
6/24/08 11:45:13 AM
15
1 Write am, is or are.
4 What are Sally and Ben going to do
on holiday? Write sentences.
1 Nigel .................................... going to win.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
You .................................... going to lose.
They .................................... going to eat.
It .................................... not going to rain.
The dog .................................... going to bite you!
.................................... we going to play football?
Where .................................... she going to go?
I .................................... going to learn the guitar.
Sally
Ben
go to the beach
P
O
go to
the mountains
O
P
P
P
P
P
P
O
O
P
O
O
ride a bike
sleep a lot
2 Write the short forms.
1I am going to buy a car.
...............................................................................................................
2It is not going to snow.
...............................................................................................................
3We are not going to have a test.
...............................................................................................................
4You are going to fall!
...............................................................................................................
5She is not going to have a party.
...............................................................................................................
build
a sandcastle
build
a tree house
go to school
1Sally is .............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2She isn’t ........................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3Ben is .............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
6‘We are going to fail the test!’
...............................................................................................................
‘No, we are not!’
4Ben isn’t ........................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
5They are .......................................................................................................
6They aren’t .................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3 Complete the text with these
words and the correct form of be
going to.
buy (not) cook have invite
(not) listen make watch
Tom and Crissy (1) .................................... a party. They
(2) .................................... all their friends. Tom (3) ..................................
balloons. Crissy (4) .................................... hamburgers, she
(5) .................................... lots of salads. Tom and Crissy’s parents
(6) .................................... to the music! They (7) .................................... a
DVD.
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SmashGrammar_I.indd 35
6/24/08 11:45:13 AM
16
Will / Won’t
Χρησιμοποιούμε will για να αναφερθούμε στο μέλλον.
Affirmative
Long
Short
form
form
I will go
I’ll go
You will go
You’ll go
He will go
He’ll go
She will go
She’ll go
It will go
It’ll go
We will go
We’ll go
You will go
You’ll go
They
will go
They’ll go
Negative
Short
Long form
form
Question
I will not go
I won’t go
Will I go?
You won’t go
Will you go?
He won’t go
Will he go?
She won’t go
Will she go?
It won’t go
Will it go?
We won’t go
Will we go?
You won’t go
Will you go?
They
won’t go
Will they go?
You will
not go
He will
not go
She will
not go
It will not go
We will
not go
You will
not go
They will
not go
Answer
Yes, I will.
No, I won’t.
Yes, you will.
No, you won’t.
Yes, he will.
No, he won’t.
Yes, she will.
No, she won’t.
Yes, it will.
No, it won’t.
Yes, we will.
No, we won’t.
Yes, you will.
No, you won’t.
Yes, they will.
No, they won’t.
I’ll see you next week.
We’ll go to a party tomorrow.
Χρησιμοποιούμε will/won’t + verb:
•για να μιλήσουμε για πράγματα που θα συμβούν ή
όχι στο μέλλον.
I’ll see you next week.
Kate will be at home at 12 o’ clock.
•για να μιλήσουμε για κάτι που νομίζουμε εμείς ότι
θα συμβεί ή όχι στο μέλλον.
I think Jason will pass his test.
‘Will Liverpool win the football match again?’ ‘
Yes, I think they will. / No, I don’t think they will.’
People will have more free time in the future.
•για να προσφερθούμε ή να αρνηθούμε να
κάνουμε κάτι.
I’ll help you with your homework.
No, I won’t tell you the answers to the test!
•όταν δίνουμε μια υπόσχεση.
I’ll call you tonight at home.
I’ll study very hard for the test.
•όταν αποφασίζουμε αυθόρμητα να κάνουμε κάτι.
I’m hungry. I’ll make a sandwich.
The phone is ringing. I’ll answer it.
Θυμήσου ότι δεν χρησιμοποιούμε ποτέ to
μετά το will.
You will find the answers at the back
of the book. (not You will to find ...)
Χρονικές εκφράσεις με το will:
tomorrow, next week, next year
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SmashGrammar_I.indd 36
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16
1 Write the short forms.
4you / will / me / help / please
1I will ......................................................................................................................
5‘the boys / win / will’
...............................................................................................................................
