DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF INORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES
The data in this table are presented as values of pKa, defined as the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant Ka for the reaction
BH 1 B– + H+
Thus pKa = –log Ka , and the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] can be calculated from
[H ] [B ]
+
Ka =
–
[BH]
In the case of bases, the entry in the table is for the conjugate acid; e.g., ammonium ion for ammonia. The OH– concentration in the system
NH3 + H2O 1 NH4+ + OH–
can be calculated from the equation
[OH ] [NH ]
–
K b = K water / K a =
[NH 3 ]
4
+
where Kwater = 1.01 × 10–14 at 25 °C. Note that pKa + pKb = pKwater.
All values refer to dilute aqueous solutions at zero ionic strength at the temperature indicated. The table is arranged alphabetically by compound
name.
REFERENCE
1. Perrin, D. D., Ionization Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution, Second Edition, Pergamon, Oxford, 1982.
Name
Formula
Aluminum(III) ion
Ammonia
Arsenic acid
Al+3
NH3
H3AsO4
Arsenious acid
Barium(II) ion
Boric acid
H2AsO3
Ba+2
H3BO3
Calcium(II) ion
Carbonic acid
Ca+2
H2CO3
Chlorous acid
Chromic acid
HClO2
H2CrO4
Cyanic acid
Germanic acid
HCNO
H2GeO3
Hydrazine
Hydrazoic acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen selenide
N2H4
HN3
HCN
HF
H2O2
H2Se
Hydrogen sulfide
H2S
Hydrogen telluride
H2Te
Hydroxylamine
Hypobromous acid
NH2OH
HBrO
Step
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
TeamLRN
t/°C
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
25
25
25
pKa
5.0
9.25
2.26
6.76
11.29
9.29
13.4
9.27
>14
12.6
6.35
10.33
1.94
0.74
6.49
3.46
9.01
12.3
8.1
4.6
9.21
3.20
11.62
3.89
11.0
7.05
19
2.6
11
5.94
8.55
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF INORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Name
Formula
Hypochlorous acid
Hypoiodous acid
Iodic acid
Lithium ion
Magnesium(II) ion
Nitrous acid
Perchloric acid
Periodic acid
Phosphoric acid
HClO
HIO
HIO3
Li+
Mg+2
HNO2
HClO4
HIO4
H3PO4
Phosphorous acid
H3PO3
Pyrophosphoric acid
H4P2O7
Selenic acid
Selenious acid
H2SeO4
H2SeO3
Silicic acid
H4SiO4
Sodium ion
Strontium(II) ion
Sulfamic acid
Sulfuric acid
Sulfurous acid
Na+
Sr+2
NH2SO3H
H2SO4
H2SO3
Telluric acid
H2TeO4
Tellurous acid
H2TeO3
Tetrafluoroboric acid
Thiocyanic acid
Water
HBF4
HSCN
H2O
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
Step
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
4
2
1
2
1
2
3
4
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
t/°C
pKa
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
25
25
25
25
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
30
30
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
18
25
25
25
25
25
7.40
10.5
0.78
13.8
11.4
3.25
-1.6
1.64
2.16
7.21
12.32
1.3
6.70
0.91
2.10
6.70
9.32
1.7
2.62
8.32
9.9
11.8
12
12
14.8
13.2
1.05
1.99
1.85
7.2
7.68
11.0
6.27
8.43
0.5
-1.8
13.995
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES
This table lists the dissociation (ionization) constants of over 1070 organic acids, bases, and amphoteric compounds. All data apply to dilute aqueous
solutions and are presented as values of pKa, which is defined as the negative of the logarithm of the equilibrium constant Ka for the reaction
HA 1 H+ + Ai.e.,
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
where [H+], etc. represent the concentrations of the respective species in mol/L. It follows that pKa = pH + log[HA] - log[A-], so that a solution with
50% dissociation has pH equal to the pKa of the acid.
Data for bases are presented as pKa values for the conjugate acid, i.e., for the reaction
BH+ 1 H+ + B
In older literature, an ionization constant Kb was used for the reaction B + H2O 1 BH+ + OH- . This is related to Ka by
pKa + pKb = pKwater = 14.00 (at 25°C)
Compounds are listed by molecular formula in Hill order.
REFERENCES
1. Perrin, D.D., Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution, Butterworths, London, 1965; Supplement, 1972.
2. Serjeant, E.P., and Dempsey, B., Ionization Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution, Pergamon, Oxford, 1979.
3. Albert, A., “Ionization Constants of Heterocyclic Substances”, in Katritzky, A.R., Ed., Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Academic
Press, New York, 1963.
4. Sober, H.A., Ed., CRC Handbook of Biochemistry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1968.
5. Perrin, D.D., Dempsey, B., and Serjeant, E.P., pKa Prediction for Organic Acids and Bases, Chapman and Hall, London, 1981.
6. Albert, A., and Serjeant, E. P., The Determination of Ionization Constants, Third Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1984.
7. Budavari, S., Editor, The Merck Index, Twelth Edition, Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 1996.
Mol. Form.
Name
CHNO
CH2N2
CH2O
CH2O2
CH3NO2
CH3NS2
CH4N2O
CH4N2S
CH4O
CH4S
CH5N
CH5NO
CH5N3
C2HCl3O
C2HCl3O2
C2HF3O2
C2H2Cl2O2
C2H2O3
C2H2O4
Cyanic acid
Cyanamide
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Nitromethane
Carbamodithioic acid
Urea
Thiourea
Methanol
Methanethiol
Methylamine
O-Methylhydroxylamine
Guanidine
Trichloroacetaldehyde
Trichloroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic acid
Dichloroacetic acid
Glyoxylic acid
Oxalic acid
C2H3BrO2
C2H3ClO2
C2H3Cl3O
C2H3FO2
C2H3F3O
C2H3IO2
C2H3NO4
C2H3N3
C2H3N3
Bromoacetic acid
Chloroacetic acid
2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
Fluoroacetic acid
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
Iodoacetic acid
Nitroacetic acid
1H-1,2,3-Triazole
1H-1,2,4-Triazole
Step
1
2
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
25
29
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
3.7
1.1
13.27
3.75
10.21
2.95
0.10
-1
15.5
10.33
10.66
12.5
13.6
10.04
0.66
0.52
1.35
3.18
1.25
3.81
2.90
2.87
12.24
2.59
12.37
3.18
1.48
1.17
2.27
C2H4N2
C2H4O
C2H4OS
C2H4O2
C2H4O2S
C2H4O3
C2H5N
C2H5NO
C2H5NO2
C2H5NO2
C2H5NO2
Aminoacetonitrile
Acetaldehyde
Thioacetic acid
Acetic acid
Thioglycolic acid
Glycolic acid
Ethyleneimine
Acetamide
Acetohydroxamic acid
Nitroethane
Glycine
C2H6N2
C2H6O
C2H6OS
C2H6O2
C2H7AsO2
Ethanimidamide
Ethanol
2-Mercaptoethanol
