UNIT
Part
A
13
Target Words and Their Meanings
1. belated (tli lat/id) adi.
2. belligerent (ba lij'ar ant) adj., n.
3. trounreous (boun't€ as) adj.
4. contemptuous (kan temp'chm was)
adj.
5. deport (di pdrt') v.
6. endear (in dir/) v.
7. flounder (floun'dar) v., n.
B. jubilanr fi6'b'l ant) adj.
9. memento (mi men't6, ma-) n.
I0. nucleus (noo'kle as, nycro'-) n.
1I. operative {:ip/a rd'tiv, -era,) a{j., n.
12. profitable (pr:if/ir a b'l) adj.
13. prosper (pris'par) v.
14. quip (kwip) n., v.
15" random (ran'dam) adj.
16. revert (ri wrt/) v.
17. sympathize (sim/pa thlz') v.
lB. Lariff (tar'if) n., v.
19. unpretentious (un pri ten/shas) adi.
20. wamant (w6r/ant, wir'-) v., n.
lnferring Meaning from Context
For each sentence r,vrite the letter of the word or phrase that is closest in
meaning to the word or words in italics. Use context clues to help you choose
the correct answer. (For information about how context helps you
understand vocabulary, see pages 1-6.)
1. since Shirley's birthday was last week, the birthd ay party we are
having for her this evenin g is belated,.
a. preliminary b. surprising c. exclusive d. late
2. With someone
as belligerenl as Tom
the time.
a. quarrelsome b. delicate c.
around, arguments break out all
frieidly d. diligent
3. A bounteous rneal filled the tables to overflowing at Thanksgiving.
a. more than sufficient b. plain and healthful c. thrifty d. grave
4. Catherine insisted she was not contemptuous of the television show
we chose, but she sneered and made fun of it all the time we were
watching.
a. proud b. scornful c. fearful d. respectful
5'
158
person who is deported from t.ne United States usually returns to
the country fiom which he or she came.
a. sent out of b. brought into c. imprisoned in d. accused in
-A
6. Mary's appealing ways endear her to everyone who meets her'
a. make her different from b. make her liked by
c. make her devoted to d. make her more energetic than
7. Trying to get out of the swamp, Ben floundered, almost falling, and
eventually had to call for helP.
a. swam b. hesitated c. struggled d' proposed
8. The whole school was jubilanl when our team won the tournament.
a. passive b. effective c. tired d. joful
9. When we moved, I kept a rock from the back yard as a memenlo of
10.
our first house.
a. reminder b. vagabond c. picture d. description
-Ihe nucleus of our city is the downtown area; everything else
surrounds it.
a. exterior b. habitat c' diameter d' central part
will be operatiue November 15.
From that day on, all students will be expected to obey the new rules.
a. wrong b. in effect c. realistic d. eligible
11. The new student code of behavior
12. Babysitting every weekend must be prorttubk for Suzanne; I just
her in a new leatherjacket.
a. tiring b. offensive c' moneymaking d. difficult
saw
13. It is the immigrant's dream to come to the United States and prosper
a. do well b. get by c. leave soon d. wander
14. People on television are always trading quips, but I can never think
of anything funny to say until it's too late.
a. expressions b. gestures c. clever remarks
d.
strange resPonses
15. Instead of calling on students in alphabetical ordeq the teacher
chose students at random.
a. in an unplanned way b' carefully c. hurriedly
d. in a confusing way
oil becomes more scarce, we may have to reaert /o sources of
energy used more commonly years ago, such as coal and wood'
16. As
a. give up b. invent c. go back
_
to d. waste
17. Fred. sympathized, with the Johnsons' problems, so he offered to help.
a. was annoyed with b' understood c. sponsored d' envied
18.
The tarffithat a government places on goods that come into
country increase the prices of the goods.
a. seals b. taxes c. discounts d. guards
a
159
19. Although her family is one of the richest
and most powerfur in our
town, Isabel is really avery unpretentio?ls person. I
a. conceited b. proud c. modest d. responsive
20' Danny k1.y he was wrong, but he didn't think his
mistake
warranted the harsh punishment he received.
-
a. prevented b. erased c. affected d. justified
Number correct
Part
B
(total 20)
Target words in Reading and Literature
You
of the meaning of each targer word. sharpen
vour understanding by studying how these words
u.. ..rid i"
:::l1i*::jfl:..1f:::Tlld:1
n
,h;f"li:il; ffffi1
The Cajuns
Howard Peet
The cajuns are a group of peopte who rive mainry
l.9ubigna They are descendants'of the Acadians, rrenin in southern
seftters who, in
the 1600's and early 1700's, lived in southeastern
Canaia. This selection
relates the unusuat history of this group.
