Chapter 3 PROBLEM 3.12 C PROBLEM 3.1 b B A A 13.2-N force P is applied to the lever which controls the auger of a snowblower. Determine the moment of P about A when D is equal to 30°. D E d It is known that a force with a moment of 900 N.m about D is required to straighten the fence post CD. If a 200 mm, b 900 mm, and d 2.8 m, determine the tension that must be developed in the cable of winch puller AB to create the required moment about point D. a SOLUTION 10.44 3 SOLUTION 0.9 m 10 First note Px Py 13.2 N sin 30q P sin D P cos D 13.2 N cos 30q 6.60 N 2.8 m 11.4315 N Noting that the direction of the moment of each force component about A is counterclockwise, MA xB/ A Py yB/ A Px Slope of line EC = 0.9 m 3 = 2.8 m + 0.2 m 10 Then TABx = 10 TAB 10.44 and TABy = 3 TAB 10.44 0.086 m 11.4315 N 0.122 m 6.60 N 1.78831 N m or M A 1.788 N m W 0.2 m Have MD = TABx (y) + TABy (x) \ 900 N.m = 10 3 TAB (0) + TAB (2.8 m) 10.44 10.44 TAB = 1118.6 N or TAB = 1119 N J PROBLEM 3.21 Before the trunk of a large tree is felled, cables AB and BC are attached as shown. Knowing that the tension in cables AB and BC are 777 N and 990 N, respectively, determine the moment about O of the resultant force exerted on the tree by the cables at B. y 8.4 m 7.2 m PROBLEM 3.34 0.9 m 1.2 m 0.8 m 1m Determine the value of a which minimizes the perpendicular distance from point C to a section of pipeline that passes through points A and B. 5m 6m 2m A SOLUTION x z y a C 3m 5.1 m B 8m x Assuming a force F acts along AB, MC SOLUTION rA/C u F F d where d perpendicular distance from C to line AB F 8 m i 7 m j 9 m k F 8 2 7 2 9 2 m O AB F F 0.57437 i 0.50257 j 0.64616 k rA/C ? MC MO Have where 8.4 m j FB TAB TBC i j k 1 2.8 3a F 0.57437 0.50257 0.64616 ª¬ 0.30154 0.50257a i 2.3693 0.57437a j rB/O u FB rB/O 1 m i 2.8 m j a 3 m k 2.1108k @ F Since MC rA/C u F 2 or 2 TAB TBC O BATAB O BCTBC 0.9 m i 8.4 m j 7.2 m k 0.9 2 8.4 2 7.2 2 dF 2 rA/C u F 2 2 ? 0.30154 0.50257a 2.3693 0.57437a 2.1108 777 N m Setting 5.1 m i 8.4 m j 1.2 m k 990 N 5.12 8.4 2 1.2 2 m d d2 da 2 d2 0 to find a to minimize d 2 0.50257 0.30154 0.50257a 2 0.57437 2.3693 0.57437a Solving a 0 2.0761 m or a 2.08 m W PROBLEM 3.39 PROBLEM 3.47 Steel framing members AB, BC, and CD are joined at B and C and are braced using cables EF and EG. Knowing that E is at the midpoint of BC and that the tension in cable EF is 330 N, determine (a) the angle between EF and member BC, (b) the projection on BC of the force exerted by cable EF at point E. A fence consists of wooden posts and a steel cable fastened to each post and anchored in the ground at A and D. Knowing that the sum of the moments about the z axis of the forces exerted by the cable on the posts at B and C is 66 N · m, determine the magnitude TCD when TBA 56 N. SOLUTION SOLUTION k ª rB y u TBA º k ª rC y u TCD º ¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ | Mz | Based on where Mz 66 N m k rB y TBA where O BC O EF ? 