WWW.FAMILIESUSA.ORG Enrollment Collecting Consumers’ Health Care Stories: What Enrollment Assistance Organizations Need to Know ISSUE BRIEF / FEBRUARY 2016 COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 1 Organizations that provide application assistance are well-positioned to help elevate the stories of consumers who have explored their coverage options under the Affordable Care Act. regarding the collection and storage of personally identifiable information (PII), assister organizations must take additional precautions if they want to follow up with a consumer who has used enrollment assistance on any issue that is not directly related to the consumer’s application, such as a story sharing opportunity. However, these organizations must take precautions if they want assisters to follow up with consumers on any issue that is not directly related to their application, such as a story sharing opportunity. Fortunately, CMS issued resources in November 2014 and February 2015 that clarify how assisters (including navigators, non-navigator assistance personnel [in-person assisters], certified application counselors [CACs]) and their organizations can collect information for follow-up or additional outreach. Consumers’ personal health care stories can span a wide range of topics as varied as an individual’s experience enrolling in coverage for the first time, how in-person assistance helped a consumer select a plan, or how a family benefited from a special enrollment period (SEP). These stories can be useful in an organization’s in-reach, outreach, public education, or media efforts. (For more ideas on how you can share stories publicly, see p. 5.) But before any assister organization helps tell the stories of people who have used enrollment assistance, it must think through how it can incorporate story collection into its work. There are many methods organizations can use to collect stories, including making use of enrollment assisters. However, due to privacy regulations ISSUE BRIEF / FEBRUARY 2016 Organizations that want to begin collecting stories as part of their work need to understand: »» The basics of story collection »» Ethical story collection and sharing »» How story collection and enrollment intersect Personal stories are one of the most powerful tools for raising awareness and educating the public. One person’s experience can illustrate a program’s success, demonstrate the need for reform, and motivate people to take action in a way that facts, figures, or expert testimony cannot. »» The two different types of consent for enrollment assistance and story collection »» How to introduce the topic of collecting stories WWW.FAMILIESUSA.ORG The Basics of Story Collection Building a story bank is a three-step process: Whether an organization has a long history of featuring personal stories or is new to the practice, it is important for the organization to think through its story bank program. Collecting and highlighting stories—much like providing enrollment assistance—requires thoughtful planning and an emphasis on maintaining privacy and empowering individuals. 1 Identifying people who are willing to share their stories Organizations must also be both ethical and responsible when it comes to collecting and disseminating stories. Creating a Story Bank Many organizations that choose to collect stories house them in a centralized location called a story bank. Often, organizations will use a database or spreadsheet system to store contact information and notes on storytellers (anyone who has agreed to share his or her story), rather than relying on individual staff members to keep track of stories. A centralized, easily accessible story bank can come in handy when a member of the media expresses an interest in talking to a “real person,” or when the organization wants to incorporate stories into its activities. 2 Developing stories (getting a full picture and verifying details) 3 Disseminating stories publicly Below, we provide a brief overview of these three steps. An organization may choose to handle all three steps itself, or it may choose to partner with a third-party organization to accomplish some of that work. For more comprehensive information about how to create a story bank program, see our Story Bank Toolkit (http://familiesusa.org/story-banktoolkit) and our brief, How to Create a Successful Story Banking Program (http://familiesusa.org/sites/ default/files/product_documents/storybank_brief_ final_web_0.pdf). Organizations need to remember that, before they share stories publicly or connect consumers to story sharing opportunities, they should dedicate time to vetting and fact-checking stories. This process, while sometimes time-consuming, ensures that stories that are publicly disseminated are true and accurate, which can save organizations and storytellers from potential embarrassment. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 3 1 Identifying People Who Are Willing to Share Their Stories One of the easiest ways for organizations to create a story bank is to begin by identifying people who are willing to share their stories. If an organization wants to collect stories on a specific topic, it should “go to where the people are.” If an assister organization wants to create a story bank focused on assistance or enrollment, it should figure out how to integrate story collection into places when and where the organization interacts with consumers who are applying for coverage. Collecting stories can happen in two ways: »» Through digital collection methods: for example, a web form, an email campaign, or social media »» At in-person activities: for example, during face-toface interactions like an appointment, a meeting, a conversation at an event, or a phone call Any information that is collected or submitted, including contact information and a brief description of the story (called a “story lead” or “lead”), can then serve as the basis for follow-up interactions. 