ALBERT E. DIEN
HISTORY:
LECTURE OUTLINES, GLOSSARIES
AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Lecture 1: Outline
Lecture 1: Outline
I. Name of the Six Dynasties
1. Six Dynasties
2. rikucho (Japanese)
3. Wei Jin Nanbeichao
4. Liuchao
II. Approaches
A. Cyclical
B. DarkAges
C. Toynbee model
D. Scheidel comparative approach
III. Characteristics
A. Disunity vs. unity
B. Aristocratic society: meaning of term
1. non-hereditary
2. no descent from the gods
3. local level leadership/ gentry
C. Nature of imperial power
1. highest
2. greatest
3. total
4. unlimited
D. Temporal
E. Spatial
IV. History: The Wei state
A. Cao Cao and the late Han struggle
B. Cao Pi and the Wei state
C. Loss of control to the Sima clan
D. Shu-Han
E.Wu
V. History: The Western Jin
A. Nature of the state
B. Struggle with northern peoples
C. Internal dissension
VI. Cultural achievements
A. Neo-Daoism and xuanxue
B. The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
VII. Summary
Lecture One: Glossary
Lecture One: Glossary
Cao Cao
Cao Fang
Cao Mao
Cao Pi
Cao Rui
Cao Shuang
Chang'an
Chen
Chibi
DongZhuo
Donghai
Fei River
FuJian
Guan Yu
Han
He Yan
hutiao
Jiankang
Jin
jiupin
Liang
Liu Bei
Liu Song
liuchao
LuXun
Luo Guanzhong
Nanbeichao
Qi
Qiang
Qin
qingtan
Ruan Ji
Sanguo
Sanguo yanyi
Shi Le
Shu
Sima
Sima Shi
Sima Yan
Sima Yi
Sima Yue
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1
Lecture One: Glossary
Sirna Zhao
Sun Quan
Song
Tang
tuntian
Wang Bi
Wei Jin Nanbeichao
Wu
wu Hu luan Hua
Xi/Ji Kang
xian
Xu
xuanxue
Ye
Yingchuan
Yongjia
Yuan Shu
Zhao
zhongzheng
ZhugeLiang
Zhulin qixian
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2
Lecture One: Bibliography
Lecture One: Bibliography
Balazs, Etienne. "Political philosophy and social crisis at the end of Han." In Arthur F. Wright,
ed., Chinese civilization and bureaucracy: Variations on a theme by Etienne Balazs
(translated by H. M. Wright), 187-225. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964.
_ _."La crise sociale et la philosophie politique a la fin des Han." T'oung Pao 39
(1950): 83-131.
_ _. "Nihilistic revolt or mystical escapism: Currents of thought in China during the
third century A.D." In Arthur Wright, ed. Chinese civilization and bureaucracy:
Variations on a theme by Etienne Balazs, 226-54. New Haven: Yale University Press,
1964.
_ _."Entre revolte nihiliste et evasion mystique: les courants intellectuels en Chine
au Ille siecle de notre ere." Etudes Asiatique 2 (1948): 27-55.
Bielenstein. Hans. "The Six Dynasties, vol. 1." Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern
Antiquities 68 (1996): 5-324; vol. II," 69 (1997): 1-246.
Chaussende, Damien. Des Trois Royaumes aux Jin: Legitimation du pouvoir imperial en Chine
au Ille siecle. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2010.
_ _. Des Trois royaumes aux Jin: Legitimation du pouvoir imperial en Chine au III• siecle.
Paris: Les Belles-lettres, 2010.
Cutter, Robert Joe and William Gordon Crowell. Empresses and consorts: Selections from Chen
Shou '.S' Records of the Three States with Pei Songzhi '.S' commentary; Translated with
annotations and introduction. Honolulu: Hawai 'i University Press, 1999.
de Crespigny, Rafe. A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220
AD). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2007.
_ _. The biography of Sun Chien: Being an annotated translation ofpages 1 to 8a of chiian 46
of the San-kuo chih of Ch' en Shou in the Po-na edition. Canberra: Centre of Oriental
Studies, Australian National University, 1966.
_ _. To establish peace: Being the chronicle of Later Han/or the years 189-220 AD as
recorded in chapters 59-69 of the Zizhi tongjian of Sima Guang. Canberra: Faculty of
Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1996.
1
Lecture One: Bibliography
Gu Jiegang Jlm~lli!JU. Lun Ba-Shu yu zhongyuan de guanxi IDfeeJIHtii$J]Hl~fH1*· Chengdu:
Sichuan renrnin chubanshe, 1981.
He Ziquan fi:iJ~~. Sanguo shi -~..'St:. Beijing: Beijing shifan daxue chubanshe, 1994.
Henry, Eric. "Chu-ko Liang in the eyes of his contemporaries." Harvard Journal of Asian Studies
52.2 (1992): 589-612.
Holcombe, Charles. In the shadow of Han: Literati thought and society at the beginning of the
Southern Dynasties. Honolulu: Hawai'i University Press, 1994.
Holzman, Donald. "Les debuts du systerne medieval de choix et de classernent des
fonctionnaires: Les neuf categories et l'Irnpartial et Juste," Melanges publies par
l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises 1 (1957): 387-414.