Ethyleneglycol
Dimethylarsinic acid
C2H7N
C2H7N
C2H7NO
C2H7NO3S
C2H7NS
Ethylamine
Dimethylamine
Ethanolamine
2-Aminoethanesulfonic
acid
Cysteamine
C2H7N5
Biguanide
C2H8N2
1,2-Ethanediamine
25
25
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
20
20
TeamLRN
Name
Step
t/°C
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
pKa
5.34
13.57
3.33
4.756
3.68
3.83
8.04
15.1
8.70
8.46
2.35
9.78
12.1
15.5
9.72
15.1
1.57
6.27
10.65
10.73
9.50
1.5
9.06
8.27
10.53
11.52
2.93
9.92
6.86
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
C2H8O7P2
C3H2O2
C3H3NO
C3H3NO
C3H3NO2
C3H3NS
C3H3N3O3
Name
1-Hydroxy-1,1diphosphonoethane
2-Propynoic acid
Oxazole
Isoxazole
Cyanoacetic acid
Thiazole
Cyanuric acid
C3H4N2
C3H4N2
C3H4N2S
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H4O3
C3H4O4
1H-Pyrazole
Imidazole
2-Thiazolamine
Propargyl alcohol
Acrylic acid
Pyruvic acid
Malonic acid
C3H4O5
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H6O2S
C3H6O3
C3H6O3
C3H6O4
C3H7N
C3H7N
C3H7NO
C3H7NO2
Hydroxypropanedioic
acid
3-Bromopropanoic acid
2-Chloropropanoic acid
3-Chloropropanoic acid
3-Aminopropanenitrile
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6triamine
Allyl alcohol
Propanoic acid
(Methylthio)acetic acid
Lactic acid
3-Hydroxypropanoic acid
Glyceric acid
Allylamine
Azetidine
2-Propanone oxime
L-Alanine
C3H7NO2
β-Alanine
C3H7NO2
Sarcosine
C3H7NO2S
L-Cysteine
C3H5BrO2
C3H5ClO2
C3H5ClO2
C3H6N2
C3H6N6
C3H7NO3
L-Serine
C3H7NO5S
DL-Cysteic acid
C3H7N3O2
C3H8O2
Glycocyamine
Ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether
Glycerol
Propylamine
Isopropylamine
Trimethylamine
C3H8O3
C3H9N
C3H9N
C3H9N
Step
t/°C
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
25
20
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
9.40
4.65
9.82
6.61
10.55
8.88
9.69
7.93
9.59
7.95
3.26
0.65
1.23
2.24
9.45
4.01
6.64
0.35
2.62
1.92
6.23
3.02
4.38
2.55
4.37
13.03
-3.8
9.62
3.45
5.71
4.60
12.16
7.6
C3H9NO
C3H9NO
C3H10N2
2-Methoxyethylamine
Trimethylamine oxide
1,2-Propanediamine, (±)
C3H10N2
1,3-Propanediamine
C3H10N2O
1,3-Diamino-2-propanol
C3H11N3
1,2,3-Triaminopropane
C4H4FN3O
C4H4N2
C4H4N2
C4H4N2
C4H4N2O2
C4H4N2O3
C4H4N2O5
C4H4N4O2
C4H4O2
C4H4O4
Flucytosine
Pyrazine
Pyrimidine
Pyridazine
Uracil
Barbituric acid
Alloxanic acid
5-Nitropyrimidinamine
2-Butynoic acid
Maleic acid
C4H4O4
Fumaric acid
25
25
25
20
25
C4H4O5
Oxaloacetic acid
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
15.5
4.87
3.66
3.86
4.51
3.52
9.49
11.29
12.42
2.34
9.87
3.55
10.24
2.21
10.1
1.5
8.7
10.2
2.19
9.21
1.3
1.9
8.70
2.82
14.8
C4H5N
C4H5NO2
C4H5N3
C4H5N3
C4H5N3O
Pyrrole
Succinimide
2-Pyrimidinamine
4-Pyrimidinamine
Cytosine
C4H5N3O2
25
25
25
25
14.15
10.54
10.63
9.80
6-Methyl-1,2,4-triazine3,5(2H,4H)-dione
1-Methylimidazol
Allantoin
Acetazolamide
trans-Crotonic acid
3-Butenoic acid
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
2-Oxobutanoic acid
Acetoacetic acid
Succinic acid
1
2
Methylmalonic acid
1
2
Malic acid
1
2
DL-Tartaric acid
1
2
meso-Tartaric acid
1
2
L-Tartaric acid
1
2
Dihydroxytartaric acid
2-Chlorobutanoic acid
3-Chlorobutanoic acid
4-Chlorobutanoic acid
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
pKa
1.35
2.87
7.03
11.3
1.84
0.8
-2.0
2.47
2.52
6.88
11.40
13.5
2.49
6.99
5.36
13.6
4.25
2.39
2.85
5.70
2.42
4.54
4.00
2.83
3.98
7.80
5.00
25
33
25
25
25
1
2
1
2
t/°C
Mol. Form.
1
2
3
4
25
25
20
25
25
25
25
25
C4H6N2
C4H6N4O3
C4H6N4O3S2
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O3
C4H6O3
C4H6O4
C4H6O4
C4H6O5
C4H6O6
C4H6O6
C4H6O6
C4H6O8
C4H7ClO2
C4H7ClO2
C4H7ClO2
Name
Step
pKa
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
20
20
20
25
25
25
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
1
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
6.95
8.96
7.2
4.69
4.34
4.83
2.50
3.6
4.21
5.64
3.07
5.76
3.40
5.11
3.03
4.37
3.17
4.91
2.98
4.34
1.92
2.86
4.05
4.52
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
Name
C4H7NO2
C4H7NO3
C4H7NO4
4-Cyanobutanoic acid
N-Acetylglycine
Iminodiacetic acid
C4H7NO4
L-Aspartic acid
Step
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
C4H7N3O
Creatinine
C4H7N5
C4H8N2O3
2,4,6-Pyrimidinetriamine
L-Asparagine
C4H8N2O3
N-Glycylglycine
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O3
C4H8O3
C4H8O3
C4H9N
C4H9NO
C4H9NO2
Butanoic acid
2-Methylpropanoic acid
3-Hydroxybutanoic acid, (±)
4-Hydroxybutanoic acid
Ethoxyacetic acid
Pyrrolidine
Morpholine
2-Methylalanine
1
2
N,N-Dimethylglycine
DL-2-Aminobutanoic acid 1
2
4-Aminobutanoic acid
1
2
DL-Homocysteine
1
2
3
L-Threonine
1
2
L-Homoserine
1
2
Creatine
1
2
Piperazine
1
2
2,4-Diaminobutanoic acid 1
2
3
1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
Butylamine
sec-Butylamine
tert-Butylamine
Diethylamine
Tris(hydroxymethyl)
methylamine
1,4-Butanediamine
1
2
3-Bromopyridine
2-Chloropyridine
3-Chloropyridine
4-Chloropyridine
2-Fluoropyridine
4-Nitropyridine
1H-Purine
1
2
C4H9NO2
C4H9NO2
C4H9NO2
C4H9NO2S
C4H9NO3
C4H9NO3
C4H9N3O2
C4H10N2
C4H10N2O2
C4H10O4
C4H11N
C4H11N
C4H11N
C4H11N
C4H11NO3
C4H12N2
C5H4BrN
C5H4ClN
C5H4ClN
C5H4ClN
C5H4FN
C5H4N2O2
C5H4N4
1
2
1
2
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
25
25
C5H4N4O
C5H4N4O
C5H4N4O3
C5H4N4S
25
25
25
25
20
2.42
3.67
2.98
9.89
1.99
3.90
9.90
4.8
9.2
6.84
2.1
8.80
3.14
8.17
4.83
4.84
4.70
4.72
3.65
11.31
8.50
2.36
10.21
9.89
2.29
9.83
4.031
10.556
2.22
8.87
10.86
2.09
9.10
2.71
9.62
2.63
14.3
9.73
5.33
1.85
8.24
10.44
13.9
10.60
10.56
10.68
10.84
8.3
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
10.80
9.63
2.84
0.49
2.81
3.83
-0.44
1.61
2.30
8.96
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
25
25
20
25
25
18
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
C5H4O2S
C5H4O2S
C5H4O3
C5H4O3
C5H5N
C5H5NO
C5H5NO
C5H5NO
C5H5NO
C5H5NO
C5H5NO2
C5H5NO2
C5H5N3O
C5H5N5
C5H5N5O
C5H6N2
C5H6N2
C5H6N2
C5H6N2
C5H6N2O2
C5H6O4
C5H6O4
C5H6O4
C5H6O5
C5H7NO3
C5H7NO3
C5H7N3
C5H7N3
C5H7N3O4
C5H8N2
C5H8N4O3S2
C5H8O2
C5H8O4
C5H8O4
C5H8O4
C5H9NO2
C5H9NO3
C5H9NO3
TeamLRN
Name
Step
Hypoxanthine
Allopurinol
Uric acid
1,7-Dihydro-6H1
purine-6-thione
2
2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid
3-Thiophenecarboxylic acid
2-Furancarboxylic acid
3-Furancarboxylic acid
Pyridine