2 Developing Stories Before sharing a story publicly, an organization must “develop” the story. That means gathering a complete picture of the circumstances of the experience the storyteller is sharing with your organization. This is done by conducting a more in-depth interview to flesh out elements of the story, verify information, and check details in the story against publicly available information. For stories that involve eligibility for particular benefits or programs, it is especially important to clarify which program an individual is eligible for, the specifics of that person’s benefits, and whether he or she has experienced any trouble post-application. Any information that is collected or submitted, including contact information and a brief description of the story, can then serve as the basis for follow-up interactions. Storytellers, especially those with low health insurance literacy, may unknowingly misrepresent parts of their story. For example, they may claim that they are “ineligible for Obamacare,” when in fact they fall into the Medicaid coverage gap. Alternatively, they may make a statement that their “Aetna insurance is free,” when in fact they are covered by Medicaid and receive care through a managed care organization. While neither of these claims is factually inaccurate, they do not accurately describe the situation the storyteller is experiencing. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 4 Developing a story allows an organization to ensure that any story it shares is accurate and based on facts. An interview can also tease out details of an individual’s experience and help bring clarity to the story before any storytelling opportunity. To allow enrollment assisters to focus on their primary responsibility of providing enrollment assistance, it can be more efficient to rely on other dedicated staff members to develop and vet stories. 3 Disseminating Stories Publicly As soon as an organization starts to develop stories, it can begin incorporating the voices of storytellers in its work. There are countless ways that personal stories can strengthen an organization’s activities, from their public communications to their outreach efforts. The following is a partial list of how organizations that perform enrollment assistance can highlight stories: »» Working with the media »» Creating testimonials or short videos describing the importance of enrollment assistance »» Incorporating stories into public education and outreach materials »» Asking storytellers to share their stories at inperson events, such as town hall meetings or outreach events Organizations should think creatively about how they want to engage in storytelling throughout their in-reach (which involves current clients, patients, or supporters), outreach (which involves new clients, patients, or supporters), and public education efforts. Whether storytellers publicly share their stories themselves or an organization shares their stories on their behalf, organizations should talk to storytellers before each story sharing opportunity, and storytellers should know how, when, and where their stories will be highlighted. Ethical Story Collecting and Sharing If an organization chooses to engage in story collection and story sharing, it must take every precaution to ensure that it engages in these activities ethically. This means ensuring that stories are factually accurate and based on true accounts, and that storytellers are active, willing participants in the public dissemination of their stories. It can be tempting to share stories from which identifying characteristics have been removed (such as a storyteller’s name) or through creating composites. However, to engage in ethical storytelling, it is necessary to stay grounded in accurate, verifiable stories about real people. Furthermore, storytellers should always remain the owners of their stories. They must always give their permission before their story, likeness, or contact information is shared, even if they have already shared their experience with an organization. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 5 Organizations must develop protocols to support storytellers from the point of collection all the way through public storytelling opportunities and beyond. Publicly sharing a story can be a daunting prospect for some storytellers. It’s important for organizations to show storytellers that they are not alone in any story sharing opportunity, and to make sure that they are comfortable throughout the process. Organizations can do this by: »» Working with storytellers before any storytelling opportunity to provide guidance and tips »» Always securing consent before sharing their stories »» Being upfront about where, when, and how the organization will disseminate their stories How Story Collection and Enrollment Assistance Intersect Organizations that provide enrollment assistance and want to collect consumers’ stories may do so through a variety of tactics. One easy way is to involve enrollment assisters in asking consumers to share their stories, since assisters have ready access to potential storytellers and already engage them in conversation. Enrollment assistance organizations can collect stories as