Sao Tome and Principe: Age distribution and school attendance of girls aged 9-13 years
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
25 July 2013
1. Introduction
This document provides an overview of the pattern of school attendance of girls 9-13 years old in Sao
Tome and Principe, based on data collected with a Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in 2008-09.
Results are presented for the total population of girls aged 9-13, as well as by household location (urban
and rural) and wealth quintile. Survey data on school attendance are combined with population estimates
by the UN Population Division (UNPD 2011) to arrive at estimates of the total number of girls between 9
and 13 years in and out of school in Sao Tome and Principe.
Section 2 summarizes the national education system of Sao Tome and Principe. Section 3 describes the
sources and limitations of the data used in the subsequent analysis. Section 4 provides estimates of the
number of girls between 9 and 13 years in Sao Tome and Principe between 2000 and 2015. Section 5
provides information from household surveys to measure education coverage for the target age group.
Section 6 delves into the school attendance patterns of 9- to 13-year-old girls by education level and
grade. It addresses the question of equity by comparing the school attendance rates of girls from urban,
rural, rich and poor households. Section 7 looks at school participation from a complementary angle and
examines the age distribution of girls in primary and secondary education by grade. This analysis also
presents disparities by household location and wealth. Lastly, Section 8 presents summary tables with
data on school attendance by age and grade for ages 5-23.
2. National education system
The national education system in Sao Tome and Principe is divided into the following levels of education:
primary education, as defined by the country, begins at age 6 and has a duration of 6 years. The entry
age of lower secondary education is 12 years, and it lasts 3 years. Upper secondary education begins at
15 years old and has a duration of 3 years. Tertiary or post-secondary education begins at age 18.
The tables and graphs in this document present data on school attendance according to the levels and
grades of education as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 1997
(UNESCO 2006). In the case of Sao Tome and Principe, the ISCED classification is the same as the
national education system described above. Table 2.1 presents the theoretical (intended) grade and level
of education for 9- to 13-year-olds, according to both classifications. The actual age of students in these
grades may differ substantially, please see Section 7.2 to 7.6.
Table 2.1 Intended education level and grade for children aged 9-13 years, Sao Tome and Principe,
2010
Education system
(National definition)
Education system
(ISCED)
9
Ensino
primário 1°
ciclo, classe 4
10
Ensino
primário 1°
ciclo, classe 5
11
Ensino
primário 1°
ciclo, classe 6
Primary
grade 4
Primary
grade 5
Primary
Grade 6
12
Ensino
primário 2°
ciclo, classe 1
Lower
secondary
grade 1
13
Ensino
primário 2°
ciclo, classe 2
Lower
secondary
grade 2
Source: Country approved ISCED mappings, (UIS 2013).
1
3. Sources and limitations of data on population and education
3.1 Population data
The number of girls by age in Sao Tome and Principe was obtained from the 2010 revision of the World
Population Prospects by the United Nations Population Division (UNPD 2011b). UNPD generates
population estimates by single year of age from data collected in national censuses. The population
estimates for Sao Tome and Principe are designed to be consistent with the latest available census: the
2001 Census (UNPD 2011a).
3.2 Administrative data on enrolment
98% of girls of primary school age and 85% of girls of lower secondary age were enrolled in school in
2008 and 2010 respectively according to the latest available UIS data based on administrative records.
Data on enrolment were obtained from the database of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), which
collects education statistics from national statistical authorities in an annual survey. The UIS updates its
database three times per year, in January, May and October. The enrolment data for Sao Tome and
Principe in this report are from the May 2013 data release of the UIS.
3.3 Household survey data on attendance
The source of the school attendance data in this report is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)
2008-09. Household survey data have certain limitations. The DHS 2008-09 is based on a nationally
representative sample of the population (sample size: 3,536 households with 13,462 individuals),
designed to be representative at the urban, rural and regional levels (INE et. al, 2010). The results of the
survey are subject to sampling errors (due to the sample design) and non-sampling errors (for example
errors introduced during data processing). Because the DHS covers households, some groups may be
under- or not represented, such as refugee, migrant or homeless populations.
