2012 Technical Report per Activity
Each Program Participant must provide a small remark against each activity/deliverable to indicate the status of the activity (2-4 sentences required per activity) using the form
below. Updated data from the current partners is also required.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Activity No. 1
Activity title
Effects of early and late maturing varieties and early and late sowing, as farmers coping strategies on yield, Rhamphicarpa and Striga assessed
CCAFS Milestone No.
CCAFS Objective
1.1 Adapted farming systems
(select from drop list)
Activity objectives
(what the activity aims to
achieve)
(select
from drop list / for further details go to CCAFS 2012 2015 LOGFRAME sheet)
Objective 1
Understanding dynamics of important parasitic weeds and how these are affected by climate change
Objective 2
Finding suitable and cost-effective control technologies and strategies
Objective 3
Analysing direct and indirect economic impacts of parasitic weeds and advancing methodologies in
economics of plant diseases
Activity status
Insert a small remark to indicate the
status of the activity.
(2-4 sentences required per activity)
Completed
The farmer-participatory workshops enabled us to gain insights in what farmers already know about management and coping strategies against
parasitic weeds and climate change, to understand important criteria of successful and acceptable strategies, to provide farmers with new ideas and to
challenge them to experiment with available resources themselves. The literature review explores the use of systemic approaches to agricultural
research and innovation in crop protection literature. Over 100 research papers were included in the review.
Type
Description
Year
Status
Workshops
Farmer participatory training workshops on
management strategies in Tanzania
2012
Completed
Document (*.doc, *.odt, *.pdf)
Reports, publications
Literature review on the use of agricultural
innovation systems thinking in crop
protection
2012
Completed
Document (*.doc, *.odt, *.pdf)
Reports, publications
Journal article on participatory on-farm trials
for evaluating management strategies in
Tanzania
2013
Uncompleted
Select a format
Reports, publications
Journal article on the ecology and biology of
host-parasite interactions
2013
Uncompleted
Select a format
Reports, publications
Journal article on the impact of parasitic
weeds on small-holder farmingin Benin and
Tanzania
2013
Uncompleted
Select a format
Deliverables status
(You may add any unexpected deliverable)
1.1.2 2013 (1)
Acronym
Name
WUR
Wageningen Unversity and Research Centre
ARI - Advanced Research Institution
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Lammert Bastiaans
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
MARI
Mikocheni Agricrultural Research Institute
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Current Partners
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Format
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Mohamed Juma Kayeke
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
INRAB
Institut National de Recherche Agricole du Benin
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Patrice Adegbola
[email protected]
Acronym
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Name
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Louise Akanvou
[email protected]
Activity No. 2
Activity title
Evaluating rice responses to pathogen strains under various climatic conditions
CCAFS Milestone No.
CCAFS Objective
(select
from drop list / for further details go to CCAFS 2012 2015 LOGFRAME sheet)
1.2 Breeding strategies
(select from drop list)
Objective 1
Growth parameters and pathogen diversity established
Activity objectives
Objective 2
Rice response to various climatic conditions determined
(what the activity aims to
achieve)
Objective 3
Pathogen fitness under various climatic conditions determined
Objective 4
NARS scientists and other stakeholders’ capacity increased
Activity status
Insert a small remark to indicate the
status of the activity.
(2-4 sentences required per activity)
Completed
The training workshop on bacteria diagnosis through molecular biology was held from 23 to 28 August in Kampala, Uganda. Sixteen scientists from
Rwanda and Uganda, including three women, have been trained in isolation, identification and preservation of Bacterial Leaf Blight pathogens, and to a
lesser extent of blast and RYMV too. The training aimed at providing background information on isolation techniques to scientists and technicians as
well as practical sessions to enable them to work on rice pathogens in their home institutes. PhD and MSc training are on-going. It is likely that two PhD
students will finish in 2013, while all six MSc students are expected to finish their studies in 2013.