long as they follow specific guidelines developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) that are designed to separate the process of enrollment assistance from the process of story collection. Given those guidelines, it is helpful to know the limitations of what an assister organization can and cannot collect, and when. Assister organizations must take a few additional steps regarding consumer consent before they can collect stories. Assisters who engage in story collection must follow a two-step consent process. Assisters must: 1. Receive consent to access the consumer’s personally identifiable information for the purpose of application assistance It’s important for organizations to show storytellers that they are not alone in any story sharing opportunity, and to make sure that they are comfortable throughout the process. 2. Request consent to collect the storyteller’s contact information and basic story for the purpose of follow-up, outreach, and story sharing In this discussion, we refer to applicants as “consumers” during the application process. When they agree to share their story, they become “storytellers.” Though they are the same individuals, this differentiation may help organizations conceptualize how to store people’s information and how the different levels of consent will work in practice. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 6 What Is PII? All organizations that deal with assisters in their story collection efforts must follow any rules regarding personally identifiable information (PII). CMS defines PII as “information that can be used to distinguish or trace an individual’s identity, such as their name, social security number, biometric records, etc. alone, or when combined with other personal or identifying information that is linked or to linkable to a specific individual...” During the process of application assistance, assisters may encounter many forms of PII, such as a consumer’s name, birth date, Social Security number, and household income.1 That’s because the marketplaces need consumers’ PII to determine their eligibility for health coverage. The Two Different Types of Consent for Enrollment Assistance and Story Collection As mentioned above, assisters who engage in story collection must follow a two-step consent process. Below, we provide more detailed descriptions of those separate consent processes. Obtaining Consent for the Purposes of Application and Enrollment Assistance Before helping consumers with application or enrollment, assisters must first discuss with consumers what the role of assisters is and how the assister organization plans A Note about Storing Consumers’ and Storytellers’ Information If an organization is subject to additional requirements regarding the storage of personally identifiable information (PII), protected health information (PHI), or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), it may need to take additional steps throughout the story collection and sharing process. These steps may include but are not limited to the storage of stories, tracking different types of storytellers in databases (consumers vs. patients vs. storytellers), and where stories can be collected. to protect and use consumers’ PII. After this discussion, assisters must receive consent from consumers to get access to and use their information to provide assistance. Assisters can obtain consumers’ authorization orally (for example, over the phone), in writing, or both. CMS has developed a sample consent form that navigators and CACs can use to obtain consumer consent in writing. Alternatively, organizations can use their own authorization form as long as it conforms to the CMS guidelines.2 Assisters are required to retain and secure a record of each consumer’s authorization for at least six years. A consumer can revoke or limit that authorization at any time. These measures are required for all assisters and are within the scope of assisters’ duties. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 7 Obtaining Consent for the Purposes of Story Collection If assisters want to ask consumers to share their stories publicly, a second type of consent is needed from those consumers before assisters can collect their information and engage in storytelling activities. Assisters already have to receive consent to help people apply for health insurance, but they have to get an additional type of consent for follow-up, including sharing a person’s story with an organization or a partner organization. Assisters who are interested in asking consumers to share their stories publicly can do so in several ways. Assisters can collect the stories themselves, or they can encourage storytellers to submit their stories on their own. The following are three basic methods for encouraging consumers to submit stories. The best method will depend on each organization’s unique situation. 1. The assister can direct storytellers to an online collection form or website to submit their stories. 2. The assister can give storytellers a paper submission form and ask them to submit the stories to a secure location themselves. 