The number of girls aged 9-13 years in the DHS 2008-09 survey sample is 886. Table 3.1 displays the
distribution of the target population in the sample by household location and wealth. It also provides the
number of cases upon which the subsequent analysis is based. Because the DHS is a sample survey, the
following distribution should be considered an approximate, but not an exact, distribution of the target
population in Sao Tome and Principe.
Table 3.1 Distribution of girls 9-13 years in survey sample, Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09
Urban
(%)
Girls 9-13
years
53.3
Rural
(%)
46.7
Poorest
quintile
(%)
Second
poorest
quintile
(%)
Middle
quintile
19.1
19.8
18.0
(%)
Second
richest
quintile
(%)
Richest
quintile
Total
(%)
(%)
23.5
19.6
Sample
size
100.0
886
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
3.4 Limitations of age data
Reported age data may also be erroneous because children may lack birth certificates or because the
survey respondent may not know the exact age of all household members. Age data may thus exhibit
heaping, typical around ages ending in 0 and 5. In the case of the Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09,
the age distribution of women in the survey data is a close match with the age distribution in population
2
estimates by the UN Population Division for the same year (Figure 3.1). Age heaping in the total female
survey sample is moderate. In the sample of girls 5-17, the age distribution is uneven but obvious age
heaping cannot be observed (Figure 3.2).
Furthermore, survey programmes such as the Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicator
Cluster Survey are not designed primarily for the collection of education data. As a result there is often a
gap between the beginning of the school year and the survey collection period. At the time of the survey
children can thus be many months older than they were at the beginning of the school year. Where the
gap is 6 months or greater, the UIS adjusts the age data backwards by one year (age – 1) to minimize the
age/grade discrepancy. In the case of the Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09, this age adjustment was
applied, as the gap is 12-17 months.

Survey question on current school attendance: “Did (NAME) attend school during the 2007-08
school year?”
Start month of the academic year: September
Survey collection period: September 2008 - Jan 2009


Figure 3.1 Age distribution in female sample of Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09, by single
year of age, compared with female age distribution in UN Population Division data for 2009
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Age (years)
UN Population Division
70
80
90
100
DHS
Sources: UNPD World Population Prospects 2010, Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
3
Figure 3.2 Age distribution in sample of girls 5-17 years in Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09,
by single year of age
10
8
6
4
2
0
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Age (years)
13
14
15
16
17
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
4
4. Population estimates
Table 4.1 presents UN Population Division estimates of the number of girls aged 9-13 and 9-15 years in
Sao Tome and Principe between 2010 and 2015. In 2013, the number of girls 9-13 years old was
estimated at 10.9 thousand. This number has increased since the beginning of the decade and is
projected to continue to grow between 2013 and 2015. Population estimates in the remaining section of
this report are for the year 2013.
Table 4.1 Sao Tome and Principe: Female population 9-15 years (1,000), by single year of age,
2010-2015
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
10
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
11
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
12
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
13
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
14
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
15
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
9-13
10.5
10.6
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
9-15
14.4
14.6
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.3
Source: UNPD 2011.
5. Coverage: Which share of the target population attends school?
Table 5.1 explores the basic issue of coverage of the target population of girls 9-13 years. Household
survey estimates show the attendance rate to range from 89.7% to 97.1%, with the highest attendance
rate observed at age 9 and the lowest at age 13. It is important to note that the attendance rate presented
here includes attendance in pre-primary, primary, secondary or higher education. Attendance in nonformal education programmes (in surveys which include this category) are considered out of school.
Table 5.1 Sao Tome and Principe: Percentage of 9- to 13-year-old girls in school, by single year of
age, 2008-09
Age-specific attendance rate
9
97.1
10
94.9
11
95.3
12
90.3
13
89.7
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Table 5.2 presents the percentage and confidence intervals for 9- to 13-year-old girls who are in school
(currently attending pre-primary, primary, secondary or higher education) according to the Sao Tome and
Principe 2008-09 DHS. The confidence interval indicates, generally speaking, that the given range has a
95% probability of containing the true value. These were calculated using Stata statistical software, taking
into consideration the clustered sampling design of the DHS.