Type
Description
Year
Reports, publications
Papers on the effect of climate change on
Blast and Bacterial Blight virulence and its
effect on rice
2013
Partially completed
Select a format
Workshops
training workshop on bacteria diagnosis
through molecular biology
2012
Completed
Select a format
Capacity
3 PhD and 6 MSc theses from project
countries trained
2013
Partially completed
Select a format
Deliverables status
(You may add any unexpected deliverable)
Format
Name
GAUG
Georg August University Gottingen
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Kerstin Wydra
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
IRRI
International Rice Research Institute
CG - CGIAR Center
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Nollie Vera Cruz
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
RAB
Rwanda Agriculture Board
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Germain Nkima
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
NARO
National Agricultural Research Organization
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Status
Acronym
AI - Academic Institution
Current Partners
1.2.1 2013 (2)
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Jimmy Lamo
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
MARTI
Mbeya Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Freddrika Mwalyego
[email protected]
Activity No. 3
Activity title
Adapting RICEPEST model using climate chamber and field studies
CCAFS Milestone No.
CCAFS Objective
Activity objectives
(what the activity aims to
achieve)
(select
from drop list / for further details go to CCAFS 2012 2015 LOGFRAME sheet)
1.2 Breeding strategies
(select from drop list)
Objective 1
Validated RICEPEST model for East Africa
Objective 2
Prediction of yield loss due to rice diseases under different climate scenarios using RICEPEST
Objective 3
Recommendations to breeders to take future pathogen occurrence, distribution and fitness into the breeding program
Activity status
Insert a small remark to indicate the
status of the activity.
(2-4 sentences required per activity)
1.2.1 2013 (2)
Partially completed
Three future climate scenarios A1B, A2 and B1 as reported in the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES), for two time slices 2030s (2021-2040) and
2050s (2041-2060) were selected. Simulation runs were first made without the injury profiles to obtain the attainable yield. Maintaining the same
climate data and production situation parameter values, simulation runs were then made with the treatment of injury profiles to obtain the actual
yield. Yield loss was then modelled as the difference between attainable yield and actual yield.
Type
Description
Year
Status
Format
Model tools and software
Adapted RICEPEST model that is able to make
forecasts based on climate change scenarios
2012
Completed
Image (*.jpg, *.png, etc)
Reports, publications
Papers on the effect of climate change on
Blast and Bacterial Blight virulence and its
effect on rice
2013
Uncompleted
Select a format
Deliverables status
(You may add any unexpected deliverable)
Acronym
Name
GAUG
Georg August University Gottingen
AI - Academic Institution
[email protected]
Name
IRRI
International Rice Research Institute
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Adam Sparks
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
RAB
Rwanda Agriculture Board
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Germain Nkima
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
NARO
National Agricultural Research Organization
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Contact Point Email
Kerstin Wydra
Acronym
CG - CGIAR Center
Current Partners
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Jimmy Lamo
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
MARTI
Mbeya Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Freddrika Mwalyego
[email protected]
2012 Technical Report per Activity
Each Program Participant must provide a small remark against each activity/deliverable to indicate the status of the activity (2-4 sentences required per activity) using the form below.
Updated data from the current partners is also required.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Activity No. 2
Activity title
Optimal sowing windows for irrigated and upland rice and associated risks in Senegal River and Niger River, for present and future
2.1 Identify and test innovations that enable rural
CCAFS Milestone No.
(select
communities to better manage climate-related risk and build from drop list / for further details go to CCAFS 2012 - 2015
more resilient livelihoods
LOGFRAME sheet)
CCAFS Objective
(select from drop list)
Activity objectives
(what the activity aims to
achieve)
2.1.1 2012
Objective 1
Improved recommendatons on sowing dates and variety choice of irrigated rice in order to minimalize climate change risks
Objective 2
Develop a decision support system (RIDEV) to guide farmers to get optimal sowing dates in a changing climate
Objective 3
Assessment of rainfed rice extension feasibility through climate risk assessment studies with the aid of crop simulation modeling
Activity status
Insert a small remark to indicate the
status of the activity.
(2-4 sentences required per activity)
Completed
Focus-groups and surveys to assess farmers practices and farmers climate perception took place from April to August 2012, both in the Senegal River Valley
in Senegal (11 Focus-groups) and the Niger River Valley in Mali (10 Focus-groups). Each focus-group consisted of about 20 farmers. In total more than 390
farmers participated in the discussions about their practices and their perception of the climate. The RIDEV model is a simple simulator of rice phenology
and thermal sterility risk that takes into account microclimate. This tool, in its original version of the 90s, became a very practical tool for (1) on-farm
decision support, (2) regional risk scenario mapping and (3) study of genotypic differences. RIDEV2 is the upgraded version developed by Cecile Julia as part
of her PhD thesis “Thermal Stresses and Spikelet Sterility in Rice: Sensitive Phases and Role of Microclimate”.
