ICEF 3rd Annual Meeting
Concurrent Sessions Part 2
“Power Conversion Technologies for Large Scale Renewables Integration”
Challenges for large scale renewables integration in Japan
and how power conversion technologies can contribute
Oct/5/2016
Atsushi Nishioka
Energy Solution Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd.
(Chairman & CEO / Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd.)
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Characteristics and challenges on Japanese power grid
HVDC brings green energy to load centers
Battery Energy Storage System for Renewables
Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Hydro for Renewables
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
1
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Characteristics and challenges on Japanese power grid
HVDC brings green energy to load centers
Battery Energy Storage System for Renewables
Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Hydro for Renewables
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
2
1-1. Japanese power system at a glance (1)
Characteristics of Japanese power system
 Geographically long
 Vertical and self-sufficient 10 power utilities
 Limited interconnections (supplemental)
 (Basically) one point interconnection between areas
 Population concentration (Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka)
 Two frequencies
 No international interconnections
50Hz
60Hz
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
3
1-2. Japanese power system at a glance (2)
Interconnection capacity (for normal operation) between areas
 There are some bottlenecks to bring remote renewable energy
to demand areas.
Hokkaido
 Especially interconnection capacity between 50 and 60 hertz is
limited.
5.5
0.6
Tohoku
： Peak demand in each area in GW （2013）
： Interconnection capacity in GW (AC)
Chugoku
2.8
Kyushu
26.8
2.5
1.2
5.0
0.3
1.2
2.7
0.3
15.2
1.2
Chubu
10.9
13.7
5.3
1.3
1.6
4.0
50Hz
(Total 70GW)
Hokuriku
： Interconnection capacity in GW (HVDC)
Kansai
60Hz
(Total 88GW)
Tokyo
50.8
24.8
1.2
1.4
5.3
Shikoku
Source: ESCJ website （http://www.escj.or.jp/news/2006/070222_benkyoukai_shiryou.pdf）
and Electrical Business Handbook 2015
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
4
1-3. Geographical challenge for renewable in Japan
Good potential areas for renewable are remote
place from big demand area.
1. It limits acceptable capacity and causes
output suppression.
2. It will require new transmission lines to
connect to the bulk network.
3. Those constructions of lines make
developers’ investment-return reduced.
⇒ Need countermeasures to accelerate
renewables integration.
50Hz
60Hz
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
5
1-4. To stabilize frequency
(generation – load balance)
How to maintain the frequency (minimize the ∆𝐹)
(Dispatchable)
(Undispatchable)
1
F  G  L  R 
K
(System constant)
Increase 𝑲 to absorb
the generation – load
imbalance in larger
power system.
Increase ∆𝑮 to
Decrease ∆𝑳
increase regulation
(controllable) power
to controllable load
-
- Transmit the renewable
energy to larger power
system
Increase governorfree capacity (i.e.
convert fixed-power
conventional plant to
governor-free
capable plant)
- Increase the crossregional
interconnection
capacity
-
⇒HVDC
⇒ Adjustable speed
pumped storage hydro
Adjustable pumped
storage hydro
F ： Frequency variation
： System constant
： Generation regulation (controlled by Load
G
Dispatch Center)
L ： Load variation
R ： Generation fluctuation of renewables
K
or change
-
Demand response,
VPP, micro grid etc.
-
V2G etc
Decrease ∆𝑹
-
EMS for renewable
energy (curtailment
system)
-
Battery Energy
Storage
-
Convert to other type
of energy (hydrogen,
ammonia, heat,
compressed air, etc)
⇒Battery Energy
Storage
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
6
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Characteristics and challenges on Japanese power grid
HVDC to bring green energy to load centers
Battery Energy Storage System for Renewables
Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Hydro for Renewables
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
7
1-4. To stabilize frequency
(generation – load balance)
How to maintain the frequency (minimize the ∆𝐹)
(Dispatchable)
(Undispatchable)
1
F  G  L  R 
K
(System constant)
Increase 𝑲 to absorb
the generation – load
imbalance in larger
power system.