Table 5.2 Percentage of 9- to 13-year-old girls in school, by household characteristics, with 95%
confidence intervals, Sao Tome and Principe, 2008-09
Urban (n=388)
Rural (n=498)
Poorest (n=180)
Second poorest (n=174)
Middle (n=191)
Second richest (n=210)
Richest (n=131)
Total (n=886)
% Girls Aged 9-13 In School
93.3
93.6
86.5
89.7
95.0
95.7
99.3
93.4
95% CI Lower Bound
90.5
90.8
80.5
83.0
91.1
91.4
98.3
91.4
95% CI Upper Bound
96.1
96.4
92.6
96.3
98.9
100.0
100.0
95.4
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Notes: n = number of observations in survey data (female observations 9-13 years in each sub-group).
5
6. Equity: Which girls aged 9-13 years are most likely to be in and out of school?
6.1 Summary
Based on findings of a DHS, 6.5% of all girls 9-13 were out of school in Sao Tome and Principe in 200809. 79.7% of the girls in this age group attended primary education and 13.3% secondary education (see
Table 6.1 and Figure 6.1).
The patterns of school attendance of girls 9-13 in urban and rural areas were very different in 2008-09.
The out-of-school rate was 6.7% in urban areas and 6.4% in rural areas. 73.6% of urban girls attended
primary education and 19.1% secondary education. Among rural girls, 86.5% attended primary education
and 6.8% secondary education.
A comparison of school attendance of girls 9-13 from the richest and poorest household quintiles reveals
large disparities. 0.7% of girls from the richest quintile and 13.5% of girls from the poorest quintile were
out of school in 2008-09. In the richest quintile, 63.6% attended primary education and 35.0% secondary
education. In the poorest quintile, 82.7% were in primary education and 3.9% in secondary education.
Table 6.1 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by level of education (%), girls 9-13 years,
2008-09
Group
Pre-primary education
Primary education
Secondary education
Tertiary education
Out of school
No data
Total
Total
Urban
79.7
13.3
0.3
6.5
0.1
100.0
73.6
19.1
0.6
6.7
100.0
Rural
Richest
quintile
Poorest
quintile
86.5
6.8
63.6
35.0
82.7
3.9
6.4
0.3
100.0
0.7
0.7
100.0
13.5
100.0
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Analysis of school attendance by grade shows that the largest percentage of girls 9-13 could be found in
primary grade 5 (21.5%), primary grade 4 (19.4%), and primary grade 6 (17.5%) (see Table 6.2 and
Figure 6.1). In urban areas, the grade attended by the largest percentage of girls was primary grade 5
(23.7%); in rural areas it was primary grade 4 (22.8%). There was a large difference in the pattern of
school attendance by grade between girls from the richest and poorest household quintile in Sao Tome
and Principe. Among girls from the richest quintile in school, the most common grade was primary grade
5 (29.1%). Among girls from the poorest quintile in school, the most common grade was primary grade 4
(21.2%).
Tables 6.3 to 6.7 and Figures 6.2 to 6.6 offer more data on school attendance by age, level and grade of
5- to 17-year-old girls in Sao Tome and Principe. Section 8 provides summary tables of school
attendance for the age range 5-23.
6
Table 6.2 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by level of education and grade (%), girls 9-13 years,
2008-09
Group
Total
Urban
Richest
quintile
Rural
Poorest
quintile
Pre-primary education
1.6
6.1
13.6
19.4
21.5
17.5
9.4
3.2
0.7
1.5
4.6
10.4
16.5
23.7
16.9
12.9
5.2
0.8
0.1
Tertiary education
0.3
Out of school
6.5
No data
0.1
Total
100.0
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
0.1
0.6
6.7
Primary education
Secondary
education
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
100.0
1.7
7.7
17.2
22.8
19.1
18.2
5.3
0.9
0.5
0.3
1.4
2.2
13.3
29.1
17.4
23.3
10.5
1.2
3.2
11.9
17.5
21.2
20.9
8.0
2.6
1.3
6.4
0.3
100.0
0.7
0.7
100.0
13.5
100.0
Figure 6.1: School attendance by level and grade, girls 9-13 years, Sao Tome and Principe 2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
Total
Pre-primary
education
Urban
Primary
education
Rural
Secondary
education
Richest quintile Poorest quintile
Tertiary
education
Out of
school
No
data
Note: Darker shade = lower grade in level, lighter shade = upper grade in level.