_ _. Poetry and politics: The life and works of Juan Chi A.D. 210-263. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Killigrew, John. "Zhuge Liang and the northern campaign of 228-234." Early Medieval China 5
(1999): 55-91.
_ _. "The Reunification of China in AD 280: Jin's Conquest of Eastern Wu." Early Medieval
China 9 (2003): 1-34.
Leban, Carl. "Managing Heaven's mandate: Coded communication in the accession ofTs'ao
P'ei." In David Roy and T.H. Hsien, eds., Ancient China: studies in early civilization,
315-42. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1978.
_ _. "The accession of Sirna Yan, AD 265: Legitirnatiion by ritual replication." Early
Medieval China 16 (2010): 1-50.
Lewis, Mark Edward. China between empires: The Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Cambridge MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009.
Miyazaki lchisada
'§llf.U-rlJJE. Kyahin kanjin ho no kenkya: kakyo zenshi fLJti'§' .}.J;t0)1i}f~: fij.
?¥M..'i:. Kyoto: Dohosha, 1956.
3
Lecture One: Bibliography
Roberts, Moss. Three kingdoms: China's epic drama. New York: Pantheon Books, c1976.
Sage, Steven F. Ancient Sichuan and the unification of China. Albany: State University of New
York Press, 1992.
Scheidel, Walter. Rome and China: Comparative perspectives on ancient world empires. New
York: Oxford University Press, 2009; paperback edition 2010.
Swartz, Wendy, Robert Ford Campany, Yang Lu and Jessey J.C. Choo, eds. Early Medieval
China: A source book.New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
Tang Changru Jm:~:rfi. Wei Jin nanbeichao shilun cong fi~1¥i:ftJl!Jl'i:rnBitl. Beijing: Shenghuo,
dushu, xinzhi, sanlian shudian, 1955.
Tanigawa, Michio. Joshua A. Fogel, trans., Medieval Chinese society and the local
"community". Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
Wang Zhongluo £1$~. Wei Jin Nanbeichao shi fi~1¥i:lt¥Jl'Sl:. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin
chubanshe, 1980.
Yang Chong-I mq:i-. "Buqu yan'ge luekao" tfl3HHYi:l-:iJ~~. Shihuo 1.3 (1935): 97-107;
[summary translation as "Evolution of the status of dependents." In E-tu Zen Sun and
John DeFrancis, eds., Chinese social history: Translations of selected studies, 142-56.
Washington DC: American Council of Learned Societies, 1956.
Yang, Lien-sheng. "Notes on the economic history of the Chin Dynasty." Harvard Journal of
Asian Sudies 9.2 (1946): 107-85. Reprinted in idem, Studies in Chinese institutional
history, 119-97. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963.
Zhao Guohua Mi~·· "Sanguo shiqi de Wu Shu guanxi" _=:~!f,f~~IJIHH~t Wei Jin
Nanbeichao Sui Tang shi 1997.3: 5-10. First published in Huazhong shifan daxue xuebao
(zheshe ban) *$BfflfH*~~¥~(t§"t±#&) 1997.1: 113-19.
4
Lecture 2 Outline
Lecture 2 Outline
I. Geography
A. Topographical plateau
B.Mountains and plains
C. Rainfall patterns
D.North
1. Loess
2. Aridity
E. South
1. Monsoons
2. Multi-crops
F. Regions
1. North China Plain
2. Northwest
3. Chengdu Plain
4. Yangzi lowlands
5. Southeast uplands
6. Canton area
II. History
A. Pre-Han and Han period
B. Southern language and diet
C. Jiankang and Sima Rui
III. Eastern Jin
A. Imperial sacrifices and the hun: grave or temple
B. The question of legitimacy
C. Emigres and native populations
D. Attempts at restoration and struggle with the North
IV. Southern dynasties
A. Liu Song
1. Liu Yu
2. Northern Headquarters Army (beifubing)
B. Qi
C. Liang
1. Xiao Yan-- Liang Wudi
2. Hou Jing usurpation
3. Xiao Yi--Liang Yuandi
4. Fall of the Liang
D. Chen
1. Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian
2. End of the Chen
V. Examination 'system
Lecture Two: The South/Glossary
Lecture Two: The South/Glossary
Baopuzi
beifubing
Changjiang
Chen
Chen Baxian
Chu
duisuguan
Fei River
Gan Bao
Ge Hong
Guangwu
gui
guizu
HeXun
Hou Jing
Huanghe
hun
hunping
Jiankang
Jiangling
Jin
Kunlun
Liang
Lienuzhuan
Liu Bang
Liu Song
Liu Xiu
Liu Yu
Nanling
Nanshan
Pei
Qi
qiao
Qinling
QuYuan
Shishuo xinyu
Sima Pi
SimaRui
Sima Yue
Soushenji
Taihang
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1
Lecture Two: The South/Glossary
xw
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Wang Sengbian .:E {~
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Wu
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2
Lecture 2/Bibliography
Lecture 2/Bibliography
Bielenstein, Hans. "The Six Dynasties, vol. l." Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern
Antiquities 68 (1996): 5-324.