Increase ∆𝑮 to
Decrease ∆𝑳
increase regulation
(controllable) power
to controllable load
-
- Transmit the renewable
energy to larger power
system
Increase governorfree capacity (i.e.
convert fixed-power
conventional plant to
governor-free
capable plant)
- Increase the crossregional
interconnection
capacity
-
⇒HVDC
⇒ Adjustable speed
pumped storage hydro
Adjustable pumped
storage hydro
F ： Frequency variation
： System constant
： Generation regulation (controlled by Load
G
Dispatch Center)
L ： Load variation
R ： Generation fluctuation of renewables
K
or change
-
Demand response,
VPP, micro grid etc.
-
V2G etc
Decrease ∆𝑹
-
EMS for renewable
energy (curtailment
system)
-
Battery Energy
Storage
-
Convert to other type
of energy (hydrogen,
ammonia, heat,
compressed air, etc)
⇒Battery Energy
Storage
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
8
2-1. What is HVDC?
+
DC
-
AC
AC
Converter
Converter
Switching device (IGBT)
HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current transmission system)
 Power transmission
 Reactive power support
 Power system stabilization
 Frequency conversion
 Black start
Slide 9
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
9
2-2. What HVDC can do
Slide 10
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
10
2-2. What HVDC can do
HVDC can feed green energy from remote places
as if green power stations were built close to cities.
Slide 11
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
11
2-3. How to integrate remote renewable energy?
Major barriers:
① There’s
noconnection
strong connection
No strong
point point
①
no strongofconnection
point
② There’s
Limited capacity
interconnections
50Hz
60Hz
Slide 12
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
12
2-3. How to integrate remote renewable energy?
One idea…
50Hz
60Hz
Slide 13
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
13
2-4. HVDC
Applications
Connecting
remote green
generation
Interconnecting
grids
Offshore wind
connections
Power from
shore
City center
infeed
Connecting
remote loads
Slide 14
DC links in AC
grids
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
14
2-5. Hitachi and ABB collaborate on HVDC in Japan
Hitachi
ABB
※1





Experiences and know
how on Japanese project
Knowledge on what
Japanese customers want
High reliability technology
established with Japanese
customers
Quick reaction by local
engineer from domestic
base
Long term commitment
Meet Japanese
customers’ needs

Experiences of world wide
customers’ various needs

World leading edge
technology on both
Classic (LCC) and Light
(VSC)

Long term maintenance
activities since 1960’s to
HVDC customers all over
the world
Technology
Long term
maintenance
※1 Both CEOs shaking hands at the press conference on Dec.16th/2014
Slide 15
©Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
15
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Characteristics and challenges on Japanese power grid
HVDC brings green energy to load centers
Battery Energy Storage System for Renewables
Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Hydro for Renewables
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
16
1-4. To stabilize frequency
(generation – load balance)
How to maintain the frequency (minimize the ∆𝐹)
(Dispatchable)
(Undispatchable)
1
F  G  L  R 
K
(System constant)
Increase 𝑲 to absorb
the generation – load
imbalance in larger
power system.
Increase ∆𝑮 to
Decrease ∆𝑳
increase regulation
(controllable) power
to controllable load
-
- Transmit the renewable
energy to larger power
system
Increase governorfree capacity (i.e.
convert fixed-power
conventional plant to
governor-free
capable plant)
- Increase the crossregional
interconnection
capacity
-
⇒HVDC
⇒ Adjustable speed
pumped storage hydro
Adjustable pumped
storage hydro
F ： Frequency variation
： System constant
： Generation regulation (controlled by Load
G
Dispatch Center)
L ： Load variation
R ： Generation fluctuation of renewables
K
or change
-
Demand response,
VPP, micro grid etc.
-
V2G etc
Decrease ∆𝑹
-
EMS for renewable
energy (curtailment
system)
-
Battery Energy
Storage
-
Convert to other type
of energy (hydrogen,
ammonia, heat,
compressed air, etc)
⇒Battery Energy
Storage
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
17
3-1. Energy Storage for Grid: Applications
What kind of generation – load imbalances to compensate?