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
7
6.2 All girls
Table 6.3 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), all girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
Age (years)
Pre-primary education
Primary education
Secondary
education
5-8
0.2
31.6
28.6
14.8
4.1
1.3
0.2
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
9
10
11
12
13
4.7
12.7
25.2
30.2
21.9
2.4
0.6
11.5
20.2
26.5
26.7
5.3
2.8
1.4
1.4
3.5
10.3
23.5
23.4
25.6
4.9
0.5
0.6
0.9
8.9
9.6
23.6
25.6
15.8
4.7
0.5
0.3
2.1
2.3
7.8
11.5
28.6
23.9
10.0
3.2
9.7
10.3
0.4
0.5
0.8
1.6
10.5
11.3
19.4
11.3
4.4
1.3
0.3
38.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
Tertiary education
Out of school
No data
Total
19.2
2.9
5.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.6
4.7
0.7
100.0
14-17
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 6.2 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), all girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
5-8
Pre-primary
education
9
Primary
education
10
11
Age (years)
Secondary
education
12
13
Tertiary
education
Out of
school
14-17
No
data
Note: Darker shade = lower grade in level, lighter shade = upper grade in level.
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
8
6.3 Girls in urban households
Table 6.4 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), urban girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
Age (years)
Pre-primary education
Primary education
Secondary
education
5-8
0.4
27.1
32.3
16.1
4.3
1.7
0.3
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
9
10
11
12
4.9
9.8
22.9
24.9
31.6
3.0
0.9
5.6
16.0
19.7
32.6
9.9
6.1
3.1
3.1
7.7
24.3
24.7
24.2
7.1
1.1
1.8
5.6
9.0
20.9
22.2
21.5
8.2
13
2.6
9.2
9.4
0.8
0.3
1.0
10.4
11.6
21.2
15.3
4.0
1.5
0.3
33.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.0
10.7
24.8
28.4
14.1
4.1
0.5
Tertiary education
Out of school
No data
Total
17.8
3.0
6.2
3.1
5.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14-17
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 6.3 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), urban girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
5-8
Pre-primary
education
9
Primary
education
10
11
Age (years)
Secondary
education
12
13
Tertiary
education
Out of
school
14-17
No
data
Note: Darker shade = lower grade in level, lighter shade = upper grade in level.
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
9
6.4 Girls in rural households
Table 6.5 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), rural girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
Age (years)
Pre-primary education
Primary education
Secondary
education
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Tertiary education
Out of school
No data
Total
5-8
9
10
11
36.5
24.6
13.4
3.9
0.9
4.4
16.3
28.0
36.9
9.9
1.7
0.3
16.4
23.7
32.1
21.7
1.5
2.9
4.0
13.2
22.7
21.9
27.1
2.4
1.1
20.8
2.8
4.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.4
1.5
100.0
12
13
14-17
12.3
10.3
26.3
29.1
9.8
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.3
5.9
10.6
12.8
34.7
16.7
3.4
1.9
10.3
11.9
0.9
0.2
1.5
2.4
10.6
11.0
17.2
6.4
4.9
1.0
0.2
43.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 6.4 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), rural girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
5-8
Pre-primary
education
9
Primary
education
10
11
Age (years)
Secondary
education
12
13
Tertiary
education
Out of
school
14-17
No
data
Note: Darker shade = lower grade in level, lighter shade = upper grade in level.