Chen Changqi ~*ffe:n.T. Liang Jin Nanchao zhengzhi shigao ~~i¥.it§iE~5il'5!:.~. Kaifeng: Henan
daxue chubanshe, 1992.
Chittick, Andrew. "Dynastic legitimacy during the Eastern Chin: Hsi Tso-ch'ih and the
problem of Huan Wen." Asia Major 3rd series 11.1 (1998): 21-52.
_ _."Vernacular languages in the medieval Jiankang empire." SiPP 250 (2014): 1-25.
_ _. Patronage and community in medieval China: The Xiangyang garrison, 400-600
CE. Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 2009.
Crowell, William G. "Northern emigres and the problems of census registration under the
Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties." In Albert E. Dien, ed., State and society in
Early Medieval China, 171-209. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
de Crespigny, Rafe. ''The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A history of China in the third century
AD." EAH2 (1991): 143-65.
Dien, Albert E., ed. State and society in early medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University
Press, 1990.
Goodman, Howard L. Ts' ao P 'i transcendent: The political culture of dynasty-founding in
China at the end of the Han. Seattle: Scripta Serica, 1998.
Graff, David A. Medieval Chinese warfare, 300-900. London: Routledge, 2002.
1
Lecture 2/Bibliography
Eichhorn, Werner. "Description of the rebellion of Sun En and earlier Taoist rebellions."
Mitteilungen des Instituts far Orientforschung, 2 (1954): 325-52.
Grafflin, Dennis. ''The great family in medieval south China." Harvard journal ofAsiatic studies
41.1 (1981): 65-74.
Holcombe, Charles. "The Last Lord of the South: Chen Houzhu (r. 583-589) and the
reunification of China." Early Medieval China 12 (2006): 91-121.
HuAxiang ti)]lfriJ:fF. "Dong Jin Nanchao de renkou nanqianji qi yingxiang *tfi¥i!jiJJAOF-ij~])t
Jt.~fl." In HuAnxiang et al., Wei Jin Nanbeichao shi shiwujiang fttff-ij~t!jiJJ!£.+.liilf,
112-27. Nanjing: Fenghuang chubanshe, 2010.
Janousch, Andreas. "The emperor as bodhisattva: The bodhisattva ordination and ritual
assemblies of Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty." In Joseph P. McDermott, ed., State and
court ritual in China, 112-49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Lai, Chi-tim. "Daoism and political rebellion during the Eastern Jin dynasty." In Frederick Hokming Cheung and Ming-chiu Lai, eds., Politics and religion in Ancient and Medieval
Europe and China, 77-100. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1999.
Leban, Carl. "The accession of Sima Yan, AD 265: Legitimation by ritual replication." Early
Medieval China 16 (2010): 1-50.
Lewis, Mark Edward. China between empires: The Northern and Southern dynasties.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Liu Shufen. "Jiankang and the commercial empire of the Southern Dynasties: Change and
continuity in medieval Chinese economic history." In Scott Pearce, Audrey Spiro, and
2
Lecture 2/Bibliography
Patricia Ebrey, eds. Culture and power in the reconstitution of the Chinese realm, 200-600.
Cambridge MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2001, 35-52.
Liu, Xinru. Ancient China and ancient India: Trade and religious exchanges, AD 1-600. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1995.
Mather, Richard B. trans. Shih-shuo hsin-ya: A new account of tales of the world. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1976.
Miyakawa Hisayuki
'§Jr I~;&. "An outline of the Naito hypothesis and its effects on Japanese
studies of China." The Fa Eastern Quarterly 14.4 (1955): 533-52.
_ _ _."Son On, Ro Jun no ran ni tsuite" f*',Igt·i{f}l:)0~U;:. --:::n ei-C. Toyoshi kenkya 30.2-3
(1971): 1-30.
Pearce, Scott, "Who, and what, was Hou Jing?" Early Medieval China 6 (2000): 49-73.
Qian Ruping ~& :lfZ. Xiao Yan yanjiu i.H3Hiff~. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe, 2011.
Qin Dongmei *~ffli. "Lon Dong Jin beifang shizu yu nanfang shehui de ronghe" ~J*1]f:f t:1J
±~¥/i,fj¥j:1J~±lta-3~i?I. Beijing shifan daxue xuebao (shehui kexue ban) 2003.5:
134-41.
Tan Qixiang filiJtll. "Jin Yongjia sangluan hou zhi minzu qianxi" -fi-71<.~~;LfttZ.ER;~ilf;{E.
Yanjing xuebao 15 (1934): 51-76.
Tang, Changru H!f*trm· "Clients and bound retainers in the Six Dynasties period." In Albert E.
Dien, ed., State and society in Early Medieval China, 111-38. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1990.
3
Lecture 2/Bibliography
_ _ _. "Shizu de xingcheng he shengjiang" ±~1¥Jff:;P.IGfDrr~~. In idem, Wei Jin
Nanbeichao shilun shiyi ft~J¥ijc!f!JJ9:rnfft~}I, 53-63. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1983.
Teng, Ssu-yti, trans. Family Instructions for the Yen Clan: Yen-shih chia-hsun. Leiden: E. J. Brill,
1968.
