0
Low
German
Middle
German
1
2a
„Upper“
German
meaning-form pairs:
meaning
form
ADV_LOC
meaning
form
ADV_PM
2b
Figure 1 Directional adverbs in the German language area: 0: no distinction of perspective; 1:
ADV_PM+ADV_LOC; 2a: ADV_LOC (no distinction of perspective); 2b:
ADV_LOC+ADV_PM
Scale: Height
tr
lm
Schema 1
time
UP implemented by OHG [ûf], SHG [rauf] , SG [ufe]
Scale: Closeness
GROUND:
ORIGO
lm
tr
time
Schema 2
TOWARDS-ORIGO implemented by OHG [hara], SHG [her]
Scale: Closeness
GROUND:
ORIGO
lm
tr
time
Schema 3
AWAY-FROM-ORIGO implemented by OHG [hina], SHG [hin]
lm
tr
Scale: Height
Scale: Closeness
GROUND:
ORIGO
time
Schema 4
AWAY-FROM-ORIGO-UP implemented by [hinauf]
lm
tr
Scale: Height
Scale: Closeness
GROUND:
ORIGO
time
Schema 5
Motion verb modified by AWAY-FROM-ORIGO-UP
lm1
tr
lm2
Scale: Height
Scale: Closeness
GROUND:
ORIGO
time
Schema 6
time
Motion verb subsequently modified by AWAY-FROM-ORIGO & UP
The Diachronic Circle
I
II
III
IV
A
meaning-form pairs:
necromorph
hara ûf
herauf
rauf
rauf
(vs. nauf)
I
II
ûf hara
aufher
III
IV
meaning
form
ADV_LOC
meaning
form
ADV_PM
B
necromorph
aufe
(vs. aufi)
aufe
Figure 2 Diachronic Form-Meaning Interrelation. I: co-occurrence, collocation; II:
lexicalization, transparency form-meaning; III: form-attrition: form synchronically
opaque; IV semantic-attrition: loss of meaning