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
10
6.5 Girls in households from the richest quintile
Table 6.6 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), richest girls 5-17
years, 2008-09
Age (years)
Pre-primary education
Primary education
Secondary
education
5-8
0.4
31.3
31.9
18.2
7.8
1.6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Tertiary education
Out of school
No data
Total
9
11
7.4
0.5
15.6
46.2
11.0
12.7
6.6
4.4
28.5
19.7
21.5
20.7
12
13
14-17
1.2
7.0
26.8
56.0
7.5
8.8
100.0
10
1.2
1.8
1.2
17.1
23.2
39.1
19.4
1.4
100.0
100.0
5.1
100.0
100.0
2.4
7.2
23.5
38.9
20.5
5.6
1.8
0.1
8.3
12.8
36.1
18.6
4.9
3.1
1.1
12.1
100.0
100.0
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 6.5 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), richest girls 517 years, 2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
5-8
Pre-primary
education
9
Primary
education
10
11
Age (years)
Secondary
education
12
13
Tertiary
education
Out of
school
14-17
No
data
Note: Darker shade = lower grade in level, lighter shade = upper grade in level.
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
11
6.6 Girls in households from the poorest quintile
Table 6.7 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), poorest girls 517 years, 2008-09
Age (years)
Pre-primary education
Primary education
Secondary
education
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
5-8
9
10
34.6
26.3
8.8
0.5
1.6
7.7
21.1
26.8
26.1
8.1
1.6
2.7
20.2
31.3
19.7
18.1
11
12
11.9
5.0
38.6
14.4
16.2
2.7
3.2
15.2
11.8
39.5
10.0
2.0
3.9
Tertiary education
Out of school
No data
Total
13
5.2
5.9
16.7
18.9
14.4
10.9
3.9
14-17
2.0
3.4
7.4
9.4
8.1
3.0
4.8
28.2
8.5
8.1
10.0
15.5
23.9
62.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 6.6 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age, level and grade (%), poorest girls 517 years, 2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
5-8
Pre-primary
education
9
Primary
education
10
11
Age (years)
Secondary
education
12
13
Tertiary
education
Out of
school
14-17
No
data
Note: Darker shade = lower grade in level, lighter shade = upper grade in level.
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
12
7. Location: Which education levels and grades do girls aged 9-13 attend?
7.1 Summary
As seen in Table 2.1, according to the national education system, children aged 9-13 should be in grades
4-6 of primary education and grades 1-2 of lower secondary. Based on findings of a DHS conducted in
Sao Tome and Principe in 2008-09, the grades girls 9-13 attend are quite similar to the theoretical grades
for their age. The grades with the highest shares of the target group are 4, 5 and 6 of primary education;
more than 70% of the female students attending those grades are 9-13 years old. Primary grade 5 has
the highest share of 9-13 year old students (90%), followed by grade 4 (79.7%) and grade 6 (70.5%).
The age-grade attendance patterns in urban and rural areas were similar. Due to late entry into school,
repetition or temporary dropout, female students in rural areas aged 9-13 are more likely to attend lower
primary grades than their peers in urban areas. The data show that in urban areas, the grade with the
highest share (91.2%) of 9-13 year old female students is in grade 5, and in rural areas the highest share
(88.4%) is also in grade 5.
A comparison of female students from the richest and poorest household quintiles in Sao Tome and
Principe reveals disparities in the grades they attend. Female students aged 9-13 from the richest
households are most likely to attend grades 5 (95.1%), 6 (69.6%) and 4 (61.5%). In contrast, female
students from the poorest households are most likely to be in grades 4 (88.8%) and 5 (83.6%).
Table 7.1 Sao Tome and Principe: Percentage of female students in each grade who are 9-13 years
old, 2008-09
Total
Urban
Rural
Richest quintile
Poorest quintile
Gr 1
5.2
5.9
4.6
0.9
7.0
Primary Education (ISCED 1)
Gr 2
Gr 3
Gr 4
Gr 5
18.6
49.1
79.7
90.0
13.9
40.9
78.0
91.2
24.2
56.9
81.2
88.4
4.6
10.9
61.5
95.1
27.1
61.3
88.8
83.6
Gr 6
70.5
69.0
72.2
69.6
64.0
Secondary Education (ISCED 2 and 3)
Gr 1
Gr 2
Gr 3
Gr 4
Gr 5
52.6
17.6
4.7
1.2
60.4
23.9
4.1
1.6
38.7
6.6
6.5
65.4
25.2
3.4
29.7
15.1
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Tables 7.2 to 7.6 and Figures 7.1 to 7.5 offer more data on the age of female students in Sao Tome and
Principe by level and grade.