16 m i 4.5 m j 12 m k 16 2 4.52 12 2 m 7 m i 6 m j 6 mk 7 2 6 2 6 2 m 20.5 and T TCD 3.0 m TEF BC CD 1 TCD 2i j 2k 3 cosT ? 66 N m ^ ` k 1 m j u ª¬ 24 N i 16 N j 48 N k º¼ ª1 º½ k ®1 m j u « TCD 2i j 2k » ¾ ¬3 ¼¿ ¯ 134.125q or T (b) By definition O CDTCD 2 m i 1 m j 2 m k T 20.511.0 cosT § 157 · cos 1 ¨ ¸ © 225.5 ¹ 56 N 24 N i 16 N j 48 N k 1 7i 6 j 6k 11.0 11.0 16 7 4.5 6 12 6 O BATBA 3.5 m 1 16i 4.5j 12k 20.5 16i 4.5j 12k 7i 6 j 6k 1 m j 1.5 m i 1 m j 3 m k 11 cosT O BC O EF (a) By definition rC y 134.1q W TEF cosT 330 N cos134.125q or 66 ? TCD 229.26 N 24 2 TCD 3 3 66 24 N 2 or TCD or TEF BC 230 N W 63.0 N W PROBLEM 3.68 PROBLEM 3.53 y A plate in the shape of a parallelogram is acted upon by two couples. Determine (a) the moment of the couple formed by the two 21-N forces, (b) the perpendicular distance between the 12-N forces if the resultant of the two couples is zero, (c) the value of D if the resultant couple is 1.8 N m clockwise and d is 1.05 m. The triangular plate ABC is supported by ball-and-socket joints at B and D and is held in the position shown by cables AE and CF. If the force exerted by cable AE at A is 1000 N, determine the moment of that force about the line joining points D and B. 400 200 900 700 600 600 z SOLUTION 350 900 300 450 600 M1 (a) Have x All dimensions in mm where SOLUTION MDB = lDB ◊ (rA/D ¥ TAE) Have 0.2 m 0.7 m lDB = where b1.2 mg i - b0.35 mg j = 0.96 i – 0.28 j 0.6 m TAE = lAETAE = 21 N 8.4 N m M1 M 2 8.40 N m d 2 12 N or . g - b0.2gb- 545.45g + b- 0.280g 0.2 b81818 . g-0 b01. gb18182 = 41.45 N.m or MDB = 41.5 N.m J M total (c) Have and 1.8 N m W 0 ? d2 or 0.960 - 0.280 0 0 0.2 N. m - 0.1 818.18 - 545.45 18182 . 8.40 N m 0 11 . m = (818.18 N) i – (545.45 N) j + (181.82 N) k = (0.960) F1 or M1 0.4 m \ MDB = 0.4 m 0.4 m 21 N (b) Have b0.9 mg i - b0.6 mg j + b0.2 mg k b1000 N g 0.9 m 0.3 m d1 0.125 m rA/D = – (0.1 m) j + (0.2 m) k 0.35 m ? M1 d1F1 0.700 m W M1 M 2 8.40 N m 1.05 m sin D 12 N ? sin D 0.52381 D 31.588q or D 31.6q W PROBLEM 3.83 PROBLEM 3.85 A dirigible is tethered by a cable attached to its cabin at B. If the tension in the cable is 1100 N, replace the force exerted by the cable at B with an equivalent system formed by two parallel forces applied at A and C. A force and a couple are applied to a beam. (a) Replace this system with a single force F applied at point G, and determine the distance d. (b) Solve part a assuming that the directions of the two 600-N forces are reversed. 6 m 3.6 m SOLUTION (a) SOLUTION Require the equivalent forces acting at A and C be parallel and at an angle of D with the vertical. Then for equivalence, 1100 N ÂFx: (1100 N) sin 30° = FA sin a + FB sin a (1) ÂFy : – (1100 N) cos 30° = – FA cos a – FB cos a (2) Dividing Equation (1) by Equation (2), Have b1100 Ng sin 30∞ = b F + F g sin a - b F + F g cos a - b1100 Ng cos 30∞ A A 6m 6Fy : FC FD FE Have B F 800 N 600 N 600 N F 800 N 6M G : FC d 1.5 m FD 2 m 800 N d B 1.5 m 600 N 2 m Simplifying yieldsa = 30° d 1200 1200 800 Based on d 3m 3.6 m ÂMC: b1100 Ng cos 30∞ b3.6 mg F or F 800 N W or d 