Type
Description
Year
Status
Format
Reports, publications
Synthesis of knowledge and priority knowledge
gaps reported for three risk management
innovations (livelihood diversification, indexbased insurance, local traditional risk
management strategies), with clear analysis of
likely impacts across socially differentiated
groups and gender.
2012
Completed
Document (*.doc, *.odt, *.pdf)
Model tools and software
Define the most adapted sowing windows for
recommended irrigated rice varieties of Senegal
River Valley and Niger River Valley in Mali in
order to reduce climate risks and maximize
production, and to assess residual risks related to
those sowing windows.
2013
Partially completed
Select a format
Capacity
One PhD thesis on rainfed rice modeling for
climate risk assessment successfully defended
2015
Uncompleted
Select a format
Deliverables status
(You may add any unexpected deliverable)
Acronym
Name
CIRAD
Centre International de Recherche Agricole et du Developppement
ARI - Advanced Research Institution
NGO_DO - Non-governmental
organization/Development organization
Contact Point Email
Bertrand Muller
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
ISRA
Institut Senegalais de Recherche Agricole
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
Current Partners
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Amadou Fofana
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
SAED
Société Nationale d'Aménagement et d'Exploitation des Terres du Delta du Fleuve Sénégal
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Baye Salif Diack
[email protected]
Current Partners
Acronym
Name
IER
Institut d'Economie Rural
NARES - National agricultural research
and extension services
NGO_DO - Non-governmental
organization/Development organization
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Ibrahim Dembélé
[email protected]
Acronym
Name
ON
Office du Niger
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Ilyas Goro
[email protected]
2012 Technical Report per Activity
Each Program Participant must provide a small remark against each activity/deliverable to indicate the status of the activity (2-4 sentences required per activity) using the form below.
Updated data from the current partners is also required.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Activity No. 5
Activity title
Contribution to framework and databases allowing for integrated decision making with respect to adaptation, mitigation and policy interventions
CCAFS Milestone No.
CCAFS Objective
4.2 Assemble data and tools for analysis and planning
(select from drop list)
Activity objectives
(what the activity aims to
achieve)
(select
from drop list / for further details go to CCAFS 2012 2015 LOGFRAME sheet)
Objective 1
Forecast the potential rice production in Africa under a changing climate
Objective 2
Indicate geospatially-explicit future constraints in rice production due to climate change
Objective 3
Use obtained information to advise African governments on sound investments in rice production
Activity status
Insert a small remark to indicate the
status of the activity.
(2-4 sentences required per activity)
4.2.1 2012 (5)
Completed
Many breeding efforts are on-going to identify varieties and genes responsible for avoidance and tolerance to heat and cold stress. In the last decades
progress has been made in understanding the processes determining stress, including recognizing the importance of transpirational cooling and early
morning flowering. What is still missing is a tool to accurately predict sterility risk. A simple and robust Modelling - GIS Framework (MGF) has been
conceptualized to quantify and map the impact of climate change on rice spikelet sterility for developing a tool to analyse and plan responses to climate
change. One of the major problems in Africa for climate change research is the lack of high-quality ground-based climate data, especially on solar
radiation. To simplify the MGF, AfricaRice is developing a model for simulation of spikelet sterility due to heat and cold stress using maximum and
minimum temperature and dew point temperature only. A working version of the model has been developed, coined pySTERFL. The model has been
written in Python, a freely-obtainable programming language.