This
is the forest prfmevarl.; but where are the
hearts that beneath it
Leaped rike the roe,2 when he hears in the woodrand
the voice of the huntsman?
where is the thatch-roofed viilage, the home of Acadian
farmers,-
-Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow
ln Henry wadsworth Longfeilow's poem Evangerine,
the history of the
cajun culture unfords in a moving tare of rove and royarty.
cajun history
begins in the region that now incrudes Nova scotia,
New Brunswick,
Prince Edward rsrand, parts of euebec, and parts
of Maine. The French
settlers of this area called it Acadia. At first, they lived
happiry and well.
The land produced a bounteous harvest, and the
farms were profitable.
The sea, the forests, and the mountains were breathtaking
in their
beauty. There were no taxes or government tariffs
to drain the wealth of
the people. The Acadians, an unpretentious fork
who enjoyed a simpre
existence, prospered.
However, both France and Great Britain craimed
this region.as their
own. ln 1719, the Treaty of Utrecht gave Acadia
to Britain. rhe British
were jubirant, of course, but the Acadians were
not. They were not a
1
'
160
primeval: belonging to the first ages of the
world
roe: a small deer
British soldiers
deporting
the Acadians
belligerent or warlike people; they did not openly rebel when British rule
became operative. They did, however, sympathize with France, their
native country. Their attitude, expressed in contemptuous quips about
the new British king and his rule, did not endear the Acadians to their
British neighbors-or to King George l.
ln the years that followed, war between Britain and France in North
America seemed more and more likely. The British were afraid that the
Acadians would revert to their French loyalties in wartime. So, in 1755,
all Acadians who refused to take an oath of allegiance to the King of
Great Britain were deported. People sympathetic to the Acadians have
always argued that nothing the Acadians had done warranted Such
severe treatment. Nonetheless, they were forced to leave behind their
land, homes, and most of their possessions. They were allowed to carry
only a few personal mementos with them.
It was a tragic time for the Acadians. They were scattered in a random
pattern among British colonies to the south. Many of them drifted into the
deep southern United States. For some time they floundered in their
efforts to keep their identity, but they held onto their close feelings toward
one another. Finally, a community of Acadians began to form again. Its
nucleus was near the Mississippi River Delta.
Longfellow's poem tells the story of two Acadians, Evangeline and
Gabriel, who were Separated during this forced move. Evangeline's lifelong search for Gabriel represents the Acadians' Search for their lost
home. ln fact, Evangeline's kind of loyalty became one of the highest val-
15
ues in the culture.
The Acadians, now called the Cajuns, keep the memory of Evangeline
and the tradition of the old days alive. Under the big Evangeline Oak in
St. Martinville, Louisiana, is a plaque. The plaque, which bears the
names of the real-life Evangeline and Gabriel, stands as a belated
b,-
recognition of their devotion.
161
Refining Your Understanding
For each of the following items, consider how the target word is used in the
passage. Write the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the
sentence.
l'
(lnpretentior,rs people such as the Acadians
unlikely to
(line 9) would be
own a. farms b. warm clothes c. expensive jewelry.
2. lvhen the author says the Acadians prospered, (line 10), he suggests
they had a. little to call their own b. just enough to ger by
c. all they needed and more.
3. The British people who were jubilant after the Treaty of Utrecht
(line 13) might have a. talked about their worries
b. had aparty c. smiled quietly.
4. The Acadians' deeds might have warranted the English actions
against them (line 24) if the Acadians had a. gone on with their
farming b. organized an army c. grumbred about the situation.
5. \{hen the author says that the Acadians "floundereclin their efforts
to keep their identity" (lines 30-31), he suggests thar rheir attemprs
were a. effective b. ridiculous c. not immediatelv successful.
Number
Part
C
correct
(total 5)
Ways to Make New Words Your Own
By now you are familiar with the target words and their meanings. This section presents activities that will help you make the words part of your permanent vocabulary.
Using Language and Thinking Skills
Matching Ideas Write the letter of the word from the list below that is most
clearly related to the situ4tion described in the sentence or group of senteirces.
a. deport
b. flounder
c. memento
d.
pro'sper
e. random
1. walking across a field, Hecror suddenly stepped into a muddy area.
Caught by surprise, he kicked and stumbled, trying to get to the
other side.
not decide which one to choose, so she closed her eyes and took the
first one she touched.
3.
162
,The detectives caught the foreign criminal. He was arrested and was
soon sent back to his native country.
attracted many customers, and sales increased every week.
tt"rr, ,p..ial photoglaphs, parq invitations, and other souvenirs.
