NO T E
P RE F AT O RY
This C a lend a r
an
enforced a bse n ce
o wing
to
publ i sh ed
of
the
as
I
of
in
the Chinese g ods
J a pa n
pressure
.
of
be c a use they h a ve not
b etter
.
So
I
an
send i t fo r th
wa s
wh o
'
som e
n ow
o p portunity
of
a id
to a righ t
worship m a ny gods
k now i n g
a
nything
.
H A I , November ,
not
g o i ng needles s l y
TI M O T H Y
S HA NG
But
.
,
m a y be
ttitude tow a rds the millions
it
00
9
There fore tho u gh imperfe c t
over the s a me gro u nd
a
1
,
from
d
of
H owever the p ressure
it
its public a tion m a y s a ve others
an
p rep a red during
other du ties
wished to im p rove
.
wa s
the summer
in
of
other business c ontin u ed
.
190 6
.
R I CH A R D
.
ii
3
—
.
SOM E
TH E
O F
LE
A DI N G
OD S
G
.
the Co nf u ci a n g od s the chie f a r e
H e a ven
E a rth A n c estors the god of a gric u lture th e god of r a in
Con fucius a n d K w a nti the god o f wa r
A m o ng
-
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
A mo n g
the Bu dd/z z s t gods the chief a r e S a kyamuni
A m it a bh a the G re a t Physi c i a n K wa n y i n the goddes s o f
M er c y W en S h u Pu S a in S h a nsi P u Hien P u S a i n S ze
c hu en Ti Ts a ng Pu S a i n A nhui W ei To th e g o d a t the
entr a n c e o f every Buddhi s t temple ; the p a tri a rch s M a ming
th e two c h ie f founders o f th e new B uddhism
a n d L u n g S hu
i n I ndi a a n d Ta M O the first a n d only In di a n p a tri a r c h wh o
c a me a n d lived a n d d i ed i n Chin a ; a lso Y am a (J udge V e n l o
Pl a to s M i nos ) j u dge o f the de a d brough t th r ough I ndi a a n d
the H indoo goddess D urg a The Buddhist P a tri a rch s were :
'
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’
,
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.
M ah a K a sh i a pa
A n a nd a
S h a n g n a v a su
U pa g u pta
D r i k a ta
M i ch a k a
V a su m i tr a
Buddh a n a n di
Bu ddh a m i tr a
.
P a r sh va
1
.
2
.
3
4
5
6
I ndi an
9
IO
I
I
I2
I3
.
K a pi m a r a
.
7
28
.
Ash v a g o sh a
.
15
I
27
.
P un a y a dj a
.
.
26
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.
.
Na g a rj u n a
K a n a de v a
R a h u l a ta
S a u g h a n a n di
.
.
.
.
A mong
the
.
.
S i n g h a l a pu tr a
Ba si a si ta
P u tn o m i ta
P r a dj n a ta r a
.
.
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Bodhidh a rm a
Chinese H w ei k o
S eng ts a n
Tau sin
H u n g j in
H wa i n é n g
.
‘
.
o
3
.
3
2
3
33
.
Ha k l e n a
29
r
.
.
.
25
.
a y a ta
V a su b a n du
.
24
.
.
J
23
.
S a n gk a y a sh e ta
K u m a r a da
.
.
I
22
.
.
I4
I6
2
.
I nd i a n
.
9
20
.
.
18
I
.
7
8
.
.
-
.
-
.
.
-
.
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-
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.
.
g ods the Ch i e f a re
Y u H w a ng
S h a ngti Ta i S h a n g L a o K ii u S h i wa n g m u L a o tsz
Ch wa n g tz Ch an g Ta o L in g (the fi r s t T a oi s t Pope ) L ii Tu n g
P i n K i u Ch a ng Ch un Ti en H ow (the s a ilors goddess ) a n d
Chi n g H w a ng the city god
Ta o i s t
—
,
,
,
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’
,
,
,
,
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,
iii
Th
I
.
e
E igh
t
Im m o r ta l s
f
Ch u n g L i Ch u n fi fig
h
cent
Ch
i
ef
o
the
t
B
C
4
ei g h t I mmort a l s Ha s li k e No 3 mu c h in c ommon
w ith Christi a n i ty
Ch a n g K wo fi gg 7 th a n d 8 th A D S ough t for by th e
E m p re ss W u who s e c a p it a l w a s Ta i Y u e n fu S h a nsi
:
r
a l s o c a lled
nd
bo
n
a
Lu Y e n g
F
1
%
fig
a jig
g
a bo u t A D
F
G
ot
a Chin S hih degree
ull
0
75
o f my s tic te a chi n g mo s t a ki n to Chri s ti a n ity
T s a o K u o Chi u g @1g lived a bo u t 9 th or r o th cent u r y
begg
a r le a n ing on a n iron
A
L i T ieh K w a i i
{5;
s t a ff s u mmo n ed by L a u t s z to a con ference on high
Ha n H si a n g fi fi
A nephew o f the gre a t
g 9 th century
Ha n Y u a n a tive o f H on a n
L a n Ts a i Ho
3% i n A wom a n with one foot b a re
S ent fo r by E m p ress W u
Ho H sien K n 131
a u g hter
h
c
entury
A
D
The
d
t
jfi7
o f a shopkee p e r in H un a n wh o g a ined the pe a ch o f
immort a lity
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2
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3
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F#
5
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6
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7
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8
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4
—
.
I DO L A T RY
AN D
A S TAG E
IN
N T F O R CE S O F NA TU R E
H U M A N D E VE LO P M E N T
A N CI E
,
.
This sm a l l C a lend a r gives a fa i rly a ccura te pi c ture o f
the ment a l mor a l a n d s p irit u a l condition o f Chin a to da y I t
a lso ill u str a tes a very intere s ting ph a se in hum a n develo p
m en t gwh e n fa cts a n d fa ncies were blended u ncritic a lly
to g ether W e a lso u ncriti c a lly often forg et th a t a t the
p eriod when this p roce s s o f de i fic a ti o n commenced the g a p
between conce p tions o f G od a n d m a n w a s mu c h le ss th a n
now Then it w a s only the di ffere n ce between a god (sm a l l g )
T he possibilitie s o f men a n d g od s h a d n ot been
an d man
m a pped ou t like o u r modern ch a rts into fi n ite a n d infinite
The god then w a s tho ug ht m u ch less a n d the clever m a n
then wa s thou g ht m u ch gre a ter th a n now
I n those da ys the cry wa s fo r wonder fu l t a les o f the
gods some o f them b eing v a g uely th e forces o f n a t ure a n d
the wo n der fu l t a les were s upp lied witho u t li mit m a ny o f
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iv
them of men and of gods who never e x isted even as he r o i c
men G r a du a lly there evolved a supreme g od wh ether
J upiter Brahm a n or S h a ngti with n u merous subord i n a te
gods These t a les were re c ited with improvement from ye a r
to ye a r as their birthday fe s ti vals c a me rou nd A l l such
n a tion s a s c ontin u ed to b elieve these mythi c a l stories
g radu a l l y degenerated wh i le those who sough t truth prospered
In c ourse o f time myths were discovered to be not good
feeding only ch a ff Si n c e then a gre a t c ry h a s ari s en rou nd
the world for truth The wi nnowing fa n h a s been a ppl i ed
and the c h a ff is be i ng b lown a wa y a n d only th e g r a i n s o f
tr u th rem a i n fo r mode r n c ultiv a tion Th e a lone a r e fo u nd
nourishing
.
,
,
,
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.
v
.
.
5
.
—
M O N O TH E
IS M
AND
T HE
M O D E R N F O R CE S
O F
NA T U R E
.