3. The assister can either fill out a submission form or ask storytellers to complete the form, and the assister can collect the forms. Note that many assisters collect only brief information for follow-up purposes instead of collecting and developing the full story at that time. This helps assisters use their time efficiently. In the first two methods, the assister needs only to refer the storyteller to a collection tool. The assister may ask the storyteller to submit a story, but the assister does not need to worry about collecting a consent form or additional paperwork himself. In the third method, however, the assister must collect a separate consent form that will cover storing and accessing personally identifiable information for additional outreach and follow-up, including any storytelling activities. This second, separate level of consent is needed for follow-up, including story collection, because these activities fall outside the assister’s role, and they are distinct from the regular duties of an assister. CMS offers the following guidance: If assisters are interested in asking consumers to share their stories publicly, they need a certain type of consent from those consumers before they can collect their information and engage in storytelling activities. “We recommend as a best practice that assisters use a document separate from any record of the authorization requirement related to FFM [federally facilitated marketplace] or SPM [state partnership marketplace] assister duties to obtain a consumer’s consent if either: 1) the purpose is outside the scope of your assister work; or 2) is not related to a state reporting requirement related to your role as assisters. This separate consent will make it easier for consumers to understand the scope of FFM/ SPM assister duties and how their PII will be used in the context of the organization’s FFM/SPM assisterrelated services.”3 COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 8 Overview of the Process for Obtaining Consent 4 This diagram shows how a conversation might flow Explain to consumer the roles and responsibilities of an assister 1 Help consumer begin application and walk through the process with the consumer 2 3 Receive authorization to provide application assistance and to use PII for the purposes of application and enrollment assistance (1st level of consent, use CMS [or modified] form] Collecting PII for story banking should be done in a process that is separate from collecting PII for application and enrollment assistance. Story collection most often comes at the end of a consumer’s appointment, or once the consumer has finished the enrollment process. Placing story collection at the end of the conversation serves another purpose: By the time an application is complete, Store consumer consent forms in a safe and secure place Ask consumer if he or she would be willing to share his or her story 4 Help consumer complete enrollment 5 6 7 Receive authorization to collect story (2nd level of consent, use the organization’s consent form or other collection tools where the storyteller can provide consent) assisters will have a good sense of the individuals they have helped. They will know information about the programs those individuals qualified for, as well as their previous insurance coverage, family composition, and employment status—all pieces of information that are important to record in leads (contact information and a brief description of the story, also called “story leads”). COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 9 Example of Receiving Consent for Both Enrollment Assistance and Story Collection In a conversation where an assister is helping a consumer with the enrollment process, how does the assister ask someone if they would be willing to share their story for the purpose of story banking? Let’s look at an example: Before Angela leaves, Jay shifts the conversation. He explains to Angela that his organization is interested in highlighting the stories of people who received help filling out their application. This might include talking to the media, sharing a personal experience in promotional materials, or speaking at an event Jay’s organization is hosting. Jay is an assister who is scheduled to meet with his client, Angela. When they sit down to begin the application, Jay explains his role as an assister and the process for completing the application. Jay explains that he will be using Angela’s PII to assist in the application process. He then gets written authorization from Angela and explains that she can revoke this authorization at any time. After Angela signs the authorization form, the two begin filling out the application. Jay asks Angela if she would be willing to talk with someone at his organization in the future. She agrees, and Jay asks her to fill out a second consent form to pass along to his organization. After she fills out the second form, Jay jots down a few notes (also called a story lead) to pass along to the organization’s story bank coordinator (an individual who compiles and organizes an organization’s story bank). During the process of filling out the application, Angela and Jay get to know one another a little bit. They have some down time while waiting for components of the application to go through. Jay learns that Angela is a substitute teacher at a local elementary school and has twin teenagers who are enrolled in the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Jay submits the following: Angela learns that she is eligible for a plan with financial assistance, and Jay explains what this means for her coverage going forward. After selecting a plan, Angela thanks Jay for his help and says that she is relieved to have health insurance for the first time in years. >> Angela Myers, 43, [email protected], 123-4569876 >> Story collected by Jay Hernandez at Oakland County Health and Enrollment Fair, 1/5/2014 >> Angela is a substitute teacher in Oakland County. She enrolled in a plan with a tax credit. She is a single mom, and her two kids are on CHIP. She is “relieved