köRpü
köPrü
Körpü-Köprü:
Reading in Azerbaijani
Using Turkish as a
Bridge
by
Suzan Özel
köRpü
köPrü
April
2008
Körpü-Köprü:
Reading in Azerbaijani Using Turkish as a Bridge
By Suzan Özel
© 2008 The Trustees of Indiana University
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval, without permission from the publisher. The
contents of this publication may, however, be reproduced if they are
intended solely for non-profit education use, except in cases where
such reproduction may infringe upon entries protected under their
own copyrights. All entries from other sources are so indicated.
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CONTENTS
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Preface
Part 1:
vii
Contrasting Azerbaijani and Turkish
2
3
A- Letters and Sounds
The Azerbaijani
Alphabet
4
Differences in Alphabetic Signs
The apostrophe sign ‘
Letter signs
The letters ì and e
The letter x
The letter q
The letter ¤
Common sound and sign correspondences
4
4
5
5
6
7
8
8
CONSONANTS
VOWELS
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Azerbaijani d --- Turkish t
Azerbaijani t --- Turkish d
Azerbaijani b --- Turkish p
Azerbaijani m --- Turkish b
Azerbaijani p --- Turkish b
Azerbaijani k --- Turkish g
Azerbaijani g --- Turkish ¤
Azerbaijani y --- Turkish ¤
Azerbaijani h- + vowel --- Turkish initial vowel
Metathesis: Azerbaijani -rp- --- Turkish -pr-, etc.
Azerbaijani -b, -c, -d, -g --- Turkish -p, -â, - t, -k
Consonant reduplication: -dd-, -qq-, -yy-, etc.
Azerbaijani i- ---Turkish y›-/yiAzerbaijani initial i- --- Turkish initial ›Azerbaijani initial vowel -Turkish initial y + vowel
Azerbaijani a --- Turkish e
Azerbaijani e --- Turkish a
Azerbaijani e --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani e --- Turkish çy
Azerbaijani ì --- Turkish a
Azerbaijani ì --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani › --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani › --- Turkish u
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish e
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish ›
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish u
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish ê
Azerbaijani o --- Turkish a
Azerbaijani o --- Turkish ç
Azerbaijani o --- Turkish u
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Contents
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
13
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
17
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
iii
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani
ç
ç
ç
ç
ç
u
ê
ê
ê
-------------------
Turkish a
Turkish e
Turkish o
Turkish u
Turkish ê
Turkish ›
Turkish ›
Turkish i
Turkish u
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
25
26
29
30
34
B- Orthographic Conventions
C- The Lexicon
Words of Turkic or Altaic origin
Borrowings from Persian
Words formed with Persian prefixes and suffixes
Words of Arabic origin
“False Friends”
European borrowings
Lists of basic words
Numerals
Days of the week
Months
Parts of the body
Kinship words
Colors
Miscallenous words
35
36
36
37
38
39
39
D- Noun inflections and function words
Personal pronouns and suffixes
Possessives
Demonstratives
Case
Interrogatives
40
41
41
42
43
E- Various expressions and constructions
in comparison and contrast
Time
Quantity and degree
Comparison and degree
The reflexive çz
Postpositions
Questions
Yes-no questions
Questions with interrogative pronouns
Double questions: “or” and “or not”
Possibility
Verbs
Present progressive
Habitual present/Indefinite future
Present perfect/Evidential
Abilitative mode
Temporal subordination
iv
Contents
44
45
46
46
46
48
48
48
49
49
49
50
50
51
53
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-dIKdE
-(y)EndE
Relative constructions
-(y)En
Relative suffix –kI
Conjunction ki
54
54
55
55
53
Part 2: Readings
Chapter 1
59
Chapter 2
67
Chapter 3
79
Chapter 4
95
Chapter 5
109
Chapter 6
127
Chapter 7
135
Chapter 8
143
Chapter 9
153
Chapter 10
159
Samples from Print Publications
Schools and Competitions
Education and History
Molla Nasraddin Stories
Molla Nasraddin: The Magazine
Azerbaijan: Geography
The News: National - International
The News: The Arts
Short Biographies
Azerbaijan’s Oil
Bibliography
167
Sources for Texts and Images
168
Answer Key, Chapters 1-5
173
Appendix: Verb Inflection Tables
179
Azerbaijani-English Glossary
213
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Contents
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vi
Contents
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Preface
KöRpü-KöPrü:
Reading Azerbaijani
Using Turkish as a Bridge
The reader was created to provide a shortcut for those with knowledge of
Turkish to develope reading fluency in Azerbaijani.
In the following paragraph you will learn more about the contents and
approach of “köRpü
köPrü” that may help you to make good
use of this reader.
The sections “How we read” and “Becoming a fluent reader” are meant to
help to make this learning process effective and meaningful for you.
WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS READER
This work consists of two main sections: Part 1: Azerbaijani and Turkish in
Contrast gives an overview of the main differences between the two languages,
based on the perceived needs of those who can read Turkish at the intermediate
level. Part 2: Readings offers various types of texts that are topically organized
and supplemented by brief grammar explanations, glossaries and graded tasks.
AZERBAIJANI AND TURKISH IN CONTRAST
Many words and phrases presented in the discussion of lexical, morphological,
and syntactical issues are taken from the language of the Readings section. This
recycling or repetition of words and forms may help you to better remember the
new materials. The Contrast can function as both an introduction to principal
grammatical features of Azerbaijani, before embarking on the readings Part 2,
and for reference when reading the authentic texts.
The Contrast section is supplemented by an Appendix, which contains tables
with the inflection of verbs for 30 important tenses in Azerbaijani. The verb
forms are listed with Turkish equivalents.
READINGS
köRpü
köRpü
köPrü consists of ten Chapters.
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Preface
vii
The Chapters are organized by topics. The topics are chosen with two main
goals in mind: to teach you reading in Azerbaijani and to introduce you to some
aspects of the culture, life and history of Azerbaijan.
Chapters 1-5 are introductory and present a more guided and gradual approach
towards understanding Azerbaijani texts, while at the same time drawing your
attention to important lexical and structural differences between Azerbaijani and
Turkish. Here, the readings are relatively short. Longer passages are broken up
into sections, which are accompanied by series of tasks and language notes.
Chapters 6-10 offer longer readings with fewer tasks and grammar explanations.
In these chapters, you will still have guidance through glossaries and a small
number of tasks; however, you will be more “on your own” to prepare you to
read texts in Azerbaijani independently.
LANGUAGE AND TEXTS
The texts presented here are written in the new Latin alphabet that was declared
Azerbaijan’s official alphabet in 1992, one year after Azerbaijan became an
independent republic. This script replaced the Azerbaijani modified Cyrillic
script, which had been in use since 1940.
All texts are authentic and were written for native speakers of Azerbaijani. They
are representative of the official written language of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The readings are taken from a variety of sources, including handbooks, school
books, newspapers, journals, the Internet, and advertisements. You will find that
there is a wealth of current reading material available on the Internet because of
numerous online newspapers and other websites as well.
GLOSSARIES
Readings are generally accompanied by glossaries. The English equivalents
listed in the glossaries reflect the meaning of a lexical item in the context in
which it appears in the reading. Occasionally, an item will be glossed in
Azerbaijani if the gloss is a common vocabulary item; see, for example, barìdì
below.
nìzdindì
yekun
barìdì
attached to
final
= haqq›nda
Please note: Try not to rely too much on the glossary when reading a text for the
first time. Start by guessing the meaning of words by using contextual
information, instead.
viii
Preface
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TASKS
The tasks or exercises ask you to approach texts with different strategies in order
to prepare you to become a fluent reader in Azerbaijani. These strategies include
skimming, scanning, and close reading.
A large number of tasks is devoted to vocabulary practice, with the objective to
develop your lexicon in Azerbaijani.
A few tasks focus on grammar practice. These are mostly chosen when certain
forms may appear identical but actually function differently in Azerbaijani and
Turkish.
LANGUAGE NOTES
Language notes in yellow boxes give brief explanations and example of select
structural and lexical points. As it is assumed that you are familiar with the
essentials of Turkish grammar as well as basic Turkish vocabulary, language
notes are generally limited to elements whose meaning or form would not be
obvious to a speaker of Turkish. These explanations are meant to draw your
attention to specific points, without being exhaustive. You will find more
information on these grammar items in the Contrast section of this book, which
makes up Part 1. In addition, as in the example below, you can consult Çztopâu’s
textbook Elementary Azerbaijani*.
The objective case suffix is:
-i/-ê/-›/-u for nouns ending in a consonant,
-ni/-nê/-n›/-nu for nouns ending in a vowel.
*To learn more about the vowel system, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (p. 105).
ANSWER KEY
The answer key provides answers to most tasks, especially those with discrete
item answers for Chapters 1-5. For more open questions, answers are generally
not provided.
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Preface
ix
CUMULATIVE GLOSSARY
The cumulative glossary lists all of the vocabulary items that appear in the
glossary boxes in Chapters 1-10. Again, English glosses refer to the Azerbaijani
word in the specific context in which it appears in the readings. For more
detailed lexical information, please use a dictionary.
WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM THIS READER?
This reader is designed to help those with an intermediate-level reading
proficiency of Turkish to read texts in Azerbaijani. Azerbaijani and Turkish,
both members of the Oghuz group of Turkic languages, share a great deal of
common linguistic features. However, there are also numerous elements in
written Azerbaijani that can make reading comprehension a challenge to the
speaker of Turkish, native or non-native. This is especially true for differences in
vocabulary use, such as words of Persian and Ottoman origin that are no longer
in use in contemporary Turkish.
(Please note that a description of the proficiency guidelines for Turkish can be
downloaded from: http://www.princeton.edu/~turkish/aatt/ by clicking on
the “Publications” tab.)
RECOMMENDED MATERIALS
The linguistic explanations presented in köRpü
köPrü focus
primarily on the language used in the readings.
These notes can be
complemented by using the introductory textbook by K. Çztopâu.* While this
textbook is intended for learners with no prior knowledge of a Turkic language,
you will find a large number of grammar points addressed here included in
köPrü. In addition, you will probably find it useful to consult
köRpü
with works on various aspects of Azerbaijani culture, i.e., country studies, maps,
etc. Having a background knowledge of the subject matter plays an important
role in successful reading comprehension.
*Çztopâu, Kurtulué (2000) Elementary Azerbaijani, Têrk Dilleri Araét›rmalar›
Dizisi, 33, Santa Monica & Istanbul.
x
Preface
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TIPS FOR USING THIS READER
If you are using the reader on a computer, increase the viewing size of the text on
screen (to 125% or more) by using the “zoom” feature. This should make the
texts more readable.
Again, when reading a passage, try first to understand as much as possible
without the help of the glossary.
HOW WE READ
Reading is normally motivated by a number of different purposes and, therefore,
occurs in different ways:
•
We read to have a general idea of what the text is about, to identify the
main ideas of a text. This type of reading is called skimming.
•
We read and look for specific, discrete information. This is called scanning.
•
We also read texts thoroughly, processing nearly every word and sentence.
This is called a close reading.
Readers normally use any of these reading strategies, often in combination,
depending on what they are expecting to learn from a text.
BECOMING A FLUENT READER
When reading in a foreign language, the presence of unknown words, forms and
contents can be distracting. These factors may look like obstacles to both
enjoying reading and gaining fluency in reading. In foreign language learning
reading skills, like speaking, are also developed through practice and meaningful
tasks. These include skimming, scanning, and close reading.
For these reasons it is important to remember that you don’t necessarily have to
understand or analyze every single word to benefit from the reading process. If
you begin by looking for main ideas (skimming) or specific points (scanning) and
practice reading a large number and variety of texts you will gradually develop
your reading fluency.
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Preface
xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I express my sincere thanks to all who have helped me with this
project. William Fierman, Edward Lazzerini, and Kasia RydelJohnston, from the Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center
at Indiana University, have provided inspiration, critique, and
financial support through Title VI funds from the U.S. Department
of Education. Bilge Çzel, Kurtulué Çztopâu, Nazire ‹skandarova,
and William Dirks have reviewed the manuscript and given me
valuable feedback on content and methodology. All errors that still
remain are mine. I thank Betty Blair from Azerbaijan International
for her gracious help with texts and images. Kristoffer Rees did a
remarkable job at preparing the manuscript for publication. Finally,
I am very grateful to my family members, Chad and Meryem, for
their help and support.
Suzan Çzel
Evansville, Indiana
April, 2008
xii
Preface
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Part 1: Contrasting
Azerbaijani and Turkish
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Part 1
Contrasting Azerbaijani and Turkish
Azerbaijani and Turkish are closely related and to a high degree mutually
intelligible. Many features of Azerbaijani discussed here are also found in
Central and Eastern Anatolian dialects of Turkey, which are in fact closer to
Azerbaijani than to standard literary Turkish. The two idioms contrasted here
will be, however, the respective standard literary languages of the Republics of
Turkey and Azerbaijan, which possess distinct features that can encumber full
comprehension. Key features will be discussed below, from the perspective of
the Turkish speaker who is reading texts in contemporary Azerbaijani.
Azerbaijani and Turkish both belong to the Southwestern or Oghuz branch of the
Turkic languages and form its Western sub-branch. Due to the wealth of shared
features between the two languages, speakers of Turkish can generally
understand most of what they hear or read in Azerbaijani. There exist,
nevertheless, a number of linguistic differences that can pose a challenge to
comprehension. For speakers of contemporary standard Turkish, the main
source of difficulty in decoding written Azerbaijani stems from the differences in
vocabulary. In spite of a large stock of words of Turkic and Altaic origin as well
as loanwords from Persian and Arabic shared by both languages, the Azerbaijani
lexicon contains a substantial number of words that are not understood by most
speakers of Turkish. This pool is comprised mainly of additional borrowings
from Persian and Arabic, lexical items of Turkic origin, as well as words
borrowed from Russian, which also include words from other European
languages that entered Azerbaijani via Russian.
The borrowings from Persian and Arabic are normally known to older speakers
of Turkish, who are still familiar with the Turkish lexicon prior to the language
reform that resulted in the removal or delegation to semi-obsolescence of a large
portion of words of Persian and Arabic origin. Thus, with respect to this
significant pool of lexical items, reading in Azerbaijani is, for the typical younger
and middle-aged Turkish speaker, somewhat comparable to reading Turkish
texts dating from the first decades of the 20th century. However, the challenges
vis-à-vis comprehending Azerbaijani are further augmented by the presence of a
greater number of lexical borrowings from Persian. Furthermore, the Azerbaijani
lexicon contains words that look similar or identical to Turkish words but do not
share the same meaning (See “False Friends” on p. 27). The section titled
“Lexicon” is devoted to illustrating these differences in the vocabulary of the two
languages.
2
Contrast
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Aside from the lexicon, some structural features of Azerbaijani, mostly due to the
form and function of verbs and verb constructions, can make full comprehension
of written Azerbaijani difficult. Basic aspects of these issues are addressed in the
section titled “Verbs.” In addition, verb inflection tables in the Appendix are
provided for further assistance.
The contrasting notes and lists presented here cover an essential portion of the
elements considered “challenging” when someone with an intermediate-level
reading proficiency of Turkish embarks on reading in Azerbaijani. There remain
numerous items of distinction between the two languages not covered here.
Some of these as well as several items discussed in this “Contrast” section are
highlighted in the chapters with the “Readings.” The purpose of the contrasting
grammar notes below is to prepare the beginning Azerbaijani reader to facilitate
the transition from written Turkish to Azerbaijani.
A- Letters and Sounds
The alphabets of Turkish and Azerbaijani are nearly identical, and the majority
of letter-sound correspondences are as well. However, the Azerbaijani alphabet
consists of 32 characters and thus has three signs more than the Turkish alphabet:
ì, x and q. In the list of characters below only these additional signs and the
letter ¤ are highlighted. Notice also how each of the additional three characters
appears in the Azerbaijani alphabet next to a character representing a related
sound, i.e., ì follows e, x follows h, and q follows k. More examples contrasting
the use of these characters can be found in the section titled “Differences in
Alphabetic Signs” (pp. 4).
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Contrast
3
The Azerbaijani Alphabet
Character Pronunciation
a
b
c
â
d
e
Ì
f
g
¤
h
x
›
i
j
k
q
Azerbaijani Example
English lend
English land
ev ‘house’, el ‘people’
evlìnmìk ‘to marry’, ìl
[γ] voiced velar fricative; no English
equivalent; like Arabic “ghayn”
o¤lan ‘boy’, sa¤
Turkish haz›r
[x]
Scottish loch, German Bach
Character
‘hand’
‘alive, right’
haz›r ‘ready’
xan›m ‘lady’
l
m
n
o
ç
p
r
s
é
t
u
ê
v
y
z
Turkish kim, karamel
kim, karamel
[g]
Turkish gaz ‘gas’
in initial and medial position:
[x]
in final position:
qaya
‘rock’, halq›m›z ‘our people’
aâmaq ‘to open’
Note also:
qorxmaq [gorxmax] ‘to fear’
Differences in Alphabetic Signs
The apostrophe sign ‘
Although not officially part of the Latin Azerbaijani alphabet, the apostrophe sign
is used in some publications. It usually occurs in the place of the “ayn” or
“hamza”signs in Arabic loan words and indicates a pause (glottal stop) when
following a consonant. When it appears after a vowel, it marks the lengthening of
the vowel (e.g., bì’zi ‘some,’ ée’r ‘poem’). The same word may be spelled with or
without the apostrophe. Compare also spellings of hey’ìt and mìsul in exercises
4a-4d in Chapter 1.
4
Contrast
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Letter signs
The notes below explain the main characteristics of the sign and sound
correspondences for the letters of ì, x and q. In addition, the occurrence of these
letters in Azerbaijani words is contrasted with corresponding spellings in Turkish.
Note that the correspondences between Azerbaijani and Turkish given in shaded
boxes below represent common but not exclusive correspondences. E.g., a word
spelled with ì in Azerbaijani for which there exists a formally similar lexical
equivalent in Turkish, will not necessarily always feature an e in its Turkish
equivalent. Additional likely correspondences between Azerbaijani and Turkish
letters will be shown farther below.
The vowel represented by the letter sign ì is pronounced lower than e and occurs
far more frequently than e. E cannot appear in suffixes. (See ev vs. evlìnmìk in
“The Azerbaijani alphabet” above.) As the examples in the following table show,
the letter e in a Turkish word can correspond to either ì or e in Azerbaijani.
Azerbaijani e
Azerbaijani ì
--- Turkish e
--- Turkish e
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
ev
house
ev
yeni
new
yeni
sevimli
nice, likeable
sevimli
bìlkì
maybe
belki
bìri
since
beri
bìrabìr
equal; same;
joint; togehter
beraber
âìréìnbì
Wednesday
Âaréamba
âiâìk
flower
âiâek
ìl
hand
el
ìylìncì
entertainment
e¤lence
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Contrast
5
gìl-
caution,
attention
gel-
nì
what
ne
niyì
why
niye
sìn
you
sen
éìkil
picture; photo
resim
The letter x
The letter x represents the fricative [x] and is pronounced like the final sounds in
Scottish loch and German Bach. Its Turkish orthographic counterparts are h and k.
Azerbaijani x
6
--- Turkish h, k
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
xalq
people
halk
xoé
pleasant
hoé
xìstì
sick
hasta
âox
much, many
âok
tox
full, satiated
tok
ox
arrow
ok
yox
(there is) no(t) yok
yaxa
collar
yaka
yax›n
near
yak›n
bax-
to look
bak-
Contrast
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The letter q
The character q is pronounced [g], i.e., as a voiced velar stop, in word-initial
position. Therefore, ‘qaya’ is pronounced [gaya]. At the end of a word, q is
pronounced as the voiceless velar fricative [x], as seen in the pronunciation
[aâmax] for the verb form ‘aâmaq.’
The Azerbaijani letter q often corresponds to the Turkish letters k or g. The
varying pronunciations of q in Azerbaijani are given in square brackets in the
table below.
Azerbaijani q
--- Turkish g, k
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
baéqa [baéga]
different
baéka
doqquz [dokguz]
nine
dokuz
haz›rl›q [haz›rl›x]
preparation
haz›rl›k
qaé [gaé]
eyebrow
kaé
qaré› [garé›]
against
karé›
qìlìm [gìlìm]
pen
kalem
qìzet [gìzet]
newspaper
gazete
qorx- [gorx-]
to fear
kork-
qoyun [goyun]
sheep
koyun
vaqon [vagon]
coach
vagon
orqan [organ]
organ
organ
sayq› [sayg›]
respect
sayg›
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Contrast
7
The letter ¤
Unlike in standard Turkish, where ¤ is voiceless, in Azerbaijani the ¤ is realized
as a voiced sound [γ]. As in Turkish, ¤ does not occur in word-initial position. It
appears in word-final position only with one-syllable words.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
a¤ [aγ]
white
ak
a¤›l [aγ›l]
mind
ak›l
ba¤âa [baγâa]
garden
bahâe
dal¤a [dalγa]
wave
dalga
do¤ru [doγru]
true; towards
do¤ru [do:ru]
ié¤al [iéγal]
occupation
iégal
sa¤ [saγ]
right; alive
sa¤ [sa:]
coé¤un [coéγun]
excited
coékun
â›l¤›n [â›lγ›n]
hot-tempered
â›lg›n
qar¤a [garγa]
crow
karga
Common sound and sign correspondences
CONSONANTS
The following are examples of differences in the consonants in Azerbaijani in
contrast to Turkish. These correspondences, while common, do not manifest
themselves in all instances. Thus, they represent possible, yet not always
predictable differences for Azerbaijani-Turkish pairs.
Azerbaijani d
8
--- Turkish t
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
daban
heel
taban
dad
taste
tat
Contrast
köRpü
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daé
stone
taé
Daékìnd
Tashkent
Taékent
daé›-
to carry
taé›-
dìrzi
tailor
terzi
duz
salt
tuz
Azerbaijani t
--- Turkish d
Azerbaijani English
tik-
Turkish
to erect, build; to sew
dik-
toxun-
to touch
dokun-
toxu-
to weave
doku-
to pour
dçk-
tçk-
Azerbaijani b
--- Turkish p
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bazar
market
pazar
barmaq
finger
parmak
bahal›
expensive
pahal›
sìbìt
basket
sepet
Azerbaijani m
Turkish b
---
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
mìn
I
ben
min
thousand
bin
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Contrast
9
minici
rider
binici
moncuq
bead
boncuk
kimi
like; as
gibi
Azerbaijani p
--- Turkish b
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
poz-
to break
boz-
Azerbaijani k --- Turkish g
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
keâir-
to pass
geâir-
kçâ-
to move
gçâ-
kçks
gç¤ês
kçlgì
breast;
bosom; chest
shadow
kçnêl
heart, soul
gçnêl
kçynìk
shirt
gçlge
kêyêltê
tumult; noise
gêrêltê
Azerbaijani g
10
gçlge
--- Turkish ¤
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
cigìr
lung; liver
ci¤er
digìr
ither
di¤er
ìgìr
if
e¤er
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Azerbaijani y
--- Turkish ¤
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bìyìn-
to like
be¤en-
ciyìr
lung; liver
ci¤er
deyil
is not
de¤il
dìyié-
to change
de¤ié-
dêymì
button
dê¤me
dêyên
wedding
dê¤ên
ìylìncì
entertainment
e¤lence
iynì
needle
i¤ne
iyrìnc
disgusting
i¤renâ
çyrìn-
to learn
ç¤ren-
soyuk
cold
so¤uk
Azerbaijani h-+ vowel
--- Turkish initial vowel
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
heyva
quince
ayva
hêrk-
to be frightened
êrk-
hçrêmâìk
spider
çrêmcek
Azerbaijani -rp-, ... --- Turkish –pr-, …
Metathesis, or the occurrence of sounds in a different order within a word, is a
distinguishing feature between some Turkish and Azerbaijani pairs:
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
11
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
ìskik
missing; lacking
Eksik
kçrpê
bridge
Kçprê
torpaq
soil
Toprak
têstê
smoke
Têtsê
yarpaq
leaf
Yaprak
â›lpaq
naked
â›plak
çskêr-
to cough
çksêr-
irìli
forward
Ileri
Azerbaijani -b, -c, -d, -g --- Turkish -p, -â, -t, -k
In many instances words ending in unvoiced stops –p, -â, -t, -k in Turkish, are
written with the voiced equivalents in Azerbaijani. They are, however, generally
pronounced voiceless, i.e., kita[p], a¤a[â], etc.
12
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
corab
sock; stocking
âorap
kitab
book
kitap
mìktìb
school
mektep (okul)*
a¤ac
tree
a¤aâ
borc
debt
borâ
âìkic
hammer
âekiâ
gìnc
young
genâ
gêc
strength
gêâ
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
sêd
milk
sêt
bulud
cloud
bulut
rìng
color
renk
*When a more commonly used word exists in Turkish, as is the case with many words of Arabic
and Persian origin, this will be given in parentheses.
Consonant reduplication: -dd-, -qq-, -yy-, etc.
Some words that have a single consonant in Turkish, feature double consonants
in Azerbaijani.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
add›m
step
ad›m
sìkkiz
eight
sekiz
doqquz
nine
dokuz
saqqal
beard
sakal
saqq›z
chewing gum
sak›z
toqqa
toka
yeddi
belt (Az.); buckle
(Tr.)
seven
eééìk
donkey
eéek
ìdìbiyyat
literature
edebiyat
hìdiyye
present, gift
hediye
nìqliyyat
transportation
nakliyat
köRpü
köPrü
yedi
Contrast
13
VOWELS
The following are examples of common differences in the vowels. These
correspondences, while common, do not manifest themselves in all instances. The
examples provided below represent, therefore, possible but not always predictable
pairs.
Azerbaijani i- --- Turkish y›- / yiThe sequence /y›l-/ in word-initial position in Turkish, does not exist in
Azerbaijani.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
il
year
y›l
illik
annual
y›ll›k
ilan
snake
y›lan
ild›r›m
lightning
y›ld›r›m
igid
brave
yi¤it
itir-
to lose
yitir-
Azerbaijani initial i- --- Turkish initial ›In Azerbaijani /›/ does not appear word initially.
14
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
il›q
warm,
temperate
›l›k
ié›q
light
›é›k
isin-
to warm
›s›n-
islaq
wet
›slak
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Azerbaijani initial vowel --- Turkish initial y + vowel
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
iyirmi
twenty
yirmi
udum
gulp
yudum
ulduz
star
y›ld›z
êrìk
heart
yêrek
êz
face
yêz
êz-êzì
face-to-face
yêz yêze
êzêk
ring
yêzêk
Azerbaijani a --- Turkish e
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
alma
apple
elma
cavab
answer
cevap
maraq
intererst
merak
piyada
on foot (Az.), foot soldier (Tr.) piyade
yaé›l
green
yeéil
Azerbaijani e --- Turkish a
In words of Persian and Arabic origin, an e may appear in Azerbaijani, where
the Turkish counterpart has an a.
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
15
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
eyib
shame(ful)
ay›p
ey’ni
same; identical
ayn›
heyvan
animal
hayvan
heyran
amazed (Az.); admiring (Tr.)
hayran
Azerbaijani e --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
elan
ilan
elm
announcement,
advertisement
science
ilim (bilim)
emal
production
imal (êretim)
etibaren
since, from
itibaren
get-
to go
git-
geyim
clothing
giyim
heâ
no (ne)
hiâ
deyì
saying
diye
Azerbaijani e --- Turkish çy
16
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
elì
like that
çyle
elìcì (dì)
thus; consequently
çylece (de)
belì
like this, that
bçyle
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Azerbaijani ì --- Turkish a
In words of Persian and Arabic origin, often an ì appears in Azerbaijani, where
the Turkish counterpart has an a.
Azerbaijani
English
diqqìt
caution, attention dikkat
ìlaqì
link; connection
alaka
ìrìb
Arab
Arap
ìrìbcì
Arabic
Arapâa
fìaliyyìt
activity
faaliyet
fìrq
difference
fark
hìftì
green
hafta
xìyat
life
hayat
xìritì
map
harita
qìbul elì-
to accept
kabul et-
qìrar
decision
karar
qìsìbì
town
kasaba
mìlumat
information
malumat
mêsìbiqì
competition
mêsabaka
sìbir
patience
sab›r
sìnìt
art
sanat
sìtir
line (of text)
sat›r
köRpü
köPrü
Turkish
Contrast
17
éìrq
east
éark (do¤u)
tìhsil
education
tahsil (ç¤renim;
ç¤retim)
tìlìbì
student
talebe (ç¤renci)
vìtìn
homeland
vatan
Compare also the following sets of vowel pairs:
Azerbaijani ì --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bìlkì
maybe
bìlki
ìlac
remedy; way out
(Az).; medicine
(Tr.)
ilaâ
Azerbaijani › --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
â›zg›
line
âizgi
Azerbaijani › --- Turkish u
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
karp›z
watermelo
n
skin; crust
karpuz
qab›q
18
Contrast
kabuk
köRpü
köPrü
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish e
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
cip
pocket
cep
nifrìt
disgust; hate
nefret
riâal
jam
reâel
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish ›
Similarly, Azerbaijani may have an e where the Turkish counterpart has an a.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
civì
mercury
c›va
civilti
chirp; twittle
c›v›lt›
âinar
plane tree
â›nar
xatirì
memory
hat›ra
qiymìtli
precious
k›ymetli
sifìt
adjective
s›fat
sinif
class
s›n›f
sirr
secret,
mystery
s›r
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish u
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
divar
wall
duvar
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
19
Azerbaijani i --- Turkish ê
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
kiâik
small
kêâêk
âênki
because
âênkê
Azerbaijani o --- Turkish a
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
hovuz
pool
havuz
ovâu
hunter
avc›
dovéan
rabbit
tavéan
toyuq
chicken
tavuk
Azerbaijani o --- Turkish ç
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
kosa
beardless,
thin-bearded
man
kçse
Azerbaijani o --- Turkish u
20
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
dodaq
lip
dudak
oyanmaq
to wake up
uyanmak
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Azerbaijani ç --- Turkish a
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
hçvzì
basin
havza
\tçvsiyì
recommendatio
n
tavsiye
Azerbaijani ç --- Turkish e
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
dçvlìt
state
devlet
lçvhì
sign
levha
mçvcud
mevcut
mçvsêm
present,
existing
season
mevsim
mçvzu
subject, topic
mevzu
çvlad
child
evlat
zçvq
pleasure
zevk
Azerbaijani ç --- Turkish o
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
nçqsan
deficiency
noksan
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
21
Azerbaijani ç --- Turkish u
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
mçhtìéìm
grand; magnificent
muhteéem
éçbì
section (Az.);
branch (Tr.)
éube
Azerbaijani ç --- Turkish ê
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bçyêk
big
bêyêk
gçyìrâin
dove
gêvercin
gçzìl
beautiful
gêzel
hçkmdar
ruler
hêkêmdar
hçrmìt
respect
hêrmet
çgey
step (child, etc.)
êvey
Azerbaijani u --- Turkish ›
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
buraxmaq
let; permit
b›rakmak
Azerbaijani ê --- Turkish ›
22
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
fêrsìt
opportunity
f›rsat
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Azerbaijani ê --- Turkish i
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
éêéì
éiée
têlkê
glass (Az.); bottle
(Tr.)
fox
tìhlêkì
danger
tehlike
êâên
for
iâin
êsyan
rebellion
isyan
tilki
Azerbaijani ê --- Turkish u
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
hêdud
border
hudut
hêquq
law; right
hukuk
mêavin
assistant
muavin
mêìllim
teacher
mêqayisì
comparison
mêqìddìs
sacred
muallim
(ç¤retmen)
mukayese
(karé›laét›rma)
mukaddes
êfêq
horizon
ufuk
êmum
general; public
umum
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
23
B- Orthographic Conventions
Languages and nationalities are not capitalized. Suffixes added to proper nouns
are not separated by an apostrophe. The interrogative particle mI is attached to the
predicate. The abilitative marker and personal endings are written separately.
Azìrbaycanca
Têrkâe
Mìn amerikal›yam.
Dostum iranl›d›r.
Biz ingiliscì dan›é›r›q.
Bak› Azìrbaycandad›r.
Bak›da dostunuz varm›?
Gìlì bildik.
Yaza bilìrìm.
Ben Amerikal›’y›m.
Arkadaé›m ‹ranl›. (/ ‹ranl›’d›r.)
Biz ‹ngilizce konuéuyoruz.
Bakê Azerbaycan’dad›r.
Bakê’de arkadaé›n›z var m›?
Gelebildik.
Yazabilirim.
C- The Lexicon
Azerbaijani and Turkish share a large vocabulary formed primarily from Turkic,
other Altaic, Arabic, Persian and European elements. However, there are also
many words that Azerbaijani does not have in common with Turkish. Moreover,
similar looking words often have different meanings or are used with different
connotations or belong to different registers, i.e., variations in word choice
speakers make due to language use in different styles and contexts.
Words of Turkic or Altaic origin
In the Azerbaijani lexicon there exist words from Turkic or Altaic stock that are
either not part of the standard Turkish lexicon or have only limited and
specialized use in Turkish.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bala
small child
(bebek)*
uéaq
child, baby
uéak: male servant; (âocuk)
otaq
room
ota¤: large traditional tent; (oda)
od
fire
od: (poet. ‘fire’); (ateé)
*Words in parenthesis represent the modern Turkish equivalent of the Azerbaijani entry, i.e., where
Azerbaijani uses “bala,” Turkish would use “bebek.”
24
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
yaxé›
good
(iyi)
tap-
to find
to worship; (bul-)
tapé›r-
to assign; charge
(yêkle-; havale et-)
çzgì
(an)other
çzge (arch.); (baéka)
sar›
towards; yellow
sar›: yellow
kêlìk
wind
(rêzgar; yel)
hêndêr
high
(yêksek)
Borrowings from Persian
Azerbaijani possesses a far larger number of words of Persian origin than
Turkish in its basic lexicon. The Turkish equivalents in parentheses underscore
the lexical differences here.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bìli
yes; sure
(tamam; tabii)
azad
free
(çzgêr; hêr)
bìdii
art; artistic
(sanat; sanatsal)
zìng et-/vur-
to make a phone
call
(telefon et-)
dìrc et-
to publish
(yay›nla-/yay›mla-)
kçmìk
help
(yard›m)
xahié et-
to ask, request
(iste-, talep et-)
tamaéa
performance; show (gçsteri)
éagird
pupil, student
(ç¤renci)
kêâì
street
(sokak)
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
25
Words formed with Persian prefixes and suffixes
Words bearing affixes borrowed from Persian further enlarge the pool of
borrowings. They are normally attached to other words from Persian or Arabic.
bi- ‘without’; ‘-less’
In Turkish, the words formed with bi- often have a similar meaning as their
Azerbaijani counterparts but are not as commonly used in everyday speech due
to the prevalence of the suffix –sIz. In Azerbaijani, in contrast, both types,
derivations with bi- and –sIz, are used with the same frequency.
bi- ‘without’; ‘-less’
Azerbaijani
English
biâarì
poor; unhappy
bifayda
useless; in vain
biiman
without faith
bikar
unemployed; free
biqêsur
flawless
biqìrar
impatient; restless
-dar ‘holding, administering’
Azerbaijani
English
26
ìmìkdar
honored
hìbìrdar
well-informed
hçkmdar
ruler
icarìdar
leaseholder
maldar
cattle breeder
mìhsuldar
productive
sìhmdar
joint-stock company
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
-daé ‘fellow, participant’
Azerbaijani
English
ìmìkdaé
hìm- ‘same’
Azerbaijani
colleague; co-worker
English
hìmdin
co-religionist
hìmkar
co-worker; colleague
hìmmìna
synonymous
hìmrìng
of the same color
hìmsìrhìd
sharing a border
hìmyaé
of the same age
-xana ‘house’
Azerbaijani
English
âayxana
teahouse
hìbsxana
prison
xìstìxana
hospital
kitabxana
library
mehmanxana
hotel
-kar ‘doing’
Azerbaijani
English
hevìskar
amateur; enthusiast
gênahkar
guilty
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
27
pìrìstiékar
admirer; fan
sahibkar
owner; entrepreneur
kem- ‘little
Azerbaijani
English
keméirin
half-sweet
kemiétaha
little appetite
-keé ‘pulling; bearing’
Azerbaijani
zìhmìtkeé
English
(hard)working
na- ‘not, un-‘
Azerbaijani
English
naêmid
hopeless
namêmkên
impossible
narahat
worried; uneasy
natamam
unfinished; inconmplete
naxoé
not well; sick
-pìrìst ‘venerating; adhering to’
Azerbaijani
English
28
xìyalpìrìst
dreamer
qanunpìrìst
keeping to the letter of
the law
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
-éinas/-éênas ‘knowing”
Azerbaijani
English
éìrqéênas
student/expert of the
Middle East
diléênas
linguist
xalqéênas
ethnographer
Words of Arabic origin
While borrowings from Arabic play an important role in both languages, they
are used in far greater number in Azerbaijani than in Turkish. The following
table shows words of daily use in Azerbaijani that originate from the Arabic
language. The more commonly used word in modern Turkish appears in
parentheses.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
international
(uluslararas›;
milletleraras›)
hadisì
event
(olay)
ictimai
social
(toplumsal)
iétirak
participation
(kat›l›m)
mìlumat
information
(bilgi)
mêavin
assistant
muavin (yard›mc›)
mêìllim
teacher
(ç¤retmen)
mìqsìd
purpose;
intention
(amaâ; maksat)
nìér
publication
(yay›n)
nìticì
result
(sonuâ; netice)
beynìlxalq,
beynìlmilìl
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
29
sual
question
(soru)
xêsusilì
especially
(çzellikle)
A frequent composition occurs with the Arabic word qeyri meaning ‘other’ that
negates the second element of the compound.