I nste a d of a nnu a l re ci t a ls of the deeds of the gods
M onotheists est a bli s hed the S a b b a th when regul a r te a chi ng
wa s given every seventh day
Thus tr u th g a ined strength
over error M ode r n edu c a tors give instru c tion d a ily and the
resul t i s th a t mo r e truth i s t a ught i n modern rel i g i on than
ever b efo re
Those who seek truth h a ve found th a t i nste a d o f the
empty m y ths o f the gods there a r e the re a l f a iry t a les o f
s ci ence whereby the one liv i ng a n d true G od g i ves the
tre a sures of the e a rth wh i ch a r e i ne x h a ustibl e a n d the forces
of n a ture whi c h a re infin i te to the control of earnest students
who c a rry out G od s pro c esses of love s o th a t wh a t the
Ch i nese were i n the h a b i t o f a tt ributi n g to gods a lone a r e
be i ng performed by wel l i n formed men — the fol l owers of the
O n e G o d to da y #
The di ff eren c e between present enlightened Chr i st i a n i ty
and present Ch i nese rel ig ions gener a l ly i s like the di fferen c e
whi c h e x i sts b etween G od a n d gods betw een fa c t a n d fan c ies
b etween men a n d dolls a n d between l i fe a n d death
Bu t i t
i s unwise to rid i cule C hinese idol a try a n d superstition for
th a t wi l l a rouse a nger a n d riots The te a c hin g should be
constru c tive r a ther th a n destructive W hen they b eg i n to
see pu re enlightened Christi a nity the Chinese will fl o c k to
our G o d a n d S a viour as eagerly a s they fl o c k afte r our
steam a n d e l e c trici ty #
,
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,
R E L I G I O N A N D M O RA L IT Y
To HU M A N P R O G R E SS
A ll the g re a t religions : Christi a nity , M oh a mmed a n i sm ,
J ud a ism , Con fucianism , Buddhism a n d T a oism , with the
e x c eption of H induism , perhaps m a kes c h a ra c ter the c hie f
6
TH E R E
—
.
L ATI O N O F
test of progress while Hi nduism a n d to some e x tent Con
fu c i a n i sm and other rel i g i ons dwell on supe rh um a n for c e
s u perhum a n w isdom a n d superh um a n skil l as the model a n d
i nsp i ra tion to a l l h uman p rogress
W h a t i s mora l ch a ra c ter ? The M oh a mmed a n s a ys it i s
loy a l ty to one G o d a n d M oh a m med a n d one book the K oran
The rew a rd i s he a ven a n d the pe n a l ty he l l The Confu c i a n
s a ys it i s l oy a lty to the a ncestr a l s a ges of Chin a as e x pressed i n
the Con fuci a n cl a ssi c s The rew a rd i s m a inly the respe c t o f
good Chin a men i n this l ife the pen a l ty i s the disrespe c t o f
the good men o f Ch i n a a n d some v a g ue rew a r ds a n d puni s h
ments a fter de a th The B uddhist s a ys i t c ons i sts i n entire
a bstinen c e from a n
n
d
me
t
from
f
mily
l
ife
even
from
a
a
a
y
world a ff a irs a l to g ether The rew a rd is nirv a n a parad i se
Buddh a hood The p en a l ty i s a n infin i te round o f tr a nsmigra
tion thro u gh hel l a n d a l l the sorrows of a l l forms o f e x isten c e
The H indu s a y s it i s preserv a tion of caste no interm a rr i a ge
n o e a ting together
no fe l l owship but str ic t observ a n c e o f
out wa rd ceremon i es not what most n a tions consider virt u e
that i s to be c u lt i vated
The rew a rd i s preservat i on o f
c a ste a n d fi n a l promotion to god h ead The pun i shment
is des c ent i n the ro a d o f tra nsmigration loss o f c aste and
an
e x c ommunicative system surp a ss i ng th a t of Chr i stianity
in the m i ddle ages
The T a oist says c h a ra c te r is in c on
form i ty to ta o the etern a l u nch a nging supreme l aw of the
u n i verse The rewa rd i s to become a ll wise omnipotent a n d
immort a l l i ke the gods The p u nishment i s to be at the mer c y
o f the for c es o f the universe without ability to use them for
good or to avoid them in danger
S ome o f the l e a di ng ch a r a c teri sti c s o f Ch i nese rel i g i ons
may be a lso st a ted th us
In te a c hin g the a r t of g overnment a n d re c ording a ctu a l
fa c ts with n a mes o f pl a c es persons a n d d a tes the Con fu ci a nists
t a ke the le a d a n d are the freest from fa ncie s Tho u gh their
te a c hing is most e x ce l lent in colle c tive ethics it however does
n o t g i ve the h i ghest p l a c e to sel f sa c ri fi
c e for the good of others
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Vi
I n te a ching the gre a t theory of t r a nsmigr a tion wh ich
m a kes c har a cte r th e condition o f a dvan c eme n t or r e tro g r e s
sion in the s c a l e o f e x istence th e Buddhists t a ke the le a d
A lthough Buddhism adds a se r i es o f im a g in a ry hells below
mund a ne e x isten c e a nd a se r ies o f be a u ti ful re a l m s o f th e
blessed a bove mu ndane e x isten c e it still te a c hes th a t the
highest a tt a in m ent is re a c hed by b ein g one with the O n e
M ind which is supreme over a l l a n d i n a l l yet witho u t sin
or l a wlessness S elf sa c r i fic e is the hi g hest ethic a l virtue
full y e n dor s ing the highest C h ri s ti a n do c trine
I t is a
gre a ter for c e fo r p erson a l reli g ion th a n Con fu ci a n ism
I n te a c hing the secret l a ws o f Na ture (ta o ) by whi ch men
c a n a tt a i n i mmort a lity th rou g h p hysic a l u nlimited skill in
controlling a l l the forces o f n a ture a n d in w a rding o ff a l l evil
more th a n i n mor a l a n d s pirit u a l me a ns th e T a oist t a ke the
le a d H ence a very l a rge u s e o f ch a rms o f a ll kinds fo re
st a llin g the mystic in fl uen c e o f medi aev a l Christi a n ity as wel l
a s Christi a n s c ience a n d th e fa ith he a l ing o f modern d a ys #
Con fu c i a nism i nsists on not forgetting the fo u nders of
c iviliz a tion Buddh ism insists th a t this li fe is onl y a sm a ll
p a rt o f h u m a n e x istence T a o i s m in s ists th a t there i s a
D i v i ne L a w perv a ding the universe a n d controlling li fe and
death
O n e of the l a test n ews o f morality a n d religion is the
follow i ng :
W H A T IS M O R A L IT Y ? Con formity to the gener a l op i nion
or wil l o f the m a ny
H ow a r e we to find ou t the wil l o f the m a n y ? By
a c u a inting ou rselves with them
f
a
the
v
i
e
s
f
a
cl
n
o
a
w
o
q
n a tion of a world Thi s reve a ls the fa ct th a t wh a t some
t a b oo a s hi g h ly im p roper other s a p prove a s p er fectly proper
in m a nners a n d customs in p u blic a n d p riv a te S ociology
a bounds with cou ntless e x a mple s o f this
M oder n knowled g e
ch a nges p u b lic opinion wh i c h in its t u rn c h a nges the
stand a rds o f mora lity
W H A T IS R E L I G I O N ? Conformity to the wil l of the
S uperhum a n
H ow a r e we to find it o u t ?