to have insurance for the first time in years.” COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 10 In this example, there is a clear delineation between the application assistance process and the process of story sharing, noting how they are completely separate processes. We can see that Jay is an enrollment assister whose primary job is helping people get health coverage, but that in a separate portion of the conversation, he asks Angela if he can record her story for outreach purposes. Jay has crafted the lead to show where he met Angela, how to get in touch with her, and a basic overview of her situation. An organization may choose to request that assisters ask everyone they help to share their story. Alternatively, they may have assisters ask only certain people who meet the criteria they are looking for. In the above case, Angela indicated that she had a positive experience, and Jay found Angela’s story to be particularly compelling. Assisters who engage in story collection should make sure that consumers do not feel coerced, pressured, or like they will be treated differently for choosing to share their story. How to Introduce the Topic of Collecting Stories: Five Example Story Collection Scenarios Let’s look at five common scenarios to see how and where assisters can integrate collecting people’s stories into their organization’s work and what is required in each scenario. SCENARIO 1 A Story Is Collected at an Enrollment Event, Not during Application Assistance The scenario: At an enrollment event, the sponsoring organization has a station for consumers to share their stories after they have completed their appointment. The station has several tools for collecting stories, including written forms and a box for submissions. A staffer is at the station encouraging people to share their stories. The authorization needed to move forward: In this case, the first type of consent form is not needed, since the consumer should have already signed it during the application and enrollment process (which is totally separate from the process of collecting stories). Assisters who engage in story collection should make sure that consumers do not feel coerced, pressured, or like they will be treated differently for choosing to share their story. The only authorization form needed here can be included in the organization’s regular tools for collecting stories—whether it’s a postcard or a onepage form. However, the form should indicate that by submitting his story, the individual is willing to have someone contact him about sharing his story. This principle applies whether the organization collecting the story is the same organization that helped him with his application or if it is a third party. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 11 SCENARIO 2 An Assister Helps a Consumer Enroll and Collects His Story The scenario: A consumer contacts an organization requesting help with filling out an application to enroll in health coverage. The authorization needed to move forward: If the assister is going to help this person with enrollment and ask to record his story, the assister will need him to consent to both processes. Much like the example with Angela and Jay, any time an assister collects a story, it should be a separate process from helping someone enroll. SCENARIO 3 An Assister Needs to Make Sure the Consumer Did Not Limit His or Her Consent Initially The scenario: An organization’s assister collects a story at an event. A different individual, the “interviewer,” calls the storyteller to develop his story through an interview. In the course of the conversation, the interviewer determines that there was an issue that prevented the storyteller from enrolling successfully and he might need more help completing the enrollment process. The authorization needed to move forward: Since an enrollment assister affiliated with the organization provided the initial application help, there should already be a consent form on file, and the interviewer does not need to have the storyteller fill out a new one. The only exception is if the storyteller authorized only specific assisters to view and work with his personally identifiable information, or if he limited his consent in another way. Remember that helping someone with his application is a completely separate process from collecting his story. So, if in the process of interviewing a storyteller, an assister does discover a problem with his enrollment application, he should be referred back to the original person who helped him. SCENARIO 4 An Individual Who Agrees to Share His Story Needs Enrollment Assistance The scenario: An assister organization (Organization A) receives a story lead from a third party organization (Organization B) that features someone who needs help completing his enrollment. Because the lead is sent to an assister organization, a staffer reaches out to the person to offer help. The authorization needed to move forward: If the assister organization (Organization A) is going to both help the storyteller with his application and record his story, it will need consent for both processes. If Organization A and Organization B both provide application assistance, and they work together on story collection, Organization A will need to confirm with Organization B that the consumer consented to share his personally identifiable information with Organization A so that they can follow up with him. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 12 Since both organizations work with the consumer on application assistance, it is important to remember that each time a new assister organization works with a consumer, it has to get consent from him before moving forward in the application process. Alternatively, a person will sometimes give his “preliminary authorization” to an organization—in this instance, the organization that yours partners with (Organization B)—but this does not meet all the requirements for authorization to help with the application. So, the organization that works with the consumer on both enrollment assistance and story collection (Organization A) would have to get full authorization when it talks with him and provides application assistance. After the application process is complete, Organization A may work with the consumer to collect his story. At that point, Organization A must complete the second consent form for story collection. SCENARIO 5 Enrollment Assistance Needs to Be Provided by a Third Party The scenario: An organization (Organization C) receives a story lead, but the lead is from an individual who also needs application assistance. Organization C does not provide application assistance, so it needs to refer the individual to an organization that does (Organization D). The authorization needed to move forward: If Organization D provides application assistance but Organization C does not, Organization C should make sure that it tells the consumer that his information may be shared with a third party (Organization D) that does application assistance. This can be accomplished through a consent form for story collection or through a “terms of submission” if the consumer submits his story electronically. Because Organization C does not perform application assistance, a specific consent form to release PII is not necessary. In this case, the person at Organization C who is developing the story needs to ask the individual if he would be willing to be put in contact with an assister at Organization D. The person developing the story would need to receive consent before passing along any PII or contact information to the assister organization (Organization D). The assister at Organization D needs to maintain documentation that the consumer gave consent for the assister to contact him. If the assister helps the consumer with his application, the assister should follow normal procedures for obtaining, using, and storing his PII. Including assisters in story collection provides an incredible opportunity to raise the voices of individuals and families who have used enrollment assistance. The experiences of these consumers can help show others that they, too, might benefit from sitting down with a knowledgeable assister to walk through an application and select a plan. Any organization can engage in collecting and highlighting consumer stories, as long as they follow the proper guidelines and processes. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 13 Endnotes 1 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Best Practices for Handling Personally Identifiable Information: Fast Facts for Assisters (Washington, DC: CMS, February 2015), available online at https://marketplace.cms.gov/ technical-assistance-resources/assister-programs/bestpractices-for-handling-pii-fast-facts.PDF. 2 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, How to Obtain a Consumer’s Authorization before Gaining Access to Personally Identifiable Information (PII), available online at https://marketplace.cms.gov/technical-assistanceresources/obtain-consumer-authorization.pdf. 3 This explanation is given in response to the question, “If an assister organization would like to obtain a consumer’s consent to create, collect, disclose, access, maintain, store, or use their PII for purposes other than what is in the scope of their regular assister duties (listed as “Authorized Functions” in the Navigator and CAC privacy and security agreements, for example) is this permitted? Can that consent be included in the same document the assister uses to satisfy the consumer authorization requirement under federal guidelines?” See How to Obtain a Consumer’s Authorization before Gaining Access to Personally Identifiable Information (PII), op. cit. 4 For the first level of consent (use of CMS model authorization form or modified authorization form), assisters must maintain records of consent forms for at least six years. For more information on storing and retaining records, see Best Practices for Handling Personally Identifiable Information: Fast Facts for Assisters, op. cit., and How to Obtain a Consumer’s Authorization before Gaining Access to Personally Identifiable Information (PII), op. cit. COLLECTING CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CARE STORIES: WHAT ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO KNOW 14 A selected list of relevant publications to date: Story Bank Toolkit (February 2016) How to Create a Successful Story Banking Program (January 2015) For a more current list, visit: www.familiesusa.org/publications Publication ID: 000ENR012216 This publication was written by: Cate Bonacini, Story Bank Coordinator, Families USA Elizabeth Hagan, Senior Policy Analyst, Families USA The following Families USA staff contributed to the preparation of this material (listed alphabetically): Nichole Edralin, Senior Designer Evan Potler, Art Director Talia Schmidt, Editor Ingrid VanTuinen, Director of Editorial © Families USA 2016 1201 New York Avenue NW, Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20005 202-628-3030 [email protected] www.FamiliesUSA.org facebook / FamiliesUSA twitter / @FamiliesUSA
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