2-Pyridinol
1
2
3-Pyridinol
1
2
4-Pyridinol
1
2
2(1H)-Pyridinone
1
2
Pyridine-1-oxide
1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic
acid
1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxylic
acid
Pyrazinecarboxamide
Adenine
1
2
Guanine
2-Pyridinamine
3-Pyridinamine
4-Pyridinamine
2-Methylpyrazine
Thymine
1,1-Cyclopropanedi1
carboxylic acid
2
trans-1-Propene-1,21
dicarboxylic acid
2
1-Propene-2,31
dicarboxylic acid
2
2-Oxoglutaric acid
1
2
5,5-Dimethyl-2,4oxazolidinedione
L-Pyroglutamic acid
2,5-Pyridinediamine
Methylaminopyrazine
Azaserine
2,4-Dimethylimidazole
Methazolamide
trans-3-Pentenoic acid
Dimethylmalonic acid
Glutaric acid
1
2
Methylsuccinic acid
1
2
L-Proline
1
2
5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic 1
acid
2
trans-4-Hydroxyproline
1
t/°C
pKa
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
24
20
8.7
10.2
3.89
7.77
11.17
3.49
4.1
3.16
3.9
5.23
0.75
11.65
4.79
8.75
3.20
11.12
0.75
11.65
0.79
4.45
20
5.00
40
20
25
25
27
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
37
0.5
4.3
9.83
9.92
6.82
6.04
9.11
1.45
9.94
1.82
7.43
3.09
4.75
3.85
5.45
2.47
4.68
6.13
12
25
20
25
25
25
25
18
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
3.32
6.48
3.39
8.55
8.36
7.30
4.51
3.15
4.32
5.42
4.13
5.64
1.95
10.64
4.05
8.90
1.82
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
Name
Step
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
2
1
2
3
1
2
25
25
25
9.66
2.13
4.31
9.67
6.04
9.75
3.15
2.17
9.13
2.98
8.38
4.83
4.80
4.77
5.03
12.61
12.22
12.14
11.123
10.46
7.38
2.29
9.74
2.36
9.72
2.32
9.81
2.35
10.19
4.27
10.77
1.83
2.13
9.27
2
1.71
8.69
10.76
10.63
10.59
10.60
10.85
10.15
10.35
13.9
10.05
10.93
3.6
C6H5ClO
C6H5ClO
C6H5ClO
C6H5Cl2N
C6H5FO
C6H5FO
C6H5FO
C6H5IO
C6H5IO
C6H5IO
C6H5NO
C6H5NO
C6H5NO2
C6H5NO2
C5H9NO4
L-Glutamic acid
C5H9N3
Histamine
C5H10N2O3
C5H10N2O3
Glycylalanine
L-Glutamine
C5H10N2O4
Glycylserine
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O4
C5H10O5
C5H10O5
C5H11N
C5H11N
C5H11NO
C5H11NO2
Pentanoic acid
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methylbutanoic acid
2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid
D-2-Deoxyribose
L-Ribose
D-Xylose
Piperidine
N-Methylpyrrolidine
4-Methylmorpholine
L-Valine
1
2
DL-Norvaline
1
2
L-Norvaline
1
2
N-Propylglycine
1
2
5-Aminopentanoic acid
1
2
Betaine
L-Methionine
1
2
Tetramethylurea
L-Ornithine
1
2
3
Pentylamine
3-Pentanamine
3-Methyl-1-butanamine
2-Methyl-2-butanamine
2,2-Dimethylpropylamine
Diethylmethylamine
Choline
1,5-Pentanediamine
1
2
4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro2-pyridinecarboxlic acid
2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
2,3-Dichlorophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,5-Dinitrophenol
Pteridine
2-Bromophenol
3-Bromophenol
4-Bromophenol
3,5-Dibromoaniline
C5H11NO2
C5H11NO2
C5H11NO2
C5H11NO2
C5H11NO2
C5H11NO2S
C5H12N2O
C5H12N2O2
C5H13N
C5H13N
C5H13N
C5H13N
C5H13N
C5H13N
C5H14NO
C5H14N2
C6H3Cl3N2O2
C6H3N3O7
C6H4Cl2O
C6H4N2O5
C6H4N2O5
C6H4N4
C6H5BrO
C6H5BrO
C6H5BrO
C6H5Br2N
1
2
1
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
25
25
20
25
25
18
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
0
25
25
25
25
25
25
17
25
19
25
25
25
25
25
C6H5NO2
C6H5NO2
C6H5NO3
C6H5NO3
C6H5NO3
C6H5N3
C6H5N5O
C6H5N5O2
C6H6BrN
C6H6BrN
C6H6BrN
C6H6ClN
C6H6ClN
C6H6ClN
C6H6FN
C6H6FN
C6H6FN
C6H6IN
C6H6IN
C6H6IN
C6H6N2O
C6H6N2O
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6O
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
24
25
25
15
20
25
25
25
25
0.42
7.44
4.07
5.15
4.05
8.45
9.03
9.37
2.34
C6H6O2
C6H6O2S
C6H6O3S
C6H6O4
C6H6O4S
Name
Step
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenol
2,4-Dichloroaniline
2-Fluorophenol
3-Fluorophenol
4-Fluorophenol
2-Iodophenol
3-Iodophenol
4-Iodophenol
2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
Nitrobenzene
2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1
2
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1
2
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1
2
2-Nitrophenol
3-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
1H-Benzotriazole
2-Amino-41
hydroxypteridine
2
Xanthopterin
2
3
2-Bromoaniline
3-Bromoaniline
4-Bromoaniline
2-Chloroaniline
3-Chloroaniline
4-Chloroaniline
2-Fluoroaniline
3-Fluoroaniline
4-Fluoroaniline
2-Iodoaniline
3-Iodoaniline
4-Iodoaniline
3-Pyridinecarboxamide
2-Pyridinecarbox1
aldehyde oxime
2
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline
Phenol
p-Hydroquinone
1
2
Pyrocatechol
1
2
Resorcinol
1
2
Benzenesulfinic acid
Benzenesulfonic acid
5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one
3-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid
t/°C
pKa
25
25
25
22
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
0
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
25
8.56
9.12
9.41
2.05
8.73
9.29
9.89
8.51
9.03
9.33
12.68
12.05
3.98
0.99
5.39
2.00
4.82
1.77
4.84
7.23
8.36
7.15
1.6
2.27
7.96
6.59
9.31
2.53
3.53
3.89
2.66
3.52
3.98
3.20
3.59
4.65
2.54
3.58
3.81
3.3
3.59
10.18
-0.25
2.46
1.02
9.99
9.85
11.4
9.34
12.6
9.32
11.1
1.3
0.70
7.9
25
9.07
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
C6H6O4S
Name
C6H6S
C6H7BO2
C6H7N
C6H7N
C6H7N
C6H7N
C6H7NO
4-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid
cis-1-Propene-1,2,3tricarboxylic acid
trans-1-Propene-1,2,3tricarboxylic acid
Benzenethiol
Benzeneboronic acid
Aniline
2-Methylpyridine
3-Methylpyridine
4-Methylpyridine
2-Aminophenol
C6H7NO
3-Aminophenol
C6H7NO
4-Aminophenol
C6H7NO
C6H7NO
C6H7NO
C6H7NO3S
C6H8N2
C6H8N2
2-Methoxypyridine
3-Methoxypyridine
4-Methoxypyridine
2-Aminobenzenesulfonic
acid
3-Aminobenzenesulfonic
acid
4-Aminobenzenesulfonic
acid
N-Methylpyridinamine
o-Phenylenediamine
C6H8N2
m-Phenylenediamine
C6H8N2
p-Phenylenediamine
C6H8N2
C6H8O2
C6H8O2
C6H8O4
Phenylhydrazine
2,4-Hexadienoic acid
1,3-Cyclohexanedione
2,2-Dimethyl-1,3dioxane-4,6-dione
L-Ascorbic acid
C6H6O6
C6H6O6
C6H7NO3S
C6H7NO3S
C6H8O6
C6H8O7
C6H8O7
C6H9NO6
C6H9NO6
C6H9N3
C6H9N3O2
Step
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Citric acid
1
2
3
Isocitric acid
1
2
3
Nitrilotriacetic acid
1
2
3
L-γ-Carboxyglutamic acid 1
2
3
4
4,6-Dimethylpyrimidinamine