Total excess of generation
Big energy (MWh) is required
to compensate the imbalance
Red line: Total demand
Short term imbalance
Instant power (MW) is required
to compensate the imbalance
Source: Kyushu Electric website （http://www.kyuden.co.jp/press_h160721-1.html）
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
18
3-2. Energy Storage for Grid: Applications
Energy storage for grid: Application mapping
Charge/Discharge time
(seasonal)
(month)
1,000,000sec
Seasonal
Storage
100,000sec
(day)
10,000sec
(hour)
1,000sec
100sec
(min)
Peak Shift
Congestion relief /
Investment deferral
Backup / Micro grid /
Load leveling
RE fluctuation mitigation
Spinning/non-spinning
reserve
Frequency Regulation
10sec
1sec
100kW
Charge/Discharge Power
1MW
10MW
100MW
1,000MW
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
19
3-3. Hybrid battery for island grid with renewable
In order to maintain the grid stability, BESS stores and releases
power / energy to the grid.
By installing hybrid BESS, more renewable can be installed and
fuel consumption of conventional generation can be decreased.
Conventional
generators
Solar Power
Izu Oshima
(remote)
Power Grid
6.6kV
PCS
PCS
500kW
AESS
SCADA
PCS
500kW
500kW
(on site)
Lead-Acid Battery
4.0MWh
Lead-Acid Battery
4.0MWh
Lithium ion capacitor
14.6kWh
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
20
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Characteristics and challenges on Japanese power grid
HVDC brings green energy to load centers
Battery Energy Storage System for Renewables
Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Hydro for Renewables
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
21
1-4. To stabilize frequency
(generation – load balance)
How to maintain the frequency (minimize the ∆𝐹)
(Dispatchable)
(Undispatchable)
1
F  G  L  R 
K
(System constant)
Increase 𝑲 to absorb
the generation – load
imbalance in larger
power system.
Increase ∆𝑮 to
Decrease ∆𝑳
increase regulation
(controllable) power
to controllable load
-
- Transmit the renewable
energy to larger power
system
Increase governorfree capacity (i.e.
convert fixed-power
conventional plant to
governor-free
capable plant)
- Increase the crossregional
interconnection
capacity
-
⇒HVDC
⇒ Adjustable speed
pumped storage hydro
Adjustable pumped
storage hydro
F ： Frequency variation
： System constant
： Generation regulation (controlled by Load
G
Dispatch Center)
L ： Load variation
R ： Generation fluctuation of renewables
K
or change
-
Demand response,
VPP, micro grid etc.
-
V2G etc
Decrease ∆𝑹
-
EMS for renewable
energy (curtailment
system)
-
Battery Energy
Storage
-
Convert to other type
of energy (hydrogen,
ammonia, heat,
compressed air, etc)
⇒Battery Energy
Storage
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
22
4-1. What is Pumped Storage Hydro?
Pumped Storage Hydro plant (PSH) can store the excess electricity as a potential energy and
release it when necessary. It is currently the biggest energy storage for large scale renewable
integration.
Japan has more than 25 GW of PSH.
Upper
reservoir
Head:
about 390m
Lower
reservoir
Source: Kansai Electric
Source: Kyushu Electric website
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
23
4-2. Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Hydro
Adjustable Speed PSH has significant benefit to large-scale renewable integration to the grid
that other systems cannot support in one system:
 Big energy (MWh) shifting
 High speed power regulation
 Frequency regulation (governor-free operation) in both generation and pump mode
 Stabilization (fast power and reactive power support) during system fault
Actual frequency regulation improvement
400MW Adjustable speed PSH system
(started operation in 1993)
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
24
4-3. Characteristics of Adjustable Speed PSH
Indicial Response --- step reaction within 100ms
By using flywheel effect (using
inertia power), Adjustable Speed
PSH can operate active power
very quickly (within 100 ms).
After RE installation
load change
present
EDC
Natural
correction
LFC
GF
 Fast governor-free operation supports
grid frequency regulation
 It can absorb the fluctuation from
renewables
 Contribute to both short-term and longterm frequency control
0.5min.
１min.
20min.
60min.
Fluctuation cycle
GF ：Governor Free
LFC: Load frequency control
EDC: Economic Load Dispatch Control
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.
25
Thank you!
Questions?
Atsushi Nishioka
Energy Solution Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd.
(Chairman & CEO,
Hitachi ABB HVDC Technologies, Ltd.)
Contact:
Mail: [email protected]
Phone: +81-80-6616-6282
© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.