By a c q
u a i n ting
ourselve s with the be s t th a t is know n o f the su p erhum a n
loc a lly n a tion a l ly a n d u nivers a lly T his a l s o reve a ls the
con fl ictin g view s o f me n concer n in g G o d Com p a r a tive
reli g io n a bo u nd s with co u n tles s inst a nce s o f diversity o f
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v ii
o pi ni o n A s these public op i nion s a r e comp a red c ons ci ence
the best voice o f G o d i n m a n chooses the highest j u st a s the
This in its turn be c omes a u nivers a l
fl a me fl ie s u p w a rds
ide a l l a w giver to legisl a te fo r the good of m a nkind a s a
wh ole T hus reli g ion a nd mor a li ty a re blend ed to g ether fo r
the u p li ftin g o f hu ma nity from the mere a r b i tr a ry wi l l o f any
one m a n or r a ce to the u nivers a l most perfect ch a r a cte r o f a l l
the g ods the S upreme over a l l who is both love a n d j ustice #
T he gre a t mis s io n g a me o r j oy o f l i fe of g oo d men a n d
wome n is to im p rove the stra n g e views o f m a nkind a bout
reli g ion a n d mor a lity from a g e to a g e l a w bre a ki ng when i t is
loc a l a n d p a rti a l a n d l a w m a kin g when they fu lly con form to
the p erfect ide a l o f helpmeet s which G o d i nte n ded them to be
by their creation This a pp lies a like to individu a l m e n a n d
women a n d to v a st em p ires F riendly obli g a tions ce a se
whe n one p a rty fa il s to be a helpmeet or wh en it m o no po l ises
p rivile g es witho u t rega rd to the wel fa re o f others The
o pen do o r o f g oo d wil l to a l l on e q
u a l term s a lone c a n
promote p riv a te h a rmony or universa l p e a c e Th e c a re ful
re a der wil l see here a new sol u tion fo r m a ny modern p robl ems
a n d a mong s t them one w a
n d th e
delivering
th
e
ho
p
eless
a
o
f
y
needless p oor by sta m p ing ou t monopo ly o f c i ty l a nd a n d a ll
#
corners by the fe w a t th e e x p en s e o f the m a ny j u st a s we
ruthlessly st a mp o u t p ira cy a n d hi gh w a y robbery
H ow one m a n m a y convert million fol lowers fr o m po l y
theism to monothei s m a n d from l o w monothei s m to the
highest known in mor a lity a n d rel i g ion to da y is shown i n
the a uthor s book on the subj ect
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7
—
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F A S TI N G
AN D
BA P TI S M
The wonder fu lly widespre a d doctrine o f tr a n s migra tion
s u pposed to be directed u nder M inos (V enl o ) the king o f
H a des a n d hi s ten a ssist a nt j udges m a kes the believers feel
th a t by ea ti ng fl e s h they m a y be e a ting some o n e who wa s
formerly a h u m a n bein g pos s ibly a friend a rel a tive or even
a n a nce s tor
there fore the ide a fills the mind with horror
Thi s ide a no u rished fo r thou s a nds o f ye a rs h a s p rodu c ed a
g ener a l p ublic o p inion a mo n g p olythei s ts i n A si a th a t to be
in e a rne s t a bo u t religio n o ne must g ive up me a t i f not
a lto g ether
a t le a st on holid a ys a n d o ften twice a month a t
new m oon a n d f u l l moon
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viii
The word veget a r i an i s too often used by some as a
d i sp a ra g i ng term for the non Chr i sti a n religious m a n where a s
i n re a lity these a re the most devout a n d sincerest people i n
the l a nd th e worthy to whom Christ c omm a nded his dis c iples
to preach the gospel first
I t is also found by e x perien c e that one c onvert from this
c l a ss of men i s worth 2 0 f r om the othe r c l a sses for i n add i tion
to the i r veget a r i a n i sm a l a rge num b er o f them h a ve se c retly
i mbi bed mu c h o f the mystic te a ch i ng of Christi a nity wh ich
the bi g o tte d perse c uting Confuci a nists would not tolerate
The Christ i a n truth b rough t to Chin a by the M a h ay a na
B uddhism b y Nestori a ns and by earl y C a tholi c s is fo u n d
deeply imbibed in the i r secret te a c h i ng I t only needs the
symp a thet ic sp i r i tu a l eye to see it u nder a heathen g a rb
Con fu ci a n i sm a n d Budd h ism a like i n c ommo n w ith
C hristian i ty d well on the ne c es s i ty o f b a thing before wo rsh i p
so a s to h a ve a n out wa rd fitting e x pressio n of the c le a n sing
o f the he a rt i n
approa c h i ng th e supe r h um a n There is
however o n e very m a rked di ff eren c e b etween the Christian
a n d non C hrist i an rite
I n the Christi a n b a ptis m the ceremony
is only performe d on c e indic a t i n g c hange of a llegian c e a
turning a w a y forever from de a d idols to the service of the
liv i ng G od wh il e i n the non Christi a n rite the worshippers
b a the themselves afresh b e fore ea c h a c t of solem n worship
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-
,
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8
S T A TI S TI CS
st i ll i n the statisti c s
—
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I t i s am a z i ng to fi nd
of the re li g i ons
of the worl d g i ven b y em i nent st a t i sti c i a ns i n E u rope a n d
A me r i c a th a t Buddhism h a s 5 00 mil l ion followers wh ile the
fo l lowe r s of Con fuci a nism and T a oism are a ltogether i g nored
A l though the Chinese a r e p a rti a l bel i evers i n a l l the three
re l i gi on s— Confuci a nism Buddhism a n d T a o i sm the followers
of a l l the three c ombi ned do not a mount to more th a n a bout
f
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etween
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a r e o f ea c h of the three reli g ions in Ch i n a it i s cert a in th at
the most numerous a r e Con fuci a nist a n d the le a st numerous
a r e the T a oists there fore the Buddhis ts only occu p y the second
pla c e i n Chin a A s an e s tim a te the ordin a ry st a tistics sho u ld
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M O N O TH E
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D AY
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Fes tiva l
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A s ce ns io n o f two Ta oi s t s a i n t s
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11
The birthd a y o f the presidi n g j udge o f th e 4 th
L
[ 1E I E
Co u r t o f H a d es
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the K i n g o f
See 1 m 5
a
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S
c
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to
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1
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th ei r i ma ges
n fi g fi The Ta oi s t s a i n t P a o teh s bi r thd a y a l so o n 23 rd
The go dess o f wa ters
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S
E C O ND
M OON
5
.
DAY
22
.
D
Sacrifice
to
Heaven
in
the
Han
dynasty
A
5
6
%f
The birthday of the Buddhist saint Pu Hien
Buddha
bh
a dra or Samanta Bhadra
See
4
m
21
(
)
The birthday of General Ma one o f th e 4 Prime
ministers o f Y ii Huang the chie f god o f the Taoists
l
fi g ifi
fi Sacrifice to the god o f horses in the Ming dynasty
See 8 th m 2 8
In 1 04 1 the E mperor got the inside walls of
one o f h i s palaces painte d with scenes from history and
the m inisters were admitted to see them See 2 3
i
Sacrifice
to
E
arth
at
iang
n
in
the
Han
L
Y
fi
fi
fi ifif
fi
dynasty A D 5 6
o
The
birthday
of
the
Tao
st
King
of
Pure
J
i
i
j
fl
fif i
y
fi
fi
country (God o f Hea v en ) whose q
ueen is called fifi fi A
the V irtuous L ady Con q
ueror also called o f starry dwell
M
a a dh a
ing
See
3
3
In
( g
)
Taoist
saint
S
i
i
s
birthday
Ag;
A D 6 4 3 famous men were painted on the walls
of o n e of the imperial palaces See 23
E
The
mpress
of
Heaven
otherwise
called
e
f fi fifl g
became o n e o f the immortals She wa s 6 th daughter o f
a small sub district m andarin n amed L i u Y uen in Foo
chow born in A D 9 7 9 She is largely worshipped by
southern sailors and is supposed to appear often in red
robes See 3 m 2 3
The E ternal Holy Mother (Taoist) became
incarnate
.
-
22
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
25
.
.
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.
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.
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26
.
28
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
RE L I G I OU S
C H I NE SE
6
T HI R D
In
CA L END A R
M OO N
.
.
thi s m o on s a cr ifi c es a re offer e d a t th e gra ves
I t h a s b een so fr om a n c ien t t im e s
.
.
D AY
1
.
.
fi fi ffiffigfi
‘
he birthday of the j udge of the second Court
of Hades
Taoist saint L u h Siu ching s birthday
Bathing o r baptism day to wash away a l l evils
a custom o f the Cho w dynasty long before Confucius
See 2 m 2 5
Sacrifice to the discoverer or inventor o f silk i n
the Sui dynasty (A D 5 8 9
The E mpress took 1 2
ladies with her to a place three li north of the city and
worshipped there
The Taoist sai n t Chin Woo s festival born A D
5 89
He was born from h is mother s side as E ve from
Adam s r i b Stars appeared in the heave n s and flowers
sprang u p 011 the earth with unusual fr grance L ight
shone from his body and the so i l wa s changed in to gold
and precious stones
In 1 4 4 6 the heroic
Commander i n Chief;
dukes marq
uises and earls to the number o f about 20
petitioned — We are only ignorant soldiers and do not
u nderstand liter a ture
will your Majesty appoint a day
when we might attend the National College and hear the
lectures
The 3 r d day o f the 3 r d moo n wa s fi x ed and on
that day the Nobles arrived bringing with them wi ne for
sacrifice The Professors gave a lecture each At the
close they sat down together to a feast The Commander
wanted to go but the Pro fessors kept him saying they
.