3.00 m W or F 800 N W 0 0 (b) = (FA cos 30°) (9.6 m) \ FA = 412.5 N or FA = 412.5 N 60° J Based on ÂMA: b Changing directions of the two 600 N forces only changes sign of the couple. g – 1100 N cos 30∞ (6 m) = (FC cos 30°) (9.6 m) ? F and \ FC = 687.5 N or FC = 687.5 N 60° J 800 N 6M G : FC d 1.5 m FD 2 m 800 N d d 0 1.5 m 600 N 2 m 1200 1200 800 0 or d 0 W PROBLEM 3.93 y 900 N 1.2 m To keep a door closed, a wooden stick is wedged between the floor and the doorknob. The stick exerts at B a 200 N force directed along line AB. Replace that force with an equivalent force-couple system at C. 800 mm 60 mm 900 N 450 N 1350 N 1200 Nm 1560 Nm 900 N 270 N 1800 N 450 N 1800 Nm 1600 Nm 675 N 270 N.m 2700 Nm 600 Nm 2000 N 675 N 3050 Nm 450 N 200 Nm 1800 N 200 Nm 675 Nm 450 N PROBLEM 3.98 A 1.2 m-long beam is subjected to a variety of loadings. (a) Replace each loading with an equivalent force-couple system at end A of the beam. (b) Which of the loadings are equivalent? 200 Nm 1800 mm SOLUTION  Fy: (a) Have (a) – 900 N – 450 N = Ra or R a = 1350 N 950 mm A O and 600 mm  M A: J 1200 N.m – (450 N) (1.2 m) = Ma or M a = 660 N.m J x 110 mm z 1.2 m  Fy: (b) Have – 1350 N = Rb or Rb = 1350 N J SOLUTION  MA: – 600 N.m = Mb and Have 0.8 m or M b = 600 N.m J ÂF: PAB = FC 0.06 m  Fy: (c) Have or R c = 1325 N PAB = lABPAB 1.8 m = b0.05 mg i + b0.95 mg j - b0.6 mg k 1125 . m and or M c = 650 N.m (200 N)  Fy: Have or R d = 900 N J and 0.6 m  MA: (1800 N) (1.2 m) – 1560 N.m = Md ÂMC: rB/C ¥ PAB = MC i MC = 0.74 j k 0 N. m - 0.85 8.89 168.89 106.67 = mb- 0.85gb- 106.67g i - b0.74gb- 106.67g j + [(0.74) (168.89) – (–0.85) (8.89)] k}N.m or MC = (90.7 N.m) i + (78.9 N.m) j + (132.5 N.m) k J J – 900 N + 1800 N = Rd or FC = (8.89 N) i + (168.89 N) j – (106.67 N) k J 0.95 m J  MA: – 3050 N.m – (2000 N) (1.2 m) = Mc (d) Have 0.11 m 675 N – 2000 N = Rc where (e) Have and  Fy:  MA : or M d = 600 N.m J or R e = 1350 N J – 900 N – 450 N = Re 135 N.m + 270 N.m – (450 N) (1.2 m) = Me or M e = 135 N.m J PROBLEM 3.98 CONTINUED  Fy: (f ) Have 2.6 kN – 1800 N + 450 N = Rf  M A: z 30 mm 30 mm 4020mm mm 20 mm 40 mm 200 N.m + 200 N.m + (450 N) (1.2 m) = Mf or M f = 540 N.m J  Fy: (g) Have or M g = 810 N.m J  Fy:  MA: 6F (a) Have R ª¬ 2.6 j 5.25 j 10.5 cos 45qi sin 45q j 3.2i º¼ kN ?R J 1600 N.m – 200 N.m – (675 N) (1.2 m) = Mh or M h = 590 N.m (b) SOLUTION R 675 N – 675 N = Rh or R h = 1350 N and As four holes are punched simultaneously in a piece of aluminum sheet metal, the punches exert on the piece the forces shown. Knowing that the forces are perpendicular to the surfaces of the piece, determine (a) the resultant of the applied forces when D 45q and the point of intersection of the line of action of that resultant with a line drawn through points A and B, (b) the value of D so that the line of action of the resultant passes through fold EF. Position the origin for the coordinate system along the centerline of the sheet metal at the intersection with line EF.  