Revolts in Latin America
Chapter 4
Section 3
Focus Question
Chapter 4.3
Who were the key revolutionaries
that led the movements for
independence in Latin America, and
what were their accomplishments?
Video
Watch the following video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z
Bw35Ze3bg8
Latin America
(year indicates date of independence from
Spain
Latin America
By late 1700s, revolutionary fever had spread to
Latin America where social system led to
discontent
Spanish born peninsulares, the highest social
class, dominated the government and the Church
Many creoles—Latin Americans of European
descent who owned the haciendas, ranches, and
mines—resented their second-class status
Mestizos, people of Native American and
European descent, and mulattoes, people of
African and European descent, were angry at
being denied the status, wealth, and power that
the other groups enjoyed
Peninsulares
Creoles
Latin
Americans of
European
descent
Mestizos
Children of
Native
American
and
European
parents
Mulattoes
People of
African and
European
descent
Latin American Revolutions
The Enlightenment and the French and American
Revolutions inspired creoles, but they were
reluctant to act
However, when Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808,
Latin American leaders decided to demand
independence from Spain
Spain
Hispaniola
Revolution erupted in Hispaniola in 1791 when
Toussaint L’Ouverture led a slave rebellion
there
Fighting cost many lives, but the rebels achieved
their goal of abolishing slavery and taking control
of the island
Napoleon’s army tried to reconquer the island but
failed
In 1804, the island declared itself independent
under the name Haiti
Hispaniola
The island of
Hispaniola is
shared by two
countries –
Haiti and the
Dominican
Republic.
These are
among the
poorest nations
in the world
today.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Haiti
Haiti
Mexico
In 1810, a creole priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, called
Mexicans to fight for independence
After some successes, he was captured and executed
Father Jose Morelos tried to carry the revolution forward
but he too was captured and killed
Successful independence finally came in 1821 when
Mexican revolutionaries led by Agustin de Iturbide
overthrew the Spanish viceroy and declared independence
Central American colonies also declared their independence
Mexico
Video
Watch the following brief video about
Mexican independence:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z
FNHayrnav8
South America
In the early 1800s, discontent spread across
South America
Simón Bolívar led an uprising in Venezuela
Conservative forces toppled his new republic, but
Bolívar did not give up
In a grueling campaign, he marched his army
across the Andes, swooping down into Bogotá
and seizing the city from the Spanish
Then he move south to free Ecuador, Peru, and
Bolivia
Andes Mountains
Simón Bolívar
Videos – Simón Bolivar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z
Bw35Ze3bg8
South America
South America
There, he joined forces with another great leader,
Jose de San Martin
San Martin helped Argentina and Chile win
freedom from Spain
Wars of independence ended in 1824, but power
struggles among South American leaders led to
destructive civil wars
In Brazil, Dom Pedro, the son of the Portuguese
king, became emperor and proclaimed
independence for Brazil in 1822 against Portugal
José de San Martín
Powerpoint Questions
1. People of Latin American and African descent
were called ______.
2. I was born in Spain but I live in South America. I
am a member of the highest social class. Who am
I?
3. My grandparents were born in Europe but I live
in Latin America. My parents own a wealthy ranch
but I resent my “second-class” status in society.
I am a __________.
4. My grandfather, a European, married a Native
American princess, my grandmother. I am a
_______.
5. Who invaded Spain in 1808?
Powerpoint Questions
6. What is the name of the island that is divided
between Haiti and the Dominican Republic?
7. Who led a slave rebellion in Haiti?
8. Who was the creole priest in Mexico that
encouraged Mexicans to fight for
independence?
9. Who was the second Mexican priest that
continued the Mexican fight for independence?
10. Who led an uprising against the Spanish in
Venezuela?
11. What three countries were liberated after
Venezuela? (3 points)
Powerpoint Questions
12. Who helped liberate Chile and Argentina from
Spanish rule?
13. “I am the son of the Portuguese king. I helped
Brazil declare and achieve independence
against Portugal in 1822”. I am _________.