2
3
.
.
-
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.
,
.
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.
,
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.
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.
.
,
,
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.
.
,
.
TH I R D
D AY
MO O N
.
.
wou ld have their students to s i ng the deer song and so
they parted i n h i gh glee
B The E mperor Y i i s birthday B C 2 00 o dd
A birthday of a Buddhist go d called the E lder
The b i rthday o f Y ama the ch i ef j u dge of Hades
h
The
birthday
of
the
j
udge
of
the
Court
6
t
o
f
fi
E
E
fl
F
fi
nz
E
Hades
The Taoist saint Y i n disappeared in a white
cloud A D 15 1
@ g a g Chang Tao L ing the first Taoist Pope made
Minister of works A D 4 3 2 Celebrated in Foochow on
the 13 th
O n e o f the gods o f the five cardinal points
See 1
,
’
5
,
.
6
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
‘
,
'
.
9
.
,
10
.
.
.
.
,
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.
m 10
.
.
l l
.
heat
birthday
according
to
the
country
of
Chia
W
£
Ting i n Kia n gsu
Feast o f Kiu Chang ch u n a celebrated Taoist i n
Shantung The golden Tartars se nt a Minister to the Sh i
H i a dynasty on the occasion i n 1 2 17 See 7 m 1 2
Chang tao l i ng s birth at Foochow See 10
a y o f an evil deity W u Tao
h
e
T
birthd
See 5
f
fi
i
fi fif
fl
m 8
The \Vater Scripture Commentary spe a ks o f the
king and ministers leaving their home at n ight o n this
day and being met by the four heavenly kings when the
ai r was full of deva s scattering fragrant flowers from
heaven
Birthday of the great god o f medicine
The Taoist Huen Tan s birthday who flourished about
the end of the Y i n dynasty
The ch ief Taoist god calls together all the gods and
preaches to them
The birthday o f the Hindu go ddes Ch u n ti (Tdh u n di
D urga M a r i tc h i )
See 5 m 1 5 ; 1 2 In 24
5 51
5
5
,
.
13
.
-
,
.
*
.
15
.
.
.
’
.
.
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.
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.
,
.
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.
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.
C H I NE
8
D AY
16
SE
R EL IGIOU S
CA L E
ND A
R
.
o
f
n
o
f
Birthday
Chao
the
four
Prime
o
e
g
g
fi fifi fi fi
fim
ministers o f the god Y i i Hwang See 6 m 1 6
In 7 5 1 the E mperor appointed the E astern
Sea to be ruled by the D ragon king Kwang Teh the
Southern Sea by D ragon king Kwang L i th e Western
Sea by D ragon king Kwang Y ii n and the Northern Sea
b v D ragon ki n g Kwang Tseh ; they were to rule th e
mountains as well J ust as the P epe di v ided the world
between Spain and Portugal
D
A
7
2
0
This
is
the
day
i
n
whe
n
a
Tutor
memo
+ fi§é fi
r i a li z ed to ha v e 1 0 sitti n g images of the chief disciples o f
Confuci u s and the 7 2 disciples painted o n the wall O i the
Confucian temple
D
f
n
Birthday
the
hite
rago
The
people
o
f
W
o
a
fi
g
as
Hing E u i n Chekiang owing to thunder and white clouds
O ften appearing o n o n e of thei r mountains call these white
clouds the White D ragon
5
In
The
goddess
of
E
arth
See
14
[5
The birthday of th e god of the Central Mountain
e
n Ping a general who fell in the struggle
wh o was [w
W
as
between the Y i n and the C h ou dynasties See 2 m 6
Festival i n honour o f three Taoist b rothers
o f the southern suburbs of
Wei Y ang wh o gave u p
early emoluments and became genii See 10 m 3
f
The
r
t
h
d
f
the
ueen
o
Heaven
said
to
be
a
i
b
a
o
v
3 615
deified woman named L i n o f the pro v ince o f Fukien
See 2 m 2 9
The sceptres o f authority in the temple of Con
fue i us at K ii fu hien in Shantung were formerly O f wood
after A D 1009 they are to be of j ade
A goddess petitioned for O ffspring
d
of
N
ot
o
Birthday
of
the
celebrated
war
c
fi
j fifi
g
much worsh ipped now See 1 m 2
The
festiv
l
the
s
i
x
evil
deities
e
x
ercising
o
a
f
fl
i
,
fi k ifl
’
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-
,
.
17
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18
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23
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25
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26
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27
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a
T H I RD M O O N
D AY
9
.
.
their powers respectively over heaven earth year month
day an d hour
o
f
f
h
The
festival
the
j
udge
the
Cou
rt
of
o
7
t
fi
fi
fi
k u fi
{
Hades
ng
O
The
birthday
f
Tsa
chie
h
a
inister
of
m
i
g g
Buhi wh o i n vented Chinese chara cters
See 9 m 1 8
Birthday O f go d O f Tai Shan a mountain in Shantung
called also th e E astern o n e o f the fi ve great mountains
It is a posth umous title O f one o f the adherents o f the Y i n
dynasty See 2 m 6
,
,
27
.
Q
,
,
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28
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,
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,
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,
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.
C HI N ES E
10
F
In
R E L IGIOU S
CA L E ND A R
O U R TH M OO N
thi s m oo n s a cri fi c es
a re
.
.
m a d e to th e go d o f r a i n
.
DA Y
1
.
The image o f Sh i k i a m u u i Buddha is carried out
O f the Pagoda all round the city O f K a i fu n gfu the capital
o f Honan in order to ward O ff evil influe n ces
f
f
8
Feast
o
the
j
udge
o
the
th Court O f Hades
i
A ggfififi gfigfi
The festival of an ancient statesman probably
beloved by the good and hated by the evil
Wen Shu P usa s bi rthday who is the chief god at
Wutai in Shansi (M a n dj usr i )
The Taoist saint Sze from H e ng Mountai n
ascended to heaven rid ing o n a leopard
n g B uddha
1
The
ceremony
of
baptisi
See
m
2
8
ffiffig
u
a
h
i
h
ki
n
i
s
birthday
See
2
ln
8
m
S
E]
fi g;
This was a present from the S i n lo country I t
was called a mountain of myriad Buddhas because it h a d
innumerable Buddhas beautifully car ved and though the
largest was only a n inch high st i ll so perfectly were they
carved that o n e co u ld see even their eyebrows D i ff erent
kinds O f trees and buildings and lakes were also represent
ed There we r e a bou t a thousand Buddh i sts at worship
30low there wa s a bell about 3 inches in size
\Vh en ever
this wa s struck the thousand Buddhis ts knelt and struck
their heads ag ins t the ground Sanscrit sou nds were
em i tted by the bell and it shone on all around
The f stiv l of the three realms (Tr a i l o k ga )
The festival o f the ju dge o f the 9 th Court o f
,
,
.
.
.
4
’
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7
.
.
8
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a
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e
a
.
.
C H I NES E
12
REL IGIO US CA LEN DA R
.
DAY
The festi val of the j udge o f the l 0th Court o f
Hades which regulates transmigration
The Taoist saint Pih Hia s birthday
The
festi
val
of
Hwa
To
of
the
Han
dyn
sty
a
asm
g
fi m
gfi
who wa s deified o n account of his medical skill
The festival of the great ruler o f the north pole
constellation com memorates fifi Ch i the eldest son of King
Wen j :o f the Chow dynasty See 5 m 1 5 ; 6 m 6
’
f
Birthday
f
the
lady
guardian
Goodness
o
S
e
e
o
Mg aaA
.
18
’
.
.
.
.
19
.
.
.
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.
.
.
1
20
.
In
13
.
.
Festival
fi
fl fij t g a fi
diseases
of
a female divinity
can cure eye
wh o
.