M A: 270 N.m + 2700 N.m – (1800 N) (1.2 m) = Mg (h) Have 20 mm E – 450 N – 1800 N = Rg or R g = –2250 N J and 5.25 kN 60 mm or R f = 1350 N J and PROBLEM 3.108 y R 10.6246 kN i 15.2746 kN j 10.6246 2 15.2746 2 Rx2 Ry2 J 18.6064 kN Therefore, none of the loadings are equivalent. J T § Ry · tan 1 ¨ ¸ © Rx ¹ § 15.2746 · tan 1 ¨ ¸ © 10.6246 ¹ or R M EF Have 55.179q 18.61 kN 55.2q W 6M EF where MEF 2.6 kN 90 mm 5.25 kN 40 mm 10.5 kN 20 mm 3.2 kN ª¬ 40 mm sin 45q 40 mm º¼ ? MEF 15.4903 N m To obtain distance d left of EF, M EF Have ?d dRy 15.4903 N m 15.2746 u 103 N d 15.2746 kN 1.01412 u 103 m or d 1.014 mm left of EF W PROBLEM 3.119 PROBLEM 3.108 CONTINUED M EF (b) Have M EF 0 A portion of the flue for a furnace is attached to the ceiling at A. While supporting the free end of the flue at F, a worker pushes in at E and pulls out at F to align end E with the furnace. Knowing that the 45 N force at F lies in a plane parallel to the yz plane, determine (a) the angle D the force at F should form with the horizontal if duct AB is not to tend to rotate about the vertical, (b) the force-couple system at B equivalent to the given force system when this condition is satisfied. 250 mm 0 850 mm 2.6 kN 90 mm 5.25 kN 40 mm 10.5 kN 20 mm z 3.2 kN ª¬ 40 mm sin D 40 mm º¼ 325 mm 45 N a 900 mm 450 mm ? 128 N m sin D sin D D C F D 700 mm 225 mm E 22.5 N 106 N m 0.828125 SOLUTION 55.907q (a) Duct AB will not have a tendency to rotate about the vertical or y-axis if: or D 55.9q W R M By j 6M RB j rF /B u FF rE/B u FE 0 where rF/B = (1.125 m) i – (0.575 m) j + (0.7 m) k rE/B = (1.35 m) i – (0.85 m) j + (0.7 m) k b g b g FF = 45 N sin a j + cos a k FE = – (22.5 N) k i j k i j k \ ÂM RB = (45 N) 1125 . m 0.575 m 0.7 m + (22.5 N) 1.35 m 0.85 m 0.7 m 0 sin a cos a 0 0 -1 = Thus, . cos a - 315 . sin a + 19.125g i - b- 50.625 cos a - 30.375g j + b50.625 sin a g k N. m b- 25875 R M By = – 50.625 cos a + 30.375 = 0 cos a = 0.60 a = 53.130° or a = 53.1° J PROBLEM 3.119 CONTINUED PROBLEM 3.126 (b) R = FE + FF The forces shown are the resultant downward loads on sections of the flat roof of a building because of accumulated snow. If the snow represented by the 580-kN force is shoveled so that the this load acts at E, determine a and b knowing that the point of application of the resultant of the four loads is then at B. where FE = – (22.5 N) k FF = (45 N) (sin 53.130° j + cos 53.130° k) = (36 N) j + (27 N) k \ R = (36 N) j + ( 27 N) k J b g b g b g SOLUTION b g . N 0.6 + 315 . N 0.8 - 19.125 N i - 50.625 N 0.6 - 30.375 j + 50.625 0.8 k and M = ÂM BR = - 25875 = – (21.6 N.m) i – (0) j + (40.5 N.m) k or M = – (21.6 N.m) i + (40.5 N.m) k J Have 6F : FB FC FD FE R 2350 kN j 330 kN j 140 kN j 580 kN j ? R Have R 3400 kN j 6M x : FB z B FC zC FD z D FE z E R zB 2350 kN 16 m 330 kN 6 m 140 kN 33.5 m 580 kN b 3400 kN 16 m ? b Have or b 17.4655 m 6M z : FB xB FC xC FD xD FE xE 17.47 m W R xB 2350 kN 32 m 330 kN 54 m 140 kN 32 m 580 kN a 3400 kN 32 m ? a 19.4828 m or a 19.48 m W
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