Tian Yuqing E8~!f. "Beifubing shimo"
JcJM~~*· In Beijing daxue Zhongguo zhonggushi
yanjiu zhongxin Jc;:?:}(~tp~tpc!J5f:~ff'9Etf:11L'. ed., Jinian Chen Yinke xiansheng
danchen bainian xueshu lunwenji ~c~~Jlf~'t-g.:)t;±Wf!Raif:~:ORnix~, 199-220.
Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 1989.
_ _ _. Dong Jin men/a zhengzhi *itF~lf~J&)§. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 1989.
Zhu Dawei **>~. "Liang-mo Chen-chu haoqiang qiushuai de xingqi" ~*~itJJ~'.7.§i·~~rnrfJ®~
J{e. In idem, Liuchao shilun
7\!f!Jj_9:~@,
193-215. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1998.
4
Lecture 3 Outline
Lecture 3 Outline
I. The Five "Barbarians" Wu Hu
A. The term--" exonym"
1. Xiongnu
2. Jie
3. Xianbei
4. Di
5. Qiang
B. Emergence and rise to power
II. Post-Han North
A. Local defenses--fortresses
B. Nomadic peoples
1. Population cleansing
2. Military camps
3. State rulers
a. Separate governments
b. Sinification
III. Warfare
A. Cavalry and stirrups
B.Armor
C. Heavy cavalry
IV. Fu Jian (Di) and the Later Qin
A. Beginnings and early career
B. Fei River battle
V. Northern Wei (Xianbei)
A. Tuoba confederation
B. Origins--Gaxiandong
C. North-South warfare (Pengcheng confrontation)
D. Organization of the state
E. Economic organization
Equal-field system
VI. Collapse of the Northern Wei
A. Six Garrisons
B. Move to Luoyang
C. Warlords and the Erzhu faction
D. Fall of the dynasty
Lecture 3/glossary
Lecture 3: Northern Wei /glossary
dang
,.
Daowu
m~
Di
E:;
ErzhuRong
1~1UK~
Fu Jian
tt~
Fu Sheng
tt~
Guandong
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:*$
guoren
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il)3
Huan Wen
tsm
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m
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juntian zhidu t$JE8$tl)jt
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li
1E
Zin
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Luoyang qielanji r~ ~B fhD Mit.
Meng Ford
:ti!ii:Y$
mu
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Pengcheng
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Pingcheng
:sir RX;
Qi
*
Qiang
m.
Ran Min
-!=400
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*~
Lecture 3/glossary
Ruanruan
M•
Shi Le
15'1
Shiliuguo chunqiu
+ /\ ~ ~f}<
Suishu
~45
tiema
f1c 7;J;
Tuoba
t.::fiibt
ft
Wei
"Wu Hu luan Hua" lii!Jj~L~
Xianbei
~.$
Xiaoming
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~)(Wf
Xiaowu
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Xiongnu {gj]5zJZ.
Yan
~
Yongjia
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7kr
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:R
Monalou ~JjB:lf! > Mo
Tufulu
rtf:f*J.i: >Lu
but others were more interesting:
Yidoujuan '.i'.4~ "(idugan" descended from Heaven> Ming 8fl
Chinu ottzJZ. > Lang 1~ < Mo. cinoa "wolf'
Sixteen States (Shiliuguo)
R!J.!ing_grouv.
Peoule
Domain
Result
Zhao
Former Zhao
Latter Zhao
Xiongnu
Xi on gnu
Shanxi ~he
Hebei Erff.
conq. by Latter Zhao
conq. by Former Qin
Gansu
Gansu
Gansu
W. Gansu-Gaochang
W. Gansu
conq. by Former Qin
313-376
ended by Jin
386-403
ended by W. Qin 399-404/ 408-414
ended by N. Wei
397-439
40115-421
ended by N. Liang
Liang
Former Liang
Latter Liang
Southern Liang
Northern Liang
Western Liang
Chinese
Turk or Mongol
Xianbei
Xiongnu
Chinese?
Yan (Murong)
Former Yan
Latter Yan
Western Yan
Southern Yan
Northern Yan
Xianbei
Xianbei
Xianbei
Xianbei
Chinese
Hebei/Henan
Hebei
Shanxi
Shandong
N. Hebei-S. Manchuria
Dates
304-329
319-352
ended by Former Qin
ended by N. Yan
absorbed by N. Wei
surrendered to Liu Song
absorbed by N. Wei
349-370
384-408
384-396
398-410
409-436
absorbed by W. Qin
conq. by Jin
conq. by Xia
351-394
384-417
385-390
409-431
Qin (Fu Jian 357-385)
Former Qin
Di
Latter Qin
Di
Western Qin
Di
Shaanxi
Shaanxi
·Gansu
Northern Wei
Xianbei
Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan collapsed
386-535
Xia
Xiongnu
Shaanxi, Ordos
407-431
(Helian Popo)
conq. by Tuyuhun
Lecture 3/ Bibliography/I
Sixteen States/ Bibliography
Cai Xuehai ~~)ij. "Xi Jin zhongzu bianluan xilun" g§~:fi~~~Lfff~. Guoli bianyiguan
guankan 15.2 (1986): 39-67.
Dien, Albert E. "The stirrup and its effect on Chinese military history." Ars Orientalia 16 (1986):
33-56.