21
.
the National College wa s enlarged
In the Han dynasty there were 1 800 houses with 3 000
students In the Tang there were 1 200 houses but in
the Sung there were only 200 therefore the e x tension wa s
necessary
The B uddhist god P u Hien s b irthday See 2 m 2 2
Festi v al of the Buddhist saints (devas) of all the
heavens bes towers o f child ren
Birthday of a petty Mandarin from Y a ngchow
wh o was slain by the rebels at the fall of the Han dynasty
and was then deified under th is name
D
A
4
7
i
n the province o f Haoling
there
were
noises
9
i
;
j
heard i n the air and two great lights wh ich fell to the
ground O n e was like an ancien t bell and the other
regardi ng them a s belonging to the gods they were wor
shipped
The
Great
Physician
s
birthday
one
the
Buddhist
o
f
f
fi
fi fi
fi
holy trio with Amitabha i n the centre called i n Foochow
#
e
ll n
u
a
Sh
n
N
o
S
pposed
also
by
some
t
be
I
% %
fit
g
See 2 6
A D 104 4
.
.
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24
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F
IF T H
M O ON
F IF TH
In th i s m o o n
13
.
MOON
s a cri fi c es
are
m a d e to th e go d
o f a gr i c ul ure
t
D AY
1
.
.
.
.
The
Taoist
Ping
Chung
chieh
scended
to
hea
v
en
a
fi fifi
riding on a D ragon i n broad daylight A D 3 4 5
The festi val of the god of the E x treme South
u
Fi
ve
Taoist
gods
who
r
le
o
v
er
summer
dise
ses
a
g
fi
fi
fi fi fig
i n Foochow
l st to 5 th da y
called also i ffl fi
and
The
dragon
b
oat
Z
E
i
fi
festival
The day when the Turks sent a minister to sacri
fice to their gods in their ancient homes (A D 5 8 9
Fes tival of o n e of the five evil S pirits who ca uses
various diseases i n children See 3 m 13 z 8 m 13
The Taoist saint L i S wang Y i i s birthday He
found the golden pill of immortality
Festival of the D ragon god one of the five
cardinal gods See 1 m 7
éféfi
fibfig w Sacrifice to the capital city god Ching Hwa n g
o rdered in the begi i mi n g of the Ming dynasty See 7 m 25
Festival of Ping L ing son o f the god of Taishan
ca lled
when statesman o f the Chow dynasty See
2 m 6
figi g I n Y ochow i n Hunan it is said this is the day when
the D ragon was born
Sacrifice to Kwanti the god o f war His horse s
stature wa s 2 0 feet high and his long sword 8 0 catties i n
weight See 6 m 24
Festival o f general Kwan Pi ng of the Sa n Kuo
period and son of Kwanti the god of war See 5 m 1 3
Zli
l
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5
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8
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10
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13
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C H INES E REL IGIOU S C A LEN D A R
14
D AY
13
.
14
.
15
.
.
Festi val
a Taoist god of children
In A D 1 12 3 sacrifice to E arth See 3 m 18
A D 1095
Sacrifice to the Great Bear god
# fifl j fl
l
f
Festival
O
f
the
mother
o
the Hind u goddess
fl fi
fi
Ch u n ti See 3 m 1 6
f i flgéf fi o r afifl fififl c This is the day when Hea v en and
E arth u nite ; men and women should keep apart on it
The birthday of o n e of the Y u lai Buddh a s
2
9
Tathagata
See
m
1
m
6
1
0
1
;
(
)
The b irthday o f Ch a p g Tien sh ih the first Taoist
pope His successors li ve in agfi m the mountains of
All his successors to this
L ung Hu i n Kia n gsi provi nce
day m ust b e o f the same surname 10 m 20
The Taoist Hi i Su n k ii and h is family 4 2 persons
i n all flew to heaven together This wa s i n A D 1112 at
Hu n ch o w i n Kweichow
The Taoist Chung L i See 4 In 1 5
The Taoist saint Y ang W en K wang a scended to
heave n stepping o n white stones
The festival o f th e western mother goddess
The festi val o f Ta oist saint h Ia Tan Y ang
f
f
Birthday
of
a
statesman
the
Tang
dy
n
asty
o
E f fi gé fl f ffi
who wa s deified
of
.
.
.
.
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.
»
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16
.
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17
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-
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18
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29
’
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SI# T H M O O N
S I #T H
DAY
1
15
.
M OO N
.
.
Birthday o f We i To god at the entrance of most
Buddhist temples Said also to be a statesman o f th e
Chow dynasty
Festival of a Buddhist god much worsh ipped
in Foocho w
fi fi fi A D 9 7 0 Sacrifice was made to the god o f the
Southern sea
The
preaching
of
the
law
i
n
the
Buddhist
fifi
é gfi
fi
fi
yfl
fi
Southern I ron Tree Continent (Dj a mbudvi pa )
T sui F u k i i n s birthday He was o rgi n a lly
from ifi
lfJHCh i Chow a district m a gistra te n d afterwards
canonized a s the loc al god of th e earth Said also to be
o n e of the attenda n ts in Hades who hu rries o n
the j udg
ments
Festival o f a King o f Hades wh o g i ves j udg
ment o f l i fe or death
Birthd a y of a man fro m the province o f
Kiangsi deified for h is filial piety
E
Sacrifice
to
mperor Y ao s two daughters
fl
fl
fi fififi
N
Birthday
of
orth Pole god See 4 m 1 8 5 m 1 5
:
fi
fi
h
[ t
Birthday o f Han Siang tsz e one of the E ight
Taoist genii
A
D
1
0
0
In
8
more
revelations
from
Hea
v
en
seen
E
i n clouds and forests near Taishan in Shantung
The Buddh i st Kin S u Y u L ai s festival See
5 m 16
Birthday o f the Taoist saint L i u Hai
l
l
y
i
j f fi tfl fififigfififi Festi val o f the go d o f wells fountains and
subtle influences
E Eigg
fi
‘
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3
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4
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6
’
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8
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10
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’
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12
t
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,
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C H I N ES E
16
13
The festival
.
12
14
.
R EL IGIO US CA LEN D A R
m
of
.
the god of carpenters
See
.
20
.
.
D
6
E
o
In
1
3
the
mperor
ascending
the
th
rone
A
1
n
yea rs
went to pray to Hea v en and E arth Ancestors and the
Spirits o f the E mpire at Tien King Kwan
The Taoist saint Tung Hwa s birthday
i
D
7
m
u
s
c
In
A
1
the
at
Tai
Shan
for
the
gods
4
é
fiifl fl ffi
o f Heaven and spirits o f E arth was regulate d
A Taoist d ivinity Prime minister to Y ii
Hwang See 3 m 1 6
i
i
The
white
robed
Kwan
the
oddess
Y
n
G
o
f
fl
a fi gfig m
mercy appeared The god of music (Weights a n d Mea
sures) appeared i n the sky and said that Heaven h a d
called for music and commanded the god to rai n heavily
The farmers hastened to get in their wh eat
o n the 20th
and it did rain heavily on the 20th The E mperor h eari ng
o f i t ordered the worship o f the god o f music
The god of m u sic
Festival o f a Taois t go d who guards children
and shoots the celestial dog ; worshipped i n Foochow
In A D 9 8 9 a bel l was discovered in Hunan
Cha n gsha fu Hsing Y i n hien with 8 3 words which
could n o t be read
The festival o f the Buddhist saint Ma Ming
f
A
the
ounder
o f the Mahayana school who
sh v a go sh a
(
)
l ived in the fi rst century o f the Christian era
o
f
Festival
to
Kwanti
the
god
war
See
Efig fifi fi
fl
5 m 13
The festival of the go d of fi re who is said to ha v e
bee o rgi n a lly
L o S ii a n a Taoist sage and s u ppor ter
o f the Y i n dynasty
See 4 In 10
Festival of a Taoist god
Festival o f the god o f horses
.
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,
,
15
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16
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-
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19
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20
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22
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23
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24
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n
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SI # T H M O O N
DA Y
17
.
t
h
o f thunder
The
birthday
of
e
god
His
chief
fi g mgfi
temple is in the province of Kwangtung where a woman of
that district fou nd an egg more than a foot arou nd and
carried it hom e O n e day it split with a noise like thunder
and liberated a child Her fello w townsmen erected a
temple to commemorate th e prodigy a n d the place is called
L u i Chou fu
z
3
i
F
e
te
of
the
b
rothers
genii
peace
o
f
i
3m
l
j
j
fl
é gfih fl fl fi
l fif
jq
t
ifi
f
Birthday
o
the
nephew
of
the
supreme
Efifi
fg fi fl fl
god Y i i Hwang
The Taoist saint Ching L i ang s birthday
f tg fi tfifi Festival of Fi g Han Sheng a m inister o f the
last days of the Y i n dynasty who was deified as god of o n e
o f the constellatio n s
o f O u i ur country h a d in
The Manicheans
g
A D 8 06 a temple built fo r them with a tablet j q
f§ j b
i n the capital
‘
.