'
.orr..,
Number
(total
S)
True-False Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F).
l.
If your business
is prof,table, you
will probably be forced to close it
soon.
I
I An
--
'
l^+
unPretentious person usually brags^ ^a lot.
o
J.
A
4.
A contemptuous person. shows respect for others.
5.
A person wlno reuerts to the behavior of childhood might throw
food.
belated,
award is given some time alter the achievement.
I[ a harves tis bounteozs, the farmer will probably make a great deal
of money that yean
---:-
l. If your furnace is operatiae, it can keep your house wPrm.
h
grandmother would not want to spend the afternoon with
grandson who has endeared himself to her.
8. A
9.
If you are
d.eported, you
a
do not go to another country.
10. Warmhearted people sympaLhize easily
with others.
Number
correct
(total 10)
Practicing for Standardized lesfs
Synonyms Write the letter of the word that is closest in meaning to the
capitalized word.
1. BELLIGEMNT: (A) peaceful (B)
(D) impolite (E) joyous
diligent (C) warlike
JUBITANT: (A) curious (B) joyous (C) sullen (D) wistlul
ln; n'irt
3. MFMENTO: (A) item (B) memo (C) veto (D) parricle
(E) souvenir
4. NUCLEUS: (A) center (B) rim (C) bomb (D) exterior
(E) factor
2.
163
5. PROSPER: (A) peer (B) propose (C)
(D) proceed (E) recede
succeed
(D) strike
(E) comedian
7. SIA4PATHIZE: (A) undersrand (B) dislike (C) sponsor
(D) oppose (E) neglect
8. TARIFF: (A)
(E) port
fight (B) emotion (C) tax
(D) attitude
9. UNPRETENTIOUS: (A) humble (B) barbaric
(D) powerful (E) worried
10.
W\RRANT: (A) offend (B) complimenr
(D) arrest (E) justig,
(C) imaginary
(C) refine
Number correct
(total l0)
###ffi#k ffiw*;ffi*r memento
In Latin, the word memento means "Remember!" rt is the imperative,
or command, form of the verb memin'isse, meaning "to remember.',
Because of this sense of command, the English word memento referred
for many years not just to a reminder but to a warning. The skull-andcrossbones symbol on a bottle of lethal chemicals wolld have been a
memento. A letter threatening a lawsuir unless a bill was paid would
have been a memento. A note on a midterm report card indicating the
student had better work harder if he or she wanted to pass would also
have been a memento.
over the years, however, the wo.rd memento came to refer to a
reminder of things past. Today it is used to refer to snapshots, dried
flowers, and souvenir postcards-and not to the Surgeon General's
warning on a package of cigarettes.
t64
d;
Spelling and Wordplay
Crossword Puzzle Read the clues and print the correct answer to each in the
proper squares. There are twelve target words in this puzzle.
ACROSS
2. \Alhat a baby wears
while eating
5. A clever comment
8. Not on time
11. Notodd
12. To make dear
16. The opposite of
borrow
17. Small round,
green vegetables
18. To make a bow or
knot
19. Abbr. lane
20. With up, it means
adult.
,9 What you row with
24.. It comes before
two.
25. It can cause an illness.
28. A tax
.1,
,i
dh/
1
32.
To help
34. Base_ _ _ _,
foot_ _ _ _,
basket_ _ _ _
35. Chance;
unplanned
36. Another word for
Harkl
37. Abbr. dozen
38. To request
39. Abbr. Union of
Soviet Socialist
Republics
42. Center
45. You use it to catch
butterflies.
46. An inside-out
try
13. Not old
14. Short for Daniel
15. To go back to an old
way
bump
47. Thoughts
50. A
3. That thing
4. To exist
6. Employs
7. A component
8. Liking to fight
9. Short for Leonard
10. To send out ofa coun-
reminder
51. To be successful
20. Opposite of stay
21. Abbr. radium
23. To make full
Arc
24. .loan
--
DOWN
26. Past tense of run
27. Between the beginning and the end
29. Belonging to Lincoln
30. Egyptian sun god
31. To struggle awkwardly
J3, Twelve
38. Abbr. Anglo-Saxon
40. A homonym for scene
4\. Alaska or Iowa or
Ohio
43. Abbr. compact disc
44. Abbr. of Utah
47. Contraction for I am
48. Therefore
49. Opposite of down
50. Abbr. Mister
1. One more than
six
2. Two guitars.
a key-
board, and drums
9.2
165
Part
D Related
Words
The words below are closely related to the target words. Use
;rour knowledge of the
target words and of word parts to determine the meanings of these words.