13
7.2 All girls
Table 7.2 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), all girls, 2008-09
Primary Education (ISCED 1)
Secondary Education (ISCED 2 and 3)
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
94.8
80.7
49.4
15.5
4.9
0.7
3.4
8.7
20.4
27.8
20.5
2.2
0.3
6.0
12.5
18.5
19.1
3.7
2.7
1.4
0.8
2.1
7.1
18.4
18.7
19.7
5.3
0.5
0.4
0.7
7.6
9.3
23.3
24.5
20.9
6.1
0.8
1.2
0.2
1.1
1.5
5.7
8.5
20.5
23.7
9.7
3.9
0.8
1.3
2.2
4.4
27.1
40.6
68.3
49.3
56.4
16.1
0.2
2.5
0.6
1.7
6.8
14.1
46.0
43.6
82.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Age
5-8
9
10
11
12
13
14-17
18-23
Total
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 7.1 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), all girls, 200809
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Primary
Ages
5-8
Age 9
Age 10
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Secondary
Age 11
Age 12
Age 13
Ages
14-17
Ages
18-23
Source: sao tome and principe dhs 2008-09.
14
7.3 Girls in urban households
Table 7.3 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), urban girls,
2008-09
Primary Education (ISCED 1)
Secondary Education (ISCED 2 and 3)
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
94.1
86.1
56.5
18.1
5.7
1.2
4.4
6.8
20.9
27.2
28.1
2.9
0.5
2.5
9.2
13.6
18.3
5.9
4.2
2.1
1.8
5.8
21.9
18.1
19.0
6.3
1.0
1.2
5.0
9.6
18.1
20.5
22.7
8.5
1.6
1.6
5.8
8.4
20.8
27.2
13.2
4.1
2.1
0.9
2.6
28.2
36.0
64.6
49.5
59.4
14.2
0.5
2.9
0.6
1.5
3.7
11.5
46.5
40.6
84.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Age
5-8
9
10
11
12
13
14-17
18-23
Total
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 7.2 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), urban girls,
2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Primary
Ages
5-8
Age 9
Age 10
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Secondary
Age 11
Age 12
Age 13
Ages
14-17
Ages
18-23
Source: sao tome and principe dhs 2008-09.
15
7.4 Girls in rural households
Table 7.4 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), rural girls, 200809
Primary Education (ISCED 1)
Secondary Education (ISCED 2 and 3)
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
95.4
74.1
42.6
13.3
3.9
2.6
11.0
20.0
28.3
9.9
1.4
0.2
10.3
15.6
22.8
20.0
1.2
1.5
2.4
8.3
15.5
19.4
20.6
3.3
1.4
10.1
9.1
30.5
28.9
17.8
1.7
3.0
0.3
0.6
2.9
5.5
8.6
20.1
17.6
3.5
3.4
1.7
0.5
3.3
6.9
25.9
48.8
74.7
48.9
53.7
21.2
2.2
0.8
1.9
12.4
18.6
44.7
46.3
78.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Age
5-8
9
10
11
12
13
14-17
18-23
Total
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 7.3 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), rural girls,
2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Primary
Ages
5-8
Age 9
Age 10
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Secondary
Age 11
Age 12
Age 13
Ages
14-17
Ages
18-23
Source: sao tome and principe dhs 2008-09.
16
7.5 Girls in households from the richest quintile
Table 7.5 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), richest girls,
2008-09
Primary Education (ISCED 1)
Secondary Education (ISCED 2 and 3)
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
99.1
92.3
81.8
32.5
4.6
0.9
7.5
26.5
38.9
6.4
4.6
0.5
13.8
28.8
8.4
6.8
3.0
2.9
17.4
8.4
11.4
7.6
1.4
13.8
22.9
27.0
11.4
2.5
5.2
20.6
23.9
10.8
3.4
3.1
7.2
0.3
26.1
28.3
68.0
40.3
35.4
21.3
6.0
4.3
6.3
6.8
56.4
64.6
78.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Age
5-8
9
10
11
12
13
14-17
18-23
Total
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 7.4 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), richest girls,
2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Primary
Ages
5-8
Age 9
Age 10
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Secondary
Age 11
Age 12
Age 13
Ages
14-17
Ages
18-23
Source: sao tome and principe dhs 2008-09.