L-Histidine
1
2
3
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
25
9.11
C6H10O2
25
1.95
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
25
25
20
25
25
25
2.80
4.46
6.62
8.83
4.87
6.00
5.70
5.99
4.78
9.97
4.37
9.82
5.48
10.30
3.28
4.78
6.58
2.46
C6H10O3
C6H10O4
C6H10O4
25
3.74
25
3.23
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
15
25
25
9.65
4.57
0.80
5.11
2.50
6.31
2.97
8.79
4.76
5.26
5.1
25
16
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
20
4.04
11.7
3.13
4.76
6.40
3.29
4.71
6.40
3.03
3.07
10.70
1.7
3.2
4.75
9.9
4.82
25
25
25
1.80
6.04
9.33
C6H11NO2
C6H11NO3
C6H11NO4
C6H11N3O4
C6H11N3O4
C6H12N2
C6H12N2O4S2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H13N
C6H13N
C6H13N
C6H13NO
C6H13NO2
C6H13NO2
C6H13NO2
C6H13NO2
C6H13NO4
C6H13N3O3
C6H14N2
C6H14N2
C6H14N2
C6H14N2O2
C6H14N4O2
C6H14O6
C6H15N
C6H15N
C6H15N
TeamLRN
Name
Cyclopentanecarboxylic
acid
Ethyl acetoacetate
3-Methylglutaric acid
Adipic acid
2-Piperidinecarboxylic
acid
Adipamic acid
2-Aminoadipic acid
Step
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
N-(N-Glycylglycyl)glycine 1
2
Glycylasparagine
1
2
Triethylenediamine
1
2
L-Cystine
1
2
3
4
Hexanoic acid
4-Methylpentanoic acid
β-D-Fructose
α-D-Glucose
D-Mannose
Cyclohexylamine
1-Methylpiperidine
1,2-Dimethylpyrrolidine
N-Ethylmorpholine
L-Leucine
1
2
L-Isoleucine
1
2
L-Norleucine
1
2
6-Aminohexanoic acid
1
2
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxy2
ethyl)glycine
Citrulline
1
2
cis-1,2-Cyclohexane1
diamine
2
trans-1,2-Cyclohexane1
diamine
2
cis-2,5-Dimethyl1
piperazine
2
L-Lysine
1
2
3
L-Arginine
1
2
3
D-Mannitol
Hexylamine
Diisopropylamine
Triethylamine
t/°C
pKa
25
4.99
25
25
18
18
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
25
18
25
25
25
25
25
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
10.68
4.24
4.41
5.41
2.28
10.72
4.63
2.14
4.21
9.77
3.225
8.09
2.942
8.44
3.0
8.7
1
2.1
8.02
8.71
4.85
4.84
12.27
12.46
12.08
10.64
10.38
10.20
7.67
2.33
9.74
2.32
9.76
2.34
9.83
4.37
10.80
8.35
25
25
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
25
25
25
2.43
9.69
9.93
6.13
9.94
6.47
9.66
5.20
2.16
9.06
10.54
1.82
8.99
12.5
13.5
10.56
11.05
10.75
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
C6H15NO3
C6H16N2
C6H16N2
Name
Triethanolamine
1,6-Hexanediamine
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl1,2-ethanediamine
C6H19NSi2
Hexamethyldisilazane
Pentafluorobenzoic acid
C7HF5O2
C7H3Br2NO
3,5-Dibromo-4hydroxybenzonitrile
C7H3N3O8
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
C7H4Cl3NO3 Triclopyr
C7H4N2O6
2,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid
2-Bromobenzoic acid
C7H5BrO2
C7H5BrO2
3-Bromobenzoic acid
C7H5BrO2
4-Bromobenzoic acid
2-Chlorobenzoic acid
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
3-Chlorobenzoic acid
C7H5ClO2
4-Chlorobenzoic acid
2-Fluorobenzoic acid
C7H5FO2
C7H5FO2
3-Fluorobenzoic acid
C7H5FO2
4-Fluorobenzoic acid
C7H5F3O
2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenol
C7H5F3O
3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenol
C7H5IO2
2-Iodobenzoic acid
C7H5IO2
3-Iodobenzoic acid
C7H5IO2
4-Iodobenzoic acid
C7H5NO
2-Hydroxybenzonitrile
C7H5NO
3-Hydroxybenzonitrile
C7H5NO
4-Hydroxybenzonitrile
C7H5NO3S
Saccharin
C7H5NO4
2-Nitrobenzoic acid
C7H5NO4
3-Nitrobenzoic acid
C7H5NO4
4-Nitrobenzoic acid
C7H5NO4
2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic
acid
C7H5NO4
2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic
acid
C7H5NO4
2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic
acid
C7H5NO4
3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic
acid
C7H6ClN3O4S2 Chlorothiazide
C7H6F3N
C7H6F3N
C7H6N2
C7H6N2
C7H6N2
C7H6N2
C7H6O
C7H6O2
C7H6O2
C7H6O2
C7H6O2
C7H6O3
C7H6O3
C7H6O3
Step
t/°C
pKa
1
2
1
2
25
0
0
25
25
7.76
11.86
10.76
10.40
8.26
7.55
1.75
4.06
25
25
1
2
1
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
25
25
25
25
25
25
0.65
2.68
1.43
2.85
3.81
3.96
2.90
3.84
4.00
3.27
3.86
4.15
8.95
8.68
2.86
3.87
4.00
6.86
8.61
7.97
11.68
2.17
3.46
3.43
2.43
4.78
2.15
1
2
1
25
25
25
2.16
4.76
2.80
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
25
19
25
6.85
9.45
3.49
2.45
5.53
0.77
2.75
1.74
14.90
4.204
8.37
8.98
7.61
2.98
13.6
4.08
9.92
4.57
1
2
3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline
4-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline
1H-Benzimidazole
2-Aminobenzonitrile
3-Aminobenzonitrile
4-Aminobenzonitrile
Benzaldehyde
Benzoic acid
Salicylaldehyde
3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
1
2
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
1
2
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
1
Mol. Form.
Name
Step
2
2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 1
2
3
C7H6O4
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 1
C7H6O4
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 1
2
3
C7H6O4
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 1
2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic
C7H6O5
acid
C7H6O5
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic
acid
C7H7NO
Benzamide
C7H7NO2
Aniline-2-carboxylic acid 1
2
C7H7NO2
Aniline-3-carboxylic acid 1
2
C7H7NO2
Aniline-4-carboxylic acid 1
2
C7H7NO3
4-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
1
C7H8ClN3O4S2 Hydrochlorothiazide
2
C7H8N4O2
Theobromine
C7H8N4O2
Theophylline
1
C7H8O
o-Cresol
C7H8O
m-Cresol
C7H8O
p-Cresol
C7H8OS
4-(Methylthio)phenol
C7H8O2
2-Methoxyphenol
C7H8O2
3-Methoxyphenol
C7H8O2
4-Methoxyphenol
C7H8S
Benzenemethanethiol
C7H9N
Benzylamine
C7H9N
2-Methylaniline
C7H9N
3-Methylaniline
C7H9N
4-Methylaniline
C7H9N
N-Methylaniline
C7H9N
2-Ethylpyridine
C7H9N
2,3-Dimethylpyridine
C7H9N
2,4-Dimethylpyridine
C7H9N
2,5-Dimethylpyridine
C7H9N
2,6-Dimethylpyridine
C7H9N
3,4-Dimethylpyridine
3,5-Dimethylpyridine
C7H9N
C7H9NO
2-Methoxyaniline
C7H9NO
3-Methoxyaniline
C7H9NO
4-Methoxyaniline
C7H9NS
2-(Methylthio)aniline
C7H9NS
4-(Methylthio)aniline
C7H9N5
2-Dimethylaminopurine
1
2
C7H11N3O2
L-1-Methylhistidine
1
2
3
C7H11N3O2
L-3-Methylhistidine
1
2
3
C7H6O4
t/°C
pKa
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
9.46
3.11
8.55
14.0
2.97
4.48
8.83
12.6
4.04
1.68
25
4.41
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