_ _ _."A study of early Chinese armor." Artibus Asiae 43.1-2 (1981): 5-66.
Gao Min ~~t Wei Jin Nanbeichao bingzhi yanjiu ft~WJjcW:J~1MnJf5E. Zhengzhou: Daxiang
chubanshe, 1998.
Graff, David A. Medieval Chinese warfare, 300-900. London: Routledge, 2002.
Holcombe, Charles. "The Xianbei in Chinese history." Early Medieval China 19 (2013): 1-38.
Honey, David B. "Lineage as legitimation in the rise of Liu Yuan and Shih Le." Journal ofthe
American Ooriental Society 110.4 (1990): 616-21.
_ _ _. "Sinification as statecraft in conquest dynasties of China: two Early Medieval case
studies." Journal Asian History 30.2 (1996): 115-51.
Jin Fagen ~~f~. Yongjia luan hou beifang de haozu 7k~~L~jc:JJB"J~~. Taibei: Taiwan
shangwu yinshuguan, 1964.
Li Ping*?~. "Liu Yuan yu Shi Le" %IU5.liff~Ef}J. In idem. Beichao yanjiu cun gao
f~,
jciJ!EnJf5Ef¥
181-95. 1994; Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 2006.
Lingley, Kate A. "Naturalizing the exotic: On the changing meaning of ethnic dress in Medieval
China." Ars Orientlia 38 (2010): 50-80.
Misaki Yoshiaki -~ ~~. Goko jarokkoku no kisoteki kenkya 1itlifl+7\000)~~1¥lnff5E.
Tokyo: Kyuko shoin, 2006.
Rogers, Michael C. The chronicle ofFu Chien: A case ofexemplar history. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1968.
Schafer, Edward H. "The Yeh Chung Chi." T'oung Pao 76.4-5 (1990): 147-207.
Lecture 3/ Bibliography/I
Schreiber, Gerhard. "The history of the Former Yen dynasty." Monumenta Serica 14 (1949-1955):
374-480; and 15.1 (1956): 1-141.
Wang Zhigang .:E~lmJU. Jia guo, Yi Xia yu tian ren: Shiliu guo Beichao shixue tanyan ~~ , ~
·JiJ/ifJ::A : +7\~jtfJJ5e~~~ff. Beijing: Beijing shifan daxue chubanshe, 2013.
Zhang Hequan ~~*· Wei Jin Nanbeichao shi: Yige fenlie yu ronghe de shidai ft-fi-]¥jjt!{!Jj
5e:
-00:5t~Witi~1¥JB~{~. Taibei: San min shuju, 2010.
Lecture 3/Biblio 2
Northern Wei/ Bibliography
Barfield, Thomas J. The perilous frontier: Nomadic empires and China.
Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell Inc., 1989.
Chen Zhengxiang. ~iE;f.f. Caoyuan diguo: Tuoba Wei wangchao zhi
xingshuai 1i!J**~:
f,fo'f!«.:E!j!JJZ..Jilt. Hong Kong: Zhonghua
shuju, 1991.
Dien, Albert. E. "The disputation at Pengcheng: Accounts from the Wei shu
and the Song shu." In Wendy Swartz, Robert Ford Campany, Yang Lu
and Jessey J. C. Choo, eds. Early medieval China: A sourcebook,
32-59. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
Dien, Albert. E. "Elite lineages and the T' o-pa accommodation: A study of the
edict of 495." Journal ofthe Economc and Social History of the
Orient 19.1 (1976): 61-88.
Dien, Albert. E. "A new look at the Xianbei and their impact on Chinese
culture," In George Kuwayama, ed. Ancient mortuary traditions of
China, 40-59, Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art,
1991.
Eberhard, Wolfram. Das Toba-Reich Nordchinas: Eine soziologische Untersuchung. Leiden: E.J. Brill,
1949.
Eisenberg, Andrew. Kingship in early medieval China. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
Golden, Peter B. An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples:
Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern
Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992.
Holcombe, Charles. "The Xianbei in world history." Early Medieval China 19
(2013): 1-38.
Holmgren, Jennifer. "Empress Dowager Ling of the Northern Wei and the
T'o-pa sinicization issue." Papers on Far Eastern History 18 (1978):
Lecture 3/Biblio 2
123-70.
_ _. "Women and political power in the traditional T'o-pa elite: A
preliminary study of the biographies of empresses in the Wei-shu."
Monumenta Serica 35 (1981-1983): 33-74.
Hori Toshikazu :lfalfID(-. Kindensei no kenkya: Chugoku kodai kokka no tochi
seisaku to toehi shoyasei :t'.g 133 fllU 0) 1iJf ~ : !fl ~ tl 1~ ~ %0) ±±mll&It
t
±±111.Pff:ffflJU.Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1975. Translated into Chinese
by Han Guopan fl!~~ et al. Juntian zhi de yanjiu :t'.>a133flJUl'f<JliJf~.
Fuzhou: Fujian renmin chubanshe, 1984.
Jenner, W.J.F. Memories ofLoyang: Yang Hsuan-chih and the lost capital
(493-534). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
Kang, Le. "An empire for a city: Cultural reforms of the Hsiao-wen Emperor
(A.D. 471-499)." Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1983.