Azerbaijani
English
qeyri-dçzêmlê impatient
qeyri-elmi
unscientific
qeyri-ixtiyari
instinctively
qeyri-tabii
unnatural
qeyri-memnun dissatisfied
qeyri-ciddi
not serious
“False Friends”
Numerous words in Azerbaijani and Turkish look similar but have a markedly
different meaning and can be a source of confusion. Some pairs show a
recognizable relationship but only overlap partially in meaning and use.
30
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
English
qonaq
guest
konak
mansion
sa¤ olun
thank you;
goodbye
sa¤ olun
thank you
tìzì
new
taze
fresh
maraql›
interesting
merakl›
curious
danݎ-
to speak
danݎ-
to consult; ask advice
gçzlì-
to wait
gçzle-
to observe
bazarl›q elì-
to shop
pazarl›k et-
to bargain
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
tap-
to find
tap-
to worship
qurtar-
to finish
kurtar-
to rescue
âat-
to arrive, reach; to
âatgain; to
accomplish
çt-
to pass
çt-
to chirp
çtêé-
to race
çtêé-
to chirp, sing together
(birds)
cêcì
chick; poultry
cêce
dwarf
hìyìcan
alarm; anxiety
heyecan
excitement
canavar
wolf
canavar
monster, beast
q݉
leg
k݉
behind (body part)
sìmt
direction,
orientation;
region
semt
neighborhood; district
kìnd
village
kent
city
to attach, fasten; to attack,
scold
Some words in Azerbaijani are formed by such familiar elements as the –lI, -âI or
–(y)Ié suffixes, yet the same are not used in Turkish to convey the concept in
question. Or, as in ayaqyal›n and yal›nayak (see below), the members of a
compound appear in reverse order. In other cases, Azerbaijani may use components
that exist in Turkish as well. However, these can form compositions in Azerbaijani
that either do not exist in Turkish in the same form (e.g. baéa dêé-, see below) or are
not used as commonly. Forming words with the help of suffixes often yields words
with different notions. Compare some examplescontaining the root “do¤-“ in the
following list. In the table below, you will find the Azerbaijani and Turkish
equivalents, respectively, of the English items in the center column.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
aâar
key
anahtar
aileli
married
evli (aileli: ‘with family’)
dçrdadaml›q
(for) four people
dçrt kiéilik
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
31
sorué-
to ask
sor- (sorué-‘investigate’)
fikirlìé-
to ponder, think
dêéên-
â›x›é
performance,
presentation; exit
gçsteri; sunum
baéa dêé-
to understand
anla-
haz›rlaé-
to get ready
haz›rlan-
itìlì-
to push
it-
gçzlì-
to wait
bekle-
yaz›â›*
writer; author
yazar (yaz›c›: ‘printer’)
do¤-
to give birth
do¤ur-**
do¤ur-
to cause; to raise; to
provoke
to cause; to raise; to provoke
do¤ulma gênê
birthday
do¤um gênê, yaé gênê
anadan ol-, do¤ul-
to be born
do¤-, dênyaya gel-
ayaqyal›n
barefoot
yal›nayak
qìlbitemiz
good-hearted
temizkalpli
tanݎ ol-
to meet; to get to
know
tanݎ-
êzêgêlìr
cheerful; joyous;
friendly
gêleryêzlê
orta hesabla
on average
ortalama (olarak)
*Note that the equivalent of the Turkish suffix –cI, is –âI in Azerbaijani, producing nouns
as: yalanâ› (‘lier’), âçrìkâi (‘baker’), and denizâi (‘sailor; seaman’).
**Do¤urmaq means, in Azerbaijani: “to cause; to raise; to provoke,” not to give birth to a
human or animal. In Turkish, this verb’s meanings encompass both the notion of giving
birth and those figurative meanings listed for Azerbaijani.
32
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Other similar looking forms have significantly different meanings and thus can
be counted with the group of “False friends” mentioned above (see page 30). For
some items, there is a distinct semantic overlap, i.e., some meanings are shared,
yet, it is not always the primary meaning of a word that is common to both
languages.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
English
bìrabìr
equal; same; joint;
together; near
beraber
together
dêé-
to fall; get off (a bus,
etc.); land (for a
plane, etc.)
dêé-
to fall
doland›r-
to turn over; take care
doland›rof; provide
to cheat, swindle
dêz
straight; correct (dêz
cavab = correct
answer)
dêz
straight; even; flat
kêpì
jug; pitcher
kêpe
earring
sêmêk
bone
sêmêk
mucus (of the nose)
sêmêklê
bony
sêmêklê
snotty
ênvan
address
ênvan
title
ìrik
apricot
erik
plum (apricot = kay›s›)
dal
back; hind part
dal
branch
daldan-dala
later; afterwards
daldan dala
from branch to branch
ax›r
end
ah›r
stable (for animals)
qabaq
pumpkin; front
kabak
pumpkin, gourd
sar›
yellow; toward
sar›
yellow
âirk
dirt
âirkin
ugly
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
33
European borrowings
The Azerbaijani lexicon contains Russian words, as well as words from other
European languages that have entered through Russian, most notably from
German. While both languages have loanwords from French, in the Azerbaijani
lexicon, the same French word was often assimilated differently (e.g., see éofer
below).
Examples of words of European origin in Azerbaijani.
34
Azerbaijani
English
état
state
eyalet
Kaliforniya
état›
the State of
California
Kaliforniya
Eyaleti
maé›n
car
araba
marafon
marathon
maraton
noyabr
November
Kas›m
avtobus
bus
otobês
simvol
symbol
sembol
obyekt
object
obje
kostyum
costume
kostêm
stol
table
masa
élyapa
hat
éapka
éofer
chauffeur;
driver
éofçr
poâtxana
post office
postane
konsulxana
consulate
konsolosluk
valyuta
foreign currency dçviz
alkoqol
alcohol
Contrast
Turkish
alkol
köRpü
köPrü
butulka
bottle
éiée
kvadrat
square
kare
abzas
paragraph
paragraf
qalstuk
necktie
kravat
In addition, the number of borrowings from English have rapidly increased in
recent times: e.g., klip, kompêter, mobil telefon, summit/sammit, éou-program,
web sayt›.
Lists of basic words
Numerals
The table lists those numerals which are different in spelling or otherwise from
the Turkish equivalents.
Azerbaijani
Numeral
Turkish
dçrd
4
dçrt
yeddi
7
yedi
sìkkiz
8
sekiz
doqquz
9
dokuz
iyirmi
20
yirmi
q›rx
40
k›rk
ìlli
50
elli
sìksìn, hìétad
80
seksen
doxsan
90
doksan
min
1000
bin
More about numbers:
125 yêz iyirmi beé
1997 min doqquz yêz doxsan yeddi
Î The combination of “half” with a number is expressed as follows:
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
35
beé yar›m (Az.), beé buâuk (Tr.), “five and a half”
Az.
Tr.
Engl.
Neâìnâi?
- Dçrdêncê.
Kaâ›nc›?
- Dçrdêncê.
Which? (What?)
- The fourth.
Î
20 sayl›
20 numara
(with the) number 20
Î
ikiillik
iki y›ll›k; iki yaé›nda two-year; two years old
Î
minillik
biny›l
millennium
Î
beéyaél›
beé yaé›nda
five-year old
Î
Ordinal numbers:
Days of the week
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
birinci gên, bazar ertìsi
Monday
Pazartesi
ikinci gên, âìréìnbì axéam›
Tuesday
Sal›
êâêncê gên, âìréìnbì
Wednesday
Âaréamba
dçrdêncê gên, cêmì axéam›
Thursday
Peréembe
beéinci gên, cêmì
Friday
Cuma
alt›nc› gên, éìnbì
Saturday
Cumartesi
bazar
Sunday
Pazar
Months
Azerbaijani
36
English
Turkish
yanvar
January
Ocak
fevral
February
Éubat
mart
March
Mart
aprel
April
Nisan
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
may
May
May›s
iyun
June
Haziran
iyul
July
Temmuz
avqust
August
A¤ustos
sentyabr
September
Eylêl
oktyabr
October
Ekim
noyabr
November
Kas›m
dekabr
December
Aral›k
English
Turkish
baé
head
baé
gçz
eye
gçz
burun
nose
burun
a¤›z
mouth
a¤›z
dil
tongue
dil
dodaq
lip
dudak
qulaq
ear
kulak
êz
face
yêz
yanaq
cheek
yanak
b›q
mustache
b›y›k
saqqal
beard
sakal
bìdìn
body
vêcut; beden
qol
arm
kol
âiyin
shoulder
omuz
dçé; sinì; kçks
chest
gç¤ês
Parts of the body
Azerbaijani
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
37
ìl
hand
el
barmaq
finger
parmak
q݉
leg
bacak
ayaq
foot
ayak
sêmêk
bone
kemik
kêrìk
back
s›rt
mìdì
stomach
mi¤de
êrìk
heart
kalp; yêrek
Kinship words
Azerbaijani
38
English
Turkish
ana
mother
anne
ata
father
baba
arvad
wife
kar›; eé
ìr
husband
koca; eé
yoldaé
spouse
eé
qardaé
brother
erkek kardeé
bac›
sister
k›z kardeé
k›z
daughter
k›z
o¤ul
son
o¤ul
xala
maternal aunt
teyze
bibi
paternal aunt
hala
day›
maternal uncle
day›
ìmi
paternal uncle
amca
nìnì
grandmother
baba
grandfather
anneanne; babaanne;
bêyêk anne; nine
dede; bêyêk baba
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
See also:
uéaq
bala
qad›n
adam; kiéi
q›z
o¤lan
ailì
qohum
qohum-qardaé
adam; éìxs;
nìfìr
child; baby
baby; infant; child
woman
man
girl
boy
family
relative
relatives
person
Colors
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
a¤
white
beyaz; ak
qara
black
siyah; kara
q›rm›z›
red
k›rm›z›
yaé›l
green
yeéil
gçy
blue
mavi
sar›
yellow
sar›
âìhray›
pink
pembe
grey
grey
gri
English
Turkish
it
dog
kçpek
piéik
cat
kedi
âçrìk
bread
ekmek
istiot
pepper
biber
âax›r; éìrab
wine
éarap
Miscallenous words
Azerbaijani
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
39
pivì
beer
bira
stìkan
glass
bardak
eynìk
eye glasses
gçzlêk
âìtir
umbrella
éemsiye
mìnzil
apartment
daire
kìndli
villager; peasant
kçylê; âiftâi
pul
money
para
D-Noun inflections and function words
Personal pronouns and suffixes
examples
Azerbaijani
mìn
-(y)Em: -(y)ìm, -(y)am
azìriyìm
yor¤unam
sìn
-sEn: -sìn, -san
azìrisìn
yor¤unsan
o
-dIr: -dir, -d›r, -dur, -dêr
azìridir
yor¤undur
biz
-(y)IK: -(y)ik, -(y)›q, -(y)êk, -(y)uq
azìriyik
yor¤unuq
siz
-sInIz: -siniz-, -s›n›z, -sênêz, -sunuz
azìrisiniz
yor¤unsunuz
onlar
-dIrlEr: -dirlìr, -d›rlar, -dêrlìr, -durlar
azìridirlìr
yor¤undurlar
Examples
Turkish
40
ben
-(y)Im
Azeriyim
yorgunum
sen
-sIn
Azerisin
yorgunsun
o
(-DIr)
Azeri(dir)
yorgun
biz
-(y)Iz
Azeriyiz
yorgunuz
siz
-sInIz
Azerisiniz
yorgunsunuz
onlar
-(DIr)(lEr)
Azeri(dir)(ler)
yorgun(dur)(lar)
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Note:
ÎThe
plural suffix is –lìr or –lar.
first person plural ending alternates between a final –k and –q,
i.e., tìlìbìyik, ‘ we are students,’ and azadaq,‘we are free,’ yor¤unuq,
‘we are tired.’
ÎThe
ÎNegation
uses deyil: tìlìbì deyilìm ‘I am not a student’
symbol E, used to indicate the 2-way vowel harmony in
Azerbaijani, represents the vowels ì and a.
ÎThe
tenses are formed with the verbal stem i-: Bçyêk imié; bural›
deyil imié; hava gênìéli idi; orada hìkim yox idi; mìktìbdì deyil idim.
In Turkish, the contracted forms are normally used: bêyêkmêé;
ÎVarious
de¤ilmié; gêneéliydi, yoktu, etc.
Possessives
Azerbaijani has the same possessive suffixes and possessive construction as
Turkish.
mìnim evim, sìnin dostun, bizim evlìrimiz, onlar›n dostlar›, etc.
Demonstratives
Azerbaijani and Turkish demonstrative pronouns are identical.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
bu
this
bu
o
that
o
bunlar
these
bunlar
onlar
those
onlar
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
41
Case
Azerbaijani uses mostly the same case endings as Turkish. However, there are
some differences in ‘buffer’ consonants and consonant assimilation.
Compare the highlighted letters with the Turkish equivalents.
examples
Azerbaijani
Nominative
__
mektub
âanta
çrdìk
Genitive
-(n)In
mektubun
âantan›n çrdìyin
Dative
-(y)E
mektuba
âantaya
çrdìyì
Objective
-(n)I
mektubu
âantan›
çrdìyi
Locative
-dE
mektubda
âantada
çrdìkdì
Ablative
-dEn
mektubdan âantadan çrdìkdìn
examples
Turkish
Nominative __
mektup
âanta
çrdek
Genitive
-(n)In
mektubun
âantan›n çrde¤in
Dative
-(y)E
mektuba
âantaya
çrde¤e
Objective
-(y)I
mektubu
âantay›
çrde¤i
Locative
-DE
mektupta
âantada
çrdekte
Ablative
-DEn
mektuptan
âantadan çrdekten
Personal pronouns in the dative case
Note that in Azerbaijani the front vowel is retained mìn and sìn are used in the
dative.
Azerbaijani
mìn
mìnì
Turkish (dative
case)
ben
sìn
sìnì
sen
(dative case)
42
Contrast
bana
sana
köRpü
köPrü
Interrogatives
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
kim
who
kim
nì
what
ne
hans›
which
hangi
haâan
when
ne zaman
harada
where
nerede
necì
how
nas›l
how much,
neâì
ne kadar, kaâ
many
neâìnâi
kaâ›nc›
which, what
Mìnim on bir yaé›m var.
I am eleven years old.
O balan›n neâì yaé› var?
How old is that child?
- Sìkkiz yaé› var.
- It is eight years old.
Notice the declension of hara ‘where’
Azerbaijani
Nominative hara
Turkish
nere
Genitive
haran›n
nerenin
Dative
hara(ya)
nereye
Objective
haran›
nerenin
Locative
har(a)da
ner(e)de
Ablative
har(a)dan
ner(e)den
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
43
more question forms
haral›
from where
nereli
neâìyì
for how much
kaâa
ne qìdìr
how much
ne kadar
ne cêr
what kind
nì êâên
why
ne biâim,
ne têr
niâin
niyì
why
niye
nìâi
what (for
occupation)
when
neci
nì zaman
ne zaman
E- Various expressions and constructions in comparison and contrast
time
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
dên; dênìn
yesterday
dên
sra¤agên
44
the day before
yesterday
(bir) çnceki gên
hìr gên
every day
her gên
bêtên gênê
all day
bêtên gên (boyunca)
indi
now
éimdi
hìmiéì
always
hep
sabah
tomorrow
yar›n
sìhìr; sabah
morning
sabah
tìz-tìz
often
s›k s›k
tìzliklì
soon
yak›nda
gìlìn dìfì
next time
gelecek sefer
ax›r›nc› dìfì
the last time
son defa
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
indiyìdìk
until now
éimdiye kadar
iyirmi dìqiqìyì
for twenty minutes
yirmi dakikal›¤›na
iki saatdan sonra in two hours
quantity and degree
Azerbaijani
Example
hìr
ham›
hìrì
heâ
iki saat sonra
English
hìr gên
every day
hìr yerdìn
from everywhere
ham›
all; everybody
evlìrin ham›s›
all houses
ham›s›ndan
from all
ham›s›n› sevirìm
I like them all
hìrì
everyone
evlìrin hìrìsi
each of the houses
hìrìni gçrdêm
I saw each one
heâ
never, nothing, not at all
heâ zad; heâ nì;
anything, nothing
heâ bir éey
heâ kim(sì); heâ (bir) kìs
anybody; no one, nobody
heâ yerdì
nowhere
bìzi
bìzi adamlar
some people
art›q
art›q vaxt
more time
hìmin
hìmin
the very same; exactly
hìmin çlkìlìrdì
in the same/those countries
o biri tìrìfdì
on the other side
o biri
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
45
comparison and degree
Example
kimi ‘like’
English
éêéì kimi bir éey
something like glass
onun kimi
like her/him
daha
bu daha yaxé›
this is better
-ìn
onun ota¤› seninkindìn
bçyêkdêr
o alma ìn éirindir
his/her room is bigger than
yours
that apple is the sweetest
lap
Ìli lap gêclêdêr
Ali is very strong
the reflexive öz
Azerbaijani
Example
çz
English
self, own
çzêm gçrdêm
I saw it myself
o çzê mêìllimdir
he (emphatic) is a teacher
sìn çzên onlara zìng vur
call them yourself
çz maé›n› ilì gìlib
she came with her own car
çz-çzêmì dedim
I said to myself
Note: Azerbaijani uses çz where mostly kendi would be used in Turkish.
postpositions
Azerbaijani and Turkish have many postpositions in common. However, some
are unique to Azerbaijani and some that will look familiar can behave differently
with regard to sentence structure and meaning.
barìdì ‘about’
Bìlkì bu barìdì sìn mìnì kçmìk edìsìn?
Maybe you could help me with this?
Éìrifov 2002-2003 tìdris ilindì mìktìbdì gçrêlmêé iélìr, tìdrisin keyfiyyìti
barìdì mìlumat verib.
Éarifov gave information about the work accomplished at the school during the
2002-2003 school year and the quality of the instruction.
46
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Kìndlilìrdìn kartoflar›n harada yetidédirilmìsi barìdì soruéur.
S/he is asking the villagers where the potatos are grown.
kimi ‘like, as’
O deyìn kimi edìk.
Let’s do as s/he said.
Ìli mìni gçrìn kimi gêldê.
Ali laughed as soon as he saw me. / Ali saw me and laughed.
Tehran Bak›n› Avropa mallar›n›n ‹raqa daé›nmas›nda tranzit çlkì kimi iétirìkì
dìvìt edir.
Tehran is inviting Baku to participate in the transportation of European goods to
Iraq as country of transit.
---Also: ‘towards, up to, until’
Axéama kimi
towards/until the evening
gçrì ‘according to, thanks to, since, because’
«Ata yurdu» tìkcì mìzmununa gçrì deyil, quruluéca da sìnin ìvvìllìr
oxudu¤un dìrsliklìrdìn fìrqlìnir.
Ata yurdu differs from textbooks you have read earlier, not only because of its
contents but also because of its structure.
Diqqìtinizì gçrì sa¤ olun.
Thank you for your attention.
sar› ‘towards’
Aybìnizin evinì sar› gedir.
S/he is going towards Aybeniz’ house.
êâên ‘for’
Maraql› maé›n› gçrmìk êâên tez-tez kêâìyì â›xd›m.
I quickly went out to the street to see the interesting.
---êâên can be attached to the preceding noun and thus can appear as follows:
Birinci sinif éagirdlìrinin mìktìb, dìrsliklìr, mêìllimlìri barìdìki tììssêrat›
bizimâên hìmiéì maraql› olub.
The impressions of the first-year students about the school, the textbooks, and
their teachers has always been interesting for us.
Kiminâên?
For whom?
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
47
Questions
Yes-no questions
Yes-no questions can be formed with or without the question particle in
Azerbaijani. When m› is not used, the question is asked with rising intonation.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
Vaxt›n var?
Do you have time?
__
Vaxt›n varm›?
Do you have time?
Vaktin var m›?
Bu yaponcad›r?
Is this Japanese?
__
Bu yaponcad›rm›?
Is this Japanese?
Bu Japonca m›(d›r)?
O iédìdir?
Is s/he at work?
__
O iédìdirmi?
Is s/he at work?
O iéte mi(dir)?
Kamal bìy getmié?
Has Kemal Bey gone?
__
Kamal bìy getmiémi?
Has Kemal Bey gone?
Kemal Bey gitmié mi?
Siz tìlìbìsiniz?
Are you a student?
__
Siz tìlìbìsinizmi?
Are you a student?
Siz talebe misiniz?
Siz tìlìbì deyilsiniz?
Are you not a student?
__
Siz tìlìbì deyilsinizmi? Are you not a student?
Siz talebe de¤il misiniz?
Hava istidirmi?
Is the weather warm?
Hava s›cak m›(d›r)?
Kitabxana buradan
uzaqd›rm›?
Is the library far from
here?
Kêtêphane buradan uzak
m›(d›r)?
Baxabilìrsìnmi?
Could you look?
Bakabilir misin?
Âçrìk almaq êâên tez
gedìcìyikmi?
Will you go early to get
bread?
Ekmek almak iâin erken gidecek
miyiz?
Bak›n› bìyìndiniz?
Did you like Baku?
__
ÎQuestions
with interrogative pronouns
Nìdìndir?
Niyì belìdir?
48
Contrast
‘Why (is that)?’
‘Why is it so?’
köRpü
köPrü
Neâìyìdir?
Film nì vaxt qurtar›r?
Siz xarada iélìyirsiniz?
O xaradad›r?
İl hardan gəldi, hara getdi,
heâ bilmədik.
ÎDouble
‘How much is it/does it cost?’
‘When is the film ending?’
‘Where do you work?’
‘Where is s/he?’
‘Where did the year come from, where did it
go, we have no idea.’ (Said at the beginning of a new
year.)
questions, i.e., questions with “or”
“or” questions
Siz Bak›da yaéay›rs›z, ya Gìncìdì?
Do you live in Baku or in Ganja?
Hìsìn bizì gelìcìk, ya Éirin?
Will Hasan visit us or Shirin?
Sìn ikinci s›n›fta oxuyursan, ya êâêncê? Are you in second or third grade?
“or not” questions
Bu sìnin kitab›nd›r, yoxsa yox?
Q›z›n›z mêxìndisdir, yoxsa yox?
Bizimlì
gìlìcìksìn, yoxsa
yox?
Possibility
Bugên muzeyì getmìk mêmkêndêr?
Operaya necì getmìk olar?
Sìnì sabah zìng etmìk olarm›?
Is this your book or not?
Is your daughter an engineer or not?
You will come with us or won’t you?
Î
Misal olarak bu sçzê gçstìrmìk olar.
Buradan indi keâmìk olmaz.
Is it possible to go to the museum today?
How can I go to the opera?
Can I call you tomorrow?
As an example, this word can be shown.
You cannot pass through here now. / It is
impossible to get through here now.
Verbs
Please refer to the verb inflection tables in the Appendix for a listing of major
verbal paradigms.
The structure and functions of verb forms is largely identical in the two languages.
However, differences exist. From among the numerous paradigms two basic tense
forms are important to distinguish: the present progressive and the habitual
present/indefinite future (or aorist).
köRpü
köPrü
Contrast
49
The present progressive
The Present Progressive is formed with the marker –(y)Ir- followed by the basic
personal endings, except for the 3rd person singular and plural
Present progressive endings:
Azerbaijani
mìn
-Ir + -(y)ìm, -(y)am
sìn
-Ir + -sìn, -san
o
-Ir
biz
-Ir + -(y)ik, -(y)›q, -(y)êk, -(y)uq
siz
-Ir + -siniz-, -s›n›z, -sênêz, -sunuz,
onlar
-Ir + -lìr, -lar
Compare the resulting forms with those in Turkish.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
gedirìm / oxuyuram
I am going / reading
gidiyorum / okuyorum
gedirik / oxuyuruq
we are going / reading
gidiyoruz / okuyoruz
getmirìm / oxumuram
I am not going / reading
gitmiyorum / okumuyorum
getmirik / oxumuruq
we are not going / reading
gitmiyoruz / okumuyoruz
The habitual present/indefinite future
The verbs in the habitual present/indefinite future are distinguished from the
forms above by one single vowel in the tense marker, for both the affirmative
and negative (see green highlights).
50
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
gedìrìm
I go; I will (probably) go
giderim
oxuyaram
I read; I will (probably) read
okurum
getmìrìm
I don’t go: I (probably) won’t go
gitmem
oxumaram
I don’t read: I (probably) won’t read
okumam
Contrast
köRpü
köPrü
Habitual Present / Indefinite Future endings
Azerbaijani
mìn
-Er + -(y)ìm, -(y)am
sìn
-Er + -sìn, -san
o
-Er
biz
-Er + -(y)ik, -(y)›q
siz
-Er + -siniz-, -s›n›z
onlar
-Er + -lìr, -lar
The present perfect / Evidential
The present perfect/evidential, in Turkish often referred to as the –mIé past, occurs
in two sets of forms for the second and third persons. Even though the form in –mIé
is considered more formal, verbs in the –(y)Ib perfect are found in the written
language as well.
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
o alm›éd›r / o al›bd›r
s/he has taken, appears to have taken
o alm›é(t›r)
mìni gçrêb
s/he has seen me
beni gçrmêé
Ìli mìni gçrmìyib
Ali has not seen me
Ali beni gçrmemié
siz alm›(é)s›n›z*
you have taken, appear to have taken
alm›és›n›z
onlar gçrmêélìr / onlar
gçrêblìr
they have seen, seem to have seen
gçrmêé(ler)
* The é is dropped in oral and written speech.
Note: While verbs ending in –mIé and –(y)Ib are normally used to report past
events that the speaker has not witnessed, in Azerbaijani, this verb form can also
occur when Turkish would use the definite or –DI past. This is an issue of
choosing a certain ‘narrative perspective’ that is related to the aspect of
definiteness and second-hand evidence as expressed in a speaker’s/writer’s
reporting of events. For instance, Azerbaijani newspapers often use “reported” or
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Contrast
51
“unwitnessed” speech, where Turkish would use the definite past tense, -DI.
(For examples, see Chapter 2: 2.a.-d.)
Éagirdlìrì vì onlar›n mêìllimlìrinì diplomlar tìqdim edilib.
Diplomas were presented to the students and their teachers.
(A. Kamalo¤lu, Zaman, 20-21, May 2003: 10)
Sonra éagirdlìrin ifalar› dinlìnib.
Later the audience listened to the students’ performances/recitals.
(Xatirì Sìlimova, Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: 10)
[In a Turkish newspaper the verb forms edildi/edilmiétir and dinlendi / dinlenmiétir,
respectively, would be used instead.]
See also:
Maéta¤ada anadan olmuéam. Ailìmizdì savada, biliyì bçyêk diqqìt gçstìrirdilìr.
I was born in Maéta¤a. In my family much attention was paid to education and learning.
(N. Ìbxêlrìhmanl› (2003) Qobustan, s. 17)
[A speaker of Turkish would use the simple past here: … do¤dum.]
Î Finally, remember that verbs ending in –(y)Ib that you know from Turkish as
converbs that are used to link two actions can function in Azerbaijani sentences either
as converb or as finite verbs, when they appear at the end of a sentence.
a) Converb
Turkish:
Eve gidip hemen televizyonu aât›m.
I went home and turned on the television right away.
Azerbaijani:
Mollan›n yan›na bir éair gìlib deyir: — Molla, neâì vaxtd›r
ki, êrìyimdì bir a¤r› hiss edirìm, elì bil êrìyimdì bir éey
qalm›éd›r.
A poet approaches the Molla and says: - Molla, for some time now I have been
feeling a pain in my heart, it seems that something is stuck in my heart.
b) Finite verb:
Mollan›n yan›na bir éair gìlib.
A poet approached the Molla.
Compare the Azerbaijani above sentence with the Turkish sentence below:
Molla’n›n (Hoca’n›n) yan›na bir éair gelmié.
A poet approached the Molla (Hoja).
52
Contrast
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Below you will find more examples of the finite verb in –(y)Ib:
Mìhié Mìhìmmìd o¤lu Dìmirov 1895-ci ildì anadan olub.
(…was born in 1895.)
Sovet hakimiyyìtini gìnc ikìn qaré›lay›b.
(…experienced Soviet dominance while s/he was young.)
Bìs yêkê at›n êstênì kim qoyubdur? – Éeytan qoyubdur,
mìnim ondan hìbìrim yoxdur.
(But who put the load on the back of the horse? - The devil did, I have
nothing to do with it.)
(M. F. Axundov. 2001. Ìsìrleri, Bak›, p. 69)
Âak Norris Azìrbaycana dìvìt olunub.
(Chuck Norris has been invited to Azerbaijan.)
http://www.525.az/new/2008/02/01/read=25043
Azərbaycanda "quş qripi" tap›lmay›b.
(The “bird flu” has not been found in Azerbaijan.)
http://www.525.az/new/2008/02/01/
Note how, in the following example from a journal, a clause ending in
–(y)Ib is connected with the conjunction vì. This construction would be
ungrammatical in Turkish. Compare the Azerbaijani and Turkish equivalents.
“NEÉ”dì sìhifìlìnib
vì âap olunmuédur.
Qobustan (2003) Azìrbaycan Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin Nìéri, 1 (121), Bak›.
“NEÉ”te dêzenlenip yay›nlanm›ét›r.
(The journal) was designed and published at “NEÉ.”
The abilitative mode
The negation of the verbs in the abilitative mode (“to be able”) is constructed differently
than in Turkish. (See also the section on “Possibility,” on page 46 above.)
Azerbaijani
English
Turkish
Sìni gçrì bilmirìm.
I can’t see you.
Seni gçremiyorum.
Kitab› tapa bilmìdim.
I wasn’t able to find the
book.
Kitab› bulamad›m.
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53
Kinoya gidì bilmìyìcìksìnmi?
Mektubu oxuya bilmìmiélìr.
Won’t you be able to go
the movie theater?
They could not read the
letter.
Sinemaya
gidemeyecek misin?
Mektubu
okuyamamݎlar.
Temporal subordination
-dIKdE
To render the meaning of ‘when’ or ‘as’ when linking two actions, Azerbaijani uses the
suffixes -dikdì–d›qda, -dêkdì, -duqda.
Éìhìrin bazar›n› gìzdikdì birisi ondan soruéur:
Éehrin pazar›n› gezerken/gezdi¤inde birisi ona sorar:
When visiting the city’s market, somebody asks him:
Bak›ya getdikdì Éirini de gçrdêm.
Bakê’ye gitti¤imde Éirin’i de gçrdêm.
When I went to Baku I also saw Shirin.
–(y)EndE
The gerundial form –(y)EndE serves as another means to join actions by subordinating
one action to a main action, a construction that is close in meaning to –dIKdE
constructions (see above).
Onu gçrìndì âox sevindik.
Onu gçrênce/gçrdê¤êmêzde âok sevindik.
We were very happy when we saw him/her.
Éìfiqì xan›m Bostona gìlìndì bizim ilì gçrêéìcìkmi?
Éefika Han›m Boston’a geldi¤inde/gelince bizimle gçrêéecekmi?
Is Éafika Han›m going to see us when we are in Boston?
Real həyatda bunlar› tapa bilməyəndə kitablara s›ğ›n›r›q.
Gerâek hayatta bunlar› bulamad›¤›m›z zaman kitaplara s›¤›n›r›z.
When we don’t find these in real life we escape into/find shelter in
books.
54
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Relative constructions
–(y)En
In Azerbaijani the participle ending in –(y)En works as a modifier like in Turkish.
âay iâìn kiéi
oxunmayan kitab
o¤lu mêìllim olan yaz›â›
the person drinking tea
the book that is not read/has not been read
the writer whose son is a teacher
However, unlike Turkish, Azerbaijani makes use of this participle also in the following
type of relative clause:
Maryam evlìnìn kiéi Gìncìlidir.
Meryem’in evlendi¤i kiéi Genceli’dir.
The man Maryam is marrying/has married is from Ganja.
Sizin gìlìn saatda o da gìlìcìk.
Sizin gelece¤iniz saatte o da gelecek.
At the time you are coming, s/he is also coming.
Mìn anadan olan kìnd âox kiâik idi.
Benim do¤du¤um kçy âok kêâêktê.
The village where I was born was very small.
Mìn deyìn kimi
Benim dedi¤im gibi
As I am saying/said
The relative suffix -kI
In Azerbaijani, this suffix follows the 4-way vowel harmony:
Bak›dak› universitetlìr
Aéa¤›dak› cêmlìlìr
stoldak› karandaélar
mìnimki
mìnimkindìn
dênìnki
builki
onunku
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the universities in Ankara
the sentences below
the pencils on the table
mine
from mine
(the one’s) from yesterday (Turkish: dênkê)
this year’s; from this year (Turkish: by y›lki)
his/hers
Contrast
55
The conjunction ki
A borrowing from Persian, this conjunction is frequently used in Turkish for
subordination without the use of a Turkic participial construction:
Korkar›m ki gidemeyecekler.
I am afraid they won’t be able to go.
Bakt›m ki ya¤mur ya¤ayacak, éemsiyemi ald›m.
I saw that it would rain and took my umbrella.
Babam dedi ki yar›n gelece¤iz.
My father said we would come tomorrow.
In Azerbaijani, ki is used in the same type of sentences, as those provided above for
Turkish, but more frequently and with a greater range of means to connect clauses.
Study the final two examples below.
Çyrìndim ki Leyla ilì gçrêéêbsìn.
I have learned that you met with Leyla.
“Molla, necì olur ki, sìn hìmiéì suala sualla cavab verirsìn?”
Molla, how is it that you always answer a question with a question?
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,”Azerbaijan
Âox ehtimal ki ….
International, Autumn 1996, p. 20)
It is very likely that ….
O kiéi ki, qìhvì iâir rusdur.
The person drinking coffee is Russian.
Oqtay yeganì qardaéd›r ki, kìnddì yaéay›b-iélìyir.
Oktay is the only brother who is living and working in the village.
(Yìhya Paéazadì, 525-ci qìzet, 1 sentyabr 2005)
56
Contrast
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Part 2: Readings
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58
Chapter 1
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Chapter 1
Samples from Print Publications
11..aa.. The items numbered 1–16 are taken from different types of publications
and belong to different topics. Fill in the table with item numbers, assigning
each of the items to the topic to which it most likely belongs. Some items may
belong to more than one topic. Use the glossary below if needed.
Misal:
5 Arts/Culture/Entertainment
6 Azerbaijan or regional/neighboring countries
Publication/Editorial
Information
Azerbaijan or
regional/neighborin
g countries
World
6
Arts/Culture/
Entertainment
Sports
Health
5
köRpü
1.
Su iâmìk êâên 40 sìbìb
2.
Azìrbaycan Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin nìéri
3.
Âak Norris Azìrbaycana dìvìt olunub
4.
Azìrbaycan ‹rana qaz satacaq
5.
“Kitab-› Dede Qorqud”un Avropa sìfìri
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Chapter 1
59
6.
‹randan Azìrbaycana yeni tìklif
7.
Bak›da gêl bayram›
8.
Klintonla Obama bar›éd›lar
9.
31 aile Azìrbaycandan Gêrcêstana kçâdê
10.
Mingìâevirì q›z›l medal gìldi
11.
21-ci ìsrdì siqaret 1 milyard insan›n çlêmênì sìbìb ola bilìr
12.
Azìrbaycanda “qué qripi” tap›lmay›b
13.
Ermìniler yenì atìékìsi pozublar
14.
….
Azìrbaycan Respublikas›n›n Prezidenti zati-alilìri Heydìr Ìliyev
15.