Type
Description
Year
Status
Format
Model tools and software
Operational modeling – GIS framework to
quantify and map impacts of climate change
on rice conceptualized
2012
Completed
Other
Reports, publications
Conceptualize how the effect of climate
change on parasitic weeds and diseases can
be incorporated into a biotic stresses module
2013
Uncompleted
Select a format
Deliverables status
(You may add any unexpected deliverable)
Acronym
Name
WUR
Wageningen Unversity and Research Centre
AI - Academic Institution
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Pepijn van Oort
[email protected]
Current Partners
AI - Academic Institution
Acronym
Name
UNL
University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Contact Point Full Name
Contact Point Email
Ken Cassman
[email protected]
2012 summary report of activities and deliverables by Output level
Each Program Participant must prepare a succinct summary of activities and deliverables, organised by Output level of the CCAFS objectives. Length is dependent on
budget size so please refer to the table on the explanatory notes.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Theme 1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change
Objective 1.1 Analyze and design processes to support adaptation of farming systems in the face of future uncertainties of climate in space and time
Outcome 1.1: Agricultural and food security strategies that are adapted towards predicted conditions of climate change promoted and communicated by the key development and funding agencies (national and
international), civil society organizations and private sector in at least 20 countries
Output 1.1.2 Building of regional and national capacities to produce and communicate socially inclusive adaptation and mitigation strategies for progressive climate change at the national level (e.g. through NAPAs)
The farmer-participatory field experiments (with Striga asiatica and Rhamphicarpa fistulosa), on sowing dates and crop cycle length, aimed at testing the farmers’ hypotheses
that early sowing reduces the parasitic weed infection levels, versus their conception that late sowing is an effective climate change coping strategy. On top of that, by
combining these sowing dates with rice varieties of different cycles lengths, a broad range of timing options (affordable and available to resource-poor farmers) is put to test
simultaneously.
Objective 1.2 Develop breeding strategies for addressing abiotic and biotic stresses induced by future climatic conditions, variability and extremes, including novel climates
Prepare a succinct summary of
activities and deliverables, organised
by Output level of the CCAFS objectives
Outcome 1.2: Strategies for addressing abiotic and biotic stresses induced by future climate change, variability and extremes, including novel climates mainstreamed among the majority of the international
research agencies who engage with CCAFS, and by national agencies in at least 12 countries
Output 1.2.1 Understanding and evaluating the response of different varieties/crops to climate change in time and space, and generating comprehensive strategies for crop improvement through a combination of
modeling, expert consultation and stakeholder dialogue
The RICEPEST model simulates rice yield losses due to bacterial leaf blight and leaf blast (as well as other rice pests) under a range of specific production situations. EPIRICE is a
Prepare a succinct summary of
generic model that simulates potential epidemics of plant diseases such as leaf blast and bacterial leaf blight. Simulation runs of both EPIRICE and RICEPEST were made at a
activities and deliverables, organised
spatial resolution of 100km2 for the growing season December to March. For this study, the climate model Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization GCM
by Output level of the CCAFS objectives
Mark 3 (CSIRO-MK3) was selected.
Theme 2. Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk
Objective 2.1 Identify and test innovations that enable rural communities to better manage climate-related risk and build more resilient livelihoods
Outcome 2.1: Systematic technical and policy support by development agencies for farm- to community-level agricultural risk management strategies and actions that buffer against climate shocks and enhance
livelihood resilience in at least 20 countries
Output 2.1.1 Synthesized knowledge and evidence on innovative risk management strategies that foster resilient rural livelihoods and sustain a food secure environment
Prepare a succinct summary of
Activities aim at reducing climatic risks for irrigated and upland rice in Senegal and Mali and assessing associated residual risks. For irrigated rice, the vulnerability of rural
activities and deliverables, organised
societies along the Senegal River in Senegal and along the Niger River in Mali to climatic risks and adaptation pathways to reduce this vulnerability is investigated. For rain-fed
by Output level of the CCAFS objectives rice, the possibility of expanding rain-fed rice cultivation to other areas is explored by assessing associated climatic risks for different areas, varieties and management practices.
Theme 4. Integration for Decision Making
Objective 4.2 Assemble data and tools for analysis and planning
Outcome 4.2 Improved frameworks, databases and methods for planning responses to climate change used by national agencies in at least 20 countries and by at least 10 key international and regional agencies
Output 4.2.1 Integrated assessment framework, toolkits and databases to assess climate change impacts on agricultural systems and their supporting natural resources
Regional site and baseline characterization
Prepare a succinct summary of
activities and deliverables, organised
by Output level of the CCAFS objectives
In some areas temperature rise may increase heat sterility and reduce cold sterility. Expansion of rice production (due to growing population and behavioural change) into areas
hitherto not being used for rice cultivation raises questions on suitability (too cold or too hot). Besides, it is pertinent to know the optimal window for growing rice to avoid
exposure to cold/heat stress for all rice production areas. A simple and robust Modelling - GIS Framework (MGF) has been conceptualized to quantify and map the impact of
climate on rice spikelet sterility for developing a tool to analyse and plan responses to climate change.