˜13
2.17
4.85
3.07
4.79
2.50
4.87
3.25
18
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
7.9
9.2
7.89
8.77
10.29
10.09
10.26
9.53
9.98
9.65
10.21
9.43
9.34
4.45
4.71
5.08
4.85
5.89
6.57
6.99
6.40
6.65
6.46
6.15
4.53
4.20
5.36
3.45
4.35
4.00
10.24
1.69
6.48
8.85
1.92
6.56
8.73
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
C7H12O2
C7H12O4
Name
Step
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
Heptanedioic acid
1
2
C7H12O4
Butylpropanedioic acid
1
C7H13NO4
α-Ethylglutamic acid
1
2
C7H14O2
Heptanoic acid
C7H14O6
α-Methylglucoside
C7H15N
1-Ethylpiperidine
1,2-Dimethylpiperidine,(±)
C7H15N
C7H15NO3
Carnitine
C7H17N
Heptylamine
2-Heptanamine
C7H17N
C8H5NO2
3-Cyanobenzoic acid
C8H5NO2
4-Cyanobenzoic acid
Cinnoline
C8H6N2
C8H6N2
Quinazoline
C8H6N2
Quinoxaline
Phthalazine
C8H6N2
C8H6N4O5
Nitrofurantoin
C8H6O3
3-Formylbenzoic acid
C8H6O3
4-Formylbenzoic acid
C8H6O4
Phthalic acid
1
2
C8H6O4
Isophthalic acid
1
2
Terephthalic acid
1
C8H6O4
2
C8H7ClO2
2-Chlorobenzeneacetic acid
C8H7ClO2
3-Chlorobenzeneacetic acid
C8H7ClO2
4-Chlorobenzeneacetic acid
C8H7ClO3
2-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid
C8H7ClO3
3-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid
C8H7NO4
2-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
C8H7NO4
3-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
C8H7NO4
4-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
C8H8F3N3O4S2 Hydroflumethiazide
1
2
C8H8N2
2-Methyl-1H-benzimidazole
C8H8O2
o-Toluic acid
C8H8O2
m-Toluic acid
C8H8O2
p-Toluic acid
C8H8O2
Benzeneacetic acid
C8H8O2
1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
C8H8O2
1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
C8H8O2
1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
C8H8O3
2-Methoxybenzoic acid
C8H8O3
3-Methoxybenzoic acid
C8H8O3
4-Methoxybenzoic acid
C8H8O3
Phenoxyacetic acid
C8H8O3
Mandelic acid
C8H8O4
2,5-Hydroxybenzeneacetic
acid
C8H9NO
Acetanilide
C8H9NO2
2-(Methylamino)benzoic
acid
C8H9NO2
3-(Methylamino)benzoic
acid
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
25
25
25
5
25
25
25
25
23
25
25
25
19
25
25
20
29
20
20
C8H9NO2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
4.91
4.71
5.58
2.96
3.846
7.838
4.89
13.71
10.45
10.22
3.80
10.67
10.7
3.60
3.55
2.37
3.43
0.56
3.47
7.2
3.84
3.77
2.943
5.432
3.70
4.60
3.54
4.34
4.07
4.14
4.19
3.05
3.10
4.00
3.97
3.85
8.9
9.7
6.19
3.91
4.25
4.37
4.31
10.06
9.19
8.05
4.08
4.10
4.50
3.17
3.37
4.40
25
25
0.5
5.34
25
5.10
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
C8H9NO2
C8H10BrN
C8H10ClN
C8H10ClN
C8H10N2O2
C8H11N
C8H11N
C8H11N
C8H11N
C8H11N
C8H11NO
C8H11NO
C8H11NO
C8H11NO
C8H11NO
C8H11NO2
C8H11NO3
C8H11N3O6
C8H11N5
C8H12N2O3
C8H12O2
C8H13NO2
C8H14O2S2
C8H14O4
C8H15NO
C8H15NO
C8H16N2O3
C8H16N2O3
C8H16N2O4S2
C8H16O2
C8H16O2
C8H17N
C8H17N
C8H17NO
C8H19N
C8H19N
C8H19N
C8H20N2
C9H6BrN
C9H7ClO2
TeamLRN
Name
4-(Methylamino)benzoic
acid
N-Phenylglycine
4-Bromo-N,Ndimethylaniline
3-Chloro-N,Ndimethylaniline
4-Chloro-N,Ndimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethyl-3nitroaniline
N-Ethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline
2,6-Dimethylaniline
Benzeneethanamine
2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine
2-Ethoxyaniline
3-Ethoxyaniline
4-Ethoxyaniline
4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol
Step
1
2
1
2
2-(2-Methoxyethyl)pyridine
Dopamine
1
2
Norepinephrine
1
2
6-Azauridine
Phenylbiguanide
1
2
Barbital
5,5-Dimethyl-1,3cyclohexanedione
Arecoline
Thioctic acid
Octanedioic acid
1
Tropine
Pseudotropine
N-Glycylleucine
N-Leucylglycine
1
2
Homocystine
1
2
3
4
Octanoic acid
2-Propylpentanoic acid
2-Propylpiperidine,(S)
2,2,4-Trimethylpiperidine
trans-6-Propyl-3piperidinol,(3S)
Octylamine
N-Methyl-2-heptanamine
Dibutylamine
1,8-Octanediamine
1
2
3-Bromoquinoline
trans-o-Chlorocinnamic
acid
t/°C
pKa
25
5.04
25
25
1.83
4.39
4.23
20
3.83
20
4.39
25
2.62
25
25
25
25
25
28
25
28
25
25
5.12
5.07
3.89
9.83
7.43
4.43
4.18
5.20
9.74
10.52
5.5
8.9
10.6
8.64
9.70
6.70
10.76
2.13
7.43
5.15
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
15
15
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
25
17
21
20
20
25
25
6.84
5.4
4.52
3.80
3.80
3.18
3.25
8.2
1.59
2.54
8.52
9.44
4.89
4.6
10.9
11.04
10.3
10.65
10.99
11.25
11.00
10.1
2.69
4.23
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
C9H7ClO2
Name
Step
C9H7N
C9H7N
C9H7NO
trans-m-Chlorocinnamic
acid
trans-p-Chlorocinnamic
acid
Quinoline
Isoquinoline
2-Quinolinol
C9H7NO
3-Quinolinol
C9H7NO
4-Quinolinol
C9H7NO
6-Quinolinol
C9H7NO
8-Quinolinol
C9H7NO
7-Isoquinolinol
C9H7NO3
C9H7NO3
C9H7NO3
C9H7N7O2S
C9H8N2
C9H8N2
C9H8N2
C9H8N2
C9H8N2
C9H8O2
C9H8O2
C9H8O2
2-Cyanophenoxyacetic acid
3-Cyanophenoxyacetic acid
4-Cyanophenoxyacetic acid
Azathioprine
2-Quinolinamine
3-Quinolinamine
4-Quinolinamine
1-Isoquinolinamine
3-Isoquinolinamine
cis-Cinnamic acid
trans-Cinnamic acid
α-Methylenebenezeneacetic acid
2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid
3,5-Dibromo-L-tyrosine
1
2
3
3-(2-Chlorophenyl)propanoic acid
3-(3-Chlorophenyl)propanoic acid
3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propanoic acid
L-3,5-Diiodotyrosine
1
2
3
N-Benzoylglycine
3-(2-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
3-(4-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
Carbendazim
Sulfathiazole
L-3-Iodotyrosine
1
2
3
2-Ethylbenzimidazole
3,5-Dimethylbenzoic acid
Benzenepropanoic acid
α-Methylbenzeneacetic acid
α-Hydroxy-α-methylbenezeneacetic acid
C9H7ClO2
C9H8O4
C9H9Br2NO3
C9H9ClO2
C9H9ClO2
C9H9ClO2
C9H9I2NO3
C9H9NO3
C9H9NO4
C9H9NO4
C9H9N3O2
C9H9N3O2S2
C9H10INO3
C9H10N2
C9H10O2
C9H10O2
C9H10O2
C9H10O3
t/°C
25
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
pKa
4.29
25
4.41
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
20
20
25
25
25
4.90
5.40
-0.31
11.76
4.28
8.08
2.23
11.28
5.15
8.90
4.91
9.81
5.68
8.90
2.98
3.03
2.93
8.2
7.34
4.91
9.17
7.62
5.05
3.88
4.44
4.35
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
3.48
2.17
6.45
7.60
4.58
25
4.59
25
4.61
25
25
25
25
25
2.12
5.32
9.48
3.62
4.50
25
4.47
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
4.48
7.2
2.2
8.7
9.1
6.18
4.32
4.66
4.64
3.47
Mol. Form.