.
.
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'
,
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'
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’
.
29
.
.
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,
18
CHINE
REL IGIO US CA LE N D ER
sE
S EV E N T H
thi s m o on
In
DAY
1
.
l i fe
th
.
Ta n g
e
d th e
an
M OO N
.
dy n a sty s a c rifi c ed to th e go d o f l o n g
Li a n g dy n a sty o fier e d fi r st fr u i ts
.
.
Festi val of the death of L a u tsz See 12 In 1 6
In A D 83 6 a catalogue of books wa s m a de a n d
the o ld and new numbered
volumes
I n A D 1 08 6 the ten subjects of e x aminations were
appointed viz : 1 Practice o f righ teousness 2 Self control
uaintance with th e
3 Coura ge 4 Intelligence 5 Acq
classics 6 E x tensi ve learning 7 Style 8 L a w 9 Fina n ce
1 0 Gover n ment
f
E
In
the
time
mperor
Han
B
C
o
u
1
4
0
6
8
W
r
¥j
§§
fij
when the E mperor was at worsh ip a bird flew from the
West The E mperor asked his o fficer what bird it wa s
He replied th e q
ueen o f W estern Hea v en is about to come
to visit y o u make ready That very night S he appeared
f
The
ueen
the
estern
Heavens
came
with
a
o
W
i i i /t
q
thousand heavenly hosts attending her She sent for
the chief lady and gave her a map o f all the mountains
But the lady answered unless I have th e proper charms
it is no use
U pon th i s the ueen of Heaven ordered her
heavenly attendants to fetch these all powerful charms and
give th em to her ; after which sh e was asked to control all
the hosts of heaven and imps of earth
The Taoist saint Wang Tsz Kiao is said to have
become immort a l riding o n a wh ite stork
The Taoist saint Tao An kung rides off to i m
mortality o u a red dragon
A D 4 4 1 Hwa n gti s Yi n F a ki n g was received
It contains 3 00 sentences 100 about religion 100 about
.
.
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6
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,
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-
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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-
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-
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’
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—
,
C HI NE S E
20
D AY
15
.
REL IGIOU S CA LEN D ER
.
.
amo n g the many thousands who co me to Scram b le fo r
them But th is t h rowing o f foo d among the crowds i s
said to be for the b enefit o f h ungry ghosts (U lla mba n a )
—
m
The
two
great
Taoist
gods
Tai
Shang
L
a
K
i
o
t
i
g
h fl
E
and Y uen Shih tien tsun together bless the world
Fa
The
festi
al
to
the
second
of
the
three
Taoist
originals
v
l
See 1 m 9
Birthday of
Chang P 0 o f
\Vu ling
who wa s m ade a Taoist god
Festi val of the mother o f the three i f; Y uan
See 1 m 9
The b irthday o f the Heavenly ueen of the West
Shi
ang
M
n
W
(
)
Beginning o f the kalpa of the sages d uri ng
wh ich 1000 Buddhas will appear
Y in
Festival o f the ruli n g deity of 18 7 1
i
Y
n
Chiao a general o f the E mperor #
Chou
of
the
3
dynasty There are 60 ruling deities one fo r each year
of the cycle
Birthday o f he B uddhist Patriarch P u An He
li ved in the S u n g dynasty See 11 m 27
In A D 7 6 1 the plant of immortality wa s found
growing on one of the palace bea ms and all ministers come
to present it with songs
Festival to the god of riches
A Taoist god Cha n g s festi v al
o
f
Festival
a
great
god
peer
of
Heave
n
fl
f
f
g
fi
fi
fi
fl
In L anki hsie n in K i n Hwa fu in Chekiang there
i s a gathering o f boys and girls led by their elders to the
temple to worship ; they sca tter paper and b eat cymbals for
three days
Festival to the city god Ching H uang which has
#13
a temple in every city i n the E mpire See 5 m 1 1
Birthday o f a Ta o i st saint f fifiAn Chi of Kua n g chou
.
.
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24
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,
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S EVENT H M OO N
DAY
21
.
.
Festival of th e famous B uddhist patriarc h
Na ga r gu n a one of the founders of the Mahaya y a School
Festi
v
al
of
a
Taoist
worthy
named
See
fi j fifi g gfi
8 m 1
Sacrifice to the god of wi nd and rai n according to the Tang
dynasty
i fifi f ffi The Buddhist god Ti Tsa n g s birthday [ Y ama
Incense and candles are burnt on the g round and i n
lanterns o n the water
figffifi ffiflg
.
,
‘
.
27
.
.
.
30
.
’
.
C HI N ES E
22
REL IGI O U S C A LEN D ER
HT H M O O N
E IG
0n th e
fi rst T
da y
1
.
.
th is m o on s a cri fi c e is ma d e
Co n fuciu s
of
to
D AY
.
.
.
Sacrifice to th e fou nders of medicine e g Hwa n gti and
Ki Peh
F é te o f a Taoist worthy named
Sun of Na n
changfu capital of Kiangsi province
3
1
A
Festival
f
the
Golden
rmour
orthy
o
W
@ 1 sag a
s
Festival to the local deities o r gods o f th e land
i i g ffi The kitchen god s birthday He is also called fig
Changtan
f
o
f
Feast
of
the
incarnation
the
Great
Bear
itsel
sm
i tT lS
fim
He is also called
H uang Tien Seang (High
Heave n s good favour ) who died wh ile supporting the Y i n
dynasty See 1 2 m 1 5
The milleni u m feast established i n A D 7 29 when
all the ministers o f state were feasted The h igher ones
o f 4 th rank and upwards were presented with gold mi rrors
There was music and 104 horses da n c l n g to it These
feasts were repeated o n the E mperor s birthday
# W en C h u ng prime minister
Festival o f B
ald
of the last King o f the Y i n dynasty and who died i n
defence of it
:
Festi v al o f the Northern Mountain god He
[t j
was
Tsui Y ing a general who died i n the struggle o f
the Y i n and Chou dynasties See 2 m 6
A festi val o f an evil deity
See 3 In 1 3
i
o
f
Festival
of
the
popul
a
r
Taoist
goddess
mid
j
k
[
[fi
g EfiAq
3 %
.
.
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,
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3
’
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’
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5
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15
-
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wi fer y
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E IG H T H
D AY
15
.
M OO N
.
.
f
Festival
the
wife
of
the
last
E
mperor
f
the
o
o
f
fi
fi
i
f
fi
i
fi
Y i n dyn a sty
Festi val of m i ddle autum n
i kfa i g m Fest i val of the orig i nal lady o f the Great Bear
constellation See 7 m 7 (M a r i tch i ) Some sa y sh e is
I
the same as {E L (D urga)
A Buddhist festival obser v ed in Foochow
A Buddhist festival i n honour of
Festival
to
a
Celestial
arrior
Chu
born
i
n
W
%
5
Festival to a r ecent popular divinity
This feast is claimed for several :
She
kang
the
inventor
of
wi
n
e
4
5 %
i
ling
of
the
Chin
dynasty
and
L
u
1
€ 14?
L i pai o f the Tang dynasty
Eg g
The last two tumble d into the water whe n drunk and were
d rowned the latter is also noted for having been able to
read Corean characters which no one else could
1
0
8
In
4 two tablets were set up for the worship o f
fi rms
land and grain
the Commonwealth
r Creator o f light
D
i
a mk a r a 2
Buddha
o
( p
)
Taoist
god
of
play
actors
and
sport
generally
[B
I
n
the
Y
uen
dynasty
o
n
this
day
once
a
year
?
fig fl i
mare s milk was spr i nkled At worship they used one
horse 8 gelded rams 9 pieces o f silk 9 fleeces of white
sheep s wool and 3 sable furs The Mongol pr i ests together
with other Mongol s and Chinese scholars and 4 high
offi cials led the m in worship calling upon Heaven and
#
their ancestor Genghis Khan and saying we look for
blessing and protection to the E mperor o f Heaven
After
the cere mony was over the offerings were divided amon g
the worshippers
In 8 07 the most intelligent doctors o f literature
were commanded to lecture in the nation a l college and
the mandarins to attend
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C H I N ES E
24
D AY
24
25
.