2She will ..............................................................................................................
3They will ..........................................................................................................
4We will ..............................................................................................................
5I will not ...........................................................................................................
6We will not ....................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
?
?
6‘won’t / they / no’
...............................................................................................................................
4 Write short answers.
2 Put will in the correct place.
1Will your favourite team win its next match?
1 In 50 years, people travel to work by helicopter.
2Will we have robots to do our homework?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
3Will you leave school at 16?
2You help me with this exercise?
...............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
4Will you pass your next test?
3Children not go to school in the future.
...............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
5Will the weather be nice tomorrow?
4One day, I be rich.
...............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
6Will someone give you lots of money soon?
5We ever live on the Moon?
...............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
6I send you a postcard!
................................................................................................................................
5 Write about you. What will/won’t
you do ...
7I go to bed.
................................................................................................................................
8We go to the beach on Saturday!
1later today?
................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2when you get some money?
3 Put the words in the correct order.
1carry / I’ll / books / your
3when you leave school?
...............................................................................................................................
4when you see your best friend?
...............................................................................................................................
2won’t / Margaret / this test / pass
...............................................................................................................................
5when you’re 30?
...............................................................................................................................
3we / new computers / have / will
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
?
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SmashGrammar_I.indd 37
6/24/08 11:45:24 AM
17
Will / be going to
will
be going to
για πράγματα που θα
συμβούν στο μέλλον
Luke will go to
England next month.
για πράγματα που
σχεδιάζουμε να
κάνουμε στο μέλλον
I’m going to
visit my grandma
on Sunday.
για πράγματα που
νομίζουμε εμείς ότι θα
συμβούν στο μέλλον
I think we will have
robots in our homes
in 50 years.
για πράγματα που
είναι σίγουρο ότι θα
συμβούν
Look! It’s going
to rain soon.
για να προσφερθούμε
ή να αρνηθούμε να
κάνουμε κάτι
I’ll help you carry
these heavy bags.
όταν δίνουμε μια
υπόσχεση
I’ll give you the
money back next
week.
όταν αποφασίζουμε
αυθόρμητα να κάνουμε
κάτι
There’s someone at
the door. I’ll go and
see.
1 Complete the sentences with the
correct form of be going to or will
and the verb in brackets.
1 a)Sara is sleeping at her grandparents’ house this
evening.
b)Yes, her parents .......................................................... (paint)
her bedroom at the weekend.
2 a)It’s Saturday, tomorrow! Great!
b)Yes, I think I .......................................................... (get up) late
tomorrow.
3 a)You can read my comic if you like.
b)Thanks very much! I .......................................................... (give)
it to you on Monday.
4 a)Why are all those people buying tickets?
b)They .......................................................... (watch) a football
match.
5 a)What’s wrong with Jamie?
b)He .......................................................... (not tidy) his room
because he’s very tired!
6 a)Thanks for the money. I ..........................................................
(give) it back to you next week.
b)No problem. What ..........................................................
(you/do) with it?
7 a)I’m a little hungry. I ..........................................................
(make) a sandwich.
b)Mum .......................................................... (order) pizza for
everybody soon. Be patient!
8 a)I think I .......................................................... (fail) the maths
test. I don’t understand anything.
b)Don’t say that. I .......................................................... (help)
you study and you ..........................................................(be) fine.
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SmashGrammar_I.indd 38
6/24/08 11:45:34 AM
18
Comparative/superlative
Χρησιμοποιούμε τον συγκριτικό (comparative) και υπερθετικό (superlative) βαθμό των
επιθέτων για να συγκρίνουμε διάφορα πρόσωπα ή πράγματα μεταξύ τους. Χρησιμοποιούμε τον
συγκριτικό βαθμό όταν θέλουμε να συγκρίνουμε δύο πρόσωπα ή πράγματα μεταξύ τους και τον
υπερθετικό βαθμό όταν θέλουμε να συγκρίνουμε πολλά πρόσωπα ή πράγματα μεταξύ τους.
• Σχηματίζουμε τον συγκριτικό βαθμό
των μονοσύλλαβων και δισύλλαβων
επιθέτων προσθέτοντας την κατάληξη -er.