Name
C9H11Cl2N3O4S2 Methylclothiazide
C9H11N
N-Allylaniline
C9H11N
1-Indanamine
4-(Dimethylamino)C9H11NO2
benzoic acid
C9H11NO2
Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
Step
25
22
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
C9H11NO3
L-Tyrosine
C9H11NO4
Levodopa
C9H12N2O2
C9H13N
C9H13NO3
Tyrosineamide
N-Isopropylaniline
Epinephrine
C9H13N2O9P
5'-Uridylic acid
C9H13N3O5
Cytidine
C9H14ClNO
C9H14N2O3
C9H14N3O8P
Phenylpropanolamine
hydrochloride
Metharbital
3'-Cytidylic acid
C9H14N4O3
Carnosine
C9H15NO3S
Captopril
C9H15N5O
C9H16O4
Minoxidil
Nonanedioic acid
C9H18O2
C9H19N
C9H19N
Nonanoic acid
N-Butylpiperidine
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine
Nonylamine
8-Quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-Naphthol
2-Naphthol
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Methylquinoline
4-Methylquinoline
5-Methylquinoline
5-Amino-1-naphthol
6-Methoxyquinoline
1H-Indole-3-acetic acid
o-Methylcinnamic acid
m-Methylcinnamic acid
p-Methylcinnamic acid
Tryptamine
5-Hydroxytryptamine
1
2
C9H21N
C10H7NO2
C10H8O
C10H8O
C10H9N
C10H9N
C10H9N
C10H9N
C10H9N
C10H9NO
C10H9NO
C10H9NO2
C10H10O2
C10H10O2
C10H10O2
C10H12N2
C10H12N2O
t/°C
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
25
25
25
23
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
25
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
pKa
9.4
4.17
9.21
6.03
11.49
2.5
2.20
9.31
2.20
9.11
10.1
2.32
8.72
9.96
11.79
7.33
5.77
8.66
9.95
6.4
9.5
4.22
12.5
9.44
8.45
0.8
4.28
6.0
2.73
6.87
9.73
3.7
9.8
4.61
4.53
5.33
4.96
10.47
11.07
10.64
1.82
9.39
9.63
3.92
4.16
5.83
5.67
5.20
3.97
5.03
4.75
4.50
4.44
4.56
10.2
9.8
11.1
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
C10H12N2O5
C10H12N4O3
C10H12O
Name
C10H13N5O4
Dinoseb
Dideoxyinosine
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2naphthalenol
Benzenebutanoic acid
Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Adenosine
C10H14N2
L-Nicotine
C10H14N5O7P
5'-Adenylic acid
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H15N
C10H15N
C10H15NO
C10H15NO
C10H17N3O6S
2-tert-Butylphenol
3-tert-Butylphenol
4-tert-Butylphenol
N-tert-Butylaniline
N,N-Diethylaniline
d-Ephedrine
l-Ephedrine
l-Glutathione
C10H18N4O5
L-Argininosuccinic acid
C10H12O2
C10H12O5
C10H18O4
Sebacic acid
C10H19N
C10H19N
C10H21N
C10H21N
Bornylamine
Neobornylamine
Butylcyclohexylamine
1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine
Decylamine
1H-Perimidine
1-Naphthalenecarboxylic
acid
2-Naphthalenecarboxylic
acid
Methyl-1-naphthylamine
Iopanoic acid
L-Tryptophan
C10H23N
C11H8N2
C11H8O2
C11H8O2
C11H11N
C11H12I3NO2
C11H12N2O2
C11H12N4O3S Sulfamethoxypyridazine
C11H13F3N2O3S Mefluidide
C11H13NO3
Hydrastinine
C11H13N3O3S Sulfisoxazole
C11H14N2O
Cytisine
C11H14O2
C11H14O2
C11H14O2
C11H16N2O2
2-tert-Butylbenzoic acid
3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid
4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid
Pilocarpine
C11H16N4O4
C11H17N
Pentostatin
N,N-Diethyl-2-methylaniline
Step
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
25
4.62
9.12
10.48
C11H17NO3
C11H17N3O8
C11H18ClNO3
C11H18N2O3
C11H25N
C11H26NO2PS
25
4.76
8.11
25
25
25
25
25
30
3.6
12.4
8.02
3.12
3.8
6.2
10.62
10.12
10.23
7.00
6.57
10.139
9.958
2.12
3.59
8.75
9.65
1.62
2.70
4.26
9.58
4.59
5.59
10.17
10.01
11.23
11.25
25
20
25
10.64
6.35
3.69
25
4.16
27
3.67
4.8
2.46
9.41
6.7
4.6
11.38
5
6.11
13.08
3.54
4.20
4.38
1.6
6.9
5.2
7.24
25
25
25
25
25
10
10
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
2
1
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
C12H6Cl4O2S
C12H8N2
C12H8N2
C12H10O
C12H10O
C12H10O
C12H11N
C12H11N
C12H11N
C12H11N
C12H11N
C12H11N3
C12H12N2
C12H12N2O3
C12H13I3N2O3
C12H13N
C12H13N
C12H14N4O2S
C12H14N4O3S
C12H17N3O4
C12H20N2O2
C12H21N5O2S2
C12H22O11
C12H22O11
C12H23N
C12H27N
C13H9N
C13H9N
C13H10N2
C13H10N2
C13H10O2
C13H10O3
C13H10O3
C13H10O3
C13H11N3
C13H12Cl2O4
C13H12N2O
C13H12N2O3S
C13H13N
C13H14N2O13
C13H15N3O3
TeamLRN
Name
Step
Isoproterenol
Tetrodotoxin
Methoxamine hydrochloride
Amobarbital
Undecylamine
Methylphosphonothioic acid
S[2-[bis(1-isopropyl)amino]ethyl],O-ethylester
Bithionol
1
2
1,10-Phenanthroline
Phenazine
2-Hydroxybiphenyl
3-Hydroxybiphenyl
4-Hydroxybiphenyl
Diphenylamine
2-Aminobiphenyl
3-Aminobiphenyl
4-Aminobiphenyl
2-Benzylpyridine
4-Aminoazobenzene
p-Benzidine
1
2
Phenobarbital
1
2
Iocetamic acid
N,N-Dimethyl-1naphthylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-2naphthylamine
Sulfamethazine
1
2
Sulfacytine
Agaritine
1
2
Aspergillic acid
Nizatidine
1
2
Sucrose
α-Maltose
Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecylamine
Acridine
Phenanthridine
9-Acridinamine
2-Phenylbenzimidazole
1
2
2-Phenylbenzoic acid
2-Phenoxybenzoic acid
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
4-Phenoxybenzoic acid
3,6-Acridinediamine
Ethacrynic acid
Harmine
Sulfabenzamide
4-Benzylaniline
Harmaline
Imazapyr
1
2
t/°C
25
25
25
25
20
25
25
25
25
25
18
18
25
25
20
20
25
25
25
21
25
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
25
25
pKa
8.64
8.76
9.2
8.0
10.63
7.9
4.82
10.50
4.84
1.20
10.01
9.64
9.55
0.79
3.83
4.25
4.35
5.13
2.82
4.65
3.43
7.3
11.8
4
4.83
4.566
7.4
2.65
6.9
3.4
8.86
5.5
2.1
6.8
12.7
12.05
10.4
10.63
5.58
5.58
9.99
5.23
11.91
3.46
3.53
3.95
4.57
9.65
3.50
7.70
4.57
2.17
4.2
1.9
3.6
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
Name
Step
Ketamine
4-[(Dipropylamino)sulfonyl]benzoic acid
C13H21N
2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine
C13H29N
(Tridecyl)amine
C14H12F3NO4S2 Perfluidone
α-Phenylbenzeneacetic acid
C14H12O2
C14H12O3
α-Hydroxy-α-phenylbenezeneacetic acid
C14H18N4O3
Trimethoprim
C14H19NO2
Methylphenidate
C14H21N3O3S Tolazamide
Atenolol
C14H22N2O3
C14H31N
Tetradecylamine
C15H10ClN3O3 Clonazepam
1
2
C15H11I4NO4 L-Thyroxine
1
2
3
Fenoprofen
C15H14O3
C15H15NO2
Mefenamic acid
C15H15N3O2
Methyl Red
1
2
C15H17ClN4
NeutralRed
C15H19NO2
Tropacocaine
C15H19N3O3
Imazethapyr
1
2
C15H21N3O2
Physostigmine
1
2
C15H26N2
Sparteine
1
2
Pentadecylamine
C15H33N
C16H13ClN2O Valium
C16H14ClN3O Chlorodiazepoxide
C16H16N2O2
Lysergic acid
1
2
C16H17N3O4S Cephalexin
1
2
C16H19N3O4S Cephradine
1
2
C16H22N2
Lycodine
1
2
C16H35N
Hexadecylamine
C17H17NO2
Apomorphine
1
2
C17H19NO3
Piperine
C17H19NO3
Morphine
1
2
C17H20N4O6
Riboflavin
1
2
C17H20O6
Mycophenolic acid
C17H23NO3
Hyoscyamine
C17H27NO4
Nadolol
Clozapine
1
C18H19ClN4
2
C18H21NO3
Codeine
C18H21N3O
Dibenzepin
C18H32O2
Linoleic acid
t/°C
C13H16ClNO
C13H19NO4S
pKa
7.5
5.8
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
15
20
20
25
25
18
25
20
25
21
3.58
10.63
2.5
3.94
3.04
6.6
8.9
3.6
9.6
10.62
1.5
10.5
2.2
6.45
10.1
7.3
4.2
2.5
9.5
6.7
4.32
2.1
3.9
6.12
12.24
2.24
9.46
10.61
3.4
4.8
3.44
7.68
5.2
7.3
2.63
7.27
3.97
8.08
10.61
7.0
8.92
12.22
8.21
9.85
1.7
9.69
4.5
9.7
9.67
3.70
7.60
8.21
8.25
7.6
Mol. Form.