Tehranda aâ›lm›é Beynìlxalq kitab sìrgisindì ….
16.
“Shell” saatda $3.2 milyon qazan›b
atìékìs
âatd›raq
dìvìt
ìsr
Gêrcêstan
ìmìkdaél›q
kçâqazan›b
q›z›l
qr›p
misal
Mingìâevir
nìér
pozredaktor
sìbìb
sìfìr
tap›lmay›b
60
Chapter 1
truce; cease-fire
let us bring
invitation
century
Georgia (country)
collaboration
to move
has earned
gold
flu
example
city in Azerbaijan
publication
to violate; disturb
editor
reason
trip; tour
was not found
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11..bb.. Answer the questions based on the information provided in items 1.-16.
above.
What is said about the bird flu?
What event took place in Tehran?
What do you know about “Qitab-› Dede Qorqud?”
Look at the proper names appearing in items 1.-16. above. What can you
observe about the orthographic rule that governs the addition of a suffix
to a proper name?
22..aa.. This information is printed on a box for an Azerbaijani dish called
dêébìrì. Write the number of the best English equivalent next to each item on
the left. Pay attention to distractors, i.e., deliberately incorrect choices.
Misal:
---------
5 Nué olsun
Xan dêébìrìsi
Unudulmué reseptin unudulmaz
dad›
Nué olsun
Evlìrì xidmìt
Emal tarixi: 29 YAN 2001
‹stifadì tarixi: Emal tarixdìn
etibarìn 20 gên
-----------------
1.
2.
Manufacturing date
Weight
3.
4.
5.
6.
Product name
Use by/Expiration date
Bon appetit
Home delivery
7.
Marketing slogan
22..bb.. Take a look at the plural suffix in the noun evlìr above.
Language Note:
The plural suffix has the form –lìr / -lar.
evlìr – sçzlìr – gênlìr - dìftìrlìr - dillìr
da¤lar - q›zlar - dostlar – oyunlar - fincanlar
The letter ì appears also in other suffixes:
evì – evdì - evdìn – Têrkiyìdì - Gìncìdìn
To learn more about the plural, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (p. 33).
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Chapter 1
61
22..cc.. Add the plural suffix to the following nouns.
baé – gêl – jurnal – tarix – q›é - ev – xidmìt – dêébìrì – kino – ìl
33..aa.. Make two word lists:
(1) list the Azerbaijani words you did not know before;
(2) list the words you knew from Turkish that have either the same or a
different spelling in Azerbaijani.
33..bb.. Study the words and write down the vowel letters in the Azerbaijani
alphabet. What do you notice?
Language Note:
Azerbaijani has the following nine vowels:
/a/, /›/, /o/, /u/ and /e/, /ì/, /i/, /ç/,
/ê/.
To learn more about the vowel system, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (pp. 2-3; 7; 11-12).
(AzerNews.com)
62
Chapter 1
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44..aa.. These words and phrases appeared on the title page of a journal. Write
the number of the best English equivalent next to each item on the left. Pay
attention to distractors.
Misal:
9 Publishers
-----------------
Ìdìbiyyat vì gçzel sìnìtlìr jurnal›
Say›
Yaé›
Korrektor
2
5
9
8
-----------------
Baé redaktor
Bìdii redaktor
Redaksiya heyìti
Tìsisâilìr
1
7
4
3
6
Art editor
Year
Publishers
Literature and fine arts
journal
Editor-in-chief
Compiler
Proof-reader
Issue
Editorial board
44..bb.. Now study the editorial information of the newspaper “Zaman.”
TÌSiSÂi
SAY›
BAÉ DiREKTOR
REDAKTOR
MÌSUL KATiB
REDAKTOR MÊAViNi
KOMERSiYA DiREKTORU
MÌTBAA MÊDiRi
REKLAM MÊDiRi
DiZAYNERLÌR
NÇVBÌTÂi REDAKTOR
ÊNVANIMIZ
ZAMAN
Zaman ‹dhalat - ‹xracat Firmas›
56/1938
Enes Cansever
Êrfan Mìmmìdli
Sìmìd Mìlikzadì
Ayd›n Ucal
Osman Uâak
‹brahim Eker
Arif Keysan
Kamandar Hêseynov, Hikmìt Rzayev
Ayd›n Ucal
Bak›, Atatêrk Prospekti. 28.
(Zaman, 20-21 may 2003, s. 2)
44..cc.. Please answer.
-
Where is this paper published and by whom?
What is the word for “address?”
Mêavin and nçvbìtâi both mean “assistant,” “deputy.”
Who, then, is the editor-in-chief of Zaman?
What types of ‘directors’ are listed?
44..dd.. The following information appeared on the title page of a journal.
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Chapter 1
63
Gçzìl sìnìtlìr toplusu
1
2003
121
QOBUSTAN
Azerbaycan Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin nìéri
YARADICI HEY’ÌT
Fikrìt QOC
Maarif SOLTAN
Tofiq ABD‹N
Esmira NÌZÌRL‹
Ayxan RÌSULOV
Zêlfiyyì
Baé redaktor
Baé redaktor mêavini
Mìs’ul katib
Éç’bì mêdiri
Bìdii redaktor
Kompêter y›¤›c›s›
“Qobustan”
1969-cu ildìn â›x›r
Azerbaycan Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin nìéri
Qiymìti 5000 manat
Redaksiyan›n ênvan›:
Bak›, Xaqani kêâìsi 25
4-cê mìrtìbì
Telefon: 93-68-01
“NEÉ”dì sìhifìlìnib
vì âap olunmuédur.
Bak›, Tramvay dçngìsi, 2/6.
Qobustan (2003) Azìrbaycan Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin Nìéri, 1 (121), Bak›.
64
Chapter 1
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Language Note:
The sign “ ‘ “, as in hì’yìt and mì’sul, is
used to indicate a brief pause between
the two sounds between which it appears.
While it was part of the Azerbaijani Cyrillic
alphabet, it does not officially belong in the
new Latin alphabet.
44..ee.. Please answer.
What is the name of this publication?
In which year did the journal appear?
How much does it cost?
Which organization publishes this journal?
Name the functions of Maarif Soltan and Ayxan Rìsulov.
Make a guess as to which of these words mean floor, print, and street,
respectively?
kêâì – mìrtìbì – ênvan - âap
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Chapter 1
65
66
Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
Schools and Competitions
11..aa.. This is the beginning of a brief news item.
Ìlifba bayram› ham›n› sevindirdi
Ìli Bayraml› éìhìrindìki Mìftun Osmanov ad›na 20 sayl› orta
mìktìbdì ìlifba bayram› keâirilmiédir. Tìdbirdì birinci sinif
éagirdlìrilì birlikdì mêìllimlìr ve valideynlìr dì iétirak
etmiélìr.
(Sìrraf Nìzìr, Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: 10)
éagird
mêìllim
valideyn
student
teacher
parent
11..bb.. Please answer.
-
What do you know about school number 20?
Who participated in the alphabet holiday celebrations?
22..aa.. This news item reports on the results of the science olympics in the
province of Nakhchivan.
Qaliblìrì diplomlar tìqdim edilib
Bu gênlìrdì Naxâ›van Têrk Liseyindì Azìrbaycanda keâirilìn
fìnn olimpiadalar›nda yer tutmué éagirdlìrì diplomlar›n
tìqdimetmì mìrasimi keâirilib.
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67
Tìdbirdì Naxâ›van MR tìhsil naziri Hìmzì Cìfìrov, Naxâ›van
Têrk liseylìri genìl koordinatoru Muammer Têrk, têrk ié
adamlar›, liseylìrin mêdirlìri, valideynlìr vì éagirdlìr iétirak
ediblìr.
(Aqéin Kamalo¤lu, Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: s. 10)
22..bb.. Please answer.
-
Qalib means victor, winner. Based on this information in the header, tell
who received diplomas in this special ceremony.
Guess the meaning of tìdbir in the second paragraph.
Who were the individuals and groups that participated in the event?
22..cc.. Look at the verb forms keâirilib and iétirak ediblìr. Compare their use
with the forms keâirilmiédir and iétirak etmiélìr in 1.a. above.
There exist two distinct verb forms to describe past events with the
present perfect tense. The form with the marker –mIé is considered
more formal than the present perfect tense verb formed with –(y)Ib.
However, both can occur, interchangeably, within the same passage.
3.pers. singular
3.pers. plural
a) in formal use:
etmiédir
yazm›éd›r
etmié(dir)lìr
yazm›é(d›r)lar
b) in less formal use:
edib(dir)
yaz›b(d›r)
edib(dir)lìr
yaz›b(d›r)lar
To learn more about the present perfect tense, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (pp. 235f. and and 331).
Both forms (e.g., etmiédir/edib(dir)) convey that the narrator is
distancing him or herself from the reported event and is not likely to
have witnessed it. Note that this unwitnessed voice can be used in
Azerbaijani for headlines, whereas, in Turkish, the ‘witnessed’ voices
–DI or –mIéDIr are used. For examples, in Azerbaijani, see the
headlines in 1.a. and 2.a. above.
68
Chapter 2
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22..dd.. Summarize the information provided in the final paragraph of this article.
Sonra yêksìk nìticìlìr ìldì etmié éagirdlìrì vì onlar›n
mêìllimlìrinì diplomlar tìqdim edilib. Qeyd edìk ki, fìnn
olimpiadalar›nda Naxâ›van› 101 nìfìr éagird tìmsil etmié,
onlardan 72 nìfìri yer tutmuédur. Bu 72 nìfìrin 34-ê isì
Naxâ›van têrk liseylìrinin pay›na dêéêb. Ayr›ca qazan›lan 9
birincilikdìn 6-s›n›
Naxâ›van têrk liseylìrinin éagirdlìri
qazan›blar.
(A. Kamalo¤lu, Zaman, 20-21, May 2003: 10)
nìticì
qeyd ettìmsil et-
result
to note
to represent
22..ee.. Underline the verbs in the past tense. Notice how the formal
present perfect (-mIé) is used in alternation with its informal
counterpart –(y)Ib.
Þ
33..aa.. This short article about Elvis Presley appeared under the heading
‘“Internet” pìncìrìsindìn baxd›qda.’ Find the missing words from the list
below. Pay attention to distractors.
Kraldan daha âox kral olan
Rok-n-rolun ìfsanìvi qìhrìman› Elvis Preslinin __1. __ dekabr
ay›n›n 8-nì dêéêr hìr il. Bu tarix 2003-cê ildì bêtên __2. __
qeyd olunacaq. Heâ éêbhìsiz bêtên dênyan›n bir parâas› olan
Azìrbaycanda da bu tarix sìssiz keâmìyìcìk ve 60-lar›n ìfsanìvi
__3. __
Elvis Presli bir âox musiqi tìékilatlar› tìrìfindìn
an›lacaq.
Elvis Presli yaéay›r!!! Rok-o-nrol musiqisinì bçyêk bir âevrilié
gìtirìn vì onun tarixinì çz __4. __ atan Elvis Presli 1977-ci ildì
çldêyênì baxmayaraq xêsusilì Amerikada onun yaéad›¤›na
inanan bir âox insan var. Bìs baéqa çlkìlìrdì necì? Tìbii ki,
__5. __ bu qìdìr heyranl›q olmaz, amma Elvisin musiqisini a¤›ll›
baéla vì heyranl›qla dinlìmìk istìyìnlìr hìlì dì yaéamaqdad›r.
Amerikada Elvis Fan klub deyilìn bir klub var vì bu klubun ,
__6. __ bir âox yerlìrinì dì bu éçbìlìri yarad›lm›éd›r.
(Qobustan (2003) 1 (121): 27)
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69
Misal:
1. do¤um gênê
---------------------------------
insan›
dênyan›n
bizim çlkìdì
dênyada
dênyadan
do¤um gênê
hìr ay
imzas›n›
ìfsanìvi
qeyd oluntìékilat
anxêsusilì
heyranl›q
éçbì
legendary
to be remembered,
noted
organization
to commemorate
especially
admiration; pleasure
branch
33..bb.. Mark if the following is true (D = Dêz) or false (S = Sìhv).
According to what is said in this text …..
----- Elvis Presley’s birthday is likely to receive some attention in Azerbaijan.
----- Elvis Presley brought about a revolution in rock’n’roll music.
----- In Azerbaijan, no fans of Elvis Presley exist in the 21st century.
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44..aa.. This short article appeared under the heading ‘“Internet” pìncìrìsindìn
baxd›qda.’
2002-ci ilin éanss›z ulduzlar›
Pop musiqinin Prensesi êâên a¤›r il
Pop musiqinin prensesi kimi bir ad alan 21 yaél› Britney Spears
keâdiyimiz ilin ulduzu idi. Ancaq 2003-cê il onun êâên âox
a¤›r baélad›. Niéanl›s› Justin Timberlakedìn ayr›lan ulduz,
tìsìllini Nyu-Yorkda Nêla adl› bir restoran aâmaqda tapd›.
Ancaq ié bacarmamaq êzêndìn zìrìrì u¤rayan restoran q›sa
mêddìtdì iflas etdi vì qapand›. 2003-cê ildì onun ailìsindì dì
hìr éey qaydas›nda olmad› vì anas› atas›ndan boéand›.
Reklam›n› elìdiyi Pepsi firmas›nda koka-kola iâìrkìn onu
âìkdilìr vì firma sçzlìémìni gìrìksiz bildi.
(Qobustan (2003) 1 (121): 27)
tìsìlli
tapzìrìr
mêddìt
iflas
qaydas›nda
elìsçzlìémì
gìrìksiz bil-
consolation
to find
loss
period of time
failure; bankruptcy
in order
= etcontract
to cancel
44..bb.. Take a close look at this sentence. Then try to answer the questions.
Reklam›n› elìdiyi Pepsi firmas›nda koka-kola iâìrkìn onu
âìkdilìr vì firma sçzlìémìni gìrìksiz bildi.
What is Britney Spears’ relation to the Pepsi company?
Who drank Coca Cola and where?
-- Name the words that belong to the subject of ‘family.’
-- List the reasons why the year 2003 was a difficult one for Britney Spears.
-- Find the words that mean father and star, respectively.
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Notice the spelling of the words:
il year,
ulduz star,
êz face, and
êzênden because of, due to.
What other words that you know from Turkish might have the same difference in
spelling?
44..cc.. What do you notice about the endings in tìsìlli and sçzlìémì in these
sentences?
Ulduz, tìsìllini Nyu-Yorkda Nêla adl› bir restoran aâmaqda
tapd›. Firma sçzlìémìni gìrìksiz bildi.
The objective case suffix is:
-i/-ê/-›/-u for nouns ending in a consonant,
-ni/-nê/-n›/-nu for nouns ending in a vowel.
a¤ac-› gçrdêm ‘I saw the tree’
tìhlêkì-ni gçrdêm ‘I saw the danger’
To learn more about the vowel system, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (p.
105).
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55..aa.. This news article is about end-of-year activities at a school in
the city of Shaki.
Musiqi mìktìbi hesabat verdi
Éìki Éìhìr Mìdìniyyìt Éçbìsi nìzdindì fìaliyyìt gçstìrìn 3 sayl›
Uéaq Musiqi Mìktìbinin M. F. Axundov ad›na Mìdìniyyìt
Evindì yekun-hesabat konserti (1) keâirilib. (2) Tìdbiri mìktìbin
direktoru Sìrdar Éìrifov aâ›b. Éìrifov 2002-2003 (3) tìdris ilindì
mìktìbdì gçrêlmêé iélìr, tìdrisin (4) keyfiyyìti barìdì mìlumat
verib. Sonra Éìki Éìhìr Mìdìniyyìt Éçbìsinin mêdiri ‹brahim
Rìsulov
(5)
â›x›é
edìrìk,
konsert
proqram›n›n
hçrmìtli
prezidentimiz Heydìr Ìliyevin anadan olmas›n›n 80 illik
yubileyinì musiqisevìrlìrin hìdiyyìsi oldu¤unu bildirib. Éçbì
mêdiri (6) may ay›n›n ìvvìllìrindì Éìki musiqi mìktìblìri
aras›nda tìdrisin keyfiyyìtini (7) yaxé›laéd›rmaq vì hìmâinin
éagirdlìrin bìdii estetik zçvqênê inkiéaf etdirmìk mìqsìdi ilì
mêsabiqì keâirildiyini dì qeyd edib.
3 sayl› Uéaq Musiqi
Mìktìbindìn hìmin mêsabiqìdì iétirak etmié 10 nìfìr éagirdì
mêxtìlif nominasyalar êzrì diplomlar tìqdim edilib.
éagirdlìrin (8) ifalar› dinlìnib.
Sonra
3 saata yax›n davam edìn
konsertdì mìktìbin xoru, na¤araâalanlar, xalq âal¤› alìtlìri
ansambllar›
solo
ifaâ›lar
tamaéaâ›lar
tìrìfindìn
alqݎlarla
qaré›lan›b.
(Xatirì Sìlimova, Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: 10)
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55..bb.. Use the context to find the meaning of the underlined items. Write the
number of the item next to the best English equivalent. Pay attention to
distractors.
Misal:
-------------------------------------------------------------
2 the event
began
performances
before May
audiences
the quality of
appeared on the platform/gave a
speech and
applauded and
to improve
the event
to compete
took place
the length
at the beginning of May
in the academic year
awarded prizes
hesabat
nìzdindì
yekun
barìdì
mìlumat verhìmâinin
zçvq
inkiéaf etdirmìqsìdi ilì
mêsabiqì
hìmâinin
qeyd ethìmin
xor
na¤araâalan
ifa
tamaéaâ›lar
74
report
attached to
final
= haqq›nda
to give information
also; as well
taste
to develop
with the purpose of
competition
also; as well
to say; to state
same
choir
drummer
performance; recital
viewers; audience
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55..cc.. Please answer.
----
Why was a citywide competition held at schools of music
in Éìqi in early May?
What is said about Heydìr Ìliyev? Who is he?
Who received diplomas during this event?
How long did the event last?
Þ
66..aa.. This news story is about a different kind of contest.
‹ki uéaq anas› "Missis Amerika-2005" oldu
Palm-Sprinqs éìhìrindì keâirilìn "Missis Amerika-2005" gçzìllik
mêsabiqìsindì Andrea Proyss qalib gìlib. Kaliforniya état›n›
tìmsil edìn 32 yaél› Andrea iki uéaq anas›d›r.
Yeni gçzìllik kraliâas› çlkìdìki iri farmasevtika éirkìtlìrindìn
birindì sat›é bçlmìsinin rìhbìridir.
Andrean›n dediyinì gçrì, o ailìsinì iéindìn daha âox çnìm
verir.
Mêsabiqìdì ikinci yeri 35 yaél› "Missis Nyu-York" Stefani Tsarsi,
êâênâê yeri isì 27 yaél› "Missis Vaéinqton" Cennifer Tapanq
tutub.
(ekspress.com.az, 22 Sentyabr 2005)
66..bb.. Read the story and report what you understood.
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77..aa.. This information appeared on the website of a private school named after
Azerbaijan’s former president, called Heydìr Ìliyev ad›na Mêasir Tìhsil Kompleksi.
(I)
09 yanvar 2005-ci il tarixdì Nìsimi rayon tìhsil éçbìsi
tìrìfindìn respublika fìnn olimpiadalar›n›n éìhìr turunun
ikinci mìrhìlìsi keâirilmiédir. Heydìr Ìliyev ad›na Mêasir
Tìhsil Kompleksinin v-xi sinif éagirdlìri bu olimpiadalarda
Azìrbaycan dili vì ìdìbiyyat, Azìrbaycan tarixi, riyaziyyat,
biologiya, kimya, rus dili, ingilis dili, co¤rafiya fìnlìri êzrì çz
biliklìrini s›naqdan keâirmiélìr. Olimpiadalarda 60 nìfìr
iétirakâ› ilì tìmsil olunan MTK nurlu nìticìlìr ìldì etmiédir.
Belì ki, 18 nìfìr ›, 11 nìfìr ››, 9 nìfìr ›››, 5 nìfìr ›v yerlìri
tutmuélar. Onlardan 8 nìfìri Azìrbaycan dili vì ìdìbiyyat,
Azìrbaycan tarixi, kimya, biologiya vì riyaziyyatdan
olimpiadalar›n respublika turunda iétirak etmìk hêququ
qazanm›élar. U¤ur qazanm›é bêtên éagirdlìrimizi tìbrik edir vì
onlar›n nìticìlìrini dìrc edirik.
http://www.mtk.edu.az/
(II)
Diqqìt! Valideynlìrin nìzìrinì!
Ovladlar›n›z haqq›nda mêìllimlìrin qeydlìrini, arzu vì
tìkliflìrini çyrìnmìk istìyirsinizsì bura daxil olun. Loqin vì
Parol Sizì mobil telefonunuza gçndìrilmiédir. Ìlavì
mìlumatlar almaq êâên zìng edin: 499-71-73.
http://www.mtk.edu.az/
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(III)
Heydìr Ìliyev ad›na Muasir Tìhsil Kompleksi
Bak›n›n Nìsimi rayonunun ìrazisindì ( S. Vur¤un kêâìsi, 1006-c›
mìhìllì, Zorge park› ilì êzbìêz) yerlìéir vì Azìrbaycanda oxéar›
olmayan, beynìlxalq standartlara cavab verìn ilk tìhsil
kompleksidir. Kompleksdì mìktìbìqìdìr tìrbiyì mêìssisìsi,
êmumtìhsil orta vì 39 sayl› musiqi mìktìbi fìaliyyìt gçstìrir.
Bundan ìlavì, kompleksin tìrkibinì idman zal›, stadion, êzgêâêlêk
hovuzu, qonaq evi vì yemìkxana daxildir.
Kompleks 2001-ci il sentyabr›n 1-dì aâ›lm›éd›r. Aâ›l›éda Azìrbaycan
Respublikas›n›n prezidenti cìnab Heydìr Ìliyev iétirak etmiédir.
http://www.mtk.edu.az/
(IV)
Heydìr Ìliyev ad›na Mêasir Tìhsil Kompleksi 2005/2006-ci tìdris ili
êâên › sinifdìn x› sinfì qìdìr boé qalan yerlìrì mêsabiqì yolu ilì
éagird qìbulu elan edir.
Mìktìbdì dìrslìr Azìrbaycan dilindì tìdris edilir, xarici dillìrin ingilis, rus, ìrìb, alman vì frans›z dillìrinin çyrìnilmìsinì genié yer
verilir.
Siniflìr mêasir tìdris-texniki vasitìlìrlì tìchiz edilmié vì dìrslìr fìrdi
yanaéma êsulu ilì yêksìk elmi-pedaqoji sìviyyìdì apar›l›r.
Éagirdlìrimizin ixtiyar›na kompêter vì idman zallar›, tennis kortu,
êzgêâêlêk hovuzu verilmiédir.
Kompleksin nìzdindì uéaq ba¤âas› vì musiqi mìktìbi fìaliyyìt
gçstìrir.
Valideynlìrin arzusu ilì éagirdlìrì nìqliyyat-servis xidmìti gçstìrilir.
Tìhsil çdìniélidir.
http://www.mtk.edu.az/xeber.html
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77..cc.. Choose for each passage above, (I)-(IV), the best heading from the selections
provided below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Enrollment announcement
General information about the school
Results of a recent competition
How to access academic information about your child
77..dd.. Please answer.
-
Where is the school located?
Which foreign languages are taught?
What amenities are offered at the school?
77..ee.. Guess the meaning of the underlined words.
Azìrbaycanda oxéar› olmayan, beynìlxalq standartlara cavab
verìn ilk tìhsil kompleksidir. (III)
Ìlavì mìlumatlar almaq êâên zìng edin: 499-71-73. (II)
Heydìr Ìliyev ad›na Mêasir Tìhsil Kompleksi éagird qìbulu
elan edir. (IV)
Kompleksin nìzdindì uéaq ba¤âas› vì musiqi mìktìbi fìaliyyìt
gçstìrir. (IV)
Tìhsil çdìniélidir. (IV)
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Chapter 3
Education and History
11..aa.. The passages presented in exercises 1.a.-2.d. are taken form a history
textbook for 5th graders that was published in 1998. These three paragraphs are
part of the authors’ preface.
Mìktìbli Dost!
Sìn art›q 5-ci sinif éagirdisìn. ‹lk dìfìdir ìlinì ìvvìlkilìrdìn
tamamilì fìrqlìnìn yeni bir dìrslik al›rsan. «Ata Yurdu» adlan›r bu
dìrslik.
Candan art›q sevdiyimiz Azìrbaycan›m›z›n-mêqìddìs
Vìtìnimizin tarixidir «Ata Yurdu»!
Ìziz dost, unutma ki, sìn Vìtìnin xoébìxt çvlad›san! Âênki cìmi 7-8
il bundan ìvvìlki beéincilìrdìn fìrqli olaraq azad, mêstìqil bir çlkìdì
yaéay›rsan.
Azìrbaycan Respublikas›d›r
bu çlkìnin ad›.
Azadl›¤›m›z›, gìnc dçvlìtimizi qoruyub saxlamaq, namusqeyrìtimizin keéiyindì durmaq, 21-ci yêzillikdì êârìngli, ay-ulduzlu
bayra¤›m›z› gçylìrì ucaltmaq xoébìxtliyi dì sìnin pay›na dêéêb!
«Ata yurdu»nun ilk sìhifìlìrindìn baélayaraq mêqìddìs sìfìrì
â›xarsan, ìziz dost! Bu sìfìr zaman› sìn xalq›m›z›n éanl› tarixi
keâmiéinì sìyahat edìcìk, ulular›m›z›n bugênkê nìsillìrì ìmanìt
qoyub getdiklìri mêqìddìs Vìtìn torpa¤›n› qar›é-qar›é gìzib
dolanacaqsan. Bu sìfìrdì «Ata Yurdu» sìnin e’tibarl› yol yoldaé›n,
bìlìdâin olacaqd›r. Yolun nurlu, sìfìrin u¤urlu olsun, mìktìbli dost!
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu: 5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 3)
mêqìddìs
namus-qeyrìt
keéiyindì durxoébìxtlik
pay›na dêéìmanìt qoyqar›é-qar›é
e’tibarl›
bìlìdâi
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sacred
pride and honor
to protect, watch over
fortune
to be one’s duty; to fall on one’s share
to entrust with
inch by inch
faithful
guide
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11..bb.. Read the three paragraphs and for each write a sentence that
summarizes it.
11..cc.. Look at the highlighted endings of the verb to be in the present tense.
How do you translate these sentences?
Sìn art›q 5-ci sinif éagirdisìn.
Sìn Vìtìnin xoébìxt çvlad›san!
The suffix –sìn/-san, when added to the noun or
adjective, forms the present tense of the verb to be.
sìn
evdìsìn
mêdirsìn
bçyêksìn
acsan
vatan›n çvlad›san
redaktorsan
ulduzsan
Turkish: evdesin; mêdêrsên; y›ld›zs›n, etc.
To learn more about the verb to be, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani
(pp. 17f.).
11..dd.. Add the proper suffix to create forms that mean you are… .
éagird - tìlìbì - koordinator - prezident - sat›c› - evdì –
yaxé› - diplomat - diplomat deyil - dostum - amerikal› mêìllim - burada - bêlbêl kimi - yor¤un - yaz›â› gçzìl deyil - direktor - Bak›da - universitetdì - xoébìxtazìrbaycanl› - amerikal› - têrk - rus
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11..ee.. The verb forms al›rsan and yaéay›rsan from the reading in
1.a. above are both in the present progressive tense.
The marker for the present progressive tense is
–(y)›r / –(y)ir / –(y)ur / –(y)êr .
The personal ending for the second person singular
(sìn ‘you’ ) is -sìn / -san:
sìn gedirsìn
sìn gçrêrsìn
sìn al›rsan
sìn oxuyursan
you are going; you go
you see
you are taking; you take
you are reading; you read
Misal:
sìn verirsìn
sìn yaéay›rsan
sìn gçrêrsìn
sìn tìbrik edirsìn
For other persons:
mìn gedirìm
o gedir
biz oxuyuraq
siz oxuyursan›z
onlar gçrêrlìr
I am going; I go
s/he is going; s/he goes
we are reading; we read
you are reading; you read
they see
Turkish: sen gidiyorsun; al›yorsun, gçrêyorsun,
okuyorsun, ben gidiyorum, siz okuyorsunuz, etc.
To learn more about the present progressive tense, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s
Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 78f. and 331).
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Remember that Az. al›rsan should not be confused
with the Turkish conditional, al›rsan ‘if you take,’ etc.
Compare these verb forms:
Az.:
Tr.:
present progressive
sìn al›rsan
sen al›yorsun
sìn verirsìn
sen veriyorsun
you are taking; you take
you are giving; you give
you are taking; you take
you are giving; you give
-------------------------------------------Az.:
Tr.:
conditional: indefinite future
sìn alarsansa
sen al›rsan
sìn verìrsìnsì
sen verirsen
if you take
if you give
if you take
if you give
-------------------------------------------Compare also:
Az.:
Tr.:
habitual present/indefinite future
sìn alarsan
sen al›rs›n
you take; you will probably take you take; you will probably
take
11..ff..
Form the present progressive form of the verbs for the
second person singular, sìn.
Misal:
âa¤›r-:
sìn âa¤›r›rsan
qazan- / baéla- / gçndìr- / dur- / bil- / sevin- / gêl- /
gçstìr- / yaz- / gçtêr-/ al›é- / doldur- / âa¤›r- / tìkrar et- /
ba¤la- / tut- / dêéên- / â›x- /
* * *
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22..aa.. The next six paragraphs form the latter part of the preface to the history
textbook Ata Yurdu.
Mìktìbli Dost! (cont.)
(I)
«Ata yurdu» tìkcì mìzmununa gçrì deyil, quruluéca da sìnin
ìvvìllìr oxudu¤un dìrsliklìrdìn fìrqlìnir. Ayr›-ayr›
baél›qlarda vìrilìn materiallar iki hissìyì ayr›l›r: ìsas material;
ìlavì material.
(II)
Baél›qlardak› bì’zi abzaslar›n qaré›s›na kvadrat iéarìsi
qoyulmuédur. Bu, hìmin material›n ìlavì material oldu¤unu
bildirir. Bu materiallar Vìtìnimizin tarixinì nisbìtìn daha âox
maraq gçstìrìn éagirdlìr êâên nìzìrdì tutulmuédur.
(III)
Bì’zi materiallar isì mavi rìngdì verilmiédir. Bunlar da ìlavì
materiallard›r. Lakin, hìmin materiallar tariximizì xêsusi
mara¤› olan, onu daha dìrindìn çyrìnmìyì âal›éan,
yurdumuzun éanl› keâmiéi barìdì ìlavì mì’lumatlar ìldì
etmìyì sì’y gçstìrìn éagirdlìr êâêndêr.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 4)
22..bb.. Read through paragraphs (I) and (III) above, and answer the questions.
-
How would you describe the function of this section?
Based on what is said in paragraph II, explain for which students the
materials bearing a blue square mark are intended.
22..cc.. Read and answer the questions following each paragraph.
Mìktìbli Dost! (cont.)
(IV)
Ìziz dost! Dìrsì haz›rlaé›rkìn tapé›r›lan hekayìni tìlìsmìdìn,
dêéênì-dêéênì oxu! Ìzbìrâiliyì uyma! Oxudu¤un cêmlìdìki,
abszasdak› ìsas fikri baéa dêémìyì âal›é. Bir abzas› çyrìnmìden
o birisinì keâmì. Oxudu¤un abzas›n qaré›s›ndak› suala cavab
tapma¤a âal›é. Cavab tapmad›qda hìmin abzas› daha diqqìtlì
oxu. Cavab› tapd›qdan sonra isì onu çz sçzlìrinlì dan›é vì
yadda saxla.
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(IV) - What are the authors asking the student to do, and what
not to do?
*
(V)
Hekayìni çyrìnib qurtard›qdan sonra ax›rda verilìn sual vì
tapé›r›qlara da tam vì ìtrafl› cavab tap. Tapd›¤›n cavablar›
abzaslar›n qaré›s›ndak› suallar›n cavablar› ilì ìlaqìlìndir vì
mêqayisì et. Sonra isì çz sçzlìrinlì dan›é. Bêtên bunlardan
sonra hekayìnin ìsas mìzmununu kitaba baxmadan sçylì.
(V)
- Where do the questions and tasks that are mentioned in the
first sentence of paragraph IV appear?
- What are students asked to do as a final step?
*
(VI)
Kitabdak› éìkillìr, sxemlìr ve xìritìlìr sìnì ìlavì mì’lumatlar
verìcìkdir. Onlar› diqqìtlì nìzìrdìn keâir, hekayìnin mìzmunu
ilì tutuédur. Ad› âìkilìn yerlìri hìmin hekayìyì aid xìritìdì
tap. Éìkil, sxem ve xìritìlìrdìn ald›¤›n yeni mì’lumatlar› çz
naqlinì daxil et.
(VI) - How do the authors relate maps to the reading and
studying process?
\
(VII)
Dìrslikdì xêsusi ìhìmiyyìti olan mì’lumatlar, adlar, fikirlìr, ìn
mêhêm tarixi hadisìlìr vì onlar›n baé verdiyi illìr qara hìrflìrlì
verilmiédir.
Vìtìnimizin tarixindì mêstìsna rol oynam›é
hadisìlìrin, nìticìlìrin vì s. qaré›s›nda nida iéarìsi (!)
qoyulmuédur. Bunlar› hçkmìn yadda saxlamaq laz›md›r.
Mêìlliflìr
(VII) - What parts of the textbook, according to the authors, are printed in bold (dark)
face? What type of contents is accompanied by an exclamation mark?
tìkcì … deyil
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not only …
köRpü
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mìzmun
hissì
ìsas
ìlavì
abzas
kvadrat
nisbìtìn
nìzìrdì tutsì’y gçstìrtapé›rìzbìrâilik
tìlìsbaéa dêésual
yad
qurtarax›r
tapé›r›q
ìtrafl›
ìlaqìlìndirmêqayisì etnìzìrdìn keâirçz
naqil
daxil etìhìmiyyìt
mì’lumatlar
mêhêm
hadisì
baé verhçkmìn
mêìllif
contents
part
main
supplemental
paragraph
square
towards; with regard to
to mean; to intend
to make an effort
to assign
rote memorization
to hurry
to understand, comprehend
question
memory
to finish
end
task
in detail
to relate
to compare
to look over
own; self
report; narration
to include
importance
information
important
event
to take place, happen
certainly
author
22..dd.. Make two word lists, using vocabulary you saw in the reading above.
(1) List words that are used to describe parts of books or texts.
(2) List words that belong to the topics of “studying” and “learning.”
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33..aa.. This table of historical events appeared in the textbook “Ata Yurdu.”
Students are asked to remember when these events took place.
BU HAD‹SÌLÌR‹N BAÉ VERD‹⁄‹ TAR‹X‹ YADDA SAXLA!
300-400 min il bundan
Az›x adam›
ìvvìl
2300-2400 il bundan ìvvìl
Albaniya dçvlìtinin yaranmas›
816-837-ci illìr
Babìkin baéâ›l›¤› alt›nda azadl›q
mêbarizìsi
1136-c› il
Azìrbaycan Atabìylìr dçvlìtinin
yaranmas›
1501-ci il
Azìrbaycan Sìfìvi dçvlìtinin
yaranmas›
1813-cê il
Gêlêstan mêqavilìsi
1828-ci il
Têrkmìnâay mêqavilìsi
1837-ci il
Quba êsyan›
22 ‹yul 1875-ci il
«Ìkinâi» qìzetinin âapdan â›xmas›
31 Mart 1918-ci il
Azìrbaycanl›lara qaré› soyq›r›m›
gênê
28 May 1918-ci il
Azìrbaycan Demokratik
Respublikas›n›n yaranmas›
28 Aprel 1920-ci il
Azìrbaycan Demokratik
Respublikas›n›n devrilmìsi
9 May 1945-ci il
Faéist Almaniyas› êzìrindì qìlìbì
17 Noyabr 1988-ci il
Dirâìlié gênê
20 Yanvar 1990-c› il
Qanl› Yanvar
18 Oktyabr 1991-ci il
Azìrbaycan Respublikas›n›n dçvlìt
mêstìqilliyinin e’lan olunmas›
26 Fevral 1992-ci il
Xocal› soyq›r›m›
15 ‹yun 1993-cê il
Qurtulué gênê
12 Noyabr 1995-ci il
Konstitusiya gênê
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 392-396)
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33..aa.. (cont.)
yaranazadl›q
mêbarizì
mêqavilì
êsyan
âapdan â›xma
soyq›r›m
qìlìbì
dirâìlié
mêstìqillik
e’lan olunma
to be created; to emerge
freedom
struggle
treaty
uprising
publication
genocide
victory
revival
independence
declaration
33..bb.. Which of the historical events listed here are unfamiliar to you? Look
them up in an encyclopedia, the internet, or other reference.
