Ism Tafdeel ‫ تفضيل‬to prefer something
Comparative
 -Er, more meaning
 Bigger, better, more beautiful, more intelligent
َ ٌ َ ُّ َ َ ُّ َ َ ُّ َ َ َ َ َ َ
َ َ‫ أ‬- ‫ُُش‬
َ َ‫أ‬
َ َ‫كَبُُُأ‬
 ُ‫ُفعل‬
ُ‫ري ر‬
‫حسنُُُأمجلُُُأذَكُُُأضلُُُأشدُُأقلُُخ‬
َ
 Partly Flex, same for masc and fem.
 ‫ ِمن‬to mean “than” ‫ هوُأكَبُمين‬He is bigger than me.
 How to make partly flex ism fully flex….
َ
َ
o Add ُ‫ ال‬to the ism: ُ‫ساجد‬
ِ ‫ م‬is PF, ُ‫ساجد‬
ِ ‫ الم‬is fully flex
َ َّ َ
o Make the ism a mudhaaf: ‫ُُمك ُة‬
‫ساج ِد‬
ُِ ‫ِإىل َم‬
َ َ
َ َ
 ‫مي‬
َُ ‫بُِأحك ِمُُاحلا ِك‬
َُ ‫( بُِأعل َمُُُبِالشا ِك ِر‬not a mudhaf, therefore PF)
‫ين‬
Superlative




Epitome of a quality
Est, most
Biggest, best, most beautiful, most intelligent
َ
َ
َ ‫األ‬
Masc: ُ‫فعل‬
Fem: ‫عل‬
ُ ‫الف‬
َ
َ
َ َ
َ
َ
َ
َ
َ
 ‫ظم‬
ُ ‫األحسنُُاحلسَنُُُُاألكَبُُُالكَبىُُُاألعظمُُُالع‬
Using an idafaah for a superlative meaning. The ism tafdeel will be the
mudhaf.
1) MIL will be plural and proper
َ
َ
a. ‫صص‬
ُ ِ ‫ أحسنُالق‬the best of stories
َ َ
b. ‫مي‬
َُ ‫ بِأحك ِمُاحلا ِك‬the wisest of judges
َ َ‫ أ‬The biggest of the cities
c. ‫ن‬
ُِ ‫كَبُالمد‬
2) MIL singular and common
ًَ َ
َ َ
a. ‫ل‬
ُ ‫ أكَثُيشءُُُجد‬The greatest thing in regards to arguing.
َ
َ َ
b. ُ‫ُُم ِدينة‬
‫ أكَب‬The biggest city.
3) MIL singular and proper – shows a portion of the whole
َ َ
a. ‫تاب‬
ُِ ‫ك‬
ِ ‫ أحسنُال‬The best part of the book
(1) and (2) have similar meanings.
َ
Tamyeez ‫ تميِزي‬- Family 2 ‫مزي‬
َُ
‫ َم ز َزي يم ّ ِ ُزي‬Differentiator.
Fatima is better than me.
Fatima is better than me in regards to cooking.
I am more than you in regards to wealth.
ً َ َ
َ ْ َ ََ
ُ ‫ُم‬
‫ال‬
‫أناُُأكَثُ ِمنك‬
َ
ََ
‫َوُأ َع ُّزُُُنف ًرا‬
َ َ ََ َ ْ َ ‫ْ ر‬
ُ‫اِك ِت ِه‬
ُ‫كُيعملُُ ى‬
ُ ُ‫ل‬
ُ‫ق‬
ِ ‫َعُش‬
ً َ ‫َ َ ُّ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ى‬
ُ ‫ُفربكمُُأعلمُُبِمنُُهوُُأهدىُُس ِب‬
‫يل‬
The one who is more guided on the path.
ً َ َ َ َّ َ ‫َ ى َ َ ْ َ ى‬
َ َ َ َّ َ
َ
ُ ‫واُس ِب‬
‫يل‬
‫ُُاَّلينُُآمن‬
‫ّل‬
ِ ‫ُينُُكفرواُهـؤل ِءُُأهدىُُ ِمن‬
ِ ِ ‫َويقولونُُل‬
And they say to/about those who disbelieve, “These are more guided than
those who believe in regards to the path.”
Recap:
Additional superlative meanings:
Ism tafdeel as a mudhaf
 MIL proper and plural
َ
َ
َ
َ
َ
َ
o ‫ص‬
ُ ِ ‫أكَبُالمد ِنُُُأحسنُالقص‬
 MIL common and singular
َ َ َ
َ َ َ
َ َ َ َ
o ُ‫قويمُُأكَبُم ِدينة‬
‫أكَثُيشء‬
ِ
ِ ‫ُُُُُُُُِفُُأحس ِنُت‬
 MIL proper and singular – portion of whole
َ َ َ
o ‫رض‬
ُ ِ ‫ أدَنُاأل‬the lowest part of the eath.
ََ
Tamyeez: ism in the nasb status that answers “in regards to” “in terms of” ُ‫أنا‬
ً
َ َ
ُ
‫ُمنكُمال‬
‫أكَث‬