.
REL IGIO US CA LE N D AR
.
.
Tao yeh the god of potters
A god who was formerly
Kai a
minister of Y i n dynasty
The day of the appearance o f the star of longevity
a ccording to the Taoists to be kept as a fast
Mercury
?
(
)
1
1
Con
fuci
s
s
birthday
See
m
u
4
JL¥ §
E
Sacrifice to the god of horses See 2 m 22
3
A
t
ccording
to
the
Taois
s
this
is
the
end
the
great
o
f
3
R
Yi n Moon a n d the moon sh ould be worshi pped at night
4 0 1i to th e north o f Tungcho w by th e m aster o f the
Imperi a l stu d
53 23
P
,
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,
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26
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,
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27
28
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N I NTH M O O N
25
.
N I N T H M OO N
In
thi s mo on
th
e
Bu ddh i sts o r d er
a
.
fa st fo r 15
da ys
.
D AY
1
.
The god o f the southern constellation who
descends o n this day to control the death o f man See 11
m 23
5
a
h
un
dred
high
seats
were
got
ready
D
7
I
A
6
n
3
3 1 3 %
i n two temples to e x pound the doctrines of the Scriptures
o f the King o f love
The Taoists worship the E ter n al in all things
Y
o
L
ii
god
who
originally
was
called
A
fi fig fi
when he was a Taoist priest
A
sembly
the
delivered
Buddhist
a
sort
of
s
o
f
;
gig s?
(
)
atonement day when the people brought gold vessels
to float the Sh i e L i (B u ddhist light em itting relics and
life producing e m ble ms) in the time o f E mperor W u o f
the L iang dynasty (A D 5 02
Small relics did not
shine After the E mperor had prosta ted himself some
tens of times light appeared in his vessel After this the
E mperor fi x e d the 5 th day of the 8 th mo on for an
asse mbly of the delivere d when another relic should be
brought o ut for worship He ordered the prince and
earls to meet the relics and symbols in order to worship
them Those who came to see were between
and
people
A D 9 6 3 musicians to the n umber of 8 3 0 were
chose n by the court of Sa cr i fic i a l worship
A D 1 101 a large work on m usi c i n 2 00
chapters was presented to the Throne
.
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2
3
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6
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.
C H I NE S E
26
RE L I G
I O U S CA L E ND A R
.
DA Y
6
.
Sacrifice to Hea v en b y the State in th e Sung dynasty
fi x ed i n A D 104 0
In Hsiao Chi c o u n tv in Tung Chwan fu in
Sz ech u en a man Ch e ng K ii n Y eu met a Taoist priest who
said he looked like o n e of the immortals thereupon the
priest opened his b ag and gave him a pill and said when
h ungry and thirsty eat the lea v es and fruit of the arbor
#
vit a e and swallow them
Ch e ng K ii u Y eu wanted to
follow him and li v e like a hermit but the Taoist said go
home now till we meet again o n the 8 th day of the 9 th
moon
Ch e ng K i i u Y eu burnt incense made of arbor
vitae leaves and fru it till he had eaten those o f four o r fi v e
trees without a n y result B ut on the 8 th day 9 th m oon a
great l ight appeared on the rock u nder the ar b or v ita e
tree i n which Ch é n g K ii n Y en ascended
orship
of
Hea
v
en
and
shooting
willows
in
the
first
W
fi f fifiyfl
year of the Golden Tartar s time and yearly afterwards
d
r oo t keeps harm away th e Chrysanthemum
The
o
r
g
fi fl fifi g
prolongs li fe
Chang Tao ling when h e first went to Sz ech u en li ved
at the mountain Ho Ming where he studied alchemy
and religion and wa s rewarded by God presenting h i m
with secret ch arms a n d spells In A D 1 5 7 he and his
wife ascended to hea v en together from the peak called
He was then 1 23 years old See 1
Y fin F e ng Tai
m 15
The deified general Kang of Taishan i n
Shantung ; worshippe d in Foo cho w See 1 0 m 15
Taoist god o f courtesa n s
Five Taoist divinities o n e O f which is
regarded as god o f thieves See 4 In 10
A festival
Kite flying season
Festival
to
commemorate
the
apotheos
s
i
o
a
n
t
i
w
fi
fififi fl
the god o f war
i jfl flfifi
‘
,
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8
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9
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28
D AY
28
.
C H I NE S E
RE L IG
I O U S CA L E ND A R
.
.
The god who pro tects from fire Formerly he was
a n ecromancer n amed
Ma ling
Ma o n e o f the eight celestial generals
Birthday of Buddha of the Crystal sea
.
.
,
30
.
.
.
TE NT H
MO ON
TE N T H
D AY
1
.
29
.
M OO N
.
.
J upiter
s festi v al
of
the
great
festivals
o f the Taoists to propitiate
n
O
e
gang
evil spirits attending on which forgiveness may be
obta ined and l i fe prolonged (A sort of day of atonemen t )
The
Tao
st
saint
Tze
Ching
s
birthday
i
;
deity
who
was
once
a
general
of
Chi
country
A
g
@ fi gfifig
fi
in Shantung
O
D
Meeting
all
th
e
ragons
of
the
three
great
riginal
f
o
3
[
%E%
gods i n the four oceans
Three Taoist brothers who became genii o n the
same day Se e 3 m 1 8
The
day
of
the
appearance
of
ten
immortals
4 33 %
l
t
A
D
6
n
f
4
the
E
mpress
D
owager
isited
o
e
o
i
0
v
fil fg fi fl
the temples where Sh e had put up a n image of P u h i m
on a white elephant Suddenly when surrounded with
priests and attendants a priest went forward and sa t before
the m like a god All were astonished at his beauty n d
soon they all were convinced that he wa s a Buddha
appearing to them
Bodhidharma the last Indian Patriarch who
came to Chin a a n d died A D 5 29 His body rests in
’
fi j fifi a monastery two mil es west of Canton
Festival to all the teachers in heaven
A D 8 18 Chang Y u a doctor o f literature lived
i n Si n gan fu O n e evening he noticed the court yard full
of strange fragrance and some men in dark clothes leading
7 or 8 young a n d beautiful girls he pushed the gate O pe n
’
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,
2
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Q
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4
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5
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8
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C HI N ES E REL IGIOU S
30
CA LEN D A R
.
D AY .
and sa i d let u s picnic here
Suddenly there was a full
choir o f musicians and they sang beautifully and played
o n stringed and wi nd instruments
Chang Y u o n hearing
#
them cried out If they are not witch fox es they m ust
#
At thi s Sound all v anished
b e de v ils
B ut he managed
to seize o n e o f their wine cups which he tied to h i s
clothes In the morning he found it wa s a white horn
cup
Birthday o f the king of the Western heaven
E f fH
A woman Shie Tsz J en when sh e became immortal
was called away by an angel riding on a Ifi li n a n d they
fl e w away riding o n a thousand storks
Taoist day o f j udgment
Birthday
f
the
Taoist
god
of
water
O
n
of
the
o
e
fi
k
Tj z fi
three original gods See 1 m 9 : 7 m 1 5
n
or
General
e
a
deifi
assistant
at
e
d
W
t
m
m
ga y e
Tai Shan i n Shantung See 9 In 9
A small pox god
a
O riginally $ 11
3 53
minister of the last days o f Y i n dyn asty who with h i s
five sons lost their li ves i n i ts cause
This idol is worshipped under the b ed fo r
the protecti on o f children
730
3 ; Birthday o f Panku the first man
A
f
emale deity worshipped by hus band and
g u
i tar
ist
s
wi fe
Egg E] Assem b ly o f the 5 00 L oh a ns to preach the L a w
The sev enth descendant o f Chang Tao ling who
fi fif
made some pills o f immortality and ascended to heaven at
noon day His dog and fowls happened to eat some too
and they also entered hea v en with their master # See
5 m 16
A D 1 013 Feas t of Happiness whe n the E mperor
and the great ministe rs v isited the temples and pronoun ced
forgi veness o n a l l su bjects
#
.