Ακολουθεί πάντα η λέξη than. high – higher than
low – lower than
old – older than
• Σχηματίζουμε τον υπερθετικό βαθμό των
μονοσύλλαβων και δισύλλαβων επιθέτων
προσθέτοντας την κατάληξη -est.
Προηγείται πάντα η λέξη the. high – the highest
low – the lowest
old – the oldest
Κανόνες ορθογραφίας
comparative
superlative
Τα επίθετα που λήγουν σε -e, παίρνουν απλώς την
κατάληξη -r.
nice – nicer than
safe – safer than
Στα επίθετα που λήγουν σε -y, διαγράφουμε το -y
και προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ier.
lazy – lazier than
tasty – tastier than
Τα επίθετα που λήγουν σε ένα σύμφωνο και πριν
από αυτό υπάρχει ένα μόνο φωνήεν, διπλασιάζουν
το σύμφωνο πριν πάρουν την κατάληξη -er.
hot – hotter than
big – bigger than
Τα επίθετα με περισσότερες από δύο συλλαβές
σχηματίζουν τον συγκριτικό βαθμό περιφραστικά
με τη λέξη more.
interesting – more interesting
difficult – more difficult
Τα επίθετα που λήγουν σε -e, παίρνουν απλώς την
κατάληξη -st.
eg n ice – the nicest
safe – the safest
Στα επίθετα που λήγουν σε -y, διαγράφουμε το -y
και προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -iest.
lazy – the laziest
tasty – the tastiest
Τα επίθετα που λήγουν σε ένα σύμφωνο και πριν
από αυτό υπάρχει ένα μόνο φωνήεν, διπλασιάζουν
το σύμφωνο πριν πάρουν την κατάληξη -est.
hot – the hottest
big – the biggest
Τα επίθετα με περισσότερες από δύο συλλαβές
σχηματίζουν τον συγκριτικό βαθμό περιφραστικά
με τις λέξεις the most. interesting – the most interesting
difficult – the most difficult
Μερικά επίθετα έχουν ανώμαλα παραθετικά και
σχηματίζουν τον συγκριτικό βαθμό εντελώς
διαφορετικά. good – better than
bad – worse than
Μερικά επίθετα έχουν ανώμαλα παραθετικά και
σχηματίζουν τον υπερθετικό βαθμό εντελώς
διαφορετικά.
good – the best
bad – the worst
Με τον συγκριτικό βαθμό χρησιμοποιούμε πάντα τη
λέξη than.
He is taller than me.
Με τον υπερθετικό βαθμό χρησιμοποιούμε πάντα
τη λέξη the.
He is the tallest boy in our class.
He is the tallest boy of all.
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18
1 Write the comparatives and
superlatives.
cold
hot
small
big
interesting
good
hungry
bad
nice
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
2 Make comparative sentences.
1Geography / hard / English
...............................................................................................................................
2MP3s / new / CDs
...............................................................................................................................
3My sister / intelligent / her friends
...............................................................................................................................
4The blue bag / expensive / the green bag
8These shoes are ............................................... than my old
shoes. (comfortable)
9What do you think is ............................................... subject of
all? (useful)
10I’m good at English but I’m not ...............................................
(good) in my class – Stefanos is ...............................................
than me. (good)
4C
omplete the text with these
words.
bad
good
worse
better
worst
best
My sister and I work very hard and we both get
(1) .................................... marks at school. But she says that she is
(2) .................................... than me at English because she studies
more. I asked my teacher to give us a test so we could
find out who is the (3) .................................... ! Well, we did the test
yesterday but we were both ill – and guess what? Our
marks were very (4) .................................... ! She got 10 out of 20
and I only got 8 – my marks were (5) .................................... than
hers! Now she’s telling people at school that I’m the
(6) .................................... student in the world!
...............................................................................................................................
5Her test results / bad / mine
...............................................................................................................................
6John’s homework / good / yours
...............................................................................................................................
5 Correct the mistakes.
1That animal is the more dangerous in the world.
...............................................................................................................................
3 Complete with the comparative
or superlative of the words in
brackets.
1 Greece is ............................................... England. (warm)
2English lessons are ............................................... Italian lessons.