[For example, for information on the Caucasian Albanian state,
you can consult:
http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai113_folder/113
articles/113_zaza_quick_facts.html]
Þ
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44..aa.. This table of recent events in the history of Azerbaijan appeared in a history
textbook for eleventh graders. The list below is from the 2001 edition.
XRONOLOG‹YA
1991-sentyabr
Qondarma “Da¤l›q Qaraba¤ Respublikas›”n›n
yaranmas›
1991 - 18 oktyabr
Azìrbaycan Respublikas›n›n Dçvlìt Mêstìqilliyi
haqq›nda Konstitusiya Akt›n›n qìbul edilmìsi
1991 – 26 noyabr
DQMV statusunun lì¤v edilmìsi
1991 – 26 noyabr
Milli Éuran›n yarad›lmas›
1992 – 25-26 fevral
Xocal› faciìsi
1992 – 8 may
Éuéan›n ié¤al edilmìsi
1992 – 17 may
Laâ›n›n dêémìn ìlinì keâmìsi
1992 – 7 iyun
Ìbêlfìz Elâibìyin Respublika Prezidenti seâilmìsi
1992 – 21 noyabr
Yeni Azìrbaycan Partiyas›n›n yaranmas›
1993 – 3-4 aprel
Gìncì qiyam›
1993 – 4 iyun
1993 – 9 iyun H. Ìliyevin Bak›ya gìlmìsi
1993 – 15 iyun
“Qurtulué” gênê
1993 – 24 sentyabr
Azìrbaycan›n MDB-yì daxil olmas›
1993 – 3 oktyabr
H. Ìliyevin Prezident seâilmìsi
1995 – 12 noyabr
Azìrbaycan Respublikas›n›n Konstitusiyas›n›n qìbul
edilmìsi vì ilk demokratik parlament seâkilìrinin
keâirilmìsi
1998 – sentyabr
Tarixi ‹pìk yolunun bìrpas› êzrì Beynìlxalq Bak›
Konfrans›
1998 – 11 oktyabr
H. Ìliyevin ikinci dìfì respublika prezidenti seâilmìsi
1999 noyabr
ATÌT-in ‹stanbul sammitti
1999 12 dekabr
Azìrbaycanda ilk bìlìdiyyì seâkilìri
2000 7 sentyabr
H. Ìliyevin minilliyin sammitindì â›x›é›
2000 5 noyabr
Respublikada Milli Mìclisì nçvbìti seâkilìr
2000 9 noyabr
Azìrbaycan Avropa Éuras›n›n tam hêquqlu êzvlêyênì
qìbul edildi
(S. Qìndilov & al. (2001) Azìrbaycan Tarixi, s. 345-6, with some omissions)
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44..aa.. (cont.)
qondarma
mêstìqil
DQMV
lì¤v ediléura
faciì
ié¤al etqiyam
MDB
bìrpa
beynìlxalq
ATÌT
minillik
êzvlêk
fictitious
independent
= Da¤l›q Qaraba¤ Muxtar Vilayìti
(Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous
Region)
to be abolished
council
tragedy
to occupy
revolt
= Mêstìqil Dçvlìtlìr Birliyi (The
Commonwealth of Independent
States)
restoration; rebuilding
international
= Avropada tìhlêkìsizlik ve
ìmìkdaél›q tìékilat› (Organization
for Co-operation and Security in
Europe)
millennium
membership
44..bb.. Compare this presentation of landmark events with that from the 1998
edition of the same textbook, listed in 3.a. above. How is it the same, and how is
it different from the 2001 edition?
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55..aa.. This article appeared in an Azerbaijani daily newpaper. Scan the text to
find the information requested in 5.b. and 5.c. below.
Mìktìb zaman› gìldi, dur, yaraé›ql› o¤lum"...
Âantas› kêrìyindì, gêl dìstìsi ìlindì
Ax›r ki, mìktìblì bir neâì ay sêrìn ayr›l›¤a da son qoyuldu.
Hìmin gênê ilk dìfì mìktìbì qìdìm basanlar›n daha intizarla
gçzlìdiyini qeyd etsìk, heâ sìhv etmìrik. Ìgìr bçyêklìrin onlar›
mêéahidìdì nì dêéêndêyênê sçylìsìk, do¤rusu, birinci sinif
éagirdlìrinin mìktìb, dìrsliklìr, mêìllimlìri barìdìki tììssêrat›
bizimâên hìmiéì maraql› olub. Bu tììssêrat ilk nçvbìdì sinif
ota¤›n›n quruluéundan tutmué parta yoldaé›n›n kim olmas›na
qìdìrki mìsafìdìn ibarìtdir. Do¤rudur, ibtidai sinifì gedìnlìr
yuxar› pillìlìrì yêksìldikcì bu illìrdì gçrêb-gçtêrdêklìri "dìrs"
daha hìyati olur - tìkcì mìktìbdìki dìrslìrlì kifayìtlìnmìk
olmaz ax›. Bìlkì dì, mêìyyìn zaman âìrâivìsindì tìkcì orta
mìktìbdì keâilìn dìrslìrlì mìhdudlaémaq olard›, amma...
Sçzêmêzên "amma"s› budur ki, mìktìbli balalar tìkcì qìdìm
qoyacaqlar› yeni alìmin qeyri-mêìyyìn tìsirini, hìmâinin
valideynlìrinin bu ìrìfìdì uéaqlar›na nì vì necì alaca¤› sual›
qaré›s›nda dêédêyê vìziyyìtin dì narahatl›¤›n› hiss etmìmié
deyillìr. Âênki yeni dìrs ili yax›nlaéd›qca ìksìr evlìrdì mìktìb
lìvazimat› almaq barìdì sçhbìtlìr gedir. Bu sçhbìt dì bir
éagirdì mìktìb êâên laz›m olanlardan baélay›b bunun nì qìdìr
vìsaitì baéa gìlìcìyi mìqam›nda bitir. Do¤rudan da, haz›rk›
mìqamda bir éagird êâên orta hesabla 250 min manat (bu rìqìm
mìktìbli formas›na bìnzìr paltardan tutmué âanta vì mêxtìlif
tìdris lìvazimatlar›n› ìhatì edir) gìrìkirsì, onda bir evdìn
mìktìbì yollanan bir neâì uéaql› ailìlìrin vìziyyìtini tìsvir
etmìk olar. Ìgìr yerindìcì qeyd etsìk ki, haz›rda minimum
ìmìkhaqq›n›n mìblì¤i 125 min manatdan ibarìtdirsì. Bu
mìqamda âoxuéaql› ailìlìrdì az tìminatla yaéama¤› kiâik
yaé›ndan çyrìnìn balacalar›n éagird statusu qaré›s›nda yuxar›da
qeyd etdiyimiz narahatl›¤›n› anlamaq olur...
(Nigar Vaqifq›z›, Azadl›q, 16 Sentyabr 2005)
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ax›r ki
intizar
sìhv etmêéahidì
tììssêrat
maraql›
ibtidai
tìkcì
kifayìtlìnax›
alìm
tìsir
ìksìr
mêxtìlif
tìdris lìvazimatlar›
vìsait
barìdì
paltar
ìhatì etvìziyyìt
tìsvir etyerindìcì
ìmìkhaqq›
mìblì¤
ibarìt oltìminat
balaca
narahatl›q
at last
anxiety
to be mistaken
observation
impression
interesting
primary
only
to be satisfied
well; you know
world
effect
most
various
school supplies
cost
= haqq›nda
clothes
to include
situation
to describe
just on the spot
wage
total; sum
to consist of
means
small, little; baby
anxiety
55..bb.. Please answer.
-
During which part of the school year do you think this article was
published? Why?
In the title, who is carrying a bouquet of flowers?
55..cc.. Choose the best completion.
The beginning of this article is about ….
(a)
(b)
(c)
the difficulties middle-school students face in higher classes.
the anxieties and impressions that those entering school may have.
the lack of parental attention to the special needs of their school-aged
children.
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The second paragraph focuses on ….
(a)
(b)
(c)
the high cost of school supplies.
the new school uniforms.
the minimum wage in Azerbaijan.
66..aa.. The highlighted part of this sentences is translated as we
probably won’t be mistaken. The verb is in the habitual present/
indefinite future tense.
Hìmin gênê ilk dìfì mìktìbì qìdìm basanlar›n daha intizarla gçzlìdiyini
qeyd etsìk, heâ sìhv etmìrik. (5.a., above, paragraph 1)
The marker for the habitual present/ indefinite future tense is
–(y)ìr / -(y)ar.
This results in the following form for the
third person singular:
o gedìr
o alar
s/he goes; s/he will probably go
s/he takes; s/he will probably
mìn alaram
biz gçrìrik
sìn yadda saxlayarsan
I take; I will probably take
we see; we will probably see
you remember; you will probably
remember
take
Turkish: o gider, o al›r, ben al›rm, biz gçrêrêz, sen saklars›n
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The personal ending for the first person plural
(biz) is :
–›q / –ik /–uq /–êk .
This results in the following form for the present
progressive tense verb for the first person plural:
we are going
we are taking
we see
we are reading
biz gedirik
biz al›r›q
biz gçrêrêk
oxuyuruq
Turkish: biz gidiyoruz; al›yoruz; gçrêyoruz; okuyoruz
The negative of the indefinite future tense verb is formed with
the affix
–mìr / –mar .
biz getmìrik
biz almar›q
we don’t go; we will probably not go
we don’t take; we will probably not
Misal:
biz getmìrik
biz gçrmìrik
biz tìbrik etmìrik
biz almar›q
biz yaéamar›q
biz oxumar›q
take
Turkish: biz gitmeyiz; gçrmeyiz; okumay›z, almay›z, yaéamay›z,
tebrik etmeyiz
To learn more about the indefinite future tense, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (pp. 204f. and 331).
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93
66..bb.. Put these verbs in the indefinite future tense.
Misal:
o gçstìr- :
biz qazan- (neg.):
o gçstìrìr
biz qazanmar›q
/ o yaz- / o yaz- (neg.) / biz gêl- / biz gêl- (neg.)
/ o qazan- / o qazan- (neg.); biz qazan- / biz qazan- /
/ biz gçtêr- (neg.) / biz gçtêr- / o gçstìr- / / o gçstìr- (neg.)/
/ o baéla- / / biz baéla- (neg.) / biz baéla- (neg.) / o baéla– (neg.) /
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Chapter 4
Molla Nasraddin Stories
11..aa.. Molla Nasraddin stories can often be more properly called “anecdotes” or
“jokes.” This character is called Nasrettin Hoca in Turkish.
Uzunçmêrlêlêyên Sirri
Bir gên Molladan uzunçmêrlêlêyên sirrini soruéanda o deyir:
“Aya¤›n› isti saxla, baé›n› sìrin,
Yemì¤inì diqqìt et, dêéênmì dìrin.”
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,” Azerbaijan
International (10.3), Autumn 1996, p. 20)
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,” Azerbaijan
International (10.3), Autumn 1996, p. 18)
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Buraya tìzì gìlmiéìm
Molla çzgì bir éìhìrì gìlir. Éìhìrin bazar›n› gìzdikdì birisi
ondan soruéur:
— Bu gên nì gênêdêr?
— O¤lum, mìn buraya bu gên gìlmiéìm. Hìlì buran›n gênlìrini
çyrìnmìmiéìm; sìn onu yerli adamlardan birindìn sorué.
(http://molla-nesreddin.iatp.az/molla-nesreddin/azerb/elm.htm)
isti
çzgì
yerli
warm
another
local
11..bb.. How do you understand this highlighted part from the joke
«Buraya tìzì gìlmiéìm» above?
Molla çzgì bir éìhìrì gìlir. Éìhìrin bazar›n› gìzdikdì birisi
ondan soruéur:
The temporal conjunction when can be expressed with the help
of a participial form in the locative case:
-dikdì / -dêkdì / -d›qda / -duqda.
Éìhìrin bazar›n› gìzdikdì birisi ondan soruéur:
When visiting the city’s market, somebody asked him:
Turkish: Éehrin pazar›n› gezdi¤inde birisi ona sorar:
To learn more about this construction, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (p. 242).
11..cc.. Translate what Molla Nasraddin says.
O¤lum, mìn buraya bu gên gìlmiéìm. Hìlì buran›n
gênlìrini çyrìnmìmiéìm;
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-mié marks the present perfect tense or evidential.
This verb form is used to say that something happened
(not witnessed or realized by the speaker)
or has happened very recently. The verb has the
following ending for the first person singular:
-miéìm / -mêéìm / -m›éam / -muéam
O¤lum, mìn buraya bu gên gìlmiéìm.
Hìlì buran›n gênlìrini çyrìnmìmiéìm.
I just came here my son.
I haven’t learned the days here yet.
Maéta¤ada anadan olmuéam. Ailìmizdì savada, biliyì
bçyêk diqqìt gçstìrirdilìr.*
I was born in Maéta¤a. In my family much attention
was paid to education and learning.
See also 1.h. below for an alternative form for the present
perfect verb.
* (N. Ìbxêlrìhmanl› (2003) Qobustan, s. 17)
To learn more about the present perfect tense, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (pp. 235f. and 331).
11..dd..
Sual vì Cavab
Bir gên Molladan soruéurlar:
“Molla, necì olur ki, sìn hìmiéì suala sualla cavab verirsìn?”
“Do¤rudan?” deyì Molla cavab verir.
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,” Azerbaijan
International (10.3), Autumn 1996, p. 20f.)
*
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Dié A¤r›s›
Molla êzênê yayl›qla ba¤lay›r. Kêâì ilì gedìrkìn dostlar›ndan
biri onu gçrêb soruéur:
—Molla, olmas›n azar, nìyindirì?
Molla ufuldayaraq deyir:
— Can›na sa¤l›q, qardaé, dçrd gêndêr ki, bu dié a¤r›s› mìni
ìldìn sal›b.
— Ìgìr sìnin diéin mìnim a¤z›mda olsayd›, indiyì kimi onu yêz
dìfì âìkdirmiédim.
— Do¤rudur, ìgìr sìnin a¤z›nda olsayd›, mìn dì âìkdirmiédim.
(http://molla-nesreddin.iatp.az/molla-nesreddin/azerb/elm.htm)
yayl›q
azar
nìyindir
ufuldadçrd gêndêr ki
indiyì kimi
ìldìn sal-
handkerchief; scarf
illness
what’s wrong with you
to moan; to sigh
for four days now
by now
to wear out
11..ee.. What do you think makes the stories «Sual vì Cavab» and «Dié A¤r›s›»
funny? Or, why do you think they are not funny?
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11..ff..
Éìfa
Mollan›n yan›na bir éair gìlib deyir:
— Molla, neâì vaxtd›r ki, êrìyimdì bir a¤r› hiss edirìm, elì bil
êrìyimdì bir éey qalm›éd›r.
Molla, éairin bu sçzênê diqqìtlì dinlìyib soruéur:
— Tìzìlikcì elì bir ée'r yaz›bsanm› ki, kimsìyì oxumam›é
olasan?
— Bìli, yazm›éam.
— Elì isì, onu bir mìnim êâên oxu.
Éair Mollaya âox uzun, mì'nas›z bir ée'r oxuyur. Molla bu ée'ri
ìvvìldìn ax›ra qìdìr dinlìyib deyir:
— Âox ehtimal ki, êrìyini boéaltd›¤›ndan daha bu azardan
qurtar›b éìfa tapasan; âênki êrìyinì a¤›rl›q elìyìn hìmin bu ée'r
idi.
(http://molla-nesreddin.iatp.az/molla-nesreddin/azerb/elm.htm)
êrìk
neâì vaxtd›r ki
elì bil
tìzìlikcì
elì bir ée'r
bìli
mì'nas›z
ax›r
âox ehtimal ki
daha
azar
qurtaréìfa
taphìmin bu
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heart
for some time
it is possible; as if
recently
such kind of poem
yes; sure
meaningless
end
it is very likely that
now
illness
to be freed from
recovery
to find
exactly this
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11..gg.. Please answer.
-
Why is the poet complaining?
What kind of poem is the poet asked to recite?
Does Molla Nasraddin listen to the entire poem?
What does the Molla think about the poem?
11..hh.. This sentence illustrates the use of the less formal version of the present
perfect tense. (See also Chapter 2: 2.c.) How do you translate this sentence?
Tìzìlikcì elì bir ée'r yaz›bsanm› ki, kimsìyì oxumam›é olasan?
The less formal version of the present perfect tense takes
the following form:
-(y)ibsìn / -(y)êbsìn / -(y)›bsan / -(y)ubsan
sìn edibsìn
sìn oxuyubsan
sìn yaz›bsan sìn istìyibsìn
gçrêbsìn
baélay›bsan
Turkish:
sen gitmiésin; yazm›és›n, okumuésun, etc.
Tìzìlikcì elì bir ée'r yaz›bsanm› ki, kimsìyì
oxumamݎ olasan?
Have you recently written a poem that
you have not read to anyone?
To learn more about the present perfect tense, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 235f.
and 331). Also, refer to Chapter 2: 2.c. in this work.
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11..ii..
Compare these two sentences:
Tìzìlikcì elì bir ée'r yaz›bsan.
Tìzìlikcì elì bir ée'r yaz›bsanm›?
Note that the question particle is attached directly to the
preceding word -- unlike in Turkish.
yaz›bsanm›
Siz mêìllimsinizmi?
Sìn gìdirsìnmi?
Qìhvì varm›?
Elì deyilmi?
To learn more about yes-no questions, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (p. 35).
*
*
*
22..aa.. This passage summarizes what the figure of Molla Nasraddin and the
stories ascribed to him mean to Azerbaijanis.
Azìrbaycan xalq›n›n Molla Nìsrìddinì, 13-cê ìsrdì yaéam›é bu
mìéhur komik obraza olan mìhìbbìti têkìnmìzdir. Molla
Nìsrìddin lìtifìlìrinin çmrê ìbìdidir. Bu lìtifìlìr sosial vì sinfi
ìdalìtsizlik, kimi ictimai problemlìrì toxunur, çzêndìn
mêétìbehlik, qorxaql›k, tìnbìllik, bacar›s›zl›q, dardêéêncìlik kimi
insana xas olan mìnfi xêsusiyyìtlìri tìnqid edir.
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,” Azerbaijan
International, (10.3), Autumn 1996, p. 20)
obraz
mìhìbbìt
lìtifì
ìbìdi
ìdalìtsizlik
ictimai
çzêndìn mêétìbehlik
xas olan
mìnfi
xêsusiyyìtlìr
tìnqid et-
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figure
affection
joke; anecdote
eternal
injustice
= sosial
self-doubt
that are characteristic
negative
qualities
to criticize
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101
22..bb.. Why is it said that the stories of Molla Nasraddin are timeless? What
examples are given?
22..cc..
Sìn Êzì Bilirsìn
Qìdim zamanlarda (1) bir kiéinin bir neâì arvad›
(1) ola bilìrdi. Mollan›n da iki arvad› var idi vì ikinci arvad
birinci arvaddan cavan idi. Bir axéam Molla evì gìlìrkìn gçrêr
ki, arvadlar bir-biri ilì mêbahisì edirlìr. Biri deyir ki, Molla
mìni âox istìyir, o biri deyir, yox, mìni istìyir.
Ìvvìlcì Molla arvadlar›na onlar›n hìr ikisini âox istìdiyini deyir.
Lakin onlar bu cavabla raz›laém›rlar. Sonra arvadlar›n daha
yaél›s› soruéur: “Tutaq ki, hìr êâêmêz qay›qday›q.
(2) Qay›q batma¤a baélayanda sìn hans›m›z› xilas edìrsìn?
Molla bir an fikirlìédiktìn sonra êzênê daha yaél› arvad›na
tutub deyir: “Sen êzì bilirsìn, elì deyilmi?”
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,” Azerbaijan
International, Autumn 1996, p. 20)
bir neâì
arvad
cavan
mêbìhisì etraz›laétutaq ki
hans›
xilas etelì deyilmi
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several
wife, woman
young
to argue
to agree
let’s imagine, assume
which one
to rescue
isn’t it so
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22..dd.. Use the context to find the meaning of the underlined items. Write the
number of the item next to the best English equivalent.
---------------------------------
if we tried to sink the boat
if I were to sink the boat
when the boat begins to sink
when we are in the boat
women had several husbands
a man could have several wives
there were many wives
a man could also be a woman
22..ee.. Take a look at the highlighted elements. Try to say
A person could be in a boat, and, The woman can swim.
Qìdim zamanlarda bir kiéinin bir neâì arvad› ola bilìrdi.
The abilitative (“to be able to”) is formed by means of the auxiliary verb
bil- , which follows a verb that is bearing the affix - (y)ì / -(y)a.
gedì biloxuya bilala bilThe auxiliary bil- receives the tense and person markers that are
necessary to complete the verb form:
E.g.:
Present progressive:
mìn gedì bilirìm
mìn gedì bilmirìm
mìn baélaya bilirìm
sìn êzì bilirsìn
Habitual Past:
I can go
I cannot go
I can begin
you can swim
(Turkish:
ben gidebiliyorum
ben gidemiyorum
ben baélayabiliyorum
sen yêzebiliyorsun)
mìn gedì bilìrdim
I could go; I used to be able to go
onun bir neâì arvad›
ola bilìrdi
he could have several
wives
(Tr.: gidebilirdim)
(Tr.: olabilirdi)
To learn more about the abilitative, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 266f. and 334f).
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103
22..ff..
How would you translate the highlighted verb?
Ìvvìlcì Molla arvadlar›na onlar›n hìr ikisini âox istìdiyini deyir.
Lakin onlar bu cavabla raz›laém›rlar.
When the present progressive tense marker:
–(y)›r / –(y)ir / –(y)ur / –(y)êr
is preceded by the marker for negation,
the results are verbs of the form:
they don’t agree
the wife is not asking
s/he doesn’t see
they don’t see
they do not say
onlar raz›laém›rlar
arvad soruémur
o gçrmêr
onlar gçrmêrlìr
onlar sçylìmirlìr
Turkish: o gçrmêyor, onlar sçylemiyorlar
To learn more about the negation and the present progressive tense, refer
to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 79f. and 331).
*
*
*
22..gg..
Aparmaz Ki?!
Mollla Nìsrìddin arvad› ilì birlikdì gçlì paltar yuma¤a gedir.
Bunlar›n baé› paltar yuma¤a qar›é›r; bir qar¤a sabunu a¤z›na al›b
uâur. Bunu gçrìn arvad kêy-kìlìk sal›b q›éq›r›r:
— Ay kiéi, qoyma, qar¤a sabunu apard›!
Molla, qar¤an›n uâub xeyli uzaqlaéd›¤›n› gçrìrìk deyir:
— Daha niyì q›éq›r›rsan, gçrmêrsìnmi ki, yaz›¤›n êst-baé›
bizimkindìn kirlidir. Qar¤a fìrasìtli quédur. Sabun laz›m olmasa
aparmaz ki?!
http://molla-nesreddin.iatp.az/molla-nesreddin/azerb/evde.htm
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22..gg.. (cont.)
paltar
baé› qar›ékêy-kêlìk sal›b
q›éq›raparxeyli
gçrmêrsìnmi
fìrasìtli
clothes
to be busy; to be engrossed
in panic; creating a fuss
to shout
to carry away
very; much
don’t you see
smart; shrewd
22..hh.. Mark if the following is true (D = Dêz) or false (S = Sìhv).
----- Only Molla Nìsrìddin‘s wife was washing clothes.
----- They observed the crow as it approached them and ended up flying away
with the soap.
----- Molla Nìsrìddin reacted more calmly than his wife.
----- He said that the crow probably did not need the soap.
33..aa..
Camaat›n A¤z›ndan Qurtara Bilmìrik
Bir gên Molla o¤lu ilì sìfìrì â›x›r. Molla o¤lunu eééìyì mindirir,
çzê isì onlar›n yan› ilì gedir.
Yoldan keâìn bir neâì adam onlar› gçrêb deyir: “Bu da indiki
cavanlar. Heâ bçyêyì hçrmìt etmirlìr. O boyda sa¤lam o¤lan
eééìyì minib, yaz›q qoca kiéi piyada gedir.”
Bu sçzlìrdìn utanan Mollan›n o¤lu atas›n› eééìyì minmìyì
mìcbur edir, çzê isì eééìkdìn dêéêb piyada gedir. Bu dìfì
onlar›n qaré›s›na baéqa adamlar â›x›rlar.
“Bunlara bir bax›n. O boyda kiéi eééìyì minib, yaz›q uéaq
piyada gedir,” deyì hìmin adamlar onlara sçz at›rlar.
Bu dìfì Molla çzê dì o¤lu ilì birlikdì eééìyì minir. Yenì
onlar›n qaré›s›na bir neâì adam â›x›r vì deyir: “Bura bax ey…
‹ki-iki adam minib eééìyì, yaz›q heyvan nìfìs ala bilmir.”
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Molla eééekdìn dêéêr, o¤lunu da dêéêrdêrêr vì deyir: “Gìl
ikimiz dì piyada gedìk. Onda camaat bizì heâ nì demìz.”
Yenì dì onlar›n qaré›s›na bir neâì adam â›x›r.
“Bu axmaqlara bax›n. Gênên alt›nda piyada gedirlìr, at›la-at›la
gedìn eééìyì minmir-lìr,” deyì adamlar onlar› tìnbeh edirlìr.
Adamlar›n sçzêndìn tìngì gìlmié Molla eééìyi qald›r›b dal›na
al›r vì deyir: “Gìl, bala. Belì elìmìsìk, camaat›n a¤z›ndan
qurtara bilmìrik.”
(“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›,” Azerbaijan
International (10.3), Autumn 1996, p. 20)
sìfìr
minçzê
bir neâì
indiki
hçrmìt etpiyada
mìcbur etdêénìfìs algedìk
camaat
heâ nì
axmaq
at›la-at›la
tìnbìh ettìngì geldal
bala
belì
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trip
to get on; to ride
himself
a couple of
today’s
to show respect
on foot
to force
to get off
to breathe
let us go
people
anything; nothing
idiot
skipping and jumping
to reproach
to be exhausted, exasperated
back
child
(like) this; this way
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33..bb.. These words are taken from the story «Camaat›n A¤z›ndan Qurtara
Bilmìrik». Write the number of the best English equivalent next to each item on
the left. Pay attention to distractors.
-------------------------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
cavan
sa¤lam
qoca
piyada
yaz›q
axmaq
poor
old
handsome
on foot
young
idiot
weak
healthy
33..cc.. How do you translate this sentence?
Gênên alt›nda piyada gedirlìr, at›la-at›la gedìn
eééìyì minmir-lìr.
33..dd.. Look at the abilitative form below. Identify the tense and
person.
“Gìl, bala. Belì elìmìsìk, camaat›n a¤z›ndan qurtara bilmìrik.”
Verbs in the indefinite future tense that are in the abilitative
mode have the form:
mìn gedì bilmìrìm I cannot go, I won’t be able to go
sìn gedì bilmìzsìn
biz gedì bilmìrik
biz oxuya bilmìrik
Gìl, bala. Belì elìmìsìk, camaat›n a¤z›ndan qurtara bilmìrik.
Come on, child. If we don’t do so, we probably won’t be able to
save ourselves from what the people have to say.
Turkish:
ben gidemem; sen gidemezsin; biz gidemeyiz; biz okuyamay›z
To learn more about the abilitative, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 266f.
and 334f). To learn more about the indefinite future tense, refer to pp. 204f. and 331. See also
Chapter 3: 6.b. in this work.
* * * * *
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Chapter 5
Molla Nìsrìddin - The Magazine
11..aa.. The following passage is the beginning of a chapter on the famous satiric
magazine Molla Nasraddin that was published in Baku in the early 20th century.
The chapter is part of a history textbook for 5th graders.
«MOLLA NÌSRÌDD‹N»
(I)
Bak› éìhìri… ‹l›q bir yaz sìhìri idi. Ìlindì ìsa, baé›nda élyapa olan,
sìliqì ilì geyinmié ortayaél› bir kiéi Balaxan› kêâìsi1 ilì Quba meydan›na2
do¤ru irìlilìyirdi. ‹lk bax›édan hiss olunurdu ki, ziyal› adamd›r, çzê dì
heâ yana tìlìsmir. Dal¤›n gçrkìmi fikirdìn, qay¤›lardan ìzab âìkdiyini
sçylìyirdi. O, kêâìnin meydanla kìsiédiyi yerdì, sa¤ tìrìfdì ayaq saxlad›.
Quba meydan› yenì adamla dolu idi.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu: 5-ci
sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 223)
sìhìr
ìsa
élyapa
sìliqì ile
ziyal›
heâ yana
tìlìsdal¤›n
gçrkìm
qay¤›
ìzab âìkayaq saxlayenì
morning
walking stick; cane
hat
neatly
educated; member of intelligentsia
nowhere
to rush, hurry
thoughtful; pensive
look; appearance
concern; worry
to agonize; to be troubled, upset
to pause
again
1
Balaxan› kêâìsi - ‹ndiki Fêzuli kêâìsi (Ata Yurdu, s. 223)
2
Quba meydan› - ‹ndiki Fêzuli meydan› (ibid.)
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11..bb.. Write the number of the best English equivalent next to each item on the
left. Pay attention to distractors.
-------------------------
il›q
sìliqì ilì
ziyal›
tìlìsmìk
ayaq saxlamaq
kêâì
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
educated
summer
to hurry
street
to be concerned
warm
to pause
neatly
"The First Day of School at a Muslim School" as
depicted in the satiric magazine "Molla
Nasraddin" (1908). The librarian had fallen
asleep on the job because there were no requests
for books. The Azeri book titles in the official
Arabic script include "Vìtìn Dili" (Native
Language), "Ana Dili" (Mother Tongue) and
primers for 1st and 2nd years. The sketch
criticized the fact that few Azerbaijanis wanted
an education in the Azeri language (Photo: Molla
Nasraddin Magazine, 1908).
(“Language Transitions: Why I don’t know Azeri”),
Azerbaijan International (10.4) Winter 2002, p. 22.)
22..aa.. In this passage, the middle-aged man introduced above purchases a
magazine.
(II)
Burada kimì desìn rast gìlmìk olard›. Kiéi meydan›n mìrkìzinì do¤ru
add›mlama¤a baélad›. Beé-on metr getmiédi ki, bir uéa¤›n - «Molla
Nìsrìddin», «Molla Nìsrìddin», tìzì jurnal, tìzì jurnal, al›n, lap az qal›b! –
dìyì q›éq›rd›¤›n› eéitdi vì o tìrìfì __1. __ . Uéaq éìkillli bir jurnal› baé›
êstêndì yellìdìrìk cìld add›mlarla meydan› __2. __ . Kiéi uéa¤› sìslìdi vì
çzê dì add›mlar›n› sêr’ìtlìndirib ona do¤ru getdi. Uéa¤›n qoltu¤unda bir
neâì jurnal __3. __ . O, uéa¤a âatan kimi cibindìn pul â›xar›b jurnaldan
birini __4. __ . Hçvsìlìsi âatmad›, kìnara âìkilib tez jurnal› vìrìqlìmìyì
baélad›. Jurnal›n êz qab›¤›ndak› éìkil diqqìtini daha âox cìlb etdi. Éìkildì
âoxlu yatm›é adam __5. __ . Dìrin yuxuda olan bu adamlar›n bì’zilìri art›q
oyanmaqda, gìrnìémìkdì, baélar›n› yerlìrindìn qald›rmaqda idilìr. Âoxu
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dìrin yuxuda, bì’zilìri isì yar›yuxulu, yar› oyanmaqda olan bu adamlar›n
qaba¤›nda ìli ìsal› molla ayaq êstì __6. __ . O, bu adamlara mêraciìtlì
deyirdi; «Sizi deyib gìlmiéìm, ey mìnim mêsìlman qardaélar›m!»
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 223)
22..bb.. Find the missing words from the selections below. Pay attention to
distractors.
Misal:
---------------------------------
5.
tìsvir edilmiédi
qalm›éd›
ald›
baélad›
baxd›
dayanm›éd›
gêldê
dolaé›rd›
tìsvir edilmiédi
rast gìluéaq
lap
éìkil
yellìtcìld
sêr’ìt
uéa¤a âatan kimi
hçvsìlì
âatvìrìq
êz
cìlb ettìsvir etyuxu
gìrnìéqald›rmaqda idilìr
adamlar›n qaba¤›nda
ayaq êstì dayanmêraciìtlì
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to see; to meet
child
very
picture
to wave
quick
speed; pace
as soon as he reached the boy
patience
to be enough, suffice
page
front; face
to draw, attract
to depict
sleep
to stretch
they were raising, … in the process of
raising
before the men
to stand on one’s feet
by appealing to, addressing
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111
22..cc.. How do you understand the highlighted verb?
Uéaq éìkillli bir jurnal› baé› êstêndì yellìdìrìk cìld add›mlarla
meydan› dolaé›rd›.
Note that the marker for the progressive tense is
–(y)›r / –(y)ir /–(y)ur /–(y)êr.
Therefore, the past progressive verb has the form:
dolaé›rd›
deyirdi
sçylìyirdi
was walking
was saying
was telling
Turkish: dolaé›yordu, diyordu, sçylêyordu
To learn more about the past progressive tense, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (pp. 274f. and 332).
33..aa.. The middle-aged man is now reading the journal.
(III)
Kiéi éìkli o saatdaca baéa dêédê. Tez jurnal› qoltu¤una vurub tindìki
âayxanaya tìlìsdi. ‹âìri girìn kimi boé stullardan birindì oturub âay
sifarié verdi. Gçzlêyênê tax›b, jurnal› acgçzlêklì oxuma¤a baélad›. O hìr
bir yaz›n› oxuduqca baé›n›n hìrìkìti ilì raz› qald›¤›n› bildirir, çzênê
gêlmìkdìn saxlaya bilmirdi. Kiéi âox qiymìtli bir éey tapm›é, olduqca xoé
bir xìbìr eéitmié adamlar kimi sevincini gizlìdì bilmìdi. Qeyri-ixtiyari
olaraq p›â›ldad›: «Nìhayìt ki, bu gênê dì gçrdêm!»…
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 224)
o saatdaca
baéa dêétin
qeyri-ixtiyari
nìhayìt
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Chapter 5
at that very moment
to understand; to realize
corner
instinctively
finally
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33..bb.. Please answer.
-
Where did the man read the magazine?
What was his reaction to what he read and saw?
33..cc.. How do you understand the verbs in the abilitative?
Çzênê gêlmìkdìn saxlaya bilmirdi.
Olduqca xoé bir xìbìr eéitmié adamlar kimi sevincini gizlìdì
bilmìdi.
These verbs are both in the abilitative and past tense.
saxlaya bilmirdi
bilmirdi:
he could not keep (himself from laughing)
past progressive
Turkish: saklayam›yordu
gizlìdì bilmìdi
bilmìdi:
he was unable to hide (his joy)
simple past
Turkish: gizleyemedi
To learn more about these tenses, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp.
331f.).
44..aa.. This passage describes the appearance of the magazine.
(IV)
Kiéinin sevincinì sìbìb olan bu jurnal mìéhur «Molla Nìsrìddin»
jurnal› idi. «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal›n›n ilk nçmrìsi 1906-c› il
aprel ay›n›n 7-dì âapdan â›xm›éd›r. Jurnal›n redaktoru bçyêk
Azìrbaycan yaz›â›s› Cìlil Mìmmìdquluzadì idi.
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Cìlil Mìmmìdquluzadì (1866-1932) Naxâ›vanda anadan olmué, ilk
tìhsilini dì burada alm›éd›.
Sonra o, Qori mêìllimlìr
seminariyas›n› bitirmié, bir mêddìt kìnd mìktìblìrindì mêìllimlik
etmiédi. Do¤ma xalq›n›n gêzìran›, dìrdlìri ilì yax›ndan tan›é olan
Cìlil Mìmmìdquluzadì 1906-c› ildì «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal›n›
nìér etdirmìyì baélay›r. Jurnal q›sa fasilìlìrlì 25 il (1906-1931-ci
illìr) nìér olunur. «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› Tiflisdì, Tìbrizdì vì
Bak›da nìér edilmiédi.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 224f.)
âapdan â›xgêzìran
fasilì
to be published
life
interval; pause
44..bb.. Please answer.
-
What is said about the editor of Molla Nasraddin?
What are important dates in the history of the journal?
44..cc.. Revisit passages (I)-(IV) above and underline all place names.
55..aa.. The significance of Molla Nasraddin.