17
7.6 Girls in households from the poorest quintile
Table 7.6 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), poorest girls,
2008-09
Primary Education (ISCED 1)
Secondary Education (ISCED 2 and 3)
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
93.0
72.9
37.5
2.7
8.0
4.5
12.8
24.9
29.0
8.6
3.4
0.8
6.6
15.6
11.7
10.3
3.6
2.3
21.5
7.7
17.1
6.3
1.6
2.0
14.5
13.4
42.8
21.7
6.2
2.3
3.9
13.2
14.3
21.7
23.5
8.8
5.1
8.4
36.0
65.5
59.6
53.3
100.0
1.3
3.4
4.8
25.3
46.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0
Age
5-8
9
10
11
12
13
14-17
18-23
Total
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Figure 7.5 Sao Tome and Principe: Age by education level and grade attended (%), poorest girls,
2008-09
100
80
Percent
60
40
20
0
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 1
Primary
Ages
5-8
Age 9
Age 10
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Secondary
Age 11
Age 12
Age 13
Ages
14-17
Ages
18-23
Source: sao tome and principe dhs 2008-09.
18
8. School attendance by age and grade
Table 8.1 summarizes school attendance by age grade as a percentage of the female population between 5 and 23 years of age in Sao Tome and
Principe, based on data from the DHS 2008-09. It shows the percentage of girls by single year of age who are in and out of school.
Table 8.1 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age and grade (% of population of single year of age), female population, 200809
PrePrimary education
Secondary education
Tertiary Out of
primary
No data
ed.
school
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
ed.
5
0.7
48.9
4.1
0.5
45.8
6
42.9
34.7
4.5
0.7
17.3
7
22.1
47.7
22.2
2.2
0.3
5.6
8
8.2
31.6
35.8
15.8
5.4
3.1
9
4.7
12.7
25.2
30.2
21.9
2.4
2.9
10
0.6
11.5
20.2
26.5
26.7
5.3
2.8
1.4
5.1
11
1.4
3.5
10.3
23.5
23.4
25.6
4.9
0.5
1.6
4.7
0.7
12
0.6
0.9
8.9
9.6
23.6
25.6
15.8
4.7
0.5
0.3
9.7
13
0.3
2.1
2.3
7.8
11.5
28.6
23.9
10.0
3.2
10.3
14
2.8
1.8
2.3
24.6
17.3
19.3
10.5
1.2
20.2
15
1.4
0.6
2.6
13.0
18.4
26.9
8.1
29.0
16
0.3
1.8
2.1
8.3
19.7
12.0
4.9
3.1
48.0
17
0.9
0.2
5.1
3.1
12.2
14.5
10.3
1.9
0.9
50.9
18
0.5
1.4
2.0
8.6
18.5
3.0
2.9
0.6
62.4
19
1.4
3.2
0.6
11.8
6.0
3.0
74.0
20
2.5
1.5
1.1
3.8
7.1
2.4
2.5
0.9
78.2
21
0.4
0.4
3.1
6.2
3.8
8.0
78.1
22
0.7
1.1
6.4
0.3
5.0
86.4
23
0.5
0.4
3.6
1.9
12.4
79.7
1.6
Age
(years)
Total
(%)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total (n)
223
211
207
177
192
153
170
203
168
104
144
127
158
108
104
104
119
90
91
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09.
Notes: n = number of observations in survey data (female population 5-23 years per single year of age).
19
Table 8.2 summarizes school attendance by age and grade for the female population between 5 and 23 years of age in Sao Tome and Principe,
based on data from the DHS 2008-09. It shows the age distribution of girls in each category of education status.