(interesting)
3 Which was ............................................... dinosaur of all? (big)
4 Your cat is ............................................... my cat. (fat)
5The food at Jim’s Restaurant is ...............................................
the food here. (tasty)
6I think History is ............................................... subject of all.
(difficult)
7Life is ............................................... for us now than it was
before. (easy)
2Who is the better student in the class?
...............................................................................................................................
3My dad is the older than your dad.
...............................................................................................................................
4She’s more beautiful her sister.
...............................................................................................................................
5She’s oldest girl in the class.
...............................................................................................................................
6TV is more good than radio.
...............................................................................................................................
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19
The imperative
Χρησιμοποιούμε την προστακτική (imperative) όταν θέλουμε να πούμε σε κάποιον
να κάνει κάτι ή όταν θέλουμε να δώσουμε μια διαταγή, ή όταν εξηγούμε σε κάποιον πώς
να κάνει κάτι, δηλαδή όταν δίνουμε οδηγίες.
•Σχηματίζουμε την προστακτική πάρα πολύ απλά χρησιμοποιώντας μόνο το ρήμα
στη βασική του μορφή. Ο τύπος είναι ο ίδιος είτε απευθυνόμαστε σε έναν άνθρωπο
είτε σε πολλούς.
Open your books.
Be quiet!
Give me the money.
Stand up!
Say something!
•Σχηματίζουμε τον αρνητικό τύπο της προστακτικής με το Don’t πριν από το ρήμα.
Έτσι λέμε σε κάποιον να μην κάνει κάτι.
Don’t talk in the lesson!
Don’t shout! I can hear you!
Don’t move!
Don’t write on the desk.
Προσθέτοντας τη λέξη please στο τέλος της πρότασης
ακουγόμαστε πιο ευγενικοί όταν ζητάμε από κάποιον να κάνει κάτι.
Help me with these boxes, please.
1 Circle the correct answer.
1Open / Don’t open the window – it’s very cold
outside!
2 That’s mine! Give / Don’t give it to me!
3 Shout / Don’t shout in the lesson!
4 Open / Don’t open your books and look at page 57.
5 Be / Don’t be quiet – I’m trying to work.
6 If there’s a fire, use / don’t use the lift.
7Put / Don’t put your hand up if you know the
answer.
8 Look / Don’t look at the answers yet.
9 Sit / Don’t sit down – and talk / don’t talk!
10Do / Don’t do your homework first and then
watch / don’t watch TV.
2 Complete the dialogue with these
words.
tell
answer
come
speak
sit
open
say
Teacher: Billy, (1) .................................... your book and
(2) .................................... us the answer to question one.
Billy:
Question one, sir?
Teacher: Yes, Billy. (3) .................................... it quickly, please.
We’re waiting.
Billy:
Um ... question one ... question one ...
Teacher:OK, (4) .................................... down, Billy. George –
do you know the answer?
George:Um, I think it was ...
Teacher: What are you saying, George?
(5) .................................... more clearly, please!
George: The name of the goddess was Athena.
Teacher:Excellent, George. Now Billy, (6) ....................................
the answer to question two, please.
Billy:
Question two, sir? Um ...
Teacher:(7) .................................... and see me at the end
of the lesson, Billy.
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19
3 What do you say when ...
Use these verbs.
eat
tell close
ride give
go be
call(x2)
sit
1it’s noisy and you can’t sleep?
‘ .................................... quiet, please.’
2someone is standing up and you can’t see?
‘ .................................... down, please.’
3someone takes your pen?
‘ .................................... me my pen, please.’
4you don’t want your friend to call you after 11?
‘ .................................... .................................... me after 11.’
5you don’t want to know the answer?
‘ .................................... .................................... me the answer.’
6you don’t want someone to eat your pizza?
‘ .................................... .................................... my pizza!’
7you don’t want someone to ride your bike?
‘ .................................... .................................... my bike!’
8you see a thief in your neighbour’s house?
‘ .................................... the police!’
9someone is very tired?
‘ .................................... to bed!’
10someone has a headache?
‘ .................................... your eyes for a while!’
4P
repare breakfast for the whole
family on Sunday morning!