(V)
«Molla Nìsrìddin» hìyatdak› bêtên nçqsanlar›, mìnfi cìhìtlìri ac›
gêlêélì tìnqid edìn, gêldêrì-gêldêrì dêéêndêrmìyì, dêéêndêredêéêndêre silkìlìyib oyatma¤a âal›éan, ié gçrmìyì âa¤›ran bir
jurnal idi. Onun gêlêéê oyanmaqda olan, ìtraf›n› gçrìn, yaxé›n›
pisdìn, dostu dêémìndìn seâìn bir adam›n gêlêéê idi. «Molla
Nìsrìddin» jurnal› çz dçvrênên gêzgêsê idi. Buna gçrì dì Cìlil
Mìmmìdquluzadì deyirdi ki, «Molla Nìsrìddin»i zìmìnì çzê
yetirdi.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 225)
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55..bb.. Write the number of the best English equivalent next to each item on the
left. Pay attention to distractors.
---------------------
nçqsan
tìnqid etmìk
silkìlìmìk
oyanmaq
gêzgê
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
satire
mirror
to embellish
shortcoming
to wake up
to shake up
to criticize
55..cc.. Take a close look at the quote by C. Mammadkhuluzade:
Buna gçrì dì Cìlil Mìmmìdquluzadì deyirdi ki, «Molla
Nìsrìddin»i zìmìnì çzê yetirdi.
Accordingly, Cìlil Mìmmìdquluzadì used to say that Molla
Nasraddin was produced by the era itself.
What did Mammadkhuluzade mean?
66..aa.. The fame and importance of Molla Nasraddin:
(VI)
Âox keâmìdìn «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› da Molla Nìsrìddin’in
çzê kimi bêtên Éarqdì mìéhurlaéd›, sevilì-sevilì oxundu, ìldìnìlì, dildìn dilì gìzdi. Onun Tiflisdì, ‹rìvanda, Da¤›standa,
Tìbrizdì, Çzbìkistanda, Têrkmìnistanda, Kr›mda, Kazanda,
Ufada, Hìétìrxanda, ‹stanbulda, Qahirìdì, Bombeydì vì sair
yerlìrdì âoxlu oxucusu vard›. Jurnal Avropan›n vì Amerikan›n da
bir âox çlkìlìrindì genié éçhrìt qazanm›éd›.
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(VII)
«Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› xalq›m›z›n çz azadl›¤› u¤runda
mêbarizìsinì hìmiéì xêsusi diqqìt yetirmiédi. Jurnal mêxtìlif
yollarla, êsullarla Rusiya, ‹ran, Têrkiyì vì Almaniya hçkmdarlar›n›
iféa etmiédi.
(VIII)
Jurnal›n sìhifìlìrindì tez-tez xalq›m›z›n Cìnubi Azìrbaycanda
yaéayan hissìsinin azadl›q mêbarizìsindìn bìhs edìn yaz›lar âap
olunurdu. Jurnalda xalq azadl›q hìrìkat›n›n baéâ›lar› Sìttarxan,
Ba¤›rxan haqq›nda yaz›lm›é, onlar›n éìkillìri verilmiédi. «Molla
Nìsrìddin» jurnal› belì yaz›lar› ilì, xalq qìhrìmanlar›n›n éìkillìrini
vermìklì bçyêk cìsarìt, vìtìnpìrvìrlik nêmunìsi gçstìrmiédi.
(IX)
Jurnalda Orta Asiya, ‹ran, Têrkiyì, Hindistan vì baéqa çlkìlìrin
hìyat›na aid yaz›lar, éìkillìr verilirdi. Bunlar hìmin çlkìlìrdì
yaéayan têrk-mêsìlman qardaélar›m›z›n dìrdlìrini, arzu vì
istìklìrini dêzgên ìks etdirirdi. Bu mollanìsrìddinâilìrin-jurnal›n
ìmìkdaélar›n›n, têrk-mêsìlman çlkìlìrinin tarixinì, gêndìlik
hìyat›na yaxé› bìlìd olduqlar›n› gçstìrirdi.
(X)
«Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› qad›n azadl›¤› mìsìlìlìrinì dì xêsusi
fikir verir, qad›nlar›n mêdafiìâisi kimi â›x›é edirdi. O, q›zlar›n
tìhsili qay¤›s›na qal›rd›. Onlar›n savadlanmas›na, oxumas›na
âal›é›rd›.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 226.)
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66..bb.. The table below lists some the main topics of the passages you just read, i.e., texts
(VI)-(X). Enter the text numbers (VI)-(X) under the suitable topics headings.
The aspirations of
Turkic-Muslim peoples
Molla Nasraddin’s
reach beyond
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan’s struggle
for freedom
The education of
women
66..cc.. Circle, in texts (VI)-(X) above, all proper names.
In contrast to the Muslim school, this
sketch emphasizes the popularity and
prestige of a Russian-language education
in Azerbaijan. From "Molla Nasraddin"
satiric magazine, 1908.
(“Language Transitions: Why I don’t know Azeri”),
AzerbaijanInternational (10.4) Winter 2002, p. 22.)
77..aa.. The topic of national language has played an important role for
Azerbaijanis. These paragraphs touch upon the treatment of this topic in the
early 20th century.
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117
(XI)
«Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› hìmiéì dilimizin varl›¤›, tìmizliyi u¤runda
mêbarizì aparm›éd›. «Molla Nìsrìddin» çz halq›na hìmiéì sadì, éirin,
duzlu-mìzìli el sçzlìri ilì mêraciìt edirdi. Do¤ma ana dilini unudanlara
gêlêrdê. Jurnal›n «Mêsìlman oxumuélar›» éìkli elì bu mìsìlìyì hìsr
edilmiédi.
Éìklin alt›nda bir-birini anlamayan iki ziyal›n›n sçhbìti
verilmiédir. Yad dildì tìhsil alan bu adamlar ana dilini unutduqlar›ndan
indi bir-biri ilì dan›éa, bir-birini baéa dêéì bilmirlìr.
«Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› do¤ma dilimizi yad sçzlìrlì zìhìrlìyìnlìri, onu
zorla xarici dillìrlì ìvìz etmìyì âal›éanlar› da hìmiéì tìnqid etmiédir.
Mìsìlìn, jurnal›n nçmrìlìrinin birindì verilmié éìkildì bir neâì nìfìr bir
azìrbaycanl›n›-azìri têrkênê yerì y›x›b, onun dilini kìsib, zorla çzgì dillìri
onun a¤z›na soxma¤a âal›é›r. Éeklin alt›nda yaz›lm›éd›r: «Ay qardaélar,
mìn dilsiz yaranmam›éam. Çz dilim var. Niyì a¤z›mda çz dilim ola-ola
çzgì dillìri soxursunuz a¤z›ma?»
«Molla Nìsrìddin» Azìrbaycanda, elìcì dì bêtên qonéu çlkìlìrdì nìér
olunan ilk tìnqidi jurnal idi. Âox keâmìdìn onun tì’siri ilì Orta Asiya,
Tatar›stan vì bir s›ra baéqa têrk-mêsìlman çlkìlìrindì dì belì tìnqidi
jurnallar â›xma¤a baélad›.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 226f.)
hìmiéì
mêbìrizì aparduzlu-mìzìli
el sçzlìri
mêraciìt etmìsìlì
hìsr etyad
xarici
ìvìz etçzgì
yarantìsir
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always
to fight
pleasant and witty
popular, folk expressions
to address
problem
to devote
foreign
= yad
to replace
other
to be created
influence; effect
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77..bb.. Circle, in text (XI), words and phrases that broadly belong to the subject of
“language” and “language use.”
77..cc.. Underline words and phrases that describe the role the magazine Molla
Nasraddin played with regard to the issue of language.
77..dd.. Please answer.
What is the position taken in this text with respect to the language used in
Azerbaijan?
What do you know about the state of the language in Azerbaijan during
th
the 20 century?
In the history textbook for 5th graders, there are references to the school
and language situation in the late 19th century. They appear in the chapter
on Hasan bey Zardabi, the publisher of the first national newspaper of
Azerbaijan.
Hìsìn bìy Zìrdabi 1842-ci ildì Gçyâay qìzas›n›n Zìrdab kìndindì
ziyal›, bìy ailìsindì anadan olmuétur. 10 yaé› tamam olanda atas›
onu oxumaq êâên Éamax› éìhìr mìktìbinì qoyur. Bu mìktìbi
bitirdikdìn sonra Tiflis qìzì gimnaziyas›na daxil olur.
Gimnaziyada oxuyarkìn çz âal›éqanl›¤› vì biliyi ilì yoldaélar›ndan
fìrqlìnir. Moskva universtitetinì onu imtahans›z qìbul edirlìr. [….]
Bak› quberniyas›nda tìkcì Bak›da gimnaziya mìktìbi vard›. Burada
da dìrslìr rus dilindì keâilirdi. Odur ki, mìktìbì, hìtta onun
haz›rl›q siniflìrinì rus dilindì yaz›b-oxuma¤› bilìn adamlar›
gçtêrêrdêlìr. Azìrbaycan dilindì mìktìb yox idi. [….]
Kìndlilìr rus dilini bilmìdiklìrindìn vìziyyìtlìri daha a¤›r idi.
Savads›z kìndli yeni qanunlar›, çz hêquqlar›n› baéa dêémêrdê.
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 217f.)
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88..aa.. The following was said by the former president of Azerbaijan, Heydar
Aliyev, in a televised forum on "Youth" in Baku in 1996.
"I would encourage our youth to learn as many foreign
languages as possible. But prior to that ambitious goal, they
all should know their own language - Azeri. They should feel
it as a mother language and be able to think in it. I wish for
the day when our youth can read Shakespeare in English,
Pushkin in Russian, and our own Azerbaijani poets - Nizami,
Fuzuli and Nasimi - in Azerbaijani."
(Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan, in a televised forum on "Youth" in Baku on February 2, 1996, from
Azerbaijan International (4.4) Winter 1996, p. 25.)
88..bb.. What does Heydar Aliyev’s statement indicate about the state of the
national language debate at the end of the 20th century?
For more on contemporary language issues see “Why I don't know Azeri,” by
Natasha Trishkova and “Why I had to learn Russian,” by Azar Mammad, and
“Alphabet Changes,” by Betty Blair, in: (“Language Transitions: Why I don’t
know Azeri”), Azerbaijan International (10.4) Winter 2002, pp. 22f. and 26.
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99..aa.. Consider also the following quote by literary critic Kamal Abdullayev,
as you discuss the topic of ‘language in Azerbaijan’s past and present.’
Alphabet Reversals
"All of my books have been published in Cyrillic. I know that
within five years or so, the younger generations will not be
able to read them. Sometimes I think: 'What a pity! I've
been serving this society as a scholar for 55 years but no
one will be able to read my books in the future.'
"But that's all right. It's important for us to use the Latin
alphabet. A common alphabet will bring us together with the
other Turkic peoples and will give us a national identity. The
Cyrillic alphabet was imposed upon us by Soviet
totalitarianism and it was necessary to rid ourselves of it.
The Latin alphabet will return us to the direction in history
that we want to go."
(Kamal Abdullayev, in an interview with Azerbaijan International, in late 1999, from
Azerbaijan International (8.1), Spring 2000, p 25.)
For more on the language debate, refer to reading number 1111 at the end
of this chapter.
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1100..aa.. Read these questions which accompanied the text on the magazine Molla
Nasraddin provided in tasks 1.-7. above.
Note that the newspaper Ìkinâi (Farmer) appeared in 1875 and was the first
national newspaper of Azerbaijan.
Sual vì tapé›r›qlar:
Jurnal›n êz qab›¤›ndak› éìkildì nì tìsvir edilmiédi?
Hesablay›n: «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› «Ìkinâi» qìzetindìn neâì
il sonra âapdan â›xma¤a baélad›?
Cìlil Mìmmìdquluzadìnin «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal›n› 25 il
nìér etdirmìsi, sizcì, nìyi gçstìrir?
Nì êâên «Molla Nìsrìddin» jurnal› çz dçvrênên gêzgêsê idi?
Jurnal hans› çlkìlìrdì bçyêk éçhrìt qazanm›éd›?
«Molla Nìsrìddin»in halq›m›z›n azadl›q mêbarizìsinì rì¤bìtini
nìdìn gçrêrsênêz?
Jurnalda hans› çlkìlìrin hìyat›na aid yaz› vì éìkillìr verilirdi?
Bu nìyi gçstìrirdi?
«Molla Nìsrìddin» «gêldêrmìklì dêéêndêrêrdê» ifadìsini necì
baéa dêéêrsênêz?
Sìttarxan, Ba¤›rxan adlar› sizì tan›éd›rm›? Bu xalq qìhrìmanlar›
haqq›nda nì bilirsiniz? Jurnalda onlar›n éìkillìrini vìrmìk nì
êâên bçyêk cìsarìt hesab edilirdi?
Sizcì, niyì oxucular «Molla Nìsrìddin»i âox sevirdilìr?
(Y. Mahmudlu & als. (1998) Ata Yurdu:
5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik, s. 223-228.)
rì¤bìt
cìsarìt
hesab et-
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sympathy
courage
to consider
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1100..bb.. How do you understand the highlighted elements?
«Molla Nìsrìddin» «gêldêrmìklì dêéêndêrêrdê» ifadìsini necì
baéa dêéêrsênêz?
Note that necì means how and baéa dêémìk means to understand.
1100..cc.. The adjective tanݎ means familiar, known.
How do you understand the highlighted form?
Sìttarxan, Ba¤›rxan adlar› sizì tan›éd›rm›?
The personal suffix for the verb to be, for the third person
in the present tense is:
-dir / -d›r / -dêr / -dur.
tan›éd›r
yaxé›d›r
gçzìldir
mìktìbdìdir
is familiar
is good
is beautiful
is in the school
When used in a yes-no question with the question particle,
the order of suffixes will be as follows
… sizì tan›éd›rm›
gçzìldirmi
mìktìbdìdirmi
Is … familiar to you?
is beautiful?
is at school?
Note also:
tanݎ deyil
mìktìbdì deyil
is not familiar
is not in the school
To learn more about “present tense statements with the verb to be,” refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary
Azerbaijani (pp. 17f., and p. 15 for examples).
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1100..dd.. Add the necessary suffixes to create predicates that have the
form tan›éd›rm›.
Misal:
Bak›da:
Bak›dad›rm›?
/ cavan / ziyal› / mêìllim / redaktor / yaz›â› / amerikal› /
êmidli / Bak›da / Azìrbaycanda / kêâìdì / ortayaél› / dolu /
Also note:
In Azerbaijani, yes-no questions can also be asked without
the question particle. When speaking, the question is then
marked by rising intonation.
Bu kitab yaxé›d›r?
Turkish:
Bu kitap iyi mi?
To learn more about forming questions, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 36 and 86).
1100..ee.. Below you will find a list of interrogative pronouns or question words. Write
the number of the best English equivalent next to each item on the left. Note that the
same number can be used more than once. Also, pay attention to distractors.
Misal:
-----------------------------
8 nì
hans›
nì
nì êâên
nìdìn
necì
niyì
neâì
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8.
9.
who
which
how
where
why
what
how many
For more on question words, refer to Kurtulué Çztopâu’s Elementary Azerbaijani (pp. 167f).
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1100..ff.. Translate the following short questions.
Evdìdirmi? - ‹édìdirmi? - Niyì belìdir? - Neâìyìdir? - Bu hans›d›r? – Uéaqd›rm›?
1111..
For a more recent opinion on the role of the Azerbaijani language, read the
excerpts from Ayéì Kìrimova’s piece, published in 525-ci Qìzet below.
Dil kompleksi
A. Kərimova
Son zamanlar rusdilli mətbuatla azərbaycandilli mətbuat aras›nda baş verən
âəkişmələr hər kəsin diqqətini âəkdi. Bundan əlavə "rus dili və ya Têrkiyə têrkcəsi
təhlêkədi" kimi diskussiyalar da aâ›ld›. Bir dil kompleksi var millətimizdə. İllərdi
bu kompleksdən xilas ola bilmirik, digər komplekslərimiz kimi. Kinoşênas Ayaz
Salayev mêsahibələrindən birində rus dilindən âox, têrk dilinin Azərbaycan êâên
bçyêk təhlêkə olduğunu deyir. Başqa birisinə gçrə isə əksinə, rus dili gənc nəsil
êâên təhlêkədir. Mənim fikrimcə, AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİNDƏN başqa bêtên dillər
təhlêkədi. [….]
Azərbaycanl›lar Azərbaycan dilində yazmal› və oxumal›d›rlar. Dêşênêrəm ki,
dillə bağl› âox kəskin tədbirlərə əl at›lmal›d›r. Hələ də rus dili kompleksindən
can›m›z› qurtara bilməmişik. Son zamanlar buna têrk dili də əlavə olunub.
Rayonlarda balaca uşaqlar Têrkiyə têrkcəsi ilə dan›ş›r. Bir problem â›xan kimi
aram›zda "gênahkar keâini" axtarmağa başlay›r›q. Əslində, birinci çzêmêzêk
gênahkar. O dəqiqə "çzêmêz"dən â›x›r›q. Və əcaib bir şeyə dçnêrêk. Dirənə
bilmirik. Çzêmêzdən sonra, KİV-dir gênahkar, sonra ziyal›lar və s. S›ran›
art›rmaq da olar. Ana dilini bilməyən, milləti ilə onun dilində dan›şmayan
jurnalisti jurnalist, ziyal›n› ziyal›, siyasətâini də siyasətâi kimi qəbul edə bilmirəm.
Rus dilli olmalar› ucbat›ndan ziyal›lar›m›zla millətimiz aras›nda uâurum yarand›
və o "ziyal›lar" ziyanl› oldular. Hələ də bu insanlardan qurtula bilmirik. Nə qədər
ki, rusdilli təhsil qalmaqdad›r, bu problem həll edilməyəcək. Azərbaycan›n
Konstitusiyas› var və ona bêtên bəndləri ilə əməl olunmal›d›r. Zəhmət âəkib
Azərbaycanda yaşayan ruslar da Azərbaycan dilini çyrənsinlər. Necə ki,
Têrkiyədəki əcnəbilər têrk dilini çyrənirlər.
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Rusdilli məktəblərdə oxuyan şagirdlər doğru-dêrêst azərbaycanca nə dan›şa
bilir, nə də savadl› yaza bilirlər. Belə bir şey hans› dçvlətdə var, gçrəsən› Rus,
ingilis, alman, hətta erməni dilini də çyrənmək laz›md›r. Amma bunlardan əvvəl
doğma dildə dan›şmağ›, yazmağ› bacarmal›y›q. Hələ də bir qisim insan anlam›r
ki, dçvlət sənə ruscan› (və ya başqa bir dili) millətinlə həmin dildə dan›şasan deyə
çyrətmir. Ona gçrə çyrədir ki, yeri dêşəndə bu dillərdən istifadə edəsən. Və ya
rusca qəzet, jurnal â›xarasan deyə də çyrətmir. "Biz rusca ona gçrə yaz›r›q ki,
xaricdə yaşayan çlkə haqq›nda xəbəri olsun". Âox gêlməli və əsass›z səbəb.
Birincisi, xaricdə yaşayan azərbaycanl›lar›n ad›ndan dan›şmay›n, ikincisi,
azərbaycandilli xəbər portallar› kifayət qədərdir ki, oradan xəbər almaq istəyənlər
yararlana bilərlər. "Tak âto" əziz dostlar vaxt itirmədən azərbaycanca savadl›
yazmağ› və təmiz dan›şmağ› çyrənin. Uşaqlar›n›z› da rus dilli deyil, Azərbaycan
dilli məktəblərdə oxudun. Başqa yolunuz yoxdur. Yetər, rus beyniylə dêşênêb,
rus beyniylə hərəkət etdiyimiz.
(http://www.525.az/new/2008/02/02/read=25185)
*
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Chapter 6
Azerbaijan: Geography
(www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/azerbaij.pdf)
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11..aa.. Read and translate the overview over the geographic features of
Azerbaijan.
(I.)
Azìrbaycan Respublikas› Zaqafqaziyan›n éìrqindì yerlìéir. Onun
ìrazisi éimaldan Baé Qafqaz s›ra da¤lar›ndan Kiâik Qafqaz vì Tal›é
da¤lar›na qìdìr uzan›r. Éimalda Azìrbaycan Rusiya Federasiyas›
ilì, qìrbdì Ermìnistan vì Gêrcêstan ilì, cìnubda ‹ran vì Têrkiye ilì
hìmsìrhìddir. Respublika éìrqdìn Xìzìr dìnizi ilì ìhatì olunur.
Zaqafqaziya
éìrq
ìrazi
éimal
qìrb
cìnub
hìmsìrhìd
Xìzìr denizi
ìhatì olun-
Transcaucasus
east
territory
north
west
south
sharing a border,
neighboring (countries)
Caspian Sea
to be surrounded
(II.)
Azìrbaycan ìrazisi 86,6 min kv. km-dir. Materik hissìsindìn ìlavì
onun tìrkibindì Xìzìr dìnizdìki sahilboyu adalar da daxildir.
Respublika ìrazisinin tìbiìti son dìrìcì rìngarìng vì gçzìl olub,
yêksìk da¤ silsilìlìri vì dêzìnliklìrindìn ibarìtdir. Ìrazisinin mêtlìq
hêndêrlêyê dìniz sìviyyìsindìn - 27,0 m-dìn 4666 m-ì qìdìrdir.
materik
continental
tìrkib
structure;
composition
exceedingly
chain
plains
to consist of
absolute
height
level
ìlavì
son dìrìcì
silsilì
dêzìnlik
ibarìt
mêtlìq
hêndêrlêq
sìviyyì
128
Chapter 6
in addition
köRpü
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(III.)
Azìrbaycan ìsasìn da¤l›q çlkìdir. Onun ìrazisinin 2/3 hissìsini Bçyêk
vì Kiâik Qafqaz›n da¤ sistemlìri, Qaraba¤ vulkanik yaylas› vì Tal›é
da¤lar› tutur. Bçyêk vì Kiâik Qafqaz silsilìlìri aras›nda maili dêzìnliklìri
vì alâaq da¤l›q tirìlìrlì haéiyìlìnmié genié Kêr-Araz oval›¤› uzan›r.
Tal›é da¤ìtìklìri boyunca cìnuba do¤ru daralan Lìnkìran oval›¤›
Naxâ›van âçkìkliyindì isì Arazboyu dêzìnlik yerlìéir.
hissì
yayla
maili
dêzìnlik
tirì
haéiyìlìnmié
âçkìklik
part, portion
plateau
sloping
flat land
ridge
flanked
depression
(IV.)
Azìrbaycan faydal› qaz›nt›larla zìngindir: dìmir vì polimetal filizlìri,
tikinti materiallar› (ìhìngdaé›, mergel, qranit, mìrmìr vì s.). Faydal›
qaz›nt›lar iâìrisindì art›q 100 ildìn âox istismar olunan neft vì qaz
ìsas yer tutur. Respublika çzênên mineral sular› ilì mìéhurdur,
bunlar›n aras›nda ‹stisu, elìcì dì Sirab, Badaml›, Dar›da¤ vì
digìrlìri xêsusi éçhrìtì malikdir.
filiz
tikinti
neft
xêsusi
éçhrìt
malikdir
ore
construction
petroleum; oil
special
fame
has/have; own(s)
(V.)
Azìrbaycan›n âay éìbìkìsinì 1250-dìk âay daxildir, bunlardan
yaln›z 29-nun uzunlu¤u 100 km-dìn art›qd›r. Da¤l›q sahìlìr âay
éìbìkìsinin daha âox s›xl›¤› ilì fìrqlìnir, quraq da¤ìtìyi yerlìrdì vì
dêzìnliklìrdì âaylar›n miqdar› vì onlar›n sululu¤u kìskin azal›r.
Bêtên âaylar Xìzìr dìnizi hçvzìsinì aiddir.
âay
éìbìkì
art›q
s›xl›q
miqdar
hçvzì
köRpü
river; stream
network
more
density
number
basin
köPrü
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129
(VI.)
Kêr Azìrbaycan›n ìn bçyêk âay›d›r. Onun uzunlu¤u
respublikan›n hêdudlar›nda 900 km-dir. Kêrên aéa¤› axar›ndan
yerli gìmiâilikdì istifadì olunur. Daha iri qollar› Araz, Qan›x vì
Qab›rr› âaylar›d›r. Éimal-éìrqi Azìrbaycan›n vì Lìnkìran
zonas›n›n âaylar› bilavasitì Xìzìr dìnizinì tçkêlêr.
hêdud
axar
gìmiâilik
istifadì
bilavasitì
border
stream, current
shipping
use
directly
(VII.)
Azìrbaycanda iri gçllìr yoxdur, lakin x›rda gçllìrin say› 250-yì
âat›r. Da¤l›q rayonlarda tektonik, bìnd vì buzlaq mìnéìli gçllìr
var. Bunlar›n iâìrisindì daha mìéhur olan Gçygçl (1556 m.
hêndêrlêkdì), Bçyêk vì Kiâik Alagçldêr (2730 m. hêndêrlêkdì).
x›rda
âatbìnd
mìnéì
130
Chapter 6
small
to reach
dam, reservoir
origin
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(VIII.)
Azìrbaycan›n torpaq çrtêyê xeyli rìngarìngdir: yêksìk da¤l›¤›n da¤-âìmìn
torpaqlar›ndan tutmué yar›msìhralar›n boz torpaqlar›na vì Lìnkìran
subtropiklìrinin sar› torpaqlar›na qìdìr yay›l›b.
Yer sìthinin mêtlìq hêndêrlêyênên bçyêk tìrìddêdê ilì ìlaqìdìr olaraq
torpaq vì bitki çrtêyê quréaqlar boyunca uzan›r. Ìsas torpaq-bitki quréaqlar›,
oval›qlar›n yar›msìhra quréa¤›, da¤ìtìyi yar›m-gçl, da¤-meéì (alâaq vì orta
da¤lar), yêksìk da¤l›¤›n alp, subalp vì nival quréaqlar›ndan ibarìtdir.
âìmìn
tutmué
yar›msìhra
boz
sìth
tìrìddêd
ìlaqìdìr
quréaq
oval›q
meéì
meadow, grassland
from: -dEn tutmué … -(y)E qìdìr: from … to
semi-desert
grey
surface
variation, inconsistency
related
zone
lowlands
wood, forest
(IX.)
Azìrbaycanda 4100-dìn âox bitki nçvê mêìyyìn olunub, bunlardan
9%-ì yax›n› endemikdir. Azìrbaycan›n ìrazisindì çz xarakterik fauna
kompleksi olan bir neâì zooco¤rafi ìyalìt mçvcuddur. Dêzìnliklìrdì
gìmiricilìr, sêrênìnlìr son dìrìcì âoxdur. ‹ri heyvanlardan ceyran
yaéay›r. Bçyêk Qafqaz›n yamaclar›nda meéì heyvanlar›ndan canavar,
ay›, vaéaq, âçl donuzu, maral yaéay›r. Burada Da¤›stan qayakeâisinì
dì rast gìlinir. Xìzìr kçrfìzindì quélar alìmi zìngin vì rìngarìngdir.
nçv
mêìyyìn
ìyalìt
mçvcud
gìmirici
sêrênìn
ceyran
yamac
canavar
vaéaq
maral
qayakeâisi
alìm
köRpü
species; kind
established, defined
district, province
present, in existence
rodent
reptile
gazelle
slope
wolf
lynx
deer
mountain goat
world; kingdom
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131
(IX.)
Azìrbaycan tìbii komplekslìrinin qorunmas› vì bìrpas›nda
respublikada yarad›lm›é qoruqlar vì yasaqlar›n bçyêk ìhìmiyyìti var.
Bunlardan ìn bçyêklìri Q›z›la¤ac vì Zaqatala qoruqlar›d›r.
bìrpa
qoruq
yasaq
ìhìmiyyìt
restoration
preserve
prohibition, ban
importance
(X.)
Mêasir Azìrbaycan inkiéaf etmié âoxsahìli kìnd tìsìrrêfat› vì sìnayì
çlkìsidir. Zìngin tìbii ehtiyatlar ìsas›nda mêasir sìnayì- neftâ›xarma,
neft emal›, maé›nqay›rma, metallurgiya, energetika, kimya, yêngêl,
yeyinti vì s. sìnayì sahìlìri inkiéaf etmiédir.
Kìnd tìsìrrêfat› respublikan›n iqtisadiyyat›nda mêhêm yer tutur. Onun
ìsas istiqamìtlìri pamb›qâ›l›q, êzêmâêlêk, tìrìvìzâilik, meyvìâilik,
tax›lâ›l›q vì heyvandarl›qd›r.
mêasir
inkiéaf etsahì
kìnd
tìsìrrêfat
sìnayì
ehtiyat
neft
emal
qay›ryêngêl
yeyinti
iqtisadiyyat
mêhêm
istiqamìt
pamb›q
tìrìvìz
tax›l
132
Chapter 6
modern, contemporary
to develop
area
rural; village
agriculture
industry
reserve; resource
petroleum, oil
production
to make, build
light
food
economy
important
direction; orientation; area
cotton
vegetable
grain
köRpü
köPrü
(XI.)
Azìrbaycan›n zìngin tìbiìti, tarixi arxitektura abidìlìri vì qìdim
éìrq mìdìniyyìti ìnìnìlìri buraya turistlìri cìlb edir. ‹qlim
éìraitinin mêxtìlifliyi, mêalicìvi mineral sular›n âoxlu¤u, Xìzìr
dìnizinin qumluq âimìrliklìri kurort vì istirahìt zonalar›n›n
inkiéaf›na sìbìb olmuédur. Naftalan, ‹stisu, Éuéa, Mìrdìkan,
Bilgìh, Abéeron sa¤laml›q zonalar› ìn mìéhur kurortlard›r.
abidì
ìnìnì
cìlb
éìrait
mêxtìliflik
mêalicìvi
âimìrlik
kurort
monument
tradition
attract
conditions
diversity; richness
healing
beach
health resort
(Text adapted from http://www.azerbaycan.ru/azerb/cografiya/index.php)
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Chapter 6
133
134
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Chapter 7
The News: National - International
11..aa.. Match each news item, numbered (I)-(VI), with its appropriate header. Choose
from the selections provided in the box below. Pay attention to distractors.
11 sentyabr terroru yad edilib
Azìrbaycan Prezidenti Âinì sìfìr edìcìk
Azìrbaycan turizm sektorunun bçyêk potensial› var
Daha dçrd çlkìdì sìfirliyimiz aâ›lacaq
Pentaqonun ‹rakdak› itkilìri art›r
Prezident Bìrdìyì gedib
Qaraba¤ mìsìlìsi Romada diqqìtì al›nacaq
Tìbii fìlakìtlìrdìn 600 milyon nìfìr ziyan gçrêb
X‹N baéâ›lar› Nyu-Yorkda gçrêéìcìk
(I)
Dênìn axéam Prezident ‹lham Ìliyev Bìrdì rayonuna yola
dêéêb. Mìlumatl› mìnbìlìrdìn bìlli olub ki, Bìrdìdì dçvlìt
baéâ›s› bir s›ra sosial-iqtisadi obyektlìrin aâ›l›é›nda iétirak
edìcìk, yerli ìhali vì mìcburi kçâkênlìrlì gçrêélìr keâirìcìk.
(II)
Azìrbaycan Prezidenti ‹lham Ìliyev 2005-ci ilin ìvvìllìrindì Âin
Xalq Respublikas›na (ÂXR) rìsmi sìfìrì gedìcìk. Bu barìdì
ÂXR-in Azìrbaycandak› sìfiri Âjan Siyun mìlumat verib. Sìfir
vur¤ulay›b ki, "bu sìfìri haz›rlamaq, onu maksimum u¤urlu vì
mìhsuldar etmìk êâên bçyêk ié aparmaq laz›md›r. Bu zìmindì
yax›n vaxtlarda biz iki çlkìnin xarici iélìr nazirliklìri aras›nda
mìslìhìtlìri nizama salma¤› planlaéd›r›r›q".
köRpü
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135
(III)
Azìrbaycan, Têrkiyì vì Ermìnistan›n xarici iélìr nazirlìri BMT Baé
Mìclisinin sentyabr›n 21-dì Nyu-Yorkda keâirilìcìk illik toplant›s›
zaman› gçrêéìcìklìr. Azìrbaycan›n xarici
iélìr naziri Elmar
Mìmmìdyarov deyib ki, gçrêédì Ermìnistan-Azìrbaycan, Da¤l›q
Qaraba¤ mênaqiéìsinin hìlli yollar›, Têrkiyìnin bu mìsìlìdì rolu vì
digìr mìsìlìlìr mêzakirì olunacaq. Azìrbaycan›n xarici siyasìt
idarìsinin baéâ›s› digìr çlkìlìrin xarici iélìr nazirlìri ilì dì gçrêélìr
keâirìcìk.
(IV)
Dênìn ABÉ sìfirliyindì 2001-ci ilin 11 sentyabr terror qurbanlar›n›n
an›m gênê keâirilib. Sìfirliyin ìmìkdaélar› vì onlar›n ailì êzvlìri
hìlak olanlar›n xatirìsini bir dìqiqìlik sêkutla yad edib. Sìfir Rino
Harnié â›x›é›nda bildirib ki, Amerika Azìrbaycan kimi dost vì
mêttìfiq çlkìlìrì arxalanaraq beynìlxalq terrorizmlì mêbarizìni
davam etdirir.
(V)
Yax›n aylarda Latviya, Belarus, Bolqar›stan vì ‹ndoneziyada
Azìrbaycan›n diplomatik korpuslar› fìaliyyìtì baélayacaq. Bu fikri
xarici iélìr nazirinin mêavini Vaqif Sad›qov bildirib. Onun sçzlìrinì
gçrì, sadalanan çlkìlìrdì Azìrbaycan sìfirliklìrinin aâ›lmas› haqda
Milli Mìclisin qìbul etdiyi qìrar dçvlìt baéâ›s› tìrìfindìn tìsdiq
olunub vì haz›rda bu mìqsìdlì laz›mi haz›rl›q iélìri apar›l›r. Yeni
sìfirlìrin tìyin olunmas›n›n yaln›z prezidentin sìlahiyyìtindì
oldu¤unu xat›rladan V.Sad›qov, aqremanlar (gìlìcìk sìfir haqda
hìmin çlkìyì gçndìrilmié tìqdimat) tìsdiqlìnìndìn sonra bu haqda
mìtbuata aâ›qlama verilìcìyini bildirib. O, hìmâinin, yax›n vaxtlarda
Azìrbaycan›n Avstriyaya da yeni sìfirinin tìyin edilìcìyini bildirib.
(VI)
2003-cê ildì planet sakinlìrindìn 600 milyon nìfìri bu vì ya digìr
dìrìcìdì tìbii fìlakìtlìrin qurban› olub. Hìmin mìlumat› BMT Baé
Katibi Kofi Annan çz hesabat›nda verib. BMT-nin hesabat›nda
hìmâinin bildirilir ki, mêxtìlif tìbii fìlakìtlìr nìticìsindì dìyìn
maddi ziyan›n hìcmi 65 milyard dollar tìékil edib. Çtìn il ìrzindì baé
vermié 700 tìbii fìlakìt nìticìsindì 75 min nìfìrdìn art›q adam hìlak
olub. Bunlar›n aras›nda ‹ran vì Ìlcìzairdì baé vermié dìhéìtli
zìlzìlìnin qurbanlar› da yer al›r.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
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köRpü
köPrü
11..bb.. (cont.)
mìcburi kçâkên
forced refugee
sìfir
mìhsuldar
zìmin
nazirlik
mìslìhìt
nizama sal-
ambassador
productive
basis
ministry
council
to put in order
xarici
hìll
mêzakirì
foreign
solution
discussion; debate
aile êzvlìri
hìlak olsêkut
arxalan-
family members
to die
silence
to be supported
fìaliyyìt
mêavin
sadalantìsdiq olunsìlahiyyìtindì
activity; work
deputy
to be named, listed
to be confirmed
power; authority
dìyìn maddi ziyan
the economic damage which
caused
in the course of the past year
çtìn il ìrzindì
11..bb.. Go back to texts (I)-(VI) and do the following:
-
Circle all place names mentioned.
Name the main points, for each section, in one or two
sentences.
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137
22..aa.. Entrance examinations
Sabah orta ixtisas tìdris mêìssisìlìrinì qìbul imtahanlar›
keâirilir
Sentyabr›n 12-dì Bak›, Sumqay›t, Naxâ›van, Gìncì, Lìnkìran,
Mingìâevir, Éìki vì A¤daéda 2004/2005-ci tìdris ili êâên orta
ixtisas tìdris mêìssisìlìrinì tìlìbì qìbulunun II turunun qìbul
imtahanlar›
keâirilìcìk.