Table 8.2 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age and grade (% of education status category), female population, 2008-09
Age
(years)
Preprimary
5
Prim
grade 1
100.0
Prim
grade 2
Prim
grade 3
Prim
grade 4
Prim
grade 5
Prim
grade 6
40.9
3.2
6
32.1
24.2
3.7
7
16.1
33.0
18.2
2.0
8
5.5
20.2
27.2
13.5
4.7
9
3.4
8.7
20.4
27.8
20.5
2.2
10
0.3
6.0
12.5
18.5
19.1
3.7
11
0.8
2.1
7.1
18.4
18.7
12
0.4
0.7
7.6
9.3
23.3
13
0.2
1.1
1.5
5.7
1.3
14
15
16
0.2
Sec
grade 3
Sec
grade 4
Sec
grade 5
Out of
school
Tertiary
0.7
3.5
0.2
1.2
0.3
1.4
19.7
5.3
0.5
24.5
20.9
6.1
0.8
8.5
20.5
23.7
9.7
3.9
0.9
1.2
12.6
12.3
13.5
9.0
0.4
1.9
9.3
18.4
26.4
9.8
0.2
1.1
1.2
6.7
15.6
11.7
14.1
8.9
0.7
0.2
3.9
3.3
12.8
18.7
39.2
7.3
25.7
9.1
0.3
0.8
1.6
6.6
17.7
8.5
8.1
12.1
8.3
2.4
0.5
11.0
16.5
8.0
0.7
2.5
5.8
5.8
6.0
2.7
6.8
12.3
25.3
11.8
0.6
4.7
0.6
10.5
8.7
24.7
7.6
29.7
0.8
20
1.2
0.8
0.3
22
0.3
23
45.8
0.6
2.7
19
0.2
No data
11.2
18
21
Sec
grade 2
0.5
0.8
17
Sec
grade 1
0.2
0.2
2.1
1.1
0.8
46.2
1.2
0.8
24.5
2.2
1.7
3.1
2.4
4.9
6.5
9.5
15.9
8.9
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total (n)
2
301
279
248
229
214
212
145
160
93
39
27
5
896
3
Source: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09
Notes: n = number of observations in survey data (female population 5-23 years in each grade or level of education).
20
Table 8.3 summarizes school attendance by age and grade in absolute numbers. For this analysis, school attendance rates from the DHS 200809 were applied to UNPD population estimates for Sao Tome and Principe for the year 2013. This assumes that attendance rates in 2013 are the
same as in the most recent year with household survey data.
Table 8.3 Sao Tome and Principe: School attendance by age and grade (1,000), female population, 2013
PrePrimary education
Secondary education
Tertiary Out of
primary
No data
ed.
school
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
ed.
5
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.0
1.0
6
1.0
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.4
7
0.5
1.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
8
0.2
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.1
0.1
9
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
10
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
11
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
12
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.2
14
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.4
15
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.6
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.0
17
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
18
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.2
19
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.4
20
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
21
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.4
22
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
1.5
23
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
1.3
0.0
Total
0.0
2.9
3.4
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.2
2.3
1.9
0.6
0.7
0.1
13.5
0.0
Age
(years)
Total
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
38.8
Sources: Attendance rates: Sao Tome and Principe DHS 2008-09. Population estimates: UNPD World Population Prospects 2010.
Note: School attendance rates from the DHS 2008-09 were applied to UNDP population estimates for the year 2013.
21
9. References
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) [São Tomé e Príncipe], Ministério da Saúde, e ICF Macro. 2010.
Inquérito Demográfico e Sanitário, São Tomé e Príncipe, IDS STP, 2008-2009. Calverton,
Maryland, USA: INE.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). 2013. “ISCED 1997 Mappings”. Montreal: UIS.
http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/ISCEDMappings/Pages/default.aspx.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 2006. ISCED 1997:
International Standard Classification of Education. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
United Nations Population Division. 2011a. “Data Sources. File 0-2: Latest Data Sources Used to Derive
Estimates for Total Population: World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision”. New York:
UNPD. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm.
———. 2011b. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision. New York: UNPD.
22