Li Ping'.$%. Bei Wei Pingcheng shidai ::l~ftf-:lpX~1~. Shanghai: Shehui
kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2011.
Mather, Richard A. "K'ou Ch'ien-chih and the Taoist theocracy at the
Northern Wei court, 425-451." In Holmes Welch and Anna Seidel,
eds., Facets of Taoism: Essays in Chinese religion, 103-22. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Mi Wenping *}Cf-. "Xianbei shishi de faxian yu chubu yanjiu" ~~15~Ef<J
5~lJBl~1JJtVliJf~." Wenwu 1981.2: 1-7.
Pearce, Scott. "The land of Tai: The origins, evolution and historical
significance of a community of the Inner Asian frontier." In Edward
H. Kaplan and Donald W. Whisenhunt, eds., Opuscula Altaica:
Essays presented in honor ofHenry Schwarz, 465-98. Bellingham,
WA: C((nter for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University,
1994.
Lecture 3/Biblio 2
_ _."Nurses, nurslings and new shapes of power in the mid-Wei court."
Asia Major, Third series, 22.1 (2009): 287-309.
Tian Yuqing EE~Jl. Tuoba shi tan 1.£1f£!£~. Beijing: Shenghuo, dushu,
xinzhi sanlian shudian, 2003.
Wang, Yi-t'ung, tr. A record ofBuddhist monasteries in Lo-yang. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1984.
Yao Weiyuan 5!:J61Jl:7G. Beichao huxing kao ~t$ii1iJIM:~. Beijing: Kexue
chubanshe, 1958.
Zou Da I~~. "Bei Wei de bingzhi"
jtJl1¥JAftiU." Dalu zazhi shixue congshu
1.4 (1970): 162-73.
Zhang Li *frl. Wei shu yanjiu
n 45liJf~. Beijing: Huawen chubanshe, 2009.
Lecture 4A Outline
Lecture 4A Outline
I. Northern Qi
A. Resources
B. Geography
C. Capital Pingcheng
D. Six Garrisons
E. Erzhu Rong and Fall of Northern Wei
II. Eastern Wei
A. GaoHuan
1. Antecedents and early life
2. Success over opponents
3. Control of the court
4. Flight and move of capital to Ye
5. Shogunate at Jinyang
6. Xianbei-Han relations
III. Warfare with the West and South
A. Expeditions down the Fen River
B. Impasse at Yi bi
IV. Subsequent reigns
A. Problems with Hou Jing
B. Assassination of Gao Cheng
C. Bizarre reign of Gao Yang
D. Short reign of Gao Yan
E. Uncles seize control; Gao Zhan
1. He Shikai
2. Zu Ting
3. Abdication
F. Child emperor Gao Wei
1. Lu Lingxuan
2. Gao Anagui, Mu Ti po, and Han Changluan
3. Losses to Chen
4. Advances from the West
5. Final defeat and collapse
Lecture 4A: Glossary/2
Lecture 4A: Glossary
m#i
Bohai
Chen
I?*
Erzhu Rong 'f11U~~
Erzhu Shilong
~*fil~i
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Erzhu Zhao
~*~!)
Erzhu Zhongyuan ~*=flft~
Fen 15.t River
Fuming
~~
Gao Anagui ~~iiJJj~JVl
Gao Bainian ~§f:f
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1
Lecture 4A: Glossary/2
Shouyang
Tongguan
Tujue
Woye
Wuchuan
Xianbei
Xindu
Xiongnu
Xiurong
Yang Yin
Ye
Yuan
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Yuwen Tai
Zhou
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~~
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Lecture 4A; Bibliography
Lecture 4A; Bibliography
Balazs, Etienne. Le Traite economique du "Souei-chou," Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1953.
Boodberg, Peter. "Marginalia to the Histories of the Northern Dynasties," Harvard Journal of
Asian Studies 3 (1938): 223-53. Reprt. in Alvin P. Cohen, Selected works of Peter A.
Boodberg, 265-95. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
_ _. "Marginalia to the Histories of the Northern Dynasties," Harvard Journal of
Asian Studies 4 (1939): 230-83. Reprt. in Alvin P. Cohen, Selected works of Peter A.
Boodberg, 296-349. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
_ _,''The language of the T'o-Pa Wei," Harvard Journal of Asian Studies 1 (1936): 167-85.
Reprt. in Alvin P. Cohen, Selected works of Peter A. Boodberg, 221-39. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1979.
Chen Yinke l?*lir'~, Wan Shengnan ~-~.ed. Chen Yinke Wei Jin Nanbeichaoshi jiangyan lu
l?*lir'~~ff1¥i~t:®j~~i$:~. Taibei: Zhishufang chubanshe, 1995; 2003 ed.
Cui Yanhua
mg;*· '"Ye--Jinyang' liangdu tizhi yu Dong Wei Bei Qi zhengzhi" "~~-ff~"~
~ftfllU~Jlt~~t~l!&'l~. Shehui kexue zhenxian 2010.7: 4 pages.