Name
C18H33ClN2O5S Clindamycin
C18H39N
Octadecylamine
C19H10Br4O5S Bromophenol Blue
Phenol Red
C19H14O5S
C19H16ClNO4 Indomethacin
C19H17N3O4S2 Cephaloridine
Phenylbutazone
C19H20N2O2
C19H21N
Protriptyline
C19H21NO3
Thebaine
Cinchonine
C19H22N2O
C19H22N2O
Cinchonidine
C19H22N2O2
C19H22O6
C19H23N3O2
C19H23N3O2
C20H14O4
C20H21NO4
C20H23N
C20H23N7O7
Cupreine
Gibberellic acid
Ergometrinine
Ergonovine
Phenolphthalein
Papaverine
Amitriptyline
Folinic acid
C20H24N2O2
Quinine
C20H24N2O2
Quinidine
C20H26N2O2
C21H14Br4O5S
C21H16Br2O5S
C21H18O5S
C21H21NO6
C21H22N2O2
C21H23ClFNO2
C21H31NO4
C21H35N3O7
Hydroquinine
Bromocresol Green
Bromocresol Purple
CresolRed
Hydrastine
Strychnine
Haloperidol
Furethidine
Lisinopril
C22H18O4
C22H22FN3O2
C22H23NO7
C22H25NO6
C22H25N3O
o-Cresolphthalein
Droperidol
Noscapine
Colchicine
Benzpiperylon
C22H33NO2
C23H26N2O4
Atisine
Brucine
C24H40O4
C24H40O5
C25H29I2NO3
C25H41NO9
C26H43NO6
C26H45NO7S
C27H28Br2O5S
C27H38N2O4
C29H32O13
C29H40N2O4
Deoxycholic acid
Cholic acid
Amiodarone
Aconine
Glycocholic acid
Taurocholic acid
Bromothymol Blue
Verapamil
Etoposide
Emetine
Step
t/°C
25
15
1
2
1
2
25
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
25
25
20
20
25
1
2
3
4
20
1
2
1
2
25
1
2
pKa
7.6
10.60
4.0
7.9
4.5
3.2
4.5
8.2
6.05
5.85
9.92
5.80
10.03
6.57
4.0
7.3
6.8
9.7
6.4
9.4
3.1
4.8
10.4
8.52
4.13
5.4
10.0
5.33
4.7
6.3
8.3
7.8
8.26
8.3
7.48
2.5
4.0
6.7
10.1
9.4
7.64
7.8
12.36
6.73
9.13
12.2
6.04
11.07
6.58
6.4
6.56
9.52
4.4
1.4
7.0
8.6
9.8
5.77
6.64
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form.
Name
C30H23BrO4
C30H48O3
C31H36N2O11
Bromadiolone
Oleanolic acid
Novobiocin
C32H32O13S
C33H40N2O9
C34H47NO11
Teniposide
Reserpine
Aconitine
Step
1
2
t/°C
pKa
Mol. Form.
21
4.04
2.52
4.3
9.1
10.13
6.6
5.88
C36H51NO11
C37H67NO13
C43H58N4O12
Veratridine
Erythromycin
Rifampin
C45H73NO15
C46H56N4O10
C46H58N4O9
Solanine
Vincristine
Vinblastine
TeamLRN
Name
Step
t/°C
1
2
15
1
2
pKa
9.54
8.8
1.7
7.9
6.66
5.4
5.4
7.4
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS
The solubility product constant Ksp is a useful parameter for calculating the aqueous solubility of sparingly soluble compounds under various
conditions. It may be determined by direct measurement or calculated from the standard Gibbs energies of formation ∆fG° of the species involved at
their standard states. Thus if Ksp = [M+]m [A–]n is the equilibrium constant for the reaction
MmAn(s) 1 mM+(aq) + nA– (aq),
where MmAn is the slightly soluble substance and M+ and A- are the ions produced in solution by the dissociation of MmAn, then the Gibbs energy change
is
∆G° = m ∆fG° (M+,aq) + n ∆fG° (A–,aq) -∆fG° (MmAn, s)
The solubility product constant is calculated from the equation
ln Ksp = -∆ G°/RT
The first table below gives selected values of Ksp at 25°C. Many of these have been calculated from standard state thermodynamic data in References
1 and 2; other values are taken from publications of the IUPAC Solubility Data Project (References 3 to 7).
The above formulation is not convenient for treating sulfides because the S-2 ion is usually not present in significant concentrations (see Reference
8). This is due to the hydrolysis reaction
S-2 + H2O 1 HS– + OH–
which is strongly shifted to the right except in very basic solutions. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant for this reaction, which depends on the second
ionization constant of H2S, is poorly known. Therefore it is more useful in the case of sulfides to define a different solubility product Kspa based on
the reaction
MmSn(s) + 2H+ 1 mM+ + nH2S (aq)
Values of Kspa , taken from Reference 8, are given for several sulfides in the auxiliary table following the main table. Additional discussion of sulfide
equilibria may be found in References 7 and 9.
REFERENCES
1. Wagman, D.D., Evans, W.H., Parker, V.B., Schumm, R.H., Halow, I., Bailey, S.M., Churney, K.L., and Nuttall, R L., The NBS Tables of
Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2, 1982.
2. Garvin, D., Parker, V.B., and White, H.J., CODATA Thermodynamic Tables, Hemisphere, New York, 1987.
3. Solubility Data Series (53 Volumes), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979—1992.
4. Clever, H.L., and Johnston, F.J., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 751, 1980.
5. Marcus, Y., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 1307, 1980.
6. Clever, H.L., Johnson, S.A., and Derrick, M.E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, 631, 1985.
7. Clever, H.L., Johnson, S.A., and Derrick, M.E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 21, 941, 1992.
8. Myers, R.J., J. Chem. Educ., 63, 687, 1986.
9. Licht, S., J. Electrochem. Soc.,135, 2971, 1988.
Compound
Aluminum phosphate
Barium bromate
Barium carbonate
Barium chromate
Barium fluoride
Barium hydroxide octahydrate
Barium iodate
Barium iodate monohydrate
Barium molybdate
Barium nitrate
Barium selenate
Barium sulfate
Barium sulfite
Beryllium hydroxide
Bismuth arsenate
Formula
AlPO4
Ba(BrO3)2
BaCO3
BaCrO4
BaF2
Ba(OH)2⋅8H2O
Ba(IO3)2
Ba(IO3)2⋅H2O
BaMoO4
Ba(NO3)2
BaSeO4
BaSO4
BaSO3
Be(OH)2
BiAsO4
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
TeamLRN
Ksp
9.84⋅10-21
2.43⋅10-4
2.58⋅10-9
1.17⋅10-10
1.84⋅10-7
2.55⋅10-4
4.01⋅10-9
1.67⋅10-9
3.54⋅10-8
4.64⋅10-3
3.40⋅10-8
1.08⋅10-10
5.0⋅10-10
6.92⋅10-22
4.43⋅10-10
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued)
Compound
Bismuth iodide
Cadmium arsenate
Cadmium carbonate
Cadmium fluoride
Cadmium hydroxide
Cadmium iodate
Cadmium oxalate trihydrate
Cadmium phosphate
Calcium carbonate (calcite)
Calcium fluoride
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium iodate
Calcium iodate hexahydrate
Calcium molybdate
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Calcium phosphate
Calcium sulfate