.
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Q
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10
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12
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-
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15
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5
-
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20
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T EN TH
D AY
26
M OO N
31
.
.
The gods o f the five great mountains o f China
who died fighting the same day and fell by the hand o f
the same man fig Chang Kwei See 2 m 6
Ruler o f the North Pole con s tellatio n
Same as 4 m 1 8
f
A
ge
eral
o
the
Three
Kingdoms
n
E]
i fifi fi fi
-
.
,
27
.
.
30
.
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.
C HI N ES E REL IGIOU S CA LEN D A R
32
E L E V E NT H
Worship of Hea v en
MO ON
.
.
din g to th e Ha n dy n a sty In th e
o n fu c i u s
Sun g dyn a sty it w a s m a d e th e t im e t o w o r shi p C
a cc or
.
.
D AY
2
7
Birthday
f
Confuc
ius
See
8
m
o
fl ¥ 5bfi
fi
m
A go d o f childre n who defends them by shooting th e
hea v enly dog with bullets
The festival o f Y u huang the chief Taoist god
God of the W estern Mountai n who was a
general n amed fim Chiang hiung l n the Y i n dynasty
and died fighting for it See 2 m 6
A
divinity
worshipped
for
relief
i
n
fi
fi
fi
i a fi g fifi
su fferi n g Also the winter solstice
King Y u Ching s birthday
A D 7 01 gems o f the th ree religio n s collected i n 1 3 00 chapters
The Sung dynasty da y for sacri ficing to the Y ellow river god
The 1 8 L ohans (arhats) introduced to bless men
Men and women o n their birthdays go to them for a
blessing
Amitabha s birt h day once a great day i n S i n ga n fu
K i n L ien F usa s birthday and Kwan Y in s appear
ance o n this day
A saint named Chang who bestows ch ildren
God of the south pole descends to earth See
9 m 1
l
f
t
fi A popular goddess o f small po x
fi ffigfl j ej tfi
V
V
+ j j ffifi fi Festi val to all the gods everywhere (N
N E S W S E N W Z enith and Nadir )
.
.
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6
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10
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12
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17
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19
’
’
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23
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-
26
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n
ELE VENT H M O O N
D AY
33
.
.
is the name of the Recordi n g Angel wh o stands on the
left of Y ama in the 5 th court of Hades See 3 m 1 3
P
u
The
Patriarch
an
s
birthday
also
m
7
r
ifi
fl gfi
(
Festi val to L ight the son o f God
Bj E K F flE
f
L
u
Festi
val
o
one
of
the
Y
a
i
Buddhas
See
5
z
fi
fin j ififi
.
27
29
’
-
.
.
.
‘
-
.
-
,
.
m
.
16
.
.
CHI NES E REL IGIOU S CA LEN D A R
34
TW E L F T H M O O N
In
th is mo o n
a
do g
to
.
y el l o w sh eep ) i s s a cri fi c e d
Kit c h en go d
( ca l l ed
th e
.
a
.
D AY .
1
.
Festival o f the as se mbly of the 8 Taoist genii o n the
fairy island o f P e ng L a i
Baptisi n g Buddha The Parable Scripture says Buddha
subdued si x legions These con fessed themselves worthy
o f death but said may Buddha with the water o f the L a w
#
No w we beg the
wash away the imp u rity of ou r hearts
monks to bathe and wash away im purity of the body and
h ave i t a s a constant sym b ol o f the puri fying of the heart
This i s an old custom in the west but was introduced to
China i n this way See 4 m 8
This i s the day when Buddha disco vered the
truth i n the L otus Pool The priests feast on bowls O f
gruel made o f earth nuts walnuts mint etc altogether
seven prec ious things
A man named Shin Kwang l i h sii eh havi n g he ard
if#?
of the Great Buddhist Patriarch Ta M O at Siao L i n went
to study religion under him But Ta Mo sa t i n medita
tion with h i s face to the wall without teaching him any
thing O n e even ing heavy snow fell and Shin Kwa n g
never mo ved till the snow was above h is knees At last
he took a sharp knife and cut o ff his right arni When
Ta Mo sa w this he wa s convinced of h i s earnestness and
gave h i m a n ew n a m e V i z Shin Kwa n g l i h sii eh i e
D ivine ligh t sta nds the S now
sta g g m The Taoist god of the Great Bear constellation
who presides over longe v ity See 8 m 3
.
8
.
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,
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-
,
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,
,
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9
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o
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15
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C HI NE S E
36
D AY
REL IGIO U S CA LE N D A R
.
.
associated with the followers of L ii Tung Pin See
4 m 14
o
f
The
god
the
kitchen
as
ends
to
heaven
c
i
r g gax
Reception of the chief Taoist god Y u Hwang who
comes down to e x a m ine hu man conduct
The festival of the th ree P ure O nes o f Taoism
f
D
u
The
mother
the
god
rga
See
m
o
3
1
6
fi
fi
fi
fi ffi fi
La o tsz going th rough the Pass
In the fi rst
year o f Chow Y i n Hi waited for L a o tsz at the Pass
He came riding in a light cart drawn by a black o x O n
se eking instruction from the sage L a o tsz gave h i m the
Ta o Teh Ki n g and passed o n going Westward
D
A
1
1
7
the
mperor
sent
his
Prime
Minister
0
E
fl
fi
j qg
Wang Tan to Y en Cho w fu to present a seal a n d a book
to the Taoist temple Tai Ki Kuan
Birthday o f the goddess Hwa Y e n (Padma by fih a )
See 9 m 23
i
i
The
god
of
the
Great
Bear
descends
b
j F F lfi
L
Sacrifice
to
the
god
of
fire
in
the
iao
dynasty
i
g ifl
O n Ne w year s eve at dawn of day the E mperor su rrounded
by many followers went to the temple o f the go d o f fi re
and threw salt a n d m utton fa t into the furnace while th e
wizards and their chief pronou nced incantations i n praise
of the god in turns When this was o ver and the doors
were closed o n e of the mandarins recited the praises while
the E mperor pr osta ted h im elf twice before the fire See
9 m 28
@ fi fir O n Ne w y ear s e v e Buddhist and Taoist priests are
i nvited to read prayers and see t he kitchen god o ff Wine
and fruit are pro v ided Malt is rubbed o n the kitchen
lintel i n order to make the kitchen god drunk and unable
to report the evils of the year I
In the E mperor Hi a o Tsu n g S time (A D 1 16 3 1 19 0)
every house took paper coin (cash ) of all colours and wit h
.
.
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24
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25
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s
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TW E LF T H M OO N
D AY
37
.
.
wine and fruit sent o ff the old si x gods and recei v ed the
These are said to be the kitchen god door
n e w si x gods
god home god roa d god and sal v ation god
Fires of cy press arbor vitae
P a ssi n g th r o ug h th e fir e
peach and apricot trees are made ; the fire is called the
Al l th e family j ump
L iving Brazier a n d Hope Brazier
over the fire so as to burn away the year s calamities and
begin afresh
There
are
four
great
religious
festivals
which
are
E x i t:
called Tien Shie i e Heavenly grace or a sort o f forgive
n ess or atonement days and are said to ha v e been origi nat ed
in the Y uen dynasty (A D 1 2 60
T h ese are
J anuary 1 2
April 1
J une 1 6
O ctober 2 7
O n these days many old people go to the Buddhist temples for
forgi veness
All the Buddhas descend to earth to
e x amine the good and evil deeds of men
.
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,
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,
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o r to
th e
NO R THE R N R E G IO NAL LIBR AR Y FACILITY
Bld g 4 00 R ic h mo n d Fie ld Std tio n
.
,
Un ive rsity
Ca l ifo rn ia
CA 9 4 804 4 6 9 8
of
R ic h mo n d
—
,
ALL BO O KS MAY BE R E CALLE D AFTE R 7 DAYS
2 mo n th lo d n s md y b e re n e we d b y Cd llin g
-
(5 10) 6 4 2 6 7 5 3
l y e o r IO d n s md y b e
b o o ks to NRLF
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h d rg e d b y b rin g in g
R e n e wa ls d n d re c h d rg e s md y b e ma d e 4
d a y s p rio r T
O d ue d a te
.
DUE AS ST
AMPE D BE LO
1
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MA 2
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