States of Matter
UNIT 13.1
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Theory that explains the effects of
temperature and pressure on matter
3 Postulates
All matter is made up of tiny particles.
These particles are in constant motion.
Collisions between these particles are
perfectly elastic.
Temperature
Measure of the vibrational movement of a
substance.
More movement = higher temperature
Energy (trend): Solid < Liquid < Gas
Solid
Solids have definite volume and
definite shape.
Vibrate against one another.
Melting Point: temperature at which a
solid turns into a liquid.
Pure solids melt at definite temperatures.
Density Trend: solid (most) > liquid >
gas (least)
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Liquid
Liquids have definite volume but
no definite shape.
Particles slide past one another.
Generally liquids are less dense than
solids.
Boiling (vaporization) Point: the
temperature at which a liquid turns
in to a gas.
Gas
Gases have no definite shape
and no definite volume.
Particles move very rapidly in gases.
Lower densities than solids or liquids
because the particles are not as
close together.
Can be compressed because there
is a lot of space between the
particles.