List of publications that acknowledge CCAFS support
(a) Each Program Participant must list all publications that acknowledge CCAFS support. Only include publications
that came out in final version in the calendar year. Please do not include journal papers under review (submitted
etc) or out in electronic format ahead of print, except of course for electronic-only journals.
(b) Please try to format references in the Harvard style. A clear guide can be found here:
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm
(c) For journal articles, please indicate all of the references that are "green open access" with a single asterisk and
those that are "gold open access" with a double asterisk. This is now a requirement from CGIAR donors. Green open
access means that the authors have made a free copy available on a website. Gold open access means that the
journal allows free download (either as standard practice or because the authors paid for it).
(d) For all publications that are up online, please provide a web link if possible. This will help us to advertise your
work more widely.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Remarks:
1. Cecile Julia’s PhD research was funded by RISOCAS (GIZ) for the first 2 years but by CCAFS (W1+W2) for the third year.
So, the two publications (journal article and PhD thesis) were funded for a large part by CCAFS.
2. The other five publication were funded by bilateral projects that we report under CCFAS. However, we use W1+W2 funds
to fund additional project activities, especially related to climate change, so it is hard to make a distinction.
3.
Please note that all the seven publications will not be reported under any other CRP
Citation identifier
Type
Journal papers
Citation
Publication 1
Julia, C., Dingkuhn, M. 2012. Variation in time of day of anthesis in rice in different climatic environment. European
Journal of Agronomy 34: 166-174
Citation identifier
Type
Journal papers
Publication 2
Citation
Shrestha, S., Asch, F., Dusserre, J., Ramanantsoanirina, A., Brueck, H. 2012. Climate effects on yield components as
affected by genotypic responses to variable environmental conditions in upland rice systems at different altitudes. Field
Crops Research 134: 216-228
Citation identifier
Type
Journal papers
Publication 3
Citation
Shrestha, S., Brueck, H., Asch, F. 2012. Chlorophyll Index, Photochemical Reflectance Index and Chlorophyll
Fluorescence Measurements of Rice Leaves Supplied with Different N Levels. Journal of Photochemistry and
Photobiology B: Biology, Volume 113: 7-13
Citation identifier
Type
Journal papers
Citation
Publication 4
Asch, F., Giese, M., 2012. Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modelling for African Cropping Systems Under Climate
Change. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 198: 325-326
Citation identifier
Type
Other
Citation
Publication 5
Suchit Prasad Shrestha. 2012. Genotypic Responses of Upland Rice to an Altitudinal Gradient. PhD Dissertation,
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Citation identifier
Type
Other
http://dl.free.fr/iOPEnzzZU
Citation
Publication 6
Cecile Julia. 2012 Thermal Stresses and Spikelet Sterility in Rice: Sensitive Phases and Role of Microclimate. PhD
Dissertation, University of Montpellier, France
Citation identifier
Type
Other
Publication 7
Citation
Sylvestre Dossa. 2012 Comparison of Xoo strains according to two rice ecozones in Tanzania. MSc thesis, Georg August
University, Gottingen, Germany
2012 Case studies
Number of case studies to be submitted is dependent on budget size so please refer to the table on the explanatory notes. Each case study should be about half a
page, and Program Participants are expected to build a portfolio of case studies over the years that demonstrate all different types.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Title
Author
New version of RIDEV
Type
Capacity enhancement
Date (DD/MM/YYYY)
12/20/2012
Michael Dingkuhn and Paul Kiepe
Countries
Senegal
Keywords
Photo URL
microclimate, modelling, sowing window, crop insurance
Introduction/Objectives (400 characters)
The RIDEV model is a simple simulator of rice phenology and thermal sterility risk that takes microclimate into account. The panicle may have another temperature than the canopy because of its exp
Description of the project,procedures etc. (1100 characters)
CASE STUDY
1
A statistical model of daily minimum and maximum water temperature was built using data from four different sites and seasons. The database on phenology, indicators of canopy architecture, weat
Project results (be concrete as possible), innovate findings, novel outcomes and short discussion on the implication of these results (1100 characters)
A new RIDEV code has been developed and is awaiting incorporation of the newly developed equations to predict water, canopy and panicle temperature. The automatic parameter optimization rou
Partners involved and their role (250 characters)
As part of her PhD research Cecile Julia collected data for RIDEV2 validation. She collaborated in developing RIDEV2. Her PhD supervisor was Michael Dingkuhn (CIRAD),
and her field work supervisor in Senegal was Bertrand Muller (CIRAD/AfricaRice). The AfricaRice project responsible was Paul Kiepe.