Use these verbs to complete the
sentences.
cut
lay
wait
go
1
P
P
P
P
open
forget
wake
take
P
O
P
P
pour
put
make
fill
P
P
O
P
up earlier than all the others.
2............................................... to the kitchen
............................................... any noise!
3............................................... the table.
............................................... the best cups and plates out.
4............................................... the bread.
.............................................. the bread basket!
5............................................... the fridge.
............................................... out the jam, butter and milk.
6............................................... the coffee pot with
5 spoons of coffee.
7 ............................................... hot water on the coffee.
8 Now ............................................... for everybody to wake up.
...............................................
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Prepositions of place
Χρησιμοποιούμε τα prepositions of place για
να περιγράψουμε πού βρίσκεται κάτι.
Οι prepositions of place είναι οι εξής:
in
on
behind
next tο
under
in front of
between
near
μέσα
πάνω
πίσω από
δίπλα σε
κάτω από
μπροστά από
ανάμεσα
κοντά σε
The dog is in the living room.
The glass is on the table.
The ball is behind the television.
The desk is next to the window.
The toys are under the bed.
The car is in front of the house.
The pen is between the book and the notebook.
The supermarket is near my house.
1 Circle the correct answer.
1My house is under / between the school and the
shops.
2 The board is on / in the wall near / in the door.
3 Let’s sit between / under this tree.
4 The car is in front of / in the house.
2 Find the prepositions of place and
use them in the sentences.
1 My cat sleeps u.................................... my bed.
2 There’s a park n.................................... our school.
3 The bear is b.................................... two igloos.
4 Your bag is b.................................... the door.
5 Jane sits n.................................... .................................... me.
6The teacher stands ....................................
f.................................... .................................... the board.
5 Do you want to sit under / next to me?
6 Jake sits for hours in front of / on the computer.
7 The pen is on / between the book.
8 Ian is standing between / in Fiona and Mary.
9 There is a park in / near my house.
10 The birds are in / between the tree.
U
N
D
E
R
A
D
R
I
W
S
A
R
E
D
J
L
N
S
A
G
I
B
F
A
P
F
T
N
S
L
E
V
S
O
R
U
E
A
K
H
C
Q
R
O
O
X
C
H
I
R
Y
T
N
L
T
Z
G
N
U
I
F
T
H
T
B
D
D
I
G
E
O
W
O
Y
S
B
K
J
S
F
C
S
D
R
O
L
X
C
S
V
F
O
B
L
E
L
J
V
H
B
E
T
W
E
E
N
Y
T
A
Z
Y
E
R
H
K
Q
E
N
E
A
R
G
O
M
N
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3 Answer for you now.
5 Correct the mistakes.
1Who/What is behind you?
1There’s a tree in front the house.
...............................................................................................................................
2Who/What is in front of you?
...............................................................................................................................
2The cat is behind from the garage.
...............................................................................................................................
3Who/What is next to you?
...............................................................................................................................
3She sits between of John and Nancy.
...............................................................................................................................
4Who/What is near you?
...............................................................................................................................
4There’s a shop next of the school.
...............................................................................................................................
5Who/What is between you and the door?
...............................................................................................................................
6What is in your bag?
...............................................................................................................................
5He lives on a nice house.
...............................................................................................................................
6Near of my house there is a park.
...............................................................................................................................
7What is on your desk?
...............................................................................................................................
7Your book is on to the table.
...............................................................................................................................
8What is under your desk?
...............................................................................................................................
8The ball is under to the car.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
4 Complete the text with these words.
behind
in (x2)
near
next
under
My house is a small cottage (1) .................................... the town.
There’s a garage (2) .................................... to the house. We
keep our car and caravan (3) .................................... there.
(4) .................................... the house, there is a big garden. The
kitchen is (5) .................................... my bedroom, so I can hear
my brother when he looks (6) .................................... the fridge
for something to eat!
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11
21
Ordinal numbers and dates
Ordinal numbers
Τα τακτικά αριθμητικά επίθετα (ordinal numbers) είναι οι λέξεις που μας φανερώνουν τη
σειρά των ανθρώπων ή των πραγμάτων. Π.χ.:
the first classroom
the second day of the month
the third child, κλπ.