Tìlìbì
Qìbulu
êzrì
Dçvlìt
Komissiyas›ndan (TQDK) verilìn mìlumata gçrì, imtahanlar›n
keâirilmìsi êâên 20 bina ayr›l›b, bunun 9-u Bak›da, 11-i isì
regionlardad›r. Abituriyentlìr sìnìdlìrini tìhvil verdiklìri sìnìd
qìbulu
komissiyalar›ndan
abituriyent
vìsiqìsi
vì
imtahana
burax›l›é vìrìqìsi almal›d›rlar. ‹mtahan keâirildiyi bina, onun
ênvan› vì imtahan baéland›¤› vaxt burax›l›é vìrìqindì gçstìrilib.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
22..bb.. Please answer.
It is said that a certain number of buildings have been
reserved. What is the purpose of reserving buildings in Baku and
other places?
The admission form (burax›l›é vìrìqi) is said to bear certain
pieces of information. What is this information?
138
Chapter 7
köRpü
köPrü
33..aa.. Heart operation
Klintonun êrìyindì cìrrahiyyì ìmìliyyat› apar›l›b
ABÉ-›n keâmié prezidenti 58 yaél› Bill Klintonun êrìyindì cìrrahiyyì
ìmìliyyat› __1. __ . Êrìkdì qan dçvran›n›n yaxé›laéd›r›lmas› êâên eksprezidentin êrìyinì 4 éunt __2. __. Klintonun hìkimi, Nyu-Yorkdak›
Kolumbiya universitetinin kardioloq qrupunun rìhbìri doktor Kreyq Smit
bildirib ki, tacvari aortada apar›lan ìmìliyyat 4 saat __3. __. Bill Klinton
ìmìliyyat› rahat __4. __. Eks-prezident 2-3 gên intensiv terapiya ota¤›nda
qal›b vì onun tìnìffês sistemi sêni nìfìsvermì cihaz›na qoéulub.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
êrìk
apartacvari
tìnìffês
heart
to perform
coronary
breathing
33..bb.. Find the missing words from the selections below. Pay attention to
distractors.
-------------------------
köRpü
âìkib
keâirib
apar›l›b
soruéub
gçstìrilib
qoyulub
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139
44..aa.. The “Azerbaycan” Hotel
"Azìrbaycan" mehmanxanas›na 15 milyon dollar
yat›r›lacaq
‹qtisadi ‹nkiéaf Nazirliyinin (‹‹N) Dçvlìt ìmlak›n›n ‹darìetmìsi vì
Çzìllìédirilmìsi Departamenti (DÌ‹ÇD) "Azìrbaycan"
mehmanxanas›n›n ikinci korpusunun icarìyì verilmìsi êzrì Bçyêk
Britaniyan›n "Global Investment ltd." éirkìti ilì sazié ba¤lay›b. Sazié 1
illiyì ba¤lan›b vì yerinì yetirilmìsindìn as›l› olaraq uzad›la bilìr.
"Global Investment ltd." éirkìtinin baé direktoru Zìfìr Tanqilin sçzlìrinì
gçrì, 200 nçmrìsi olan doqquz mìrtìbìli mehmanxana korpusu vì iki
restoran ("Laila" vì "‹nturist") bir ilì tam yenidìn qurulacaq. Burada
"dçrdulduz"lu "Radisson SAS" oteli yerlìéìcìk. Mehmanxanan›n
modernlìédirilmìsi 15 milyon dollara baéa gìlìcìk. Mehmanxana
korpusu icarìyì verildiyindìn, "Azìrbaycan"›n balans›ndan â›xar›l›b.
Mehmanxanan›n yenidìn qurulmas›na art›q start verilib. ‹élìr
Têrkiyìnin "Eren Port Construction" tikinti éirkìti tìrìfindìn apar›l›r.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
mehmanxana
yat›rìmlak
çzìllìédirkorpus
icarì
sazié
as›l› olaraq
nçmrì
mìrtìbì
baéa gìlbalans›ndan â›xartikinti
hotel
to invest
realty
to privatize
= bina
lease
agreement
depending on
room
floors
to cost
to remove from the balance sheets
construction
44..bb.. Mark if the following is true (D = Dêz) or false (S = Sìhv).
----- The agreement is made for one year but may be extended.
----- Two more floors will be added onto the hotel.
----- The construction will be carried out by a British firm.
140
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55..bb.. Wind energy
Abéeronda 3 min kêlìk qur¤usu yerlìédirmìk olar
Abéeron yar›madas›nda sahil zola¤›n›n uzunlu¤u boyunca 180
kvadrat kilometr yararl› sahìdì toplam gêcê 1980 MVt olan 3 min
ìdìd kêlìk qur¤usu yerlìédirmìk mêmkêndêr. Bu barìdì
Energetika vì Energetik Layihìlìédirmì Elmi Tìdqiqat
‹nstitutundan bildiriblìr. 2010-2015-ci illìrdì kêlìk elektrik
stansiyalar›n›n birlìémié gêcê Azìrbaycan›n enerji sisteminin
indiki 5 min MVt-yì bìrabìr olan toplam gêcênên 35 faizini tìékil
edì bilìr. Qeyd edìk ki, Azìrbaycan ìrazisindì kêlìk enerjisi
kadastr› yar›m il çncì tìrtib olunub. Çlkìnin bu sar›dan ìn
perspektivli bçlgìsi olan Abéeronun dìnizkìnar› vì ona yax›n
yerlìrindì kêlìyin sêrìti çyrìnilib. Ìn çtìri bax›éa gçrì, burada
kêlìk qur¤ular› yerlìédirilì bilìcìk dìnizkìnar› zola¤›n uzunlu¤u
120 kilometrdir.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
zolaq
sahì
kêlìk qur¤usu
faiz
bu sar›dan
çtìri
strip
area
wind turbines
percent
in this regard
cursory; superficial
55..bb.. Please answer.
By when can wind energy account for over thirty percent of
Azerbaijan’s energy production?
What is the expected role of the Absheron peninsula?
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141
66..aa.. President traveling abroad
‹LHAM ÌL‹YEV ABÉ-a SÌFÌR EDÌCÌK
Prezident ‹lham Ìliyev sentyabr›n ortalar›nda ABÉ-a sìfìr etmìk
niyyìtindìdir. Sìfìrin mìqsìdi sentyabr›n 14-16-da BMT-nin Baé
Assambleyas›n›n 60-c› sessiyas› âìrâivìsindì Nyu-Yorkda
keâirilìcìk yêksìk sìviyyìli êmumdênya gçrêéêndì iétirak
etmìkdir. Sammitdì ìsas mêzakirì mçvzusu BMT-nin baé katibi
Kofi Annan›n beynìlxalq tìhlêkìsizlik sisteminin dìyiédirilmìsi,
terrorâuluqa mêbarizì, BMT-nin tìhlêkìsizlik éuras›nda islahat›n
apar›lmas› vì insan haqlar› êzrì daimi éuran›n yarad›lmas› ilì ba¤l›
konkret tìdbirlìrin gçrêlmìsi nìzìrdì tutan mìruzìsi olacaq.
Gçrêédì Azìrbaycan prezidentinin dì â›x›é› planlaéd›r›l›r. Sìfìr
âìrâivìsindì ‹. Ìliyevin digìr çlkìlìrdìn olan hìmkarlar›,
beynìlxalq tìékilatlar vì éirkìtlìrin nêmayìndìlìri ilì gçrêélìr,
hìmâinin bir s›ra tìdbirlìrdì iétirak› da gçzlìnilir.
(Ìdalìt, 2 Snetyabr 2005, http://www.adaletaz.com/2005/09/02/read.phpìm=2&id=14299)
tìhlêkìsizlik
éura
islahat
tìdbir
mìruzì
security
council
reform
measure; step
address; report
66..bb.. -- What is the purpose of Aliyev’s trip? Which principal event is he planning to
attend?
Name the two councils mentioned in this piece. What is being discussed with
respect to these two councils?
142
Chapter 7
köRpü
köPrü
Chapter 8
The News: The Arts
11..aa.. Exhibition
Xan›mlar›n ìl iélìri nêmayié etdirilìcìk
Sentyabr›n 14-dì Misir ìrìb Respublikas›n›n çlkìmizdìki
sìfirliyinin mìdìniyyìt mìrkìzindì Nìcib Xan›mlar ‹ncìsìnìt
Birliyi êzvlìrinin ìl iélìrindìn ibarìt sìrgi aâ›lacaq. Sìrgidì
istedadl› xan›mlar›n haz›rlad›qlar› bìzìk nêmunìlìri vì digìr ìl
iélìri nêmayié etdirilìcìk. Tìdbirdì tan›nm›é mìdìniyyìt vì
incìsìnìt xadimlìri, xarici çlkìlìrin Azìrbaycandak› sìfirliklìrinin
nêmayìndìlìri dì iétirak edìcìklìr.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
sìfirlik
êzv
istedadl›
bìzìk
incìsìnìt xadimlìri
nêmayìndì
embassy
member
talented
ornament; decoration
those engaged in the fine arts
representative
11..bb.. Please say what specific event is announced and who will participate in it.
köRpü
köPrü
Chapter 8
143
22..aa.. Two Events
Soltan Soltanl›n›n veb sìhifìsi aâ›lacaq
Karikaturaâ›-rìssam Soltan Soltanl› sentyabr›n 15-dì Azìrbaycan Karikatura
Evindì aâ›lacaq ‹ran rìssamlar›n›n sìrgisi ilì ba¤l› tìékilat› iélìrlì mìé¤uldur.
Onun sçzlìrinì gçrì, 80 ìsìrdìn ibarìt sìrgi êâ gên davam edìcìk. Sìrgidìn sonra
rìssam çz yarad›c›l›q iélìrinì qay›dacaq. O, bir neâì beynìlxalq mêsabiqìyì ìsìr
gçndìrmìk istìyir. Rìssam›n fikrincì, milli karikatura sìnìtini dênyada tan›tmaq
êâên hìmin mêsabiqìlìrdì iétirak etmìk vacibdir. Daha bir xìbìr bundan
ibarìtdir ki, bu yax›nlarda karikaturaâ›-rìssam›n elektron sìhifìsi aâ›lacaq. Sayt›n
"Sìrgilìr", "Kitablar", "Azìrbaycan Karikatura Evi" vì s. bçlmìlìrindì onun
yarad›c›l›¤› barìdì genié mìlumat çz ìksini tapacaq. Saytda 150 karikatura
yerlìédirilìcìk.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
22..bb.. Identify the two events associated with the artist Soltan
Soltanl›. Provide details about the events.
33..aa.. Work by M. F. Axundov
“Hekayìti-x›rs quldurbasan” Kamera Teatr›nda
Bu gênlerdì Bak› Kamera Teatr›nda M. F. Axundovun “Hekayìtix›rs quldurbasan” pyesi yeni quruluéda teatrsevìrlìrì tìqdim olundu.
Tamaéaya qurulué vermié rejissor Cìnnìt Sìlimovan›n bu iéi dì çz
bìnzìrsizliyi ilì seâilir.
Q›saca desìk, tamaéa sìnìt ìsìri kimi âox u¤urlu iédir. Ìn az› hìzz
almaq êâên baxma¤a dìyìr.
(Teymur Maqsudov, Mìdìniyyìt ve ‹ncìsìnìt Universiteti sìnìtéênasl›q fakêltìsinin
tìlìbìsi.)
(Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: 10)
pyes
qurulué
tìqdim oluntamaéa
144
Chapter 8
play
production
to be presented
performance
seâilir
u¤urlu
hazz
sìnìtéênasl›q
excels; stands out
successful
pleasure
arts (as an academic subject)
köRpü
köPrü
33..bb.. Please answer.
-
What was Cìnnìt Sìlimova’s role in the staging of this play?
Does the reviewer think it is worth seeing the play?
In the sentence below, how does the reviewer compare the play with the
play on which it is based?
Q›saca desìk, tamaéa sìnìt ìsìri kimi âox u¤urlu iédir.
44..aa.. Guests from Great Britain
‹ngilis roku Bak›ya gìlir
Oktyabr›n 2-dì Bak› daha bir musiqili qona¤›n› qìbul edìcìk. Bçyêk
Britaniyan›n "Goldrush" rok qrupu hìmin gên Heydìr Ìliyev ad›na
sarayda solo konsertlì â›x›é etmìk niyyìtindìdir. Gìnc olmas›na
baxmayaraq, q›sa zamanda mìéhurlaéan qrup tamaéaâ›lara dinamik
Britaniya roku, canl› ritmlìr vìd edir. Bu konsert Azìrbaycan musiqiâilìri
ilì ingilis musiqiâilìrin birgì layihìsinin davam› olacaq. Xat›rlay›rs›n›zsa,
çtìn il "Neftâi" ansambl› ilì ingilis zìrbâisi Pit Loketin ifas›nda bir-birinì
yad olan iki milli musiqinin sintezi bçyêk u¤urla qaré›lanm›éd›. Bu dìfì
isì "Goldrush"-dan sonra sìhnìyì gìnc azìrbaycanl› reperlìr â›xacaq.
Biletlìrin qiymìti 10000 - 50000 manat aras›ndad›r. "Goldrush" qrupu
2001-ci ildì yaran›b vì haz›rda Bçyêk Britaniyan›n tan›nm›é "Truck
Records" sìsyazma studiyas›n›n nìzdindì fìaliyyìt gçstìrir. Qrup hìr il
êâ mindìn art›q rok musiqisi hìvìskar›n› bir araya toplayan "Truck"
festival›n›n tìékilatâ›s›d›r. Qrupun birinci "Love is Nere" adl› albomu
2001-ci ildì, "Pioneers" 2002-ci ildì vì bçyêk éçhrìt qazanm›é "Same
Picture" adl› êâêncê albomu 2003-cê ildì ié›q êzê gçrêb. Builki albom isì
"Ozona" adlan›r. Qrup bu yax›nlarda Daékìnddì keâirilmié Alternativ
Musiqi Festival›nda u¤urla â›x›é edib.
(http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21)
44..bb.. Use the context to identify the meaning of the highlighted elements.
köRpü
köPrü
Chapter 8
145
55..aa.. Film Festivals
Please read and answer the questions under each item.
Gìncìdì yapon filmlìri hìftìsi
Dekabr›n 14-dìk Gìncì éìhìrindì yapon filmlìri hìftìsi keâirilir.
Yaponiya sìfirliyinin dìstìyi ilì reallaéan tìdbirdì 4 bìdii, 2 sìnìdli
vì 2 cizgi filmi nêmayié etdirilir. Kinofilmlìrdì Yaponiyan›n milli
xêsusiyyìtlìri, gêndìlik hìyat›, tarixi vì adìt-ìnìnìlìri
tamaéaâ›lara âatd›r›l›r. Gìlìcìkdì bu cêr yapon filmi hìftìlìrinin
çlkìmizin digìr rayonlar›nda da keâirilmìsi nìzìrdì tutulur.
55..bb..
-- What types of films will be shown?
-
(Azerbaijan, 2003-12-13)
What is considered for the future?
™
Yeni filmlìr festival›
Azìrbaycanda ‹srail filmlìrinin festival› baélad›. "Azìrbaycan"
kinoteatr›nda festival›n aâ›l›é› oldu.
‹srailin Azìrbaycandak›
fçvqìladì vì sìlahiyyìtli sìfiri Eytan Naye sçylìyir ki, ilk dìfìdir
ki, ‹srail filmlìri Azìrbaycanda bu éìkildì nêmayié etdirilir.
Festivalda yìhudi xalq›n›n mìdìniyyìtini, adìt-ìnìnìsini ìks
etdirìn filmlìr nêmayié olunur. Bêtên filmlìrin nêmayiéi pulsuz
olacaq vì hìr il Azìrbaycanda yìhudi filmlìri festival›
(Azerbaijan, 2004-03-13)
keâirilìcìkdir.
55..cc..
-- What does E. Naye say is unique about this festival?
-
146
How much will be charged for entrance?
What is planned for future years?
Chapter 8
köRpü
köPrü
Azìrbaycanda macar filmlìri hìftìsi
Azìrbaycan Respublikas› Mìdìniyyìt Nazirliyi vì Éìrqi Avropa
filmlìrinin MDB dçvlìtlìri êzrì koordinatoru Mixail Alekseyevin
tìéìbbêsê ilì Bak›da macar filmlìri kino hìftìsi baélan›r. Kino filmlìrin
nêmayiéindì
mìqsìd
iki
çlkì
aras›nda
mìdìni
ìlaqìlìrin
geniélìndirilmìsindìn vì yeni macar filmlìri haqq›nda Azìrbaycan
tamaéaâ›lar›nda dol¤un tìsìvvêr yaratmaqdan ibarìtdir. Aprelin 21-dìn
25-dìk davam edìcìk kino hìftìsindì filmlìr "Araz" kinoteatr›nda
nêmayié olunacaq. Layihì âìrâivìsindì beé film gçstìrilìcìk.
(Azerbaijan, 2005-04-21)
55..dd..
This festival has two goals: The second goal is to give
Azerbaijani viewers a sound impression of Hungarian films. What
is the first goal mentioned?
š
Kazanda mêsìlman kinofestival›nda 18 çlkìnin 70-dìn âox filmi
iétirak edìcìk
Tatar›stan›n paytaxt› Kazan›n 1000 illiyi mênasibìtilì keâirilìcìk
Q›z›l minbìr Beynìlxalq mêsìlman kinosu festival›n›n (BMKF)
mêsabiqì seâiminì 18 çlkì êâ nominasiya bìdii, sìnìdli, âizgi
filmlìri nominasiyalar› êzrì 72-dìn âox film gçndìrmiédir. Bu,
Moskvada keâirilìn mìtbuat konfrans›nda bildirilmiédir.
(Azerbaijan, 2005-07-13)
55..ee..
-- What types of films will be shown in Kazan?
-
What is the significance of the year 1000 for the city of Kazan?
How many countries have sent in films?
What kind of conference took place in Moscow?
‘™š›
köRpü
köPrü
Chapter 8
147
Kino sìnìtâimiz Berlindì sìnìdli filmlìrini tìqdim etmiédir
Avqustun 3-dì Berlindì Azìrbaycan›n sìnìdli filmlìr rejissoru Cahangir
Zeynall›n›n "Ìsrin mêqavilìsi", "Qaâq›nlar" vì "Vìtìnì qay›tmaq istìyirik"
filmlìrinin tìqdimat mìrasimi keâirilmiédir.
Filmlìrlì "Azìrbaycana sìyahìt edìk devizi" alt›nda keâirilìn mìrasim
kino sìnìtâimizin haz›rda Almaniyada ìmìkdaél›q etdiyi "‹nterkontakt"
yarad›c›l›q birliyinin kçmìyi, habelì Roza Lêksemburq Fondunun dìstìyi
ilì tìékil olunmuédur.
Berlin ictimaiyyìtinin nêmayìndìlìri,
universitetlìrin qafqazéênas alim vì tìlìbìlìri, Ermìnistan-Azìrbaycan,
Da¤l›q Qaraba¤ mênaqiéìsi ilì maraqlanan siyasìtâilìr, Almaniya
paytaxt›ndak› mêxtìlif milli icmalar›n nêmayìndìlìri mìrasimdì iétirak
etmiélìr. Filmlìrin nêmayiéindìn çncì azìrbaycanl› kino sìnìtâisini
tamaéaâ›lara tìqdim edìn "‹nterkontakt"›n redaktoru Anne-Marie Lorents
hìmyerlimizin
yarad›c›l›¤›n›
yêksìk
qiymìtlìndirìrìk
xêsusi
vur¤ulam›éd›r ki, Azìrbaycan rejissorunun filmlìrinin burada
gçstìrilmìsi vì onun almaniyal› hìmkarlar› ilì yarad›c›l›q ìlaqìlìri
çlkìlìrimiz vì xalqlar›m›z aras›nda dostluq mênasibìtlìrinin vì
ìmìkdaél›¤›n inkiéaf›n›, mìdìniyyìtlìrin qaynay›b-qar›émas›n› bir daha
sêbut edìn ìlamìtdar hadisìdir.
Filmlìrin tìqdimat›ndan sonra onlar›n ìtraf›nda mêzakirìlìr olmué,
tamaéaâ›lar›n Qaraba¤ mênaqiéìsi, Xocal› faciìsi, suveren respublikam›z
haqq›nda, o cêmlìdìn çlkìmizdìki milli azl›qlar vì dini konfessiyalarla
ba¤l› suallar›na ìtrafl› cavablar verilmiédir.
Avqustun 4-dì C. Zeynall›n›n "‹nterkontinental" studiyas›nda fìaliyyìt
gçstìrìn beynìlmilìl qrupla birgì ìmìkdaél›q âìrâivìsindì yaratd›¤›
"Berlinli qad›n", "Berlin lçvhìlìri" vì "Canl› ekran" sìnìdli filmlìrinin
tìqdimat mìrasimi keâirilmiédir.
Yusif Xìlilov, AzìrTAc-›n xêsusi mêxbiri
Berlin (Azerbaijan, 2004-08-05)
55..ff..
Match each highlighted element above with its English equivalent.
•with the international group
•his German colleagues
•before the films were shown
Caucasus
•emphasized in particular
148
Chapter 8
•after the films were shown
•documentary films
•researchers and students
of
the
•politicians interested in the debate over
Nagorno-Karabagh
köRpü
köPrü
66..aa
FFilms in progress
Identify, for each of the films discussed below, the purpose of the
filming and where the filming is taking place.
In addition, answer the questions that follow each of these news
stories.
™
Qubada film âìkilir
Gçz oxéayan tìbiìti olan Quba hìmiéì istedadl› fotoqraflar›n, gçrkìmli
f›râa ustalar›n›n, rejissorlar›n, operatorlar›n diqqìtini çzênì cìlb edib.
Bu gênlìrdì Azìrbaycan kinosunun yarad›c›lar›ndan ibarìt bçyêk bir
kollektiv yenì dì ba¤lar diyar› Qubaya gìliblìr.
Ssenarisi Natiq Rìsulzadì vì Eldar Quliyev tìrìfindìn yaz›lm›é "Girov"
adl› bìdii filmin rejissoru Akif Rêstìmov Quban›n fêsunkar bir
guéìsindì - axar-baxarl› Amsar kìndindì âìkiliéì baélam›éd›r.
Baé rollar› gìnc aktyorlar Gêlìr Nìbiyeva vì Qurban ‹smay›lov ifa
edirlìr. Hìrbi-vìtìnpìrvìrlik mçvzusuna hìsr olunmué tammetrajl›, bir
seriyal› bìdii filmin âìkiliéi gìlìn il baéa âatacaq.
Filmin yarad›c› kollektivi onlar›n sìmìrìli iélìmìsi êâên hìr cêr éìrait
yaradan Quba Rayon ‹cra Hakimiyyìtinin rìhbìrliyinì vì Amsar
kìndinin sakinlìrinì minnìtdarl›qlar›n› bildirirlìr.
(Azerbaijan, 2004-09-04)
66..bb..
-- Name some of the positive qualities of the region of Quba mentioned here.
Circle all words that you recognize as belonging to the topics of “film” and/or
“cinematography.”
-
Match each highlighted element above with its English equivalent.
•feature
•efficient
•charming
köRpü
•talented
•creative (force)
•full length
köPrü
Chapter 8
149
š
Karvansaralar haqq›nda sìnìdli film âìkilìcìk
Film, êmumilikdì 18 karvansaradan bìhs edìcìk
"Azìrbaycantelefilm" Yarad›c›l›q Birliyindì Azìrbaycan ìrazisindì
yerlìéìn karvansaralar haqq›nda sìnìdli filmin âìkiliélìrinì
baélan›l›b. Bu barìdì APA-ya birliyin direktoru Vêqar Tapd›ql›
mìlumat verib.
O bildirib ki, çtìn hìftì âìkiliélìrinì baélanan sìnìdli filmin
rejissoru Miri Rzayev, ssenari mêìllifi Camal Yusifzadì, operatoru
Adil Abbasovdur: "Bu, olduqca bçyêk layihìdir. Âênki
Azìrbaycan›n hìr yerindì yerlìéìn bu tarixi abidìlìri lentì almaq
az mêddìt tìlìb etmir. Biz, tìkcì Azìrbaycan›n éimal›nda yerlìéìn
11 karvansara haqq›nda deyil, hìm dì cìnubunda yerlìéìn
abidìlìri lentì almaq fikrindìyik. Film, êmumilikdì 18
karvansaradan bìhs edìcìk".
V.Tapd›ql› bildirib ki, "Karvansara" ad› alt›nda haz›rlanacaq
sìnìdli filmin Bak› vì Beébarmaq âìkiliélìri baéa âat›b:
"Karvansaralar Azìrbaycan dçvlìtâiliyinin qìdimliyindìn xìbìr
verir. Bu tarixi abidìlìr, eyni zamanda ‹pìk yolu êzìrindì
yerlìédiklìrinì gçrì qiymìtlidir".
Qeyd edìk ki, filmin âìkiliélìrinin oktyabr ay› êâên
yekunlaémas› nìzìrdì tutulub. Bundan ìlavì, birlik sentyabr›n
sonlar›nda Nìsimi haqda filmi dì tìqdim etmìyi planlaéd›r›r.
Haz›rda êzìrindì montaj iélìri apar›lan film rejissor Tahir Ìliyevin
quruluéunda haz›rlan›b.
(Azadl›q, 1 Sentyabr 2005)
66..cc..
-- What information does this article reveal about the number
and location of caravanserais in Azerbaijan?
Why is the Silk Road mentioned in connection with this
production?
150
Chapter 8
köRpü
köPrü
Leonardo Di Kaprio Ruzvelti oynayacaq
Leonardo Di Kaprio Martin Skorsezenin yeni filmindì Teodor
Ruzveltin obraz›n› yaradacaq.
Ekran iéindì ABÉ-›n 26-c›
prezidentinin siyasi fìaliyyìtindìn bìhs edilìcìk.
Edmund
Morrisin "Teodor Ruzveltin yêksìliéi" siyasi bioqrafiyas› ìsas›nda
âìkilìcìk film "Paramount Pictures" kinokompaniyas›nda ìrsìyì
gìtirilìcìk.
Sçzêgedìn layihìdì Skorseze ìsasìn Ruzveltin gìnclik illìrini
onun Harvard universitetinin mìzunu, Nyu-York polis idarìsinin
rìisi, daha sonra nazir mêavini oldu¤u zamanlar› - diqqìt
mìrkìzinì
âìkmìk
istìyir.
Ruzveltin
Amerika-Ìspan
mêharibìsindì iétirak› sonralar onun Nyu-Yorkun qubernator
seâkilìrindì qalibiyyìtinì imkan yaratm›éd›.
1901-ci
ilin
yanvar›nda Ruzvelt ABÉ-›n vitse-prezidenti, elì hìmin ilin
sentyabr›nda isì Makkinlinin qìtlindìn sonra prezidenti olmuédu.
Skorsezeylì Di Kaprio mafiyaya iélìyìn polislìr vì Boston hêquqmêhafizì orqanlar›nda âal›éan cinayìtkarlardan bìhs edìn "The
Departed" filmini bitirdikdìn sonra Ruzveltin hìyat›n› ìks
etdirìcìk ekran iéinin âìkiliélìrinì start verilìcìk. Mìlumat êâên
deyìk ki, rejissorla aktyor bundan ìvvìl "Nyu-York bandalar›" vì
"Aviator" filmlìrindì ìmìkdaél›q ediblìr.
`(http://www.azadliq.az/2005/09/16/anons.php?m=4)
66..dd..
-- Who is Edmund Morris and why is he mentioned in
connection with this movie?
Name the offices held by Theodore Roosevelt that are listed
here.
What is said about the films on which Di Caprio and
Scorsese have collaborated?
ìrsìyì gìtirsçzêgedìn
layihì
nazir
mêavin
köRpü
to create
aforementioned
project
secretary
deputy
köPrü
Chapter 8
151
152
Chapter 8
köRpü
köPrü
Chapter 9
Short Biographies
11..aa.. This is the biography of one of the early woman poets and educators of
Azerbaijan.
ASYA HANIM AXUNDZADÌ (XIX ìsrin sonu – XX ìsrin ìvvìlleri, Gìncì).
Éairì vì mêìllimì.
1905-ci il inqilab›n›n demokratik ab-havas› çlkìyì yay›landa qìdim
Gìncìdì azìrbaycanl› k›zlar êâên mìktìb aâ›lm›éd›. Burada Asya xan›m
Axundzadì adl› bir qad›n ana dilindìn dìrs deyirdi. Têrkcì, ìrìbcì,
farsca savad› olan bu maarifpìrvìr qad›n›n atas› Mirzì Cabbar, day›s›
Mìhìmmìd Yusif o¤lu dçvrênên aâ›q fikirli, tìhsil gçrmêé ziyal›lar›ndan
idilìr. Onlar Asya xan›ma evdì mêkìmmìl bilik vermié, qìlbindì xalqa,
vìtìnì mìhìbbìt oyatm›éd›lar.
Asya xan›m Axundzadì mêtaliìni sevìn, éerì, sìnìtì rì¤bìti olan bir
qad›n idi.
O, “‹qbal”, “‹réad”, “Fiyuzat”, “Ar›”, “‹é›q”, “Molla
Nìsrìddin”, “Zìnbur”, “Dìbistan”, “Mìtìb”, “Tìrcêman”, “Alimi nisvan”
vì s. qìzet vì mìcmuìlìri mêntìzìm oxuyurdu. Bu iédì mollanìsrìddinâi
Ìli Razi Éìmizad›n ona bçyêk tìsiri olmuédu.
Bu kiâik demokratik mêhêt Asya xan›m›n dênyagçrêéêndì intibah
yaratm›é, onda bìdii yarad›c›l›¤a meyl oyatm›éd›.
Maarifâilik hìrìkat›n›n vì milli mìdìniyyìtin tìrìqqisi u¤runda
mêbarizìnin geniélìndiyi bir vaxtda Asya xan›m›n sìsi tìkcì mìktìb
divarlar› aras›ndan deyil, mìtbuat sìhifìlìrindìn dì eéidilmìyì baélad›.
Yazd›¤› éerlìr, mìqalìlìr êrìklìrdì vìtìndaél›q qeyrìtini art›rd›.
Maarif, elm, tìlim-tìrbiyì éerlìrinin leytmotivini tìékil edirdi. Onun ilk
qad›n jurnal›m›z olan “‹é›q”da dìrc olunmué “Ìdìbiyyat”, “Mìktìb
q›zlar›”, “Vìtìn nalìsi”, “A¤lama”, “Ìfqanlar›m“ vì s. éìrlìri bu cìhìtdìn
maraql›d›r. Hìmin éerlìrdì qad›nlar›n hêquqsuzlu¤u, ac›naql› hayat›
tìsvir olunurdu. Eyni zamanda hìmin éerlìrindì Azìrbaycan qad›nlar›n›,
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q›zlar›n› elmì, mìdìniyyìtì yiyìlìnmìyì âa¤›r›rd›. Qad›n›n tìhsilli, elmli
olmas›n›n vacibliliyini, ìhìmiyyìtini o, “Vìtìn nalìsi” éerindì belì tìsvir
edirdi:
Vìtìn çvlad›n› tadib elìyìn
madir olar,
Analar elmi hênìr kìsb elìsì,
rìhbìr olar,
Vìtìn imdad›na tìéviq elìyìn
nur olar.
Nì vìtìn ya¤›lar› bizlìr êâên
rìhbìr olar,
Kìr vìtìn aéi¤isiz,
sadiq olub qeyrìt edin!
Vìtìnì xidmìt edin!
(….) Asya xan›m Axundzadì çmrênên ax›r›na – 1927-ci ilì qìdìr
maarif sahìsindì âal›ém›é, milli mìdìniyyìtimizdì çzênìmìxsus iz
qoymuédur.
(S. Gìncìli (2001) Qad›n, gçzìllik vì êlviyyìt (Women,
beauty and sanctity), Bak› nìériyyat›: Bak›: 90-91.)
inqilab
qìdim
mêtaliì
rì¤bìt
mìcmuì
mêntìzìm
intibah
bìdii
mìyl
tìrìqqi
tìlim-tìrbiyyì
dìrc olun-
revolution
old
reading
liking
magazine
regularly
renaissance
artistic
inclination; leaning
progress
education
to be published
bu cìhìtdìn
vaciblik
hênìr
kìsb
imdad
tìéviq elìnur
vìtìn ya¤›lar›
sadiq
qeyrìt etçzênìmìxsus
in this regard
necessity
skill
gain
rescue
to promote; to assist
light
enemies of the nation, country
faithful; loyal
make an effort; strive
of her own; special
11..aa.. What factors played an important role in Asya Han›m’s
education?
11..bb.. What does this text reveal about the general state of education of
Azerbaijani women at the beginning of the 20th century?
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22..aa.. Professor Irene Melikof
Strasburq Universitetinin professoru,
‹RENE MEL‹KOF (1917)
Avropan›n ìn mìéhur Azìrbaycanéênas alimi.
Bu nìcabìtli qad›n›n ad›, taleyi, fìaliyyìti son illìrdì bizì mìlum
olmuédur. O, 1987-ci ildì M. F. Axundovun yubileyi éìnliklìrindì
respublikam›za gìlmié, mìclisin baé›nda oturmué, êrìk sçzlìrini
demié, haqq›nda mìtbuatda yaz›lm›éd›.
‹rene xan›m neft sahibkar› ‹skìndìr bìy Melikovun q›z›d›r.
‹skìndìr bìy 1905-ci il inqilab›ndan sonra mìdìnlìrini Nobelì
sat›b Peterburqa kçâmêé, Yevgeniyya adl› bir rus q›z› ilì ailì
qurmuédur.
1917-ci il oktyabr›n 25-dì inqilab gecìsindì bu ailìdì bir q›z uéa¤›
gçzlìrini dênyaya aâd›.
‹nqilab mìéìlindìn qorxuya dêéìn
‹skìndìr bìy ailìsini gçtêrêb xaricì êz tutdu. Bu mêhacirìtin yolu
Helsinfordan baélad›, Avropan›n éìhìrlìrindìn keâdi, Parisdì qìrar
tutdu. Hìmin q›z bçyêdê, frans›z uéaqlar›na qoéulub mìktìbì
getdi, oxudu, çyrìndi, elmì maraq gçstìrdi. Yaéa dolduqca vìtìn
hìsrìti êrìyini gçynìtdi. Vìtìn mìhìbbìti, vìtìnì xidmìt etmìk,
Azìrbaycan› Avropaya tan›tmaq arzusu qìlbini isindirdi,
ruhland›rd›. O, Paris Universitetini bitirdi. Têrkcìni, farscan›,
ìrìbcìni çyrìndi. Sonra Sarbonda tìhsilini davam etdirdi. Elmitìdqiqat iéinì baélad›. Azìrbaycan›n qìdim tarixi, ìdìbiyyat› ona
qolqanad verdi. 1957-ci ildì doktorluq dissertsiyas› yaz›b mêdafiì
etdi. “Daniémìnd dastan›”, “Ìbu Mêslêm Xorasani”, “Umur Paéa
dastan›” adl› kitablar› â›xd›.
1957-ci ildìn 1964-cê ilìcìn Parisdì elmi araéd›rmalar milli
mìrkìzinin éìrqéênasl›q bçlmìsindì âal›éd›. Sonra çzênên dediyi
kimi Strasburq Hêmanitar Elmlìr Universitetindì iélìdi, bu mìéhur
tìhsil oca¤›n›n professoru oldu. Têrk dillìri vì ìdìbiyyatlar›
sahìsindì elmi mìrkìz yaratmaq mìqsìdilì bçyêk sìy gçstìrdi.
Bu, indi, Avropada ìn nêfuzlu têrkoloji mìrkìzlìrdìn olan
Têrkiyat Araéd›rmalar› ‹nstitutudur. Bu elm oca¤›nda ‹rene
xan›m›n tìéìbbêsê ilì 1984-cê ildì “Azìrbaycan mìdìniyyìti vì
sivilizasiyas›n› çyrìdìn mìrkìz” yarad›ld›. Mìrkìzin prezidenti dì
‹rene xan›m seâildi.
‹rene xan›m belìcì Azìrbaycan ruhu ilì yaéay›b yarad›r, Strasburq
Universitetindì dil vì ìdìbiyyatdan dìrs deyir.
