From Open Education 1.0 to
3.0
The evolution of online higher ed
Technology, Innovation & Education
刘俊杰
What do you think of
!  
when talking about online education?
Online Higher Ed
• 
Web 1.0: content, content, content. Broadcast.
• 
OE 1.0: MIT OpenCourseWare
• 
Web 2.0: online community, user generated content, remix
• 
OE 2.X: Coursera, edX, Venture Lab (MOOC)
• 
Web 3.0: track user behaviour, customised solution
• 
OE 3.0: Carnegie Mellon University, Open Learning Initiative
OE 1.0:
MIT OpenCourseWare
!  
2000. MIT: provide free course contents to the world
!  
2002. Start publishing
!  
2007. 1800 courses in 33 disciplines
!  
2010. 100 million visits.
What？
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Subject matter content: lecture notes, reading lists, full-text readings,
and video/audio lectures.
• 
Planning materials: syllabus, calendar.
• 
Learning activities: problem sets, essay assignments.
• 
HOWEVER, CourseWare is not Course !!!
Who?
http://ocw.mit.edu/about
Effect???
OE2.x MOOC
!  
MOOC: Massive Open Online Courses
!  
Coursera
!  
edX
!  
Venture Lab
Coursera
Coursera
edX
edX
!  
24 courses
!  
5 Universities + UT University System
!  
Most in STEM
!  
HarvardX + MITx + BekeleyX + ..... = edX
Venture Lab
Venture Lab
!  
5 courses
!  
collaborative projects
What?
lectures videos
learning materials
exercise materials
simulated software interface
sharing space: wiki
interaction platforms: forum
evaluation channels: quiz, exam, projects
Who?
!  
>100 countries
!  
middle school to graduate school
!  
different levels of English proficiency, IT skills
!  
Teacher / student ratio: 1:10,000-100,000
Interaction
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Discussion forum (Instructor--student, TA--student, student--student)
• 
Virtual Office Hour (Instructor--student, TA--student)
• 
Group Discussion (student--student)
• 
Social Media Group such as Facebook (student--student)
• 
Offline Meet-up (Instructor--student, student--student)
Time Pressure
!  
Weekly lecture, quizzes, homework,
projects..
Evaluation and Grading
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Embedded quizzes with automatic grading and explanation
• 
After-lecture quizzes
• 
Problem sets
• 
Individual project
• 
Group project
• 
Mid-term and final tests
• Machine
• Peer
grading
grading
Certificate
Financial Model
!  
Selling certificate
!  
Recommending students to employers
!  
Monetize the big data
OE 3.0 Carnegie Mellon
Open Learning Initiative
!  
a learning experience highly similar to
offline learning
What?
!  
Track & analyze user performance
!  
Adjust the contents based on prediction
!  
Customize the solution
!  
Send feedback to course-builders for
iteration
Who?
!  
Self learners
!  
Academic users
Comparison
!  
Content
!  
OE1.0: all-encompassing, not effective
!  
OE2.x: specially made for online learning
!  
OE3.0: scientifically supported iteration
Interaction
!  
OE1.0: none...
!  
OE2.x: instructor--student--TA
!  
OE3.0: student--machine--course-builder
Evaluation
!  
OE1.0: nope...
!  
OE2.x: machine grading & peer grading
!  
OE3.0: machine grading
Concerns and Challenges
• 
Low completion rate
• 
Inflexibility of machine grading & unreliability of peer grading
• 
Student motivation/responsibility
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Lack of effective interaction
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Cheating and plagiarism
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Whether/What Certificate/Degree to award
• 
Recognition and interpretation of a certificate/degree by the society
Concerns and Challenges
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Little inter-connection among courses
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Few progressive courses
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Financial return of the service provider
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Threaten to low-quality institution
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Difficulty of implementing team-based learning, project-based learning
• 
Difficulty in disciplines that lack standardized answers such as humanity and
social science
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Difficulty in blending online course with offline course in a campus setting
• 
Difficulty in blending different MOOC models (Mechanical MOOC,
xMOOC)
• 
Difficulty in translating the whole learning experience of MOOC into other
languages
Reference
!  
Baraniuk, R. (2008). Challenges and Opportunities for the Open Education Movement: A Connexions Case Study.
In T. Liyoshi & M.S.V. Kumar (Eds.), Opening Up Education (241-243). Cambrdige, MA.:The MIT Press
• 
Course Explorer (n.d.). Retrieved Dec 15, 2002, from https://www.coursera.org/ courses
• 
Fall 2012 Courses (n.d.). Retrieved Dec 15, 2002, from http://venture-lab.org/ Find Courses (n.d.). Retrieved Dec
15, 2002, from https://www.edx.org/courses Lerman, S. Miyagawa, S. & Hargulies, A. (2008). OpenCourseWare:
Building a
• 
Culture of Sharing. In T. Liyoshi & M.S.V. Kumar (Eds.), Opening Up
• 
Education (215). Cambrdige, MA.:The MIT Press
Learn More about OLI(n.d.). Retrieved Dec 15, 2002, from http://oli.cmu.edu/get-to-
• 
know-oli/learn-more-about-oli/
Our History (n.d.). Retrieved Dec 15, 2002, from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/our-
• 
history/
Site Statistics (n.d.). Retrieved Dec 15, 2002, from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/
• 
site-statistics /
Walsh, T. (2011). Digital Pedagogy: Carnegie Mellon's Initiative. In (Ed.),
• 
Unlocking the Gates (108). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Thoughts?