1. controversy {kin'tra rn*r's€) n.
2. convert (kan vurt') v. (kan'vart) n.
3. divert {da r.qrt/) v
4. inverf (in wrt'i v. (in'r,urr') n.
5. jubilee fim'ba lC',jm ba 1€l) n.
6. pretense (pri tens', pre/ tens) n.
U nderstandi
7. pretentious (pri ten'shas) adj.
B. profit (prdf it) n., v.
9. reverse (ri vr*rs/) v, ad|., n.
10- sympathy (sim'pa the) n.
11. warranty. (w6r/an te, wiir/-) n.
ng Related Words
Close Relatives Use one of these pairs of closely related words in each
sentence below. Determine which word belongs in each blank. use a
dictionary to find the meaning of any word yoi, do not know.
sympathy
warranty prerense
profit
jubilant
sympathized warrants pretentious profitable jubilee
1. Mr. Lonnigan sells his merchandise at the lowest price in town. He makes
very little
on each sale, but because he sells so much,
his business
2. Alicia is
is
,
_
about performing in the
which celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of the town's founding.
Donald is a very
shows no
4.r
person. His brother, on the other hand,
, even
though he comes from
a
wealthy family.
with Larry when his grandfather died recenily, so I
sent him a
card.
5. This car will be very expensive to repair, and I think that
paying the extra fee to extend the
Number
correct
(total 10)
Turn to The suffix 4on on page 228 of the spelling Handbook. Read the
rule and complete the exercises provided.
166
The Suftix -ion
b'r,
The -ion suffix can change verbs to nouns.
operate + -ion = operation emote + -ion = emotion
locate + -ion = location
express -l -ion = expression
In the examples above, -i,on rs either added directly to the verb form, or the
final e is dropped before -ionis added.
Some verbs when made into nouns have irregular spellings.
compose + -ion = composition persuade + -ion = persuasion
assume + -ion = assumption proclaim + -ion = proclamation
In the case of words that do not follow regular spelling patterns, you must
memorize their spellings.
Exercise
A Add -i.onto each of the following
1. isolate
1
2. elevate
3. reject
4. appropriate
5. correct
6. associate
7. impress
8. decorate
9. duplicate
words. Then write the new word..
1. detect
19
congregate
T3, object
14. situate
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
10. contradict
20.
regulate
donate
hesitate
appreciate
extract
navigate
Number correct
b_
(total 20)
Exercise B Each of the following nouns was formed by addin g the -ion suffix to
a verb. In each case, the verb has been modified before -ionwas added. Write
the verb from which the word was flormed. Use a dictionarvwhen needed.
1. revolution
2. inclusion
3. subscription
4. seclusion
5. production
6. transmission
7. presentation
9. diminution
10. provrsron
transformation
12. contention
13. continuation
74. division
15. recommendation
11.
8. exclamation
Number correct
(total 15)
'5
s.l
Analyzing Word Parts
-fhe target word reaert comes from the Latin word ztertere'
The Latin Root aert
this same Latin word:
1n.urrir.g "to turn." The following words all come from
convert divert invert reverse controversy
by looking at pages
Review the meanings of the prefixes used in these words
each related word
7-8. Then, keeping"in mind the meaning of uertere, match
with its .o.r..id.finition. Use your dictionary if necessary'
1. to turn upside down
I to chanse from one form or belief to another;
exchan[e for something equal in value
o
J.
to turn backward
4. a discussion
5.
in which people oppose each other
to turn aside
correct
Number correct in unit
Number
*,@ @
*-**#*%*.
df"H
j.
flF
e#
(total5)
(total 65)
d$
;3 # # f, Wffi'.kR.ffi
Writing
, The reading selection in this unit talks about the loyalty of the cajyns' write
and whyit is important' Is it
a paragrapn tEUirrg what you think loyalty is
each other?
pi"jtr'ttriDoes itirelp people to pro.sper? Does it end,ear people to about'
you might give an .*.-pt"'of a loyal act you have witnessed or heard
Speaking
of some person or
choose a memento that you have kept to remind yourself
give a short speech telling
event in your life. Bring the memento to class and
why you Lept it and what it reminds vou of'
Group Discussion
into small groups'
What do you need to make a business profitabte? Divide
a list of conditions
Each group should pick a type of busineis and prepare
nttd of product or service
needed to make the busine ss prosper. consider tn.
be located, and how it
the business should offer, where the business might
look for in an employee and
should be advertised. Talk about what you would
create'
what kind of work atmosphere you would like to
767