Franke, Herbert. "Siege and defense of towns in Medieval China." In Frank A. Kierman, Jr.,
ed., Chinese ways in warfare, 151-94. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Dudbridge, Glen. "Yti-ch'ih Chiung at An-yang: An eighth-century cult and its myths." AM
3rd ser. 3.1 (1990): 27-49.
He Tao {iiJl#. "Bei Qi Gao Yang tongzhi shiqi de junshi jinglue yanjiu" ~t~;Wj7-**1E'l~~Wjl¥J_'ijl
$*~~1iJf5'E. Sanxia daxue xuebao (renwen shehui kexueban) 2008, 2 pages.
Holmgren, Jennifer. "Seeds of madness: A portrait of Kao Yang, First Emperor of Northern Ch'i,
530-560A.D.," Papers on Far Eastern History 24 (1981): 83-134.
_ _. "Family, marriage and political power in sixth century China: A study of the Kao family
of Northern Ch'i, c. 520-550," Journal of Asian History 16.1(1982):1-50.
_ _. "Politics of the Inner Court under the Hou-chu (Last Lord) of the Northern Ch'i (ca.
565-73). In Albert. Dien, ed., State and society fn Early Medieval China, 269-328.
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Lecture 4A; Bibliography
Lil Chunsheng 8*~· Bei Qi zheng zhi shi yanjiu: Bei Qi shuaiwang yuanyin zhi kaocha"
7J'bf-
~¥~5!:1iJF5'.E: it7J'bf-~I:JJR~::Z~*· Taibei: Guoli Taiwan daxue chuban weiyuanhui,
1987.
Miao Yue ~~. "Dong Wei Bei Qi zhengzhishang Hanren yu Xianbei zhi chongtu" JR~it~~
f~J:t~A~if:Jilj!.;:Zfjf~. In idem, Dushi cungao
ll.Jfs!:ff:ff,/i, 79-84.
Beijing: Sanlian
shudian, 1963.
Su Xiaohua lf1J"., "Dong Wei Bei Qi zhong bei qing nan de yuanyin ji qi yingxiang" JR~it
7fbf-l!it@F-fJ1¥JJJR~lk~~-. Yunnan minzu daxue xuebao (zhexue shuhui kexue ban)
2008.2. 8 pages.
Wallacker, Benjamin E. "Studies in Medieval Chinese siegecraft: The siege of Yti-pi, A.D. 546."
Journal of Asian Studies 28.4 (1968): 789-94.
_ _."Studies in Medieval Chinese siegecraft: The siege ofYing-ch'uan,A.D. 548-549."
Journal ofAsian Studies 31 (1971): 612-22.
Wang Yichen 3:.'t~l!Z. Dong Wei Bei Qi di tongzhi jituan 1Fft:ic1li¥1~5fj~Eif. Taibei: Wenjin
chubanshe, 2006.
Xie Weijie ~jf1jt~. "Gao Huan 'gongchenjituan' de xingcheng yu Dong Wei de zhengzhi
chongtu" [Wj:flVc [;JJ §!~~]1¥J%fflt~JR~1¥J~f~:ffj~. Zhongguo wenhua yanjiusuo
xuebao 2002.11: 85-117.
Zhang Wenjun 5.ft)(f~ and Jin Xiaopeng :wr~Jlll, "Bei Qi biedu Jinyangcheng chutan"
~1Hf~:WX1JJW. Shanxi shidaxue xuebao (shehui kexueban) 37.4 (2010): 80-83.
it7J'bf-}3Ij
Lecture 4B Outline
Lecture 4B Outline
I. Geography
A. Guanzong
B. Qinling Mountains
C. North Shaanxi Plateau
D. The Northwest
II. Population
A.Han
B. Di and Qiang
C. Turkish speakers
D. Sogdians
Ill. Emergence of the Western Wei
A. Xianbei garrison
B. Emergence of Yuwen Tai
C. Hight of the Wei emperor
IV. Western Wei
A. Few resources, small population
B. Battle at Shayuan
C. Fubing system
D. Bestowal of Xianbei surnames
E. Su Chuo and the Zhoulil system
V. Warfare :'With the East and South
A. Occupation of Chengdu area
B. Conquest of Liang
VI. Yuwen Hu
A. Background and transition
B. Wars with Northern Qi
C. Assassination by his nephew
VII. Emperor Wu
A. Build-up of the state
B. Conquest of Northern Qi
C. Accomplishments
VIII. Fall of the Northern Zhou
A. EmperorYuwen Yun's shortcomings
B. Palace coup and Yang Jian
C. Failure of the Yuwen loyalists
D. Reversal of Northern Zhou policies
IX. Chen Yinque and the Guanzhong Policy
Lecture 4B: Glossary
Lecture 4B: Glossary
Bingzhou
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Liu Song
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ml@f
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wansui
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Lecture 4B: Glossary
Xiaowendi
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xing
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f)Cli
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Yuwen Yong
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Yuwen Yun
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Zhou
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3
4B. Bibliography
Lecture 4B: Bibliography
Aida Daisuke fl EE:.:km, Lin Ching-wei 1* Ni1'&, transl., "Bei Zhou Yuwen Hu zhizhengqi
zaikao--yi Yuwen Hu muliao renshi zucheng wei zhongxin" ~tfi!iJ~Jt@i¥Jt~W1¥f~-­
bl ~Jt@i-~A $ifJlPX:~ 9=1 'L', Zaoqi Zhongguoshi yanjiu -9!WJ 9=1~9:1iJf'ie 4.1
(2012): 1-40.