Για να γράψουμε τα τακτικά αριθμητικά, προσθέτουμε th δίπλα στον αριθμό.
Μόνο τα τακτικά αριθμητικά του 1, 2, 3 γράφονται διαφορετικά, ως εξής:
1st, 2nd, 3rd
4th, 5th, κλπ.
Χρησιμοποιούμε τα τακτικά αριθμητικά ως εξής:
He was the first person there.
She came in second and won a prize.
Τα τακτικά αριθμητικά μέχρι το 100 έχουν ως εξής:
Ordinal Numbers
Numbers numbers
Ordinal
numbers
Numbers
Ordinal
numbers
1
first
11
eleventh
21
twenty-first
2
second
12
twelfth
32
thirty-second
3
third
13
thirteenth
43
forty-third
4
fourth
14
fourteenth
54
fifty-fourth
5
fifth
15
fifteenth
65
sixty-fifth
6
sixth
16
sixteenth
76
seventy-sixth
7
seventh
17
seventeenth
87
eighty-seventh
8
eighth
18
eighteenth
98
ninety-eighth
9
ninth
19
nineteenth
10
tenth
20
twentieth
100
one-hundredth
Dates
Υπάρχουν τέσσερις διαφορετικοί τρόποι για να
γράφουμε τις ημερομηνίες στα αγγλικά.
Αυτοί είναι οι εξής:
17th October, 2007
October 17th, 2007
17/10/07
17.10.2007
Έτσι λέμε την ημερομηνία:
The seventeenth of October, two thousand and seven.
October the seventeenth, two thousand and seven.
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1 Circle the correct answer.
1 The party is on one / the first of May.
2Tomorrow is twentieth / the twentieth of
September.
3His birthday is on the twenty-third / twenty-three
of March.
4My favourite month is the two / second month of
the year.
5 He came three / third in the competition.
6 My friend was the two / second person to finish.
7There were seventeen / seventeenth people in the
room.
8What’s the date today? Is it the twelve / twelfth of
March?
9 She came here in two thousand and seven / seventh.
10Christmas Day is on the twenty-fifth / twenty-fifth
of December.
2 Fill in the gaps with one word.
1 Today is .................................... fifth .................................... June.
2Bill came first, Susan came .................................... , and I came
third.
3My sister is 16. Her .................................... birthday was last week.
4When you are 21, you can have
a .................................... -.................................... birthday party.
5The little boy was born in two thousand ....................................
four.
6 His birthday is .................................... November the eighteenth.
7 We write 1999 like this – nineteen .................................... - nine.
8 We don’t have school on January .................................... first.
3 Write the ordinal numbers in words.
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ordinal
number
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
In words
4 Write the dates in words.
M
1
8
15
22
29
T
2
9
16
23
30
M
T
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
W
3
10
17
24
31
JULY
T
4
F
5
12
19
26
S
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
AUGUST
W
T
F
2
1
7
8
9
14
15
16
22
23
21
28
29
30
S
3
10
17
24
31
S
4
11
18
25
11
18
25
1 1st July is a Monday.
...............................................................................................................................
2Mum’s birthday is on 13th July.
...............................................................................................................................
3Our holiday starts on 22nd July.
...............................................................................................................................
4We come home on 12th August.
...............................................................................................................................
515th August is a holiday.
...............................................................................................................................
631st August is a Saturday.
...............................................................................................................................
5C
omplete for you. Write the
numbers and the words.
1When is your birthday?
..........
...............................................................................................................................
2What year were you born?
..........
...............................................................................................................................
3When is your friend’s birthday?
..........
...............................................................................................................................
4What’s the date today?
..........
...............................................................................................................................
5What year is it?
..........
...............................................................................................................................
6When will you be 16?
..........
...............................................................................................................................
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SmashGrammar_I.indd 47
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Macmillan Hellas SA
2 Misaraliotou St
117 42, Makrygianni
Athens, Greece
ISBN 978-960-447-253-6
© Macmillan Hellas SA 2008
First published 2008
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any
form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
of the publishers.
Designed by Alexandra Bacoyianni
Cover designed by Macmillan Hellas SA
Printed and bound in Greece
20122011201020092008
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