Name:________________________________Per:________
12.1 A Growing Economy
1. Match each definition to the correct term
______ Cotton gin
a. money, items, buildings, machines used to make money
______ Interchangeable Parts
b. sole legal right to an invention and its profits
______ Patent
c. machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber
______ Capitalism
d. people and companies own means of production
______ Capital
e. people can buy, sell, and produce whatever they want
______ Free Enterprise
f. part that can be replaced by another identical part
Industrial Growth
2. What historic change was labeled the Industrial Revolution?
3. Name three reasons why the Industrial Revolution reached New England first.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
4. Read about new inventions and describe their effects on the U.S. economy below:
Invention
Effects on Production and U.S. Economy
Power Loom
Cotton Gin
Interchangeable
Parts
5. How do patent laws benefit the economy?
6. How did the following men impact the Industrial Revolution?
Samuel Slater: _________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Francis Cabot Lowell: ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. Describe in detail the importance of competition in a free enterprise economy.
Agriculture Grows
8. As you read the first half of page 320, fill in the chart below:
Production
West
Effects of the
Cotton Gin
Deep South
Slavery
Economic Independence
9. As you read, answer the T/F questions below, and correct false answers.
_________ High taxes and high government regulation encourage the growth of free enterprise.
_________ A corporation is a type of business that can only have one owner
_________ Selling stock to investors to build factories helped drive industrialization.
_________ Cities developed along rivers to use waterpower and ship goods to markets.
_________ Few towns in the West grew.
_________ Opportunities like jobs with steady wages and leisure activities outweighed the
dangers of city living for many people.
15.1 The Industrial North
1. Define the following terms:
Clipper Ship
Telegraph
Morse Code
Technology and Industry
2. How did workers make goods before industrialization?
3. Title and fill in the diagram below:
________________________________________________________________
In the first phase,
In the second phase of
In the third phase, workers
employers divided jobs into
industrialization,
used ________________ to
smaller __________. One
______________________
complete tasks. The
worker would spin thread,
built ______________ to
machines worked much
and _____________else.
bring ________________
faster than any __________
Another wove cloth. Each
workers together. This
could. The worker’s job
worker _______________
allowed the _________ to
changed from __________
in _______ step and
move ____________ from
to ____________________
became an expert in it.
one worker to the next.
_____________________.
4. Read about changing transportation and fill in the chart below.
New Transportation
Effect on U.S. Economy
Canals
.
Carried goods and passengers more cheaply and quickly.
Deeper Canals
Quickly moved goods like silk and spices between the U.S. and Asia
5. Match the significance of the each development in railroad technology.
______ First Railroads
a. Connected many cities and united Midwest and East
______ Tom Thumb
b. Opened the West up for settlement
______ North and Midwest
c. First steam-powered locomotive
______ Rail lines by 1860s
d. Location of most railroad tracks
______ Transcontinental Railroad
e. Connected mines with nearby rivers, pulled by horses
6. Describe the significance of the Erie Canal.
7. How did improvements in transportation provide benefits to both businesses and consumers?
8. Describe the major effects of the telegraph.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
9. Read about farming innovations and fill in the flow chart below.
John ___________’s
The mechanical reaper
worried their _________
_________-tipped plow
and the _____________
were too weak and about
allowed farmers to cut
reduced the __________
a lack of fertile _______.
through hard ________.
required for farming.
Midwestern settlement
Raising ___________
Cyrus _____________’s
expanded. Farmers grew
was the main economic
______________ reaper
wheat & shipped it east
activity in the
increased the amount of
by __________________
________________.
crop farmers harvested.
Early western settlers
15.2 People of the North
1. Define the following terms:
Trade Union
Strike
Prejudice
Discrimination
Famine
Nativist
The Factories of the North
2. Read about the effects of technological innovations on people and fill in the chart below.
Cause: The range of goods
Effect:
manufactured increased. Factories
produced clothing, shoes, watches, etc.
Cause:
Effect: Factory workers faced long
hours, hazardous work, hot and cold
weather, and child labor was a problem.
Cause: Workers tried various ways to
Effect:
gain better conditions and shorter hours
in the workplace.
Cause:
Effect: In 1842, a Massachusetts court
ruled that workers have the legal right
to protest against their employers.
3. Read about African Americans in the North and label the type of discrimination they faced.
 African Americans could
not attend public schools.
 Prohibited from using
public services.
 They could attend poorquality schools/ hospitals.
 White men in NY no longer
had to own property to vote.
 Few African Americans
could vote.
 Laws were passed to
prevent them from voting.
 Few African Americans
found success.
 Most African Americans
lived in poverty.
 Some rose above the
limitations they faced.
4. How did women face discrimination in the workplace?
5. How did women attempt to overcome these challenges?
Lowell Offering: _______________________________________________________________
Lowell FLRO: _________________________________________________________________
The Growth of Cities
6. Because factories were located in urban areas, job opportunities brought many people to cities,
including European immigrants. Read about their experiences and fill in the blanks below.
Between the years of 1840 and 1860, ______________________ to the U.S. grew sharply. The
greatest number of immigrants came from _____________ after a __________ blight caused famine.
The second largest group came from _______________ seeking work, ___________________, or to
escape political problems at home. European immigrants brought ____________________________
________________________________________ from their country that changed American culture.
Americans who resisted immigration were called _______________ because they believed that
immigration _____________ the future of “native” (American-born) citizens. They often _________
immigrants for ____________ in American society like ___________ and ____________. Many
nativists were from the ______________ class and accused immigrants of taking ________ from
workers who were real Americans and were angry immigrants would work for ___________ wages.
In 1849, the nativists formed a new ____________ party called the __________________________
Party. They called for stricter ___________________ laws. Most of them were Protestant, and feared
the _______________ immigrants would be more ___________ to the Pope than U.S. leaders.