Chen Yinke ~Jft'~. Tangdai zhengzhishi shulun gao 181~j])(¥fl !£:)£~~. Shanghai: Shangwu
yinshuguan, 1947. Original printing, Chongqing, 1944.
_ _. Sui Tang zhidu yuanyuan luelun gao ~ J8$Ullml!Wj~~~. Shanghai: Shangwu
yinshuguan, 1946.
Dien, Albert E. , "The role of the military in the Western Wei/Northern Chou state," in idem, ed.,
State and society in Early Medieval China, 331-67. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
1990.
_ _• Biography of Yu-wen Hu. Chinese Dynastic Histories Project No. 9. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1962.
_ _ ,, "The bestowal of surnames under the Western Wei-Northern Chou: A case of counteracculturation," T'oung Pao 63 (1977): 137-77.
_ _, Pei Ch 'i shu 45: Biography of Yen Chih-t'ui. Sino-japonica 6. Bern: Herbert
Lang, 1976.
Gao Yunhua ~*l•. "Yuwen Hu shulun" fX~:i£~. Beichao yanjiu 8 (1992): 21-30.
Goodrich, Chauncey S. Biography of Su Ch'o. Chinese Dynastic Histories Project No. 3.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961.
David A. Graff, Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900. London, 2002.
Gu Jiguang ~B7'6. Fubing zhidu kaoshi JM~fiIUll~*i. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin
chubanshe, 1962.
He Ziquan Ji~:i:, "Fubing zhiqian de Beichao bingzhi" JM~$U1WB"J~~~J3~$U. In idem,
Dushiji ~-.'£~, 317-53. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1982.
Lei Yanhong ti~t-r. "Chen Yinke 'Guan Longjituan' shuo pingxi" ~tJft'~,~~l~lll'ITTl~fJT.
Xiamen daxue xuebao (zhexue shehui kexue ban) 2002.1: 72-79.
1
4B. Bibliography
Lei Yiqun m{t(#f. Bei Zhou shihgao ~~fi!flst:#f. Xi'an: Shaanxi renminjiaoyu chubanshe, 1999.
Li, Gang. "State Religious Policy." In John Lagerway and Lil Pengzhi, ed., Early Chinese
Religion. Part Two: The Period of Division (220-589 AD), 193-274. Leiden: Koninklijke
Brill NV, 2010.
Li Wencai *Jt::t. "Shilun Xi Wei Bei Zhou shiqi de ci, fu huxing" ~~II§«~tJffJ~AA1¥J~,~
15.J.Itt. In idem, Wei Jin Nanbeichao Sui Tang zhengzhi yu wenhua lungao ftfil¥i~t.$.13~
mD)(~:!ili!Jt1t~f.fi. Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe, 2006, 208-23. Reprinted from
Minzu yanjiu 2001.3.
Lu Chun-sheng g ~§, Guanlong jituan de quanli jiegou yanbian--Xi Wei Bei Zhou zhengzhishi
yanjiu mm rol~[IJ 1¥Jtl:fU~i1!JJ~~--II§«~tJffJ D)(~ j:liJHt. Taibei: Taoxiang chubanshe,
2002.
Pu Hanji tr~~. "Xi Wei Bei Zhou shidai huxing zaixing yu Hu Han tizhi" j[§ft~tJff1~1~iSJ}
tt-Mff :!ili!i5JI~H$U. Wen shi zhe 1993.3: 17-19.
Rogers, Michael. The chronicle of Fu Chien: A case of exemplar history. Chinese Dynastic
Histories Project No. 10. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
Shi Dongmei ~ ~~. "Yuwen Tai shixing liuguanzhi de mudi xinlun"-¥Jt~jifff ;\ '8'$U 1¥J §
1¥Jt')f~, Guangxi shehui kexue 2006.4: 104-106.
Wan Shengnan, ed. "Chen l'inque: Wei Jin Nanbeichao shi jiangyan lu. Taibei: Zhishufang
chubanshe, 1999.
Xiong Wei ff~fijt. ""Xi Wei Bei Zhou fubingzhi zuzhi xitong gongneng yu zuoyong fenxi" II§«
~tJffJJM~$Ufill•*~JEJjjij~:!ili!f'F#Ht;j:}r. Guangxi shehui kexue 2012.1: 114-18.
_ _. "Tangdai zhidujiegou biange zhong de Guan Longjituan--guanyu ChenYanke xiansheng
zhi 'Guan Long jituan' gainian de jiexian fenxi" }jg{~fljij)jt~f;~:i!j~)p1¥7~~~1!1Il--~
:tR-WRJii'[~)t~z·~~~l!IIl'fl!t~1¥JW-~:fr;fff. Xuchang xueyuan xuebao 31.6 (2012.6):
90-93.
Yang Fan, "Bei Zhou Wudi kafai xibei jingji chutan," Wulumuqi chengren jiaoyu xueyuan
xuebao 15.4 (2007): 5-8
2