Links/Sources for further information
http://dl.free.fr/iOPEnzzZU
Title
Author
Institutional Preparedness to Change
Type
Policy advocacy
Date (DD/MM/YYYY)
9/20/2012
Marc Schut and Paul Kiepe
Countries
Keywords
Innovation systems, institutional change, preparedness to change
Tanzania
Photo URL
Introduction/Objectives (400 characters)
The aim of this study is to help the rice sector preparing itself against projected increases in infestation by parasitic weeds through studying the effect of climate variability and extremes on parasiticDescription of the project,, procedures etc. (1100 characters)
CASE STUDY
2
An assessment was made of preparedness of institutions to tackle increasing pressure of parasitic weeds due to climate change. Furthermore, an analysis of stakeholder demands, network links and
Project results (be concrete as possible), innovate findings, novel outcomes and short discussion on the implication of these results (1100 characters)
During fieldwork in Tanzania, the innovation system specialist discovered the existence of Tanzanian Striga Rules under the Plant Protection Act of 1997, developed and approved by the Tanzanian go
Partners involved and their role (250 characters)
This study was executed by the innovation systems specialist Marc Schut (WUR) in close collaboration with Mohamed Juma Kanyeke (MARI). At AfricaRice the PARASITE
project is coordinated by Jonne Rodenburg.
Links/Sources for further information
http://tinyurl.com/d4qwrup
2012 Outcome report
Frequency of reporting outcomes is dependent on budget size so please refer to the table on the explanatory notes. (max 1 page)
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
Gender and Social Differentiation related activities summary
report - 2012
CRPs that have presented their Gender Strategy to the Consortium in 2012 should show progress in 2013 in relation to implementing the Strategy.
Therefore it is expected from Program Participants that findings of gender and social differentiation activities and their significance to be referred in
this summary report. It is essential to relate progress towards outcomes to the baseline gender-differentiated conditions being used to measure change.
This report should also refer specifically to what is being learnt about gender and how this knowledge is being used to inform research priority-setting
and approach. If none or few of your activities integrate gender please explain why it is not relevant to your research portfolio.
CCAFS Center Led Activities
Africa Rice Center
In 2012, studies were conducted in Nigeria, Benin and Senegal to assess the perception male and female farmers had about
climate change and the coping strategies they are adopting. The results indicated that the rice farmers have a very clear
understanding of trends of changes in climate and the memory of the years were dominated by extreme climatic conditions
leading to modifications of existing production systems. In Nigeria for example, farmers (95%) perceived drought as the most
severe stressor followed by submergence (54% of farmers) and indicated similar respective impacts. Men and women have
different perceptions about changes in rainfall and temperature, which accounts for slight variations in their adaptation and
coping strategies. As adaptation measures, majorities of both men and women changed the rice varieties they planted as well as
the cropping pattern and they cultivated more cash crops. Half of the men and women left land under fallow; many cultivated
smaller areas than usual (41% of the men and 46% of the women) and many grew water saving crops (36% of men and 31% of
women). A good proportion shifted from crops to livestock (29% of men and 31% of women); some farmers migrated in response
to negative impact of the stressors and indulged in other income generating activities. It was observed that men migrate further
than women, e.g. to big cities where they can find paid jobs as hired labor or do petty business, like riding “motorbike taxi”. Most
of the women change their rice production activities to small income generating activities when possible. As coping strategies the
majority of farmers hired wage labor, took support from relatives/friends and invested less in crop production. The analysis of
data is on-going and will allow drawing conclusion and recommendations.