Calcium sulfate dihydrate
Calcium sulfite hemihydrate
Cesium perchlorate
Cesium periodate
Cobalt(II) arsenate
Cobalt(II) hydroxide (blue)
Cobalt(II) iodate dihydrate
Cobalt(II) phosphate
Copper(I) bromide
Copper(I) chloride
Copper(I) cyanide
Copper(I) iodide
Copper(I) thiocyanate
Copper(II) arsenate
Copper(II) iodate monohydrate
Copper(II) oxalate
Copper(II) phosphate
Europium(III) hydroxide
Gallium(III) hydroxide
Iron(II) carbonate
Iron(II) fluoride
Iron(II) hydroxide
Iron(III) hydroxide
Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate
Lanthanum iodate
Lead(II) bromide
Lead(II) carbonate
Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) fluoride
Lead(II) hydroxide
Lead(II) iodate
Lead(II) iodide
Lead(II) selenate
Lead(II) sulfate
Lithium carbonate
Lithium fluoride
Lithium phosphate
Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium carbonate trihydrate
Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate
Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium oxalate dihydrate
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
Formula
BiI3
Cd3(AsO4)2
CdCO3
CdF2
Cd(OH)2
Cd(IO3)2
CdC2O4⋅3H2O
Cd3(PO4)2
CaCO3
CaF2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(IO3)2
Ca(IO3)2⋅6H2O
CaMoO4
CaC2O4⋅H2O
Ca3(PO4)2
CaSO4
CaSO4⋅2H2O
CaSO3⋅0.5H2O
CsClO4
CsIO4
Co3(AsO4)2
Co(OH)2
Co(IO3)2⋅2H2O
Co3(PO4)2
CuBr
CuCl
CuCN
CuI
CuSCN
Cu3(AsO4)2
Cu(IO3)2⋅H2O
CuC2O4
Cu3(PO4)2
Eu(OH)3
Ga(OH)3
FeCO3
FeF2
Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
FePO4⋅2H2O
La(IO3)3
PbBr2
PbCO3
PbCl2
PbF2
Pb(OH)2
Pb(IO3)2
PbI2
PbSeO4
PbSO4
Li2CO3
LiF
Li3PO4
MgCO3
MgCO3⋅3H2O
MgCO3⋅5H2O
MgF2
Mg(OH)2
MgC2O4⋅2H2O
Ksp
7.71⋅10-19
2.2⋅10-33
1.0⋅10-12
6.44⋅10-3
7.2⋅10-15
2.5⋅10-8
1.42⋅10-8
2.53⋅10-33
3.36⋅10-9
3.45⋅10-11
5.02⋅10-6
6.47⋅10-6
7.10⋅10-7
1.46⋅10-8
2.32⋅10-9
2.07⋅10-33
4.93⋅10-5
3.14⋅10-5
3.1⋅10-7
3.95⋅10-3
5.16⋅10-6
6.80⋅10-29
5.92⋅10-15
1.21⋅10-2
2.05⋅10-35
6.27⋅10-9
1.72⋅10-7
3.47⋅10-20
1.27⋅10-12
1.77⋅10-13
7.95⋅10-36
6.94⋅10-8
4.43⋅10-10
1.40⋅10-37
9.38⋅10-27
7.28⋅10-36
3.13⋅10-11
2.36⋅10-6
4.87⋅10-17
2.79⋅10-39
9.91⋅10-16
7.50⋅10-12
6.60⋅10-6
7.40⋅10-14
1.70⋅10-5
3.3⋅10-8
1.43⋅10-20
3.69⋅10-13
9.8⋅10-9
1.37⋅10-7
2.53⋅10-8
8.15⋅10-4
1.84⋅10-3
2.37⋅10-11
6.82⋅10-6
2.38⋅10-6
3.79⋅10-6
5.16⋅10-11
5.61⋅10-12
4.83⋅10-6
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued)
Compound
Magnesium phosphate
Manganese(II) carbonate
Manganese(II) iodate
Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate
Mercury(I) bromide
Mercury(I) carbonate
Mercury(I) chloride
Mercury(I) fluoride
Mercury(I) iodide
Mercury(I) oxalate
Mercury(I) sulfate
Mercury(I) thiocyanate
Mercury(II) bromide
Mercury(II) iodide
Neodymium carbonate
Nickel(II) carbonate
Nickel(II) hydroxide
Nickel(II) iodate
Nickel(II) phosphate
Palladium(II) thiocyanate
Potassium hexachloroplatinate
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium periodate
Praseodymium hydroxide
Radium iodate
Radium sulfate
Rubidium perchlorate
Scandium fluoride
Scandium hydroxide
Silver(I) acetate
Silver(I) arsenate
Silver(I) bromate
Silver(I) bromide
Silver(I) carbonate
Silver(I) chloride
Silver(I) chromate
Silver(I) cyanide
Silver(I) iodate
Silver(I) iodide
Silver(I) oxalate
Silver(I) phosphate
Silver(I) sulfate
Silver(I) sulfite
Silver(I) thiocyanate
Strontium arsenate
Strontium carbonate
Strontium fluoride
Strontium iodate
Strontium iodate monohydrate
Strontium iodate hexahydrate
Strontium sulfate
Thallium(I) bromate
Thallium(I) bromide
Thallium(I) chloride
Thallium(I) chromate
Thallium(I) iodate
Thallium(I) iodide
Thallium(I) thiocyanate
Thallium(III) hydroxide
Tin(II) hydroxide
Formula
Ksp
Mg3(PO4)2
MnCO3
Mn(IO3)2
MnC2O4⋅2H2O
Hg2Br2
Hg2CO3
Hg2Cl2
Hg2F2
Hg2I2
Hg2C2O4
Hg2SO4
Hg2(SCN)2
HgBr2
HgI2
Nd2(CO3)3
NiCO3
Ni(OH)2
Ni(IO3)2
Ni3(PO4)2
Pd(SCN)2
K2PtCl6
KClO4
KIO4
Pr(OH)3
Ra(IO3)2
RaSO4
RbClO4
ScF3
Sc(OH)3
AgCH3COO
Ag3AsO4
AgBrO3
AgBr
Ag2CO3
AgCl
Ag2CrO4
AgCN
AgIO3
AgI
Ag2C2O4
Ag3PO4
Ag2SO4
Ag2SO3
AgSCN
Sr3(AsO4)2
SrCO3
SrF2
Sr(IO3)2
Sr(IO3)2⋅H2O
Sr(IO3)2⋅6H2O
SrSO4
TlBrO3
TlBr
TlCl
Tl2CrO4
TlIO3
TlI
TlSCN
Tl(OH)3
Sn(OH)2
1.04⋅10-24
2.24⋅10-11
4.37⋅10-7
1.70⋅10-7
6.40⋅10-23
3.6⋅10-17
1.43⋅10-18
3.10⋅10-6
5.2⋅10-29
1.75⋅10-13
6.5⋅10-7
3.2⋅10-20
6.2⋅10-20
2.9⋅10-29
1.08⋅10-33
1.42⋅10-7
5.48⋅10-16
4.71⋅10-5
4.74⋅10-32
4.39⋅10-23
7.48⋅10-6
1.05⋅10-2
3.71⋅10-4
3.39⋅10-24
1.16⋅10-9
3.66⋅10-11
3.00⋅10-3
5.81⋅10-24
2.22⋅10-31
1.94⋅10-3
1.03⋅10-22
5.38⋅10-5
5.35⋅10-13
8.46⋅10-12
1.77⋅10-10
1.12⋅10-12
5.97⋅10-17
3.17⋅10-8
8.52⋅10-17
5.40⋅10-12
8.89⋅10-17
1.20⋅10-5
1.50⋅10-14
1.03⋅10-12
4.29⋅10-19
5.60⋅10-10
4.33⋅10-9
1.14⋅10-7
3.77⋅10-7
4.55⋅10-7
3.44⋅10-7
1.10⋅10-4
3.71⋅10-6
1.86⋅10-4
8.67⋅10-13
3.12⋅10-6
5.54⋅10-8
1.57⋅10-4
1.68⋅10-44
5.45⋅10-27
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
TeamLRN
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued)
Compound
Formula
Ksp
Yttrium carbonate
Yttrium fluoride
Yttrium hydroxide
Yttrium iodate
Zinc arsenate
Zinc carbonate
Zinc carbonate monohydrate
Zinc fluoride
Zinc hydroxide
Zinc iodate dihydrate
Zinc oxalate dihydrate
Zinc selenide
Zinc selenite monohydrate
Y2(CO3)3
YF3
Y(OH)3
Y(IO3)3
Zn3(AsO4)2
ZnCO3
ZnCO3⋅H2O
ZnF2
Zn(OH)2
Zn(IO3)2⋅2H2O
ZnC2O4⋅2H2O
ZnSe
ZnSeO3⋅H2O
1.03⋅10-31
8.62⋅10-21
1.00⋅10-22
1.12⋅10-10
2.8⋅10-28
1.46⋅10-10
5.42⋅10-11
3.04⋅10-2
3⋅10-17
4.1⋅10-6
1.38⋅10-9
3.6⋅10-26
1.59⋅10-7
Sulfides
Compound
Cadmium sulfide
Copper(II) sulfide
Iron(II) sulfide
Lead(II) sulfide
Manganese(II) sulfide (green)
Mercury(II) sulfide (red)
Mercury(II) sulfide (black)
Silver(I) sulfide
Tin(II) sulfide
Zinc sulfide (sphalerite)
Zinc sulfide (wurtzite)
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
Formula
CdS
CuS
FeS
PbS
MnS
HgS
HgS
Ag2S
SnS
ZnS
ZnS
Kspa
8⋅10-7
6⋅10-16
6⋅102
3⋅10-7
3⋅107
4⋅10-33
2⋅10-32
6⋅10-30
1⋅10-5
2⋅10-4
3⋅10-2