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‹rene xan›m dçrdêncê dìfì Azìrbaycana M. Ì. Rìsulzadì ad›na
Bak› Dçvlìt Universitetinin dìvìtilì gìlmié, tarix fakultìsindì bir
silsilì mêhazirìlìr oxumué, alimlìrlì gçrêélìri olmué. Azìrbaycan
Milli Yarad›c›l›q Qurumunun fìxri doktoru seâilmié, bu
mênasibìtlì Azìrbaycan Ziyal›lar ‹ttifaq›nda onun éìrìfinì ziyafìt
dêzìldilmiétir.
(S. Gìncìli (2001) Qad›n, gçzìllik vì êlviyyìt (Women,
beauty and sanctity), Bak› nìériyyat›: Bak›: 162-3.)
nìcabìtli
tale
fìaliyyìt
mìlum olmìtbuat
neft sahibkar›
inqilab
mêhacirìt
qoéulhìsrìt
êrìk
yaéa dolduqca
elmi-tìdqiqat
qolqanad verilìcìn
éìrqéênasl›q
mìqsìd
sìy gçsternêfuzlu
tìéìbbês
mêhazirì
fìxri
ziyal›lar
ziyafìt
noble
destiny
activity
to become known
press
oil industrialist
revolution
migration
to join
longing
heart
as she grew older
scientific research
to inspire
until the year
Near Eastern studies;
Oriental studies
intention; goal
to make an effort, strive
strong
initiative
lecture
honorary
intelligentsia
banquet
22..bb.. List the main points of Irene’s Melikoff’s life.
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33..aa.. Read the following biographical sketch, then answer the questions below.
‹ki ìsri yola salan insane
110 YAÉLI Q‹YAMADINLI KÌND SAK‹N‹ MÌH‹É DÌM‹ROV ÇMRÊNÊN XXI YÊZ‹LL‹YÌ
DÊÉÌN H‹SSÌS‹N‹ ‹NAMLA YAÉAYIR
Mìhié Mìhìmmìd o¤lu Dìmirov 1895-ci ildì anadan olub. Dênyan›n âox
keémìkeélìrini gçrêb. Âar dçvrêndì heyvandarl›q iélìrindì atas›na kçmìk
edib. Sovet hakimiyyìtini gìnc ikìn qaré›lay›b.
Kolxoz quruculu¤unda fìal iétirak edib. Onun 80 yaél› hìyat yoldaé›
Têkìzban nìnì dì o dçvrdì qabaqc›l tax›lâ› kimi tan›n›b, zìrbìâi olub.
Mìhié kiéi 1942-ci ildì ‹kinci Cahan mêharibìsinì gedib. Sovet ordusu
s›ralar›nda alman faéizminì qaré› mêbarizì apar›b.
Cìbhìdì igidliklìr gçstìrib. Ukrayna, Belarusiya cìbhìlìrindì vuruéan
ordular›n tìrkibindì dêémìnì qaré› keâirilìn u¤urlu ìmìliyyatlarda fìal
iétirak edib. M.Dìmirov Varéavan›n azad edilmìsindì, Berlinin al›nmas›nda
xêsusilì fìrqlìnib.
Qìlìbìdìn sonra do¤ma Qiyamad›nl› kìndinì qay›d›b, tìsìrrêfatda
âal›émaqda davam edib. Mìhié baba vì Têkìzban nìnìnin 7 çvlad› olub.
Onlar›n ikisi dênyas›n› dìyiéib. Gçzìl ailì baéâ›s› olan Mìhié kiéi camaat›n
bçyêk hçrmìt vì mìhìbbìtini qazan›b. Onu ehtiramla elin babas›
adland›r›rlar.
(Yìhya Paéazadì , 525-ci qìzet,
1 sentyabr 2005)
keémìkeé
kçmìk
hakimiyyìt
fìal
qabaqc›l tax›lâ›
zìrbìâi
igidlik
cahan
mêharibì
mêbarizì
u¤urlu
struggle; war
help
domination
active
progressive (grain) farmer
(socialist) shock worker
bravery
world
war
fight
successful
ìmìliyyat
azad
xêsusilì
fìrqlìnqìlìbì
qay›ttìsìrrêfat
hçrmìt
mìhìbbìt
ehtiram
operation
free
especially
to distinguish oneself
victory
to return
agriculture
respect
affection; love
respect
33..bb.. Name the historical events that played a prominent role in M. Damirov’s life.
33..cc.. To whom or what do these names refer?
Têkìzban – Qiyamad›n – Mìhié baba
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44..aa.. Read the passage about Oqtay Aliyev, then answer the questions below.
"Zìhmìti sevìn kìs heâ vaxt acl›q âìkmìz"
TÌCRÊBÌL‹ TÌSÌRRÊFAT RÌHBÌR‹ OQTAY ALIYEV ‹ÉGÊZARLI⁄I
GÊZÌRANIN BAÉLICA ÉÌRT‹ HESAB ED‹R
Qiyamad›nl› kìndindì ham› Al›yev qardaélar›n› zìhmìtsevìr, iégêzar
insanlar kimi tan›y›r. Bçyêk qardaé Vaqif Al›yev Sovet dçvrêndì qabaqc›l
pamb›qâ›lar briqadiri, mìntìqì mêdiri, kolxoz sìdri olub. Digìr qardaélar
‹smìt, ‹lham, Vasif bizneslì mìé¤uldurlar. Qardaélardan biri dì Oqtay
Al›yevdir. Oqtay yeganì qardaéd›r ki, kìnddì yaéay›b-iélìyir. O, A¤dam
mexaniklìédirmì texnikumunu bitirib. Uzun illìr kolxozda traktor,
pamb›qâ›l›q briqadiri iélìyib, 3 il sìrbìst icarì ilì mìé¤ul olub. Kolxoz
da¤›ld›qdan sonra 8 hektar pay torpa¤›n› ìkib-becìrmìklì mìé¤uldur. Bu
il hìmin torpaqlar›n 2 hektar›nda tax›l, 2 hektar›nda pamb›q ìkib. 4
hektar yonca sahìsi isì heyvandarl›q êâên nìzìrdì tutulub. Tìdarêk
olunan yoncan›n hesab›na 6 baé qaramal, xeyli qoyun-quzu bìslìnilir. Bu
il O. Al›yev hìr hektardan 35 sentner tax›l gçtêrêb. Pamb›¤›n hìr
hektar›ndan 30-35 sentner mìhsul gçzlìyir. Oqtay ticarìtlì dì mìé¤uldur.
Hìyìtindì aâd›¤› ma¤azada gêndìlik tìlìbat mallar› sat›l›r. Çz
dolan›é›¤›ndan raz›d›r. Onun pay torpa¤›ndan, ticarìtdìn gçtêrdêyê
qazanc ailìsini gen-bol tìmin edir. Bu iégêzar insan belì qìnaìtdìdir ki,
zìhmìti sevìn, ìziyyìtì qatlaéan kìs heâ vaxt acl›q âìkmìz.
(Yìhya Paéazadì , 525-ci qìzet, 1 sentyabr
2005)
gêzìran
kìnd
zìhmìtsevìr
iégêzar
kolxoz sìdri
icarì
becìrtìdarêk olunqaramal
sentner
tìlìbat
dolan›é›q
gen-bol
tìmin etìziyyìt
kìs
44..bb..
44..cc..
life
village
hard-working
industrious
leader of kolkhoz (collective farm)
rental; lease
to cultivate
to be procured
cattle
100 kg
need; necessity
making a living; income
comfortably
to provide
hardship
one, person
How many siblings of the Aliyev family are mentioned?
List all of Oqtay Aliyev’s activities.
*
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*
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Chapter 10
Azerbaijan’s Oil
11..aa.. This reading on the Azerbaijani oil industry features excerpts from an
article that appeared in an academic journal published in Baku. (Ìrestun
Mehdiyev (1997) “Azìrbaycan nefti,” in Altay Dênyas›, 1-2: 95-104.)
The article focuses on the beginnings of the oil industry and addresses the
questions:
-- When and how did Azerbaijan’s oil industry develop? When
did it emerge on the global oil market?
-- Who were the principal agents in the development of the oil
industry?
-- What was the role of native Azerbaijanis in the establishment
of the oil industry?
Azìrbaycan nefti
(I)
XX ìsrin sonunda dçvlìt mêstìqilliyini bìrpa etmié Azìrbaycan
azad bazar iqtisadiyyat›na ìsaslanan demokratik, hêququ dçvlìt
quruculu¤u yoluna qìdìm qoymuédur. Bu yolda mêrìkkìb siyasi
vì sosial-iqtisadi problemlìrlì êzlìéìn Azìrbaycan Respublikas›n›n
hìyat›nda “neft amili” yenidìn çn plana â›xm›éd›r.
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mêstìqillik
bìrpa etazad
iqtisadiyyat
azad bazar iqtisadiyyat›
qìdìm qoymêrìkkìb
êzlìé- (ilì)
amil
independence
to restore
free
economy
free market economy
to make a step towards
complex; complicated
to be faced (with)
factor
11..bb.. Please answer.
During which phase of Azerbaijan’s history did the “oil
factor” reemerge as an important issue?
22..aa.. Read through paragraphs (II) and (XI) below, then answer
the questions following each paragraph.
(II)
Mêas›r Azìrbaycan cìmiyyìtinin iqtisadi, siyasi, sosial vì mìdìnimì’nìvi sahìlìrindì çzênìmìxsus âalarlar› ilì tìzahêr edìn “neft
amili” nêfuzedici tì’sir gêcênì malik apar›c› qêvvì kimi dìrin
tarixi kçklìrì sçykìnir. Bu mìqalìdì mìhz hìmin mìsìlìlìrdìn,
daha do¤rusu, Azìrbaycanda neft eras›n›n baélanmas›ndan bìhs
olunacaq.
sahì
âalar
tìzahêr
nêfuzedici
tì’sir gêcê
malik olapar›c› qêvvì
sçykìnmìqalì
mìhz
area
shade, tinge
appearance
powerful
influence
to have, own, possess
main force
to rest; to lean
article
just; exactly; specifically
(II)-- Which points does the author list in his summary of the
main topics of this article?
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(III)
Azìrbaycan›n neft sìnayìsi hìlì XIX ìsrin 70-ci illìrindìn tìéìkkêl
etmìyì baélam›é, yeni texnologiya ìsas›nda yêksìlié dçvrênì
qìdìm qoymuédur. Mìhz hìmin vaxtdan Azìrbaycan nefti tìdriclì
qlobal siyasi maraqlar dairìsinì daxil olmué vì sonrak› dçvrdì
bçlgìdì cìrìyan edìn proseslìrin tìnzimlìnmìsindì xêsusi
ìhìmiyyìtì malik olan ìsas amillìrdìn birinì âevrilmiédir.
tìéìkkêl etìsas›nda
dçvr
tìdriclì
maraqlar
cìrìyan ettìnzim
xêsusi
ìhìmiyyìt
ìsas
to come into being, be created
based on
era; period
gradually
interests
to take place
organization
special
importance
main; principal
(III)- When was Azerbaijan’s oil industry drawn into the domain
of global political interests?
(IV)
Azìrbaycanda neft qìdim zamanlardan â›xar›lsa da, yaln›z 1872-ci
ildì iltizam sisteminin3 lì¤vi ilì kapital qoyuluéunun gêclìnmìsinì
genié imkanlar aâ›lm›é vì neft sìnayìsi sêr’ìtlì inkiéaf etmìyì
baélam›éd›r. 1872-ci ilin dekabr ay›nda keâirilìn neft sahìlìrinin ilk
hìrrac› bu sahìdì gêclê rìqabìt oldu¤unu gçstìrdi. Qiymìtlìrin
kìskin éìkildì qalxmas› nìticìsindì âar xìzinìsi hìrracdan
mêìyyìn edilmié 552.221 rubl ìvìzinì 2.980.307 rubl ìldì etdi.
iltizam
lì¤v
inkiéaf etneft sahìlìri
âar
xìzinì
rìqabìt
hìrrac
mêìyyìn etìvìzinì
(land) contract
abolishment
to develop, grow
oil fields
czar
treasury
competition
auction
to allocate
in return for
3
Azìrbaycan›n neft yataqlar› Rusiya ié¤al›n›n illìrindìn baélayaraq, daha do¤rusu hìlì ié¤al baéa
âatmam›é (1807-ci ildìn !) âar hçkêmìti tìrìfindìn mêxtìlif éìxslìrì 4 il mêddìtinì mêqavilì (iltizam)
ìsas›nda icarìyì verilirdi.(….)
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(IV)- What was the result of the influx of private capital, a process
that began in 1872?
What was sold by means of auctions?
(V)
‹lk hìrracda Azìrbaycan da daxil olmaqla Rusiya imperiyas›n›n
Cìnubi Qafqaz, hìmâinin bir s›ra mìrkìzi quberniyalar›n›n
nêmayìndìlìri iétirak etdilìr. Eyni hêquqlara malik olmalar›na
baxmayaraq, xarici kapitalistlìr o zaman perspektivi haqq›nda hìlì
heâ bir tì’minat olmayan Azìrbaycan›n neft sìnayìsinì kapital
qoyma¤a cìsarìt etmirdilìr.
hìmâinin
quberniya
nêmayìndì
iétirak ethêquq
baxmayaraq
tì’minat
cìsarìt et-
also, as well
province
representative
to participate
right
despite
guarantee
to dare, have courage
(V)- Who did not dare investing in the Azerbaijani oil industry
during the time of the first auctioning off of oil fields?
(VI)
Azìrbaycanda milli burjuaziyan›n formalaémas›na yol vermìk
istìmìyìn vì Bak›n›n neft yataqlar›n›
tamamilì çz inhisar›na keâirmìyì âal›éan
rus kapital› yerli – azìrbaycanl› sahibkarlar›
mêxtìlif yollarla s›x›éd›r›r, neft sìnayesinì
yax›n buraxmama¤a âal›é›rd›. Rus kapital›
bu mìsìlìdì ermìni sahibkarlar› ilì ittifaqda
hìrìkìt edirdi. Mìhz bunun nìticìsidir ki,
1872-ci ildì hìrrac yolu ilì icarìyì verilìn ilk
neftli torpaqlar ìsasìn rus vì ermìni
kapitalistlìrinin ìlindì cìmlìndi. Neft e’mal› zavodunun sahiblìri
V. A. Kokorev, P. ‹. Qubonin vì keâmié iltizamâ› ‹. M. Mirzoyev
daha âox torpaq sahìsi ìlì keâirdilìr. ‹lk hìrrac›n yekunlar›na gçrì
azìrbaycanl› sahibkarlardan yaln›z iki nìfìr – H. Z. Ta¤›yev vì A.
Sìlimxanov icarìdarlar s›ras›na daxil oldular. Onlar ayr›l›qda
hìrìsi ancaq bir neftli torpaq sahìsi icarìyì gçtêrì bilmiédilìr.
Bununla yanaé›, H. Z. Ta¤›yevin dì tì’sisâilìrindìn biri oldu¤u
“Éìriklìr” firmas› daha iki torpaq sahìsi ìlde etmiédi. (….)
162
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köRpü
köPrü
inhisar
sahibkar
mêxtìlif
s›x›éd›rittifaq
mìhz
icarìyì verilcìmlìne’mal
zavod
keâmié iltizamâ›
yekun
icarìdar
ayr›l›qda hìrìsi
tì’sisâi
monopoly
owner; entrepreneur
different
to keep out, drive out
alliance
just; exactly
to be leased
to gather, accumulate
processing
factory
past recipient of a contract
end; completion
leaseholder
each one individually
founder
(VI)- What is given as a motivation for the Russian investments or
investors to exclude the local Azerbaijani owners and
entrepreneurs?
List all parties that were involved in procuring land for oil
extraction.
(VII)
XIX ìsrin 70-ci illìrindì neft sìnayìsinin inkiéaf› Rusiya
sahibkarlar›n›n, o cêmlìdìn
azìrbaycanl›lar›n fìaliyyìtinì
ìsaslan›rd›. 1875-ci ildì neft hasilat› ilì mìé¤ul olan 26 éirkìt
s›ras›nda xarici sahibkarlara mìxsus mêìssisì yox idi. Hìmin ildì
Bak›da kiâik torpaq sahìsi vì zavod alan ‹sveâ mìnéìli Nobel
qardaélar› 1879-cu
ildì “Nobel qardaélar›” birliyi sìhmdar
cìmiyyìti yaradaraq, sonrak› dçvrdì neft sìnayesindì apar›c›
mçvqì tutdular. 1879-cu ildì Bak›da nìft hasilat› (s. 98--) sahìsindì
fìaliyyìt gçstìrìn 39 éirkìt aras›nda Nobel qardaélar›na vì
Avstriyal› E. Doâara mìxsus mêìssisìlìr dì var idi.
o cêmlìdìn
mìxsus
mêìssisì
mìnéì
sìhmdar
apar›c› mçvqì
including
belonging to
establishment
origin
joint-stock company
leading position
(VII)- What did the Nobel brothers purchase in 1875?
What was founded, in 1879, under the name of “Nobel
Brothers?”
köRpü
köPrü
Chapter 10
163
(VIII)
Belìliklì, Azìrbaycan neft sìnayìsinin genié perspektivlìrì malik
oldu¤unu dìrk edìn xarici kapital nêmayìndìlìri tìdriclì çz
diqqìtlìrini bu sahìyì yçnìldirlìr. Âoxsay›l› x›rda sahibkarlar
s›ras›na daxil olan E. Doâardan fìrqli olaraq (o, A. Sìlimxanovun
neftli torpaq sahìsini icarìyì gotêrmêédê), Nobel qardaélar›
coéqun fìaliyyìtlìri vì texniki yeniliklìrin tìtbiqi sayìsindì neft
sìnayesinin inkiéaf›nda mêhêm rol oynad›lar.
coéqun fìaliyyìt
tìtbiq
tireless activity
application
(VIII)- What characteristics made the Nobel brothers stand out in
the Azerbaijani oil industry?
(IX)
Qìrbi Avropa kapital›n›n tìdriclì Azìrbaycan neft sìnayìsinì
nêfuz etmìsinì baxmayaraq, XIX ìsrin 70-ci illìrindì vì 80-ci
illìrindì ìvvìlìrindì Rusiya sahibkarlar› ìsas mçvqìlìri çz
ìllìrindì saxlay›rd›lar. 1880-ci ildì illik hasilat gêcê 1 mln. puddan
âox olan 11 éirkìtin ham›s› yaln›z Rusiya vì yerli kapital
nêmayìndìlìrini tìmsil edirdi. Onlar›n s›ras›nda “Bak› neft
cìmiyyìti (V. Kokorev vì P. Qubonin), “Éìriklìr” birliyi, “H. Z.
Ta¤›yev vì Sarkisov qardaélar›” ticarìt evi vì s. éirkìtlìr var idi.
Gçsterilìn faktlar Rusiya éirkìtlìrinin neft hasilat› sahìsindì ìsasl›
éìkildì mçhkìmlìndiyini tìsdiq edir. 1884-cê ildì bu sahìdì
fìaliyyìt gçstìrìn 19 iri neft éirkìtinin 18-i mìhz onlar›n tìmsilâisi
idi. Ìn iri éirkìtlìr s›ras›nda mçhkìm yer tumué digìr mêìssisì isì
getdikcì êstênlêyê ìlì alan “Nobel qardaélar›” birliyi idi. 1884-cê
ildì Azìrbaycanda hasil edilmié 89,2 mln. pud neftin 74,6 mln.
pudu, yì’ni 83,6%-i Rusiya (o cêmlìdìn qismìn azìrbaycanl› neft
sahibkarlar›n›n) éirkìtlìrinin pay›na dêéêrdê. (….)
(IX)- What was the role of Russian companies in the oil industry
during the 1870s and early 1880s?
How much oil was extracted in Azerbaijan in 1884?
164
Chapter 10
köRpü
köPrü
(X)
Gçrêndêyê kimi, XIX ìsrin 70-ci illìrindì vì 80-ci illìrinin I
yar›s›nda Azìrbaycan neft sìnayìsinin tìéìkkêlê prosesindì
Rusiya sahibkarlar›, ìsasìn
rus vì ermìni (azìrbaycanl›
sahibkarlar›n mçvqeyi âox zìif idi) kapital›n›n nêmayìndìlìri
hìlledici rol oynam›élar. Ìsas neft yataqlar›n› ìlì keâirìrìk, onlar
neft hasilat› (83,6%) vì e’mal› sahìlìrindì (65,5%) mçhkìmlìndilìr.
Lakin torpaqlar›n icarìyì gçtêrêlmìsinì vì istehsal›n tìékilinì
bçyêk kapital sìrf etmié sahibkarlar sat›é bazarlar›na â›xmaq êâên
nìqletmì sistemini yarada bilmìdilìr. Vìziyyìtin belì xarakter
almas›na tì’sir gçstìrìn ìsas amillìrdìn biri ondan ibarìt idi ki, XIX
ìsrin II yar›s›nda êmumi iqtisadi dìyiéikliklìr yolu tutmué âar
hçkêmìti neft sìnayesindì konkret fìaliyyìt proqram›
haz›rlamadan kçhnì iltizam sistemini lì¤v etmiédi.
Neftli
torpaqlar›n hìrrac yolu ilì icarìyì verilmesi vì inkiéaf›n ilk
mìrhìlìsindì neft sìnayìsinì maliyyì yard›m› gçstìrmìyì xidmìt
edìn nizamlanm›é bank sisteminin olmamas› Rusiya vì yerli neft
sìnayìâilìrini âìtin maliyyì problemlìri ilì êzlìédirir, yeni sìnaye
sahìsinin çzêlênê zìiflìdirdi.
Bununla yanaé›, onlar›n yeni
fìaliyyìt sahìsindì kifayet qìdìr tìcrêbìyì vì iégêzarl›q
keyfiyyìtlìrinì malik olmamalar› da iélìrin gediéinì çz mìnfi
tì’sirini gçstìrdi. Bêtên bu amillìr xarici kapital› ax›n› êâên
ìlveriéli éìrait yarad›rd›. Mìhz yêksìk iégêzarl›q keyfiyyìtlìrinì
vì kifayìt qìdìr maliyyì vìsaitinì malik olan, hìm dì Avropa vì
Rusiya kapital›n›n ìlbir fìaliyyìt gçstìrdiyi “Nobel qardaélar›”
éirkìti 80-ci illìrin ortalar›nda neft sìnayìsindì apar›c› mçvqe
tutma¤a nail oldu.
(X)- This passage lists a number of reasons for why the
conditions became ripe for foreign capital to flow into the
Azerbaijani oil industry, as expressed in the sentence “Bêtên bu
amillìr xarici kapital› ax›n› êâên ìlveriéli éìrait yarad›rd›.” The
factors that led to this development are underlined and
highlighted. Please explain these factors.
iégêzarl›q
keyfiyyìt
köRpü
efficiency
quality; characteristic
köPrü
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165
(XI)
1886-ci ildì isì Paris bankiri Rotéildin Abéeron neft yataqlar›na
kapital qoymas› ilì Azìrbaycan nefti u¤runda mêbarizìnin yeni
mìrhìlìsi baéland›.
Belìliklì, XIX ìsrin 70-80-ci illìrindì âarizmin milli-mêstìmlìkì
siyasìti nìticìsindì Bak› nefti rus-ermìni vì Avropa kapital›n›n
inhisar› alt›na dêédê. Azìrbaycan xalq› çzênên ìn mêhêm milli
sìrvìtindìn mìhrum oldu.
mêbarizì
mêstìmlìkì
inhisar
mìhrum
struggle
colonial
monopoly
deprived
(XI)- What happened during the 1870’s and 1880’s?
What did the history of the oil industry mean to the
Azerbaijani people and their economy?
166
Chapter 10
köRpü
köPrü
Bibliography
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Bakanl›¤›.
Azerbaijan International. An independent publication committed to the discussion of
issues related to Azerbaijanis around the world published Sherman Oaks, California.
Azìrbaycanca-‹ngiliscì Lê¤ìt (1994) Bak›: Azìrbaycan Dçvlìt Dillìr ‹nstitutu.
Brands, Horst Wilfrid (1977) Aserbaidschanische Chresthomathie: Texte des 20.
Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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English-Azerbaijani/Azerbaijani-English (1990) New York: Hippocrene Books.
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Fortgeschrittene, Ismaning: Hueber.
Gçksel, Asl› & Celia Kerslake (2005) Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar, London &
New York: Routledge.
Johanson, Lars & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds.) (1998) The Turkic Languages, London & New
York: Routledge.
Çztopâu , Kurtulué (2000) Elementary Azerbaijani, Têrk Dilleri Araét›rmalar› Dizisi, 33,
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Çztopâu , Kurtulué (1993) “A Comparison of Modern Azeri with Modern Turkish,”
Azerbaijan International, Septemer 1993, pp. 18-19 and 38.
Rahmati, Nemat (2000) Aserbaidschanische Chresthomathie: Oxu, Texte aus Nord-und
Sêdaserbaidschan unter Berêcksichtigung der Besonderheiten des Nord- und
Sêdaserbaidschanischen, Auf dem Ruffel: Engelschoff.
Rahmati, Nemat & Korkut Bu¤day (1998) Aserbaidschanisch: Lehrbuch unter
Berêcksichtigung des Nord- und Sêdaserbaidschanischen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Sepehri, Abazar (1994) An Azerbaijani Reader in the New Alphabet, Austin, Texas.
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SOURCES FOR TEXTS
Sources are listed in the order in which the materials (texts, pictures) appear in the
reader. The location of materials in the text is specifically identified by the chapter and
the exercise(s) where the materials have been used.
CHAPTER 1:
Qobustan (2003) Azìrbaycan Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin Nìéri, 1 (121), Bak›.
-----headlines, s. 96 & 76 (Ch. 1: 1.a.); editorial information, s. 1 (Ch. 1: 4.d.).
-----headlines, (Ch. 1: 1.a.);
(Yeni Zaman, 20-21 may 2003, s. 1)
(Zaman, 20-21 may 2003, s. 2)
(Ìdìbiyyat Qìzeti, 16 may 2003, s. 1)
(Azerb intl/ spring 2001 s. 6)
(Azerb intl/ spring 2001 s. 3)
(Ar› Satirik qìzet 20 may 2003, s. 8)
(Ìdìbiyyat Qìzeti, 16 may 2003, s. 1)
(Ìdìbiyyat Qìzeti, 16 may 2003, s. 1)
(Yeni Zaman, 20-21 may 2003, s. 1)
(Azìrbaycanca-‹ngiliscì Lu¤ìt, 1998, Azìrbaycan Dçvlìt Dillìr ‹nstitutu, Bak›., s.
iii)
Editorial page information, Ulduz, Ìdìbiyyat vì Gçzìl Sìnìtlìr Jurnal› 2003 (4) say 389
s. 1.
---- Ch. 1: 4.a.
Editorial page information, : Zaman, 20-21 may 2003, s. 2.
---- Ch. 1: 4.
Image (newspapers00.jpg), from http://www.azernews.net/cat.php?h=2.
CHAPTER 2:
Sìrraf Nìzìr, “Ìlifba bayram› ham›n› sevindirdi,” Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: s. 10.
-----(Ch. 2: 1.a.)
Aqéin Kamalo¤lu, “Qaliblìrì diplomlar tìqdim edilib,” Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: s. 10.
-----(Ch. 2: a. & d.)
Xatirì Sìlimova, “Musiqi mìktìbi hesabat verdi,” Zaman, 20-21 May 2003: s. 10.
-----(Ch. 2: 5.a.)
“Kraldan daha âox kral olan,” Qobustan (2003) 1 (121): 27.
----(Ch. 2: 3.a.).
“2002-ci ilin éans›z ulduzlar›: Pop musiqinin Prensesi êâên a¤›r il ,” Qobustan (2003) 1
(121): 27.
----(Ch. 2: 4.a.).
“‹ki uéaq anas› "Missis Amerika-2005" oldu ,” ekspress.com.az, 22 Sentyabr 2005,
http://www.express.com.az/second.aspìid=54198.
-----(Ch. 2: 5.a.)
168
Bibliography
köRpü
köPrü
CHAPTER 3:
Yaqub Mahmudlu & R. Xìlilov & S. A¤ayev (1998) Ata Yurdu: 5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik,
«Tìhsil Nìériyyat›»: Bak›.
-----s. 3f. (Ch. 3: 1.a.-2.c.); s. 392-6 (Ch. 3: 3.a.).
(S. Qìndilov & ‹saq Mìmìdov (2001) Azìrbaycan Tarixi: Umumtìhsil mìktìblìrinin 11ci sinifi êâên DÌRSL‹K, ‹kinci nìéri, Âaé›o¤lu: Bak›.
----s. 345f. (Ch. 3: 4.a.);
Nigar Vaqifq›z›, "Mìktìb zaman› gìldi, dur, yaraé›ql› o¤lum,"Azadl›q, 16 Sentyabr 2005,
http://www.azadliq.az/2005/09/16/anons.php?m=1.
CHAPTER 4:
Image (AI-mollacolor.jpg), Azerbaijan International (4.3), Autumn 1996, p. 18.
----(Ch. 5: 6.c.-7.a.)
“Molla Nìsrìddin: Ìsrlìrin Gêlêé Dêhas›, Azerbaijan Intrernational (4.3), Autumn
1996, pp. 20f.
----(Ch. 4: 1.a.; 1.d; 2a.; 2.c.; 3.a.)
http://molla-nesreddin.iatp.az/molla-nesreddin/azerb/elm.htm
----(Ch. 4: 1.a.; 1.d.; 1.f.; )
http://molla-nesreddin.iatp.az/molla-nesreddin/azerb/evde.htm
----(Ch. 4: 2.g.)
Nìriman Ìbxêlrìhmanl›, “A¤-qara dênyan›n sultan›” (2003) Qobustan, Azìrbaycan
Yaz›â›lar Birliyinin Nìéri, 1 (121), Bak›, s. 17.
----(Ch. 4: 1.c.);
CHAPTER 5:
Yaqub Mahmudlu & R. Xìlilov & S. A¤ayev (1998) Ata Yurdu: 5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik,
«Tìhsil Nìériyyat›»: Bak›.
----s. 223-227. (Ch. 5: 1.a.; 2a.; 3.a.; 4a.; 5.a.; 6a.; 7.a.)
“Language Transitions: Why I don’t know Azeri”, Azerbaijan International (10.4),
Winter 2002, p. 22.
----(Ch. 5: 1.b.-2.a.)
Heydar Aliyev, Azerbaijan's President, in a televised forum on "Youth" in Baku on
February 2, 1996, from Azerbaijan International (4.4) Winter 1996, p. 25.
-----(Ch. 5: 8.a.)
Kamal Abdullayev, in an interview with Azerbaijan International, late 1999, from Azerbaijan
International (8.1), Spring 2000, p 25.
-----(Ch. 5: 9.a.)
köRpü
köPrü
Bibliography
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Yaqub Mahmudlu & R. Xìlilov & S. A¤ayev (1998) Ata Yurdu: 5-ci sinif êâên dìrslik,
«Tìhsil Nìériyyat›»: Bak›.
----s. 217f (Ch. 5: 7.d.-8.a.)
----s. 223-228 (Ch. 5: 10.a.)
“Language Transitions: Why I don’t know Azeri”), Azerbaijan International (10.4),
Winter 2002, p. 22.
----(Ch. 5: 6.c.-7.a.)
Text: http://www.525.az/new/2008/02/01/
----(Ch. 5: 11.)
CHAPTER 6:
Image, www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/azerbaij.pdf
Text: http://www.azerbaycan.ru/azerb/cografiya/index.php
CHAPTER 7:
http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21
----(Ch. 7: 1.-5.)
Ìdalìt, 2 Senstyabr 2005, http://www.adalet-
az.com/2005/09/02/read.phpìm=2&id=14299
----(Ch. 7: 6.a.)
CHAPTER 8:
http://bizimasr.media-az.com/arxiv_2004/36/xeberxet.html#21
----(Ch. 8: 1.a.; 2.a.; 4.a.)
Maqsudov, Teymur, Zaman, 20-21 may 2003, s. 2.
----(Ch. 8: 3.a.)
Azìrbaycan, Rìsmi dçvlìt qìzeti, retrieved from: http://azerbaijan.news.az/cgibin/azerbaijan.cgiìaxtarish=film&bir=Bashliq&iki=Arxiv&axtar=axtar
----2003-12-13: (Ch. 8: 5.b.)
----2004-03-13: (Ch. 8: 5.c.)
----2005-04-21: (Ch. 8: 5.d.)
----2005-07-13: (Ch. 8: 5.e.)
----2004-08-05: (Ch. 8: 5.f.)
----2004-02-19: (Ch. 8: 6.b.)
----: (Ch. 8: 6.d.)
Azadl›q, Gêndìlik Qìzet, 1 Sentyabr 2005, retrieved from:
http://www.azadliq.az/2005/09/01/anons.php?m=4.
(Ch. 8: 6.c.)
Azìrbaycan, Rìsmi dçvlìt qìzeti, 2003-12-13, retrieved from: http://azerbaijan.news.az/cgibin/azerbaijan.cgiìaxtarish=film&bir=Bashliq&iki=Arxiv&axtar=axtar
----(Ch. 8: 8.a.)
170
Bibliography
köRpü
köPrü
CHAPTER 9:
Sabir Gìncìli (2001) Qad›n, gçzìllik vì êlviyyìt (Women,
beauty and sanctity), Bak› nìériyyat›: Bak›.
----s. 90-91: (Ch. 9: 1.a.)
----s. 162-163: (Ch. 9: 2.a.)
Paéazadì , Yìhya, 525-ci qìzet, 1 sentyabr 2005, retrieved from:
http://www.525ci.com/2005/09/01/get.php?d=po&m=428.
----(Ch. 9: 3.a.; 3.b.)
CHAPTER 10:
Mehdiyev, Ìrestun (1997) “Azìrbaycan nefti,” in Altay Dênyas›, 1-2: 95-104.
Image (power_statin_new.jpg) from http://www.azernews.net/cat.php?h=4.
---Chapter 10: 1.a.
Image (caspian_sea_New.jpg) from http://www.azernews.net/cat.php?h=8.
---Chapter 10: 1.a. VI
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Bibliography
171
172
Bibliography
köRpü
köPrü
Answer Key
CHAPTER
1
1.a.
Publication/Editorial
Information
2
Azerbaijan or
regional/neighboring
countries
World
8; 16
4; 6; 9; 13; 14; 15
Arts/Culture/
Entertainment
Sports
Health
3; 5; 7; 15
10
1; 11; 12
2.a.
3.
7.
5.
6.
1.
4.
2.c.
ìllìr
Xan dêébìrìsi
Unudulmué reseptin unudulmaz dad›
Nué olsun
Evlìrì xidmìt
Emal tarixi: 29 JAN 2001
‹stifadì tarixi: Emal tarixdìn etibarìn
20 gên
baélar – gêllìr– jurnallar – tarixlìr – q›élar - evlìr – xidmìtlìr – dêébìrìlìr – kinolar -
4.a.
8
3
5
4
1
2
6
9
köRpü
Ìdìbiyyat vì gçzel sìnìtlìr jurnal›
Say›
Yaé›
Korrektor
Baé redaktor
Bìdii redaktor
Redaksiya heyìti
Tìsisâilìr
köPrü
Answer Key
173
4.c.
-
Where is this paper published and by whom? - In Baku, by the Zaman Import –Export
firm
What is the word for “address?” - ênvan
Mêavin and nçvbìtâi both mean “assistant,” “deputy.”
Who, then, is “the editor” of Zaman? - Êrfan Mìmmìdli
What types of ‘directors’ are listed? – Baé direktor (General director); Komersiya
direktoru (Director of marketing); Matbaa mêdiri (Director of printing); Reklam mêdiri
(Director of advertising)
4.e.
-
What is the name of this publication? - Qobustan
In which year did the journal appear? - 1969
How much does it cost? – 5000 manat
Which organization is publishing this journal? – The Azerbaijani Writers Union
Name the functions of Maarif Soltan and Ayxan Rìsulov. - M. Soltan: editor-in-chief; A.
Rìsulov: art editor
Which of these words mean floor, print, and street, respectively?
Kêâì (street) – mìrtìbì (floor) – ênvan – âap (print)
-
CHAPTER
2.b.
-
2
Those students from the Turkish high schools of Nakhchivan who won in the
Azerbaijan science olympics
“event”
the Nakhchivan minister of education, the general coordinator of the Turkish
high schools of Nakhchivan, Turkish businessmen, the schools’ principals,
parents and students
-
3.a.
1. do¤um gênê
2. dênyada
3. insan›
4. imzas›n›
5. bizim çlkìdì
6. dênyan›n
3.b.
D; D; Y
4.b.
She was doing advertising for Pepsi.
B. Spears drank Coca Cola at the Pepsi company.
5.b.
8
4
5
7
174
performances
the quality of
gave a speech and
to improve
Answer Key
köRpü
köPrü
1
2
6
3
5.c.
----
the event
took place
at the beginning of May
in the academic year
Please answer.
to improve the quality of instruction among the schools of music at Éìqi and to
develop the students’ aesthetic tastes
he was the country’s president, who celebrated his 80th birthday in 2002
those 10 students from the U. M. school of music that took part in the
competition and received various nominations
nearly 3 hours
7.c.
(I) – c; (II) - d ; (III) - b; (IV) – a
7.e.
-
that is unequaled, unique
call
announces
kindergarten
a school fee is charged
3
1.c.
You are now a fifth grader.
You are your country’s fortunate child.
CHAPTER
1.d.
éagirdsìn - tìlìbìsìn - koordinatorsan - prezidentsìn - sat›c›san evdìsìn – yaxé›san - diplomatsan - diplomat deyilsìn - dostumsan amerikal›san - mêìllimsìn - buradasan - bêlbêl kimisìn - yor¤unsan
- yaz›â›san - gçzìl deyilsìn - direktorsan - Bak›dasan universitetdìsìn - xoébìxtsìn - azìrbaycanl›san - amerikal›san - têrksìn
- russan
1.f.
/ qazan›rsan / baélay›rsan / gçndìrirsìn / durursan / bilirsìn /
sevinirsìn / gêlêrsìn / gçstìrirsìn / yaz›rsan / gçtêrêrsìn / al›é›rsan /
doldurursan / âa¤›r›rsan / tìkrar edirsìn / ba¤lay›rsan / tutursan /
dêéênêrsìn / â›x›rsan /
2.b.
It explains the contents and structure of the textbook.
Those materials are intended for students who show a greater
interest in the country’s history.
köRpü
köPrü
Answer Key
175
5.b.
The article appeared at the beginning of the new school year. It is said that the
summer vacation is finally ending.
The school children are carrying school bags and bouquets.
5.c.
(b); (a).
6. b.
/ o yazar / o yazmaz / biz gêlìrik / biz gêlmìrik
/ o qazanar / o qazanmaz / biz qazanar›q / biz qazanmar›q /
/ biz gçtêrmìrik / biz gçtêrìrik / o gçstìrìr / o gçstìrmìz /
/ o baélayar / / biz baélamar›q / biz baélayar›q- / o baélamaz
CHAPTER
1.g.
-
4
His heart feels heavy.
A poem that he has not yet read to anyone.
Yes.
He thinks it is long and lacking meaning, nonsensical.
2.b. They are timeless because they focus on common human problems and foibles like
social justice and narrowmindedness.
2.d.
(1) a man could have several wives
(2) when the boat begins to sink
2.e.
Bir kiéi qay›qda ola bilìrdi.
Arvad› êzì bilir.
2.h.
Y; Y; D; Y.
3.b.
5
8
2
4
1
6
cavan
sa¤lam
qoca
piyada
yaz›q
axmaq
3.c.
In the middle of the day they go on foot, they don’t ride the donkey that
is skipping and hopping.
(Affirmative: minirler)
176
Answer Key
köRpü
köPrü
CHAPTER
5
1.b.
6.
8.
1.
3.
7.
4.
il›q
sìliqì ilì
ziyal›
tìlìsmìk
ayaq saxlamaq
kêâì
2.b.
1. baxd›
2. dolaé›rd›
3. qalm›éd›
4. ald›
5. tìsvir edilmiédi
6. dayanm›éd›
5.b.
4.
7.
6.
5.
2.
nçqsan
tìnqid etmìk
silkìlìmìk
oyanmaq
gêzgê
6.b.
The aspirations of
Turkic-Muslim peoples
Molla Nasraddin’s
reach beyond
Azerbaijan
IX, VII
IX
The education of
women
X
Azerbaijan’s struggle
for freedom
VIII, VII
10.b.
How do you understand the expression “Molla Nasraddin” made people
think by making them laugh (“caused thinking through laughing”)
10.c.
Are the names Sìttarxan, Ba¤›rxan familiar to you?
köRpü
köPrü
Answer Key
177
10.d.
/cavand›rm› / ziyal›d›rm› / mêìllimdirmi / redaktordurmu /
yaz›â›d›rm› / amerikal›d›rm› / êmidlidirmi / Bak›dad›rm› /
Azìrbaycandad›rm› / kêâìdìdirmi / ortayaél›d›rm› / doludurmu /
10.e.
3.
8.
6.
6.
4.
6.
9.
hans›
nì
nì êâên
nìdìn
necì
niyì
neâì
*********************************************************************************************
178
Answer Key
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
1
Present progressive
verirìm ‘I am giving’ [Tr. veriyorum]
yaéam›r›q ‘we are not living’ [Tr. yaéam›yoruz]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verirìm
verirsìn
verir
veririk
verirsiniz
verirlìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermirìm
vermirsìn
vermir
vermirik
vermirsiniz
vermirlìr
yaéay›ram
yaéay›rsan
yaéay›r
yaéay›r›q
yaéay›rs›n›z
yaéay›rlar
yaéam›ram
yaéam›rsan
yaéam›r
yaéam›r›q
yaéam›rs›n›z
yaéam›rlar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
veriyorum
veriyorsun
veriyor
veriyoruz
veriyorsunuz
veriyorlar
vermiyorum
vermiyorsun
vermiyor
vermiyoruz
vermiyorsunuz
vermiyorlar
yaé›yorum
yaé›yorsun
yaé›yor
yaé›yoruz
yaé›yorsunuz
yaé›yorlar
yaéam›yorum
yaéam›yorsun
yaéam›yor
yaéam›yoruz
yaéam›yorsunuz
yaéam›yorlar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
179
2
Habitual present / Indefinite future
verìrìm ‘I will probably give; I (usually) give’ [Tr. veririm]
yaéamar›q ‘we probably will not live; we (usually) don’t live’ [Tr. yaéamay›z]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verìrìm
verìrsìn
verìr
verìrik
verìrsiniz
verìrlìr
vermìrìm*
vermìzsìn
vermìz
vermìrik**
vermìzsiniz
vermìzlìr
yaéayaram
yaéayarsan
yaéayar
yaéayar›q**
yaéayars›n›z
yaéayarlar
yaéamaram*
yaéamazsan
yaéamaz
yaéamar›q
yaéamazs›n›z
yaéamazlar
*also: vermìzìm, yaéamazam
** also: vermìzik, yaéamaz›q
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
veririm
verirsin
verir
veririz
verirsiniz
verirler
vermem
vermezsin
vermez
vermeyiz
vermezsiniz
vermezler
yaéar›m
yaéars›n
yaéar
yaéar›z
yaéars›n›z
yaéarlar
yaéamam
yaéamazs›n
yaéamaz
yaéamay›z
yaéamazs›n›z
yaéamazlar
180
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
3
Definite future
verìcìyìm ‘I will (definitely) give’ [Tr. verece¤im]
yaéamayaca¤›q ‘we will (definitely) not live’ [Tr. yaéamayaca¤›z]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verìcìyìm
verìcìksìn
verìcìk
verìcìyik
verìcìksiniz
verìcìklìr
vermìyìcìyìm
vermìyìcìksìn
vermìyìcìk
vermìyìcìyik
vermìyìcìksiniz
vermìyìcìklìr
yaéayaca¤am
yaéayacaqsan
yaéayacaq
yaéayaca¤›q
yaéayacaqs›n›z
yaéayacaqlar
yaéamayaca¤am
yaéamayacaqsan
yaéamayacaq
yaéamayaca¤›q
yaéamayacaqs›n›z
yaéamayacaqlar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verece¤im
vereceksin
verecek
verece¤iz
vereceksiniz
verecekler
vermeyece¤im
vermeyeceksin
vermeyecek
vermeyece¤iz
vermeyeceksiniz
vermeyecekler
yaéayaca¤›m
yaéayacaks›n
yaéayacak
yaéayaca¤›z
yaéayacaks›n›z
yaéayacaklar
yaéamayaca¤›m
yaéamayacaks›n
yaéamayacak
yaéamayaca¤›z
yaéamayacaks›n›z
yaéamayacaklar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
181
4
Definite past
verdim ‘I gave’ [Tr. verdim]
yaéamad›q ‘we did not live’ [Tr. yaéamad›k]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verdim
verdin
verdi
verdik
verdiniz
verdilìr
vermìdim
vermìdin
vermìdi
vermìdik
vermìdiniz
vermìdilìr
yaéad›m
yaéad›n
yaéad›
yaéad›q
yaéad›n›z
yaéad›lar
yaéamad›m
yaéamad›n
yaéamad›
yaéamad›q
yaéamad›n›z
yaéamad›lar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verdim
verdin
verdi
verdik
verdiniz
verdiler
vermedim
vermedin
vermedi
vermedik
vermediniz
vermediler
yaéad›m
yaéad›n
yaéad›
yaéad›k
yaéad›n›z
yaéad›lar
yaéamad›m
yaéamad›n
yaéamad›
yaéamad›k
yaéamad›n›z
yaéamad›lar
182
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
5
Present perfect / Evidential
vermiéìm ‘I have given (it seems, apparently)’ [Tr. vermiéim]
yaéamam›é›q ‘we have not lived (allegedly, reportedly)’ [Tr. yaéamam›é›z]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
vermiéìm
vermìmiéìm
yaéam›éam
yaéamam›éam
sìn
vermi(é)sìn/
vermìmi(é)sìn/
yaéam›(é)san/
yaéamam›(é)san/
o
vermiédir/
vermìmiédir/
yaéam›éd›r/
yaéamam›éd›r/
biz
vermiéik
vermìmiéik
yaéam›é›q
yaéamam›é›q
siz
vermi(é)siniz/
vermìmi(é)siniz/
vermìyibsiniz
yaéam›(é)s›n›z/
yaéay›bs›n›z
yaéamam›(é)s›n›z/
yaéamay›bs›n›z
onlar
vermiélìr/
vermìmiélìr/
yaéam›élar/
yaéamam›élar/
TURKISH
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
vermiéim
vermiésin
vermié
vermiéiz
vermiésiniz
vermiéler
negative
vermemiéim
vermemiésin
vermemié
vermemiéiz
vermemiésiniz
vermemiéler
affirmative
yaéam›é›m
yaéam›és›n
yaéam›é
yaéam›é›z
yaéam›és›n›z
yaéam›élar
veribsìn
verib(dir)
veribsiniz
köRpü
veriblìr
köPrü
vermìyibsìn
vermìyib(dir)
vermìyiblìr
yaéay›bsan
yaéay›b(d›r)
yaéay›blar
Verb Inflection Tables
yaéamay›bsan
yaéamay›b(d›r)
yaéamay›blar
negative
yaéamam›é›m
yaéamam›és›n
yaéamam›é
yaéamam›é›z
yaéamam›és›n›z
yaéamam›élar
183
6
Past Progressive
verirdim ‘I was giving’ [Tr. veriyordum]
yaéam›rd›q ‘we were not living’ [Tr. yaéam›yorduk]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verirdim
verirdin
verirdi
verirdik
verirdiniz
verirdilìr
vermirdim
vermirdin
vermirdi
vermirdik
vermirdiniz
vermirdilìr
yaéay›rd›m
yaéay›rd›n
yaéay›rd›
yaéay›rd›q
yaéay›rd›n›z
yaéay›rd›lar
yaéam›rd›m
yaéam›rd›n
yaéam›rd›
yaéam›rd›q
yaéam›rd›n›z
yaéam›rd›lar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
veriyordum
veriyordun
veriyordu
veriyorduk
veriyordunuz
veriyordular/
veriyorlard›
vermiyordum
vermiyordun
vermiyordu
vermiyorduk
vermiyordunuz
vermiyordular/
vermiyorlard›
yaé›yordum
yaé›yordun
yaé›yordu
yaé›yorduk
yaé›yordunuz
yaé›yordular/
yaé›yorlard›
yaéam›yordum
yaéam›yordun
yaéam›yordu
yaéam›yorduk
yaéam›yordunuz
yaéam›yordular/
yaéam›yorlard›
184
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
7
Indefinite future in the past / Habitual past
verìrdim ‘I used to give; I would give’ [Tr. verirdim]
yaéamazd›q ‘we did not use to live; we would not have lived’ [Tr. yaéamazd›k]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verìrdim
verìrdin
verìrdi
verìrdik
verìrdiniz
verìrdilìr
vermìzdim
vermìzdin
vermìzdi
vermìzdik
vermìzdiniz
vermìzdilìr
yaéayard›m
yaéayard›n
yaéayard›
yaéayard›q
yaéayard›n›z
yaéayard›lar
yaéamazd›m
yaéamazd›n
yaéamazd›
yaéamazd›q
yaéamazd›n›z
yaéamazd›lar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verirdim
verirdin
verirdi
verirdik
verirdiniz
verirlerdi/
verirdiler
vermezdim
vermezdin
vermez
vermezdik
vermezdiniz
vermezlerdi/
vermezdiler
yaéard›m
yaéard›n
yaéard›
yaéard›k
yaéard›n›z
yaéarlard›/
yaéard›lar
yaéamazd›m
yaéamazd›n
yaéamazd›
yaéamazd›k
yaéamazd›n›z
yaéamazlard›/ yaéamazd›lar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
185
8
Past perfect
vermiédim ‘I had given’ [Tr. vermiétim]
yaéamam›éd›q ‘we had not lived’ [Tr. yaéamam›ét›k]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
vermiédim
vermiédin
vermiédi
vermiédik
vermiédiniz
vermiédilìr
vermìmiédim
vermìmiédin
vermìmiédi
vermìmiédik
vermìmiédiniz
vermìmiédilìr
yaéam›éd›m
yaéam›éd›n
yaéam›éd›
yaéam›éd›k
yaéam›éd›n›z
yaéam›éd›lar
yaéamam›éd›m
yaéamam›éd›n
yaéamam›éd›
yaéamam›éd›k
yaéamam›éd›n›z
yaéamam›éd›lar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vermiétim
vermiétin
vermiéti
vermiétik
vermiétiniz
vermiétiler/
vermiélerdi
vermemiétim
vermemiétin
vermemiéti
vermemiétik
vermemiétiniz
vermemiétiler/
vermemiélerdi
yaéam›ét›m
yaéam›ét›n
yaéam›ét›
yaéam›ét›k
yaéam›ét›n›z
yaéam›ét›lar/
yaéam›élard›
yaéamam›ét›m
yaéamam›ét›n
yaéamam›ét›
yaéamam›ét›n›z
yaéamam›ét›n›z
yaéamam›ét›lar/
yaéamam›élard›
186
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
9
Future in the past
verìcìkdim ‘I was going to give, I should give/have given’ [Tr. verecektim]
yaéamayacaqd›q ‘we were not going to live, we should not live/have lived’ [Tr. yaéamayacakt›k]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verìcìkdim
verìcìkdin
verìcìkdi
verìcìkdik
verìcìkdiniz
verìcìkdilìr
vermìyìcìktim
vermìyìcìkdin
vermìyìcìkdi
vermìyìcìkdik
vermìyìcìkdiniz
vermìyìcìkdilìr
yaéayacaqd›m
yaéayacaqd›n
yaéayacaqd›
yaéayacaqd›q
yaéayacaqd›n›z
yaéayacaqd›lar
yaéamayacaqd›m
yaéamayacaqd›n
yaéamayacaqd›
yaéamayacaqd›q
yaéamayacaqd›n›z
yaéamayacaqd›lar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verecektim
verecektin
verecekti
verecektik
verecektiniz
vereceklerdi/
verecektiler
vermeyecektim
vermeyecektin
vermeyecekti
vermeyecektik
vermeyecektiniz
vermeyeceklerdi/
vermeyecektiler
yaéayacakt›m
yaéamayacakt›m
yaéayacakt›n
yaéamayacakt›n
yaéayacakt›
yaéamayacakt›
yaéayacakt›k
yaéamayacakt›
yaéayacakt›n›z
yaéamayacakt›n›z
yaéayacaklard›/ yaéayacakt›lar yaéamayacaklard›/
yaéamyacakt›lar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
negative
187
10
Imperative
verim ‘let me give’ [Tr. vereyim]
yaéamayaq ‘let’s not live’ [Tr. yaéamayal›m]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
TURKISH
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
188
aaffirmative
verim
ver
versin
verìk
verin
versinlìr
affirmative
vereyim
ver
versin
verelim
verin(iz)
versinler
Verb Inflection Tables
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìyim
vermì
vermìsin
vermìyìk
vermìyin
vermìsinlìr
yaéay›m
yaéa
yaéas›n
yaéayaq
yaéay›n
yaéas›nlar
yaéamay›m
yaéama
yaéamas›n
yaéamayaq
yaéamay›n
yaéamas›nlar
negative
affirmative
negative
vermeyeyim
verme
vermesin
vermeyelim
vermeyin(iz)
vermesinler
yaéayay›m
yaéa
yaéas›n
yaéayal›m
yaéay›n(›z)
yaéas›nlar
yaéamayay›m
yaéama
yaéamas›n
yaéamayal›m
yaéamay›n(›z)
yaéamas›nlar
köRpü
köPrü
11
Optative: Future and Present
verìm ‘I wish, may give’ [Tr. vereyim]
yaéamayaq ‘I wish we did not live; may we not live’ [Tr. yaéamayal›m]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verìm
verìsìn
verì
verìk
verìsiniz
verìlìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìyìm
vermìyìsìn
vermìyì
vermìyìk
vermìyìsiniz
vermìyìlìr
yaéayam
yaéayasan
yaéaya
yaéayaq
yaéayas›n›z
yaéayalar
yaéamayam
yaéamayasan
yaéamaya
yaéamayaq
yaéamayas›n›z
yaéamayalar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vereyim
veresin
vere
verelim
veresin(iz)
vereler
vermeyeyim
vermeyesin
vermeye
vermeyelim
vermeyesin(iz)
vermeyeler
yaéayay›m
yaéayas›n
yaéaya
yaéayal›m
yaéayas›n(›z)
yaéayalar
yaéamayay›m
yaéamayas›n
yaéamaya
yaéamayal›m
yaéamayas›n(›z)
yaéamayalar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
189
12
Optative: Past
verì idim ‘I wish I gave; I should have given’ [Tr. vereydim]
yaéamaya idik ‘we wished we had not lived; we should not have lived’ [Tr. yaéamayayd›k] (rare)
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì idim
verì idin
verì idi
verì idik
verì idiniz
verì idilìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìyì idim
vermìyì idin
vermìyì idi
vermìyì idik
vermìyì idiniz
vermìyì idilìr
yaéaya idim
yaéaya idin
yaéaya idi
yaéaya idik
yaéaya idiniz
yaéaya idilìr
yaéamaya idim
yaéamaya idin
yaéamaya idi
yaéamaya idik
yaéamaya idiniz
yaéamaya idilìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vereydim
vereydin
vereydi
vereydik
vereydiniz
vereydiler
vermeyeydim
vermeyeydin
vermeyeydi
vermeyeydik
vermeyeydiniz
vermeyeydiler
yaéayayd›m
yaéayayd›n
yaéayayd›
yaéayayd›k
yaéayayd›n›z
yaéayayd›lar
yaéamayayd›m
yaéamayayd›n
yaéamayayd›
yaéamayayd›k
yaéamayayd›n›z
yaéamayayd›lar
190
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
13
Necessitative: Present
vermìliyìm ‘I have to give; should give’ [Tr. vermeliyim]
yaéamamal›y›q ‘we should not live’ [Tr. yaéamamal›y›z]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
a
affirmative
vermìliyìm
vermìlisìn
vermìlidir
vermìliyik
vermìlisiniz
vermìlidirlìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìmìliyìm
vermìmìlisìn
vermìmìlidir
vermìmìliyik
vermìmìlisiniz
vermìmìlidirlìr
yaéamal›yam
yaéamal›san
yaéamal›d›r
yaéamal›y›q
yaéamal›s›n›z
yaéamal›d›rlar
yaéamamal›yam
yaéamamal›san
yaéamamal›d›r
yaéamamal›y›q
yaéamamal›s›n›z
yaéamamal›d›rlar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vermeliyim
vermelisin
vermeli(dir)
vermeliyiz
vermelisiniz
vermeli(dir)ler
vermemeliyim
vermemelisin
vermemeli(dir)
vermemeliyiz
vermemelisiniz
vermemeli(dir)ler
yaéamal›y›m
yaéamal›s›n
yaéamal›(d›r)
yaéamal›y›z
yaéamal›s›n›z
yaéamal›(d›r)lar
yaéamamal›y›m
yaéamamal›s›n
yaéamamal›(d›r)
yaéamamal›y›z
yaéamamal›s›n›z
yaéamamal›(d›r)lar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
191
14
Necessitative: Past
vermìli idim ‘I should have given’ [Tr. vermeliydim]
yaéamamal› idik ‘we should not have lived’ [Tr. yaéamamal›yd›k]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
aaffirmative
vermìli idim
vermìli idin
vermìli idi
vermìli idik
vermìli idiniz
vermìli idilìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìmìli idim
vermìmìli idin
vermìmìli idi
vermìmìli idik
vermìmìli idiniz
vermìmìli idilìr
yaéamal› idim
yaéamal› idin
yaéamal› idi
yaéamal› idik
yaéamal› idiniz
yaéamal› idilìr
yaéamamal› idim
yaéamamal› idin
yaéamamal› idi
yaéamamal› idik
yaéamamal› idiniz
yaéamamal› idilìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vermeliydim
vermeliydin
vermeliydi
vermeliydik
vermeliydiniz
vermeliydiler/
vermelilerdi
vermemeliydim
vermemeliydin
vermemeliydi
vermemeliydik
vermemeliydiniz
vermemeliydiler/
vermemelilerdi
yaéamal›yd›m
yaéamal›yd›n
yaéamal›yd›
yaéamal›yd›k
yaéamal›yd›n›z
yaéamal›yd›lar/
yaéamal›lard›
yaéamamal›yd›m
yaéamamal›yd›n
yaéamamal›yd›
yaéamamal›yd›k
yaéamamal›yd›n›z
yaéamamal›yd›lar/
yaéamamal›lard›
192
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
15
Voluntative
verìsiyìm ‘I should give’ [Tr. --]
yaéayas› deyilik ‘we should not live’ [Tr. --]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
aaffirmative
verìsiyìm
verìsisìn
verìsidir
verìsiyik
verìsisiniz
verìsidirlìr
negative
affirmative
negative
verìsi deyilìm
verìsi deyilsìn
verìsi deyildir
verìsi deyilik
verìsi deyilsiniz
verìsi deyildirlìr
yaéayas›yam
yaéayas›san
yaéayas›d›r
yaéayas›y›q
yaéayas›s›n›z
yaéayas›d›rlar
yaéayas› deyilìm
yaéayas› deyilsìn
yaéayas› deyildir
yaéayas› deyilik
yaéayas› deyilsiniz
yaéayas› deyildirlìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vermeliyim
vermelisin
vermeli(dir)
vermeliyiz
vermelisiniz
vermeli(dir)ler
vermemeliyim
vermemelisin
vermemeli(dir)
vermemeliyiz
vermemelisiniz
vermemeli(dir)ler
yaéamal›y›m
yaéamal›s›n
yaéamal›(d›r)
yaéamal›y›z
yaéamal›s›n›z
yaéamal›(d›r)lar
yaéamamal›y›m
yaéamamal›s›n
yaéamamal›(d›r)
yaéamamal›y›z
yaéamamal›s›n›z
yaéamamal›(d›r)lar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
193
16
Abilitative: Present Progressive
verì bilirìm ‘I am able to give’ [Tr. verebiliyorum]
yaéaya bilmirik ‘we are not able to live [Tr. yaéayam›yoruz]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
aaffirmative
verì bilirìm
verì bilirsìn
verì bilir
verì bilirik
verì bilirsiniz
verì bilirlìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmirìm
verì bilmirsìn
verì bilmir
verì bilmirik
verì bilmirsiniz
verì bilmirlìr
yaéaya bilirìm
yaéaya bilirsìn
yaéaya bilir
yaéaya bilirik
yaéaya bilirsiniz
yaéaya bilirlìr
negative
yaéaya bilmirìm
yaéaya bilmirsìn
yaéaya bilmir
yaéaya bilmirik
yaéaya bilmirsiniz
yaéaya bilmirlìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebiliyorum
verebiliyorsun
verebiliyor
verebiliyoruz
verebiliyorsunuz
verebiliyorlar
veremiyorum
veremiyorsun
veremiyor
veremiyoruz
veremiyorsunuz
veremiyorlar
yaéayabiliyorum
yaéayabiliyorsun
yaéayabiliyor
yaéayabiliyoruz
yaéayabiliyorsunuz
yaéayabiliyorlar
yaéayam›yorum
yaéayam›yorsun
yaéayam›yor
yaéayam›yoruz
yaéayam›yorsunuz
yaéayam›yorlar
194
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
17
Abilitative: Past Progressive
verì bilirdim ‘I was able to give’ [Tr. verebiliyordum]
yaéaya bilmirdik ‘we were not able to live’ [Tr. yaéayam›yorduk]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì bilirdim
verì bilirdin
verì bilirdi
verì bilirdik
verì bilirdiniz
verì bilirdilìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmirdim
verì bilmirdin
verì bilmirdi
verì bilmirdik
verì bilmirdiniz
verì bilmirdilìr
yaéaya bilirdim
yaéaya bilirdin
yaéaya bilirdi
yaéaya bilirdik
yaéaya bilirdiniz
yaéaya bilirdilìr
negative
yaéaya bilmirdim
yaéaya bilmirdin
yaéaya bilmirdi
yaéaya bilmirdik
yaéaya bilmirdiniz
yaéaya bilmirdilìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebiliyordum
verebiliyordun
verebiliyordu
verebiliyorduk
verebiliyordunuz
verebiliyordular/
verebiliyorlard›
veremiyordum
veremiyordun
veremiyordu
veremiyorduk
veremiyordunuz
veremiyordular/
veremiyorlard›
yaéayabiliyordum
yaéayabiliyordun
yaéayabiliyordu
yaéayabiliyorduk
yaéayabiliyordunuz
yaéayabiliyordular/
yaéayabiliyorlard›
yaéayam›yordum
yaéayam›yordun
yaéayam›yordu
yaéayam›yorduk
yaéayam›yordunuz
yaéayam›yordular/
yaéayam›yorlardu
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
195
18
Abilitative: Indefinite future / Habitual present
verì bilìrìm ‘I will probably be able to give’ [Tr. verebilirim]
yaéaya bilmìrik ‘we probably won’t be able to live’ [Tr. yaéayamay›z]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì bilìrìm
verì bilìrsìn
verì bilìr
verì bilìrik
verì bilìrsiniz
verì bilìrlìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmìrìm
verì bilmìzsìn
verì bilmìz
verì bilmìrik
verì bilmìzsiniz
verì bilmìzlìr
yaéaya bilìrìm
yaéaya bilìrsìn
yaéaya bilìr
yaéaya bilìrik
yaéaya bilìrsiniz
yaéaya bilìrlìr
negative
yaéaya bilmìrìm
yaéaya bilmìzsìn
yaéaya bilmìz
yaéaya bilmìrik
yaéaya bilmìzsiniz
yaéaya bilmìzlìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebilirim
verebilirsin
verebilir
verebiliriz
verebilirsiniz
verebilirler
veremem
veremezsin
veremez
veremeyiz
veremezsiniz
veremezler
yaéayabilirim
yaéayabilirsin
yaéayabilir
yaéayabiliriz
yaéayabilirsiniz
yaéayabilirler
yaéayamam
yaéayamazs›n
yaéayamaz
yaéayamay›z
yaéayamazs›n›z
yaéayamazlar
196
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
19
Abilitative: Indefinite future in the past / Habitual past
verì bilìrdim ‘I could give; could have given’ [Tr. verebilirdim]
yaéaya bilmìzdik ‘we could not live; could not have lived’ [Tr. yaéayamazd›k]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì bilìrdim
verì bilìrdin
verì bilìrdi
verì bilìrdik
verì bilìrdiniz
verì bilìrdilìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmìzdim
verì bilmìzdin
verì bilmìzdi
verì bilmìzdik
verì bilmìzdiniz
verì bilmìzdilìr
yaéaya bilìrdim
yaéaya bilìrdin
yaéaya bilìrdi
yaéaya bilìrdik
yaéaya bilìrdiniz
yaéaya bilìrdilìr
negative
yaéaya bilmìzdim
yaéaya bilmìzdin
yaéaya bilmìzdi
yaéaya bilmìzdik
yaéaya bilmìzdiniz
yaéaya bilmìzdilìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebilirdim
verebilirdin
verebilirdi
verebilirdik
verebilirdiniz
verebilirdiler/
verebilirlerdi
veremezdim
veremezdin
veremezdi
veremezdik
veremezdiniz
veremezdiler/
veremezlerdi
yaéayabilirdim
yaéayabilirdin
yaéayabilirdi
yaéayabilirdik
yaéayabilirdiniz
yaéayabilirdiler/
yaéayabilirlerdi
yaéayamazd›m
yaéayamazd›n
yaéayamazd›
yaéayamazd›k
yaéayamazd›n›z
yaéayamazd›lar/
yaéayamazlard›
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
197
20
Abilitative: Definite Future
verì bilìcìyìm ‘I will be able to give’ [Tr. verebilece¤im]
yaéaya bilmìyìcìyik ‘we will not be able to live’ [Tr. yaéayamayaca¤›z]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì bilìcìyìm
verì bilìcìksìn
verì bilìcìk
verì bilìcìyik
verì bilìcìksiniz
verì bilìcìklìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmìyìcìyìm
verì bilmìyìcìksìn
verì bilmìyìcìk
verì bilmìyìcìyik
verì bilmìyìcìksiniz
verì bilmìyìcìklìr
yaéaya bilìcìyìm
yaéaya bilìcìksìn
yaéaya bilìcìk
yaéaya bilìcìyik
yaéaya bilìcìksiniz
yaéaya bilìcìklìr
negative
yaéaya bilmìyìcìyìm
yaéaya bilmìyìcìksìn
yaéaya bilmìyìcìk
yaéaya bilmìyìcìyik
yaéaya bilmìyìcìksiniz
verì bilmìyìcìklìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebilece¤im
verebileceksin
verebilecek
verebilece¤iz
verebileceksiniz
verebilecekler
veremeyece¤im
veremeyeceksin
veremeyecek
veremeyece¤iz
veremeyeceksiniz
veremeyecekler
yaéayabilece¤im
yaéayabileceksin
yaéayabilecek
yaéayabilece¤iz
yaéayabileceksiniz
yaéayabilecekler
yaéayamayaca¤›m
yaéayamayacaks›n
yaéayamayacak
yaéayamayaca¤›z
yaéayamayacaks›n›z
yaéayamayacaklar
198
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
21
Abilitative: Definite future in the past
verì bilìcìkdim ‘I was going to be able to give’ [Tr. verebilecektim]
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdik ‘we were not going to be able to live’ [Tr. yaéayamayacakt›k]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì bilìcìkdim
verì bilìcìkdin
verì bilìcìkdi
verì bilìcìkdik
verì bilìcìkdiniz
verì bilìcìkdilìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmìyìcìkdim
verì bilmìyìcìkdin
verì bilmìyìcìkdi
verì bilmìyìcìkdik
verì bilmìyìcìkdiniz
verì bilmìyìcìkdilìr
yaéaya bilìcìkdim
yaéaya bilìcìkdin
yaéaya bilìcìkdi
yaéaya bilìcìkdik
yaéaya bilìcìkdiniz
yaéaya bilìcìkdilìr
negative
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdim
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdin
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdi
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdik
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdiniz
yaéaya bilmìyìcìkdilìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebilecektim
verebilecektin
verebilecekti
verebilecektik
verebilecektiniz
verebileceklerdi/
verebilecektiler
veremeyecektim
veremeyecektin
veremeyecekti
veremeyecektik
veremeyecektiniz
veremeyeceklerdi/
veremeyecektiler
yaéayabilecektim
yaéayabilecektin
yaéayabilecekti
yaéayabilecektik
yaéayabilecektiniz
yaéayabileceklerdi/
yaéayabilecektiler
yaéayamayacakt›m
yaéayamayacakt›n
yaéayamayacakt›
yaéayamayacakt›k
yaéayamayacakt›n›z
yaéayamayacaklard›/
yaéayamayacakt›lar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
199
22
Abilitative: Present perfect / Evidential
verì bilmiéìm ‘I have been able to give; it is said/it seems that I have been able to give’ [Tr. verebilmiéim]
yaéaya bilmìmiéik ‘we have not been able to live; apparently we were unable to live’ [Tr. yaéayamam›é›z]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
verì bilmiéìm
verì bilmi(é)sìn
verì bilmiédir
verì bilmiéik
verì bilmi(é)siniz
verì bilmiélìr
negative
affirmative
negative
verì bilmìmiéìm
verì bilmìmi(é)sìn
verì bilmìmiédir
verì bilmìmiéik
verì bilmìmi(é)siniz
verì bilmìmiélìr
yaéaya bilmiéìm
yaéaya bilmi(é)sìn
yaéaya bilmiédir
yaéaya bilmiéik
yaéaya bilmi(é)siniz
yaéaya bilmiélìr
yaéaya bilmìmiéìm
yaéaya bilmìmi(é)sìn
yaéaya bilmìmiédir
yaéaya bilmìmiéik
yaéaya bilmìmi(é)siniz
yaéaya bilmìmiélìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebilmiéim
verebilmiésin
verebilmié
verebilmiéiz
verebilmiésiniz
verebilmiéler
verememiéim
verememiésin
verememié
verememiéiz
verememiésiniz
verememiéler
yaéayabilmiéim
yaéayabilmiésin
yaéayabilmié
yaéayabilmiéiz
yaéayabilmiésiniz
yaéayabilmiéler
yaéayamam›é›m
yaéayamam›és›n
yaéayamam›é
yaéayamam›é›z
yaéayamam›és›n›z
yaéayamam›éler
200
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
23
Abilitative: Definite past
verì bildim ‘I was able to give’ [Tr. verebildim]
yaéaya bilmìdik ‘we were not able to live’ [Tr. yaéayamad›k]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
a
affirmative
verì bildim
verì bildin
verì bildi
verì bildik
verì bildiniz
verì bildilìr
negative
affirmative
verì bilmìdim
verì bilmìdin
verì bilmìdi
verì bilmìdik
verì bilmìdiniz
verì bilmìdilìr
yaéaya bildim
yaéaya bildin
yaéaya bildi
yaéaya bildik
yaéaya bildiniz
yaéaya bildilìr
negative
yaéaya bilmìdim
yaéaya bilmìdin
yaéaya bilmìdi
yaéaya bilmìdik
yaéaya bilmìdiniz
yaéaya bilmìdilìr
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verebildim
verebildin
verebildi
verebildik
verebildiniz
verebildiler
veremedim
veremedin
veremedi
veremedik
veremediniz
veremediler
yaéayabildim
yaéayabildin
yaéayabildi
yaéayabildik
yaéayabildiniz
yaéayabildiler
yaéayamad›m
yaéayamad›n
yaéayamad›
yaéayamad›k
yaéayamad›n›z
yaéayamad›lar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
201
24
Conditional: Present progressive
verirìmsì ‘if I am giving’ [Tr. veriyorsam]
yaéam›r›qsa ‘if we are not living’ [Tr. yaéam›yorsak]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
yaéay›ramsa
yaéay›rsansa
yaéay›rsa
yaéay›r›qsa
yaéay›rs›n›zsa
yaéay›rlarsa
yaéam›ramsa
yaéam›rsansa
yaéam›rsa
yaéam›r›qsa
yaéam›rs›n›zsa
yaéam›rlarsa
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verirìmsì
verirsìnsì
verirsì
veririksì
verirsinizsì
verirlìrsì
vermirìmsì
vermirsìnsì
vermirsì
vermiriksì
vermirsinizsì
vermirlìrsì
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
veriyorsam
veriyorsan
veriyorsa
veriyorsak
veriyorsan›z
veriyorlarsa/
veriyorsalar
vermiyorsam
vermiyorsan
vermiyorsa
vermiyorsak
vermiyorsan›z
vermiyorlarsa/
vermiyorsalar
yaé›yorsam
yaé›yorsan
yaé›yorsa
yaé›yorsak
yaé›yorsan›z
yaé›yorlarsa/
yaé›yorsalar
yaéam›yorsam
yaéam›yorsan
yaéam›yorsa
yaéam›yorsak
yaéam›yorsan›z
yaéam›yorlarsa/
yaéam›yorsalar
202
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
25
Conditional: Indefinite future
verìrìmsì ‘if I give’ [Tr. verirsem]
yaéamar›qsa ‘if we do not live’ [Tr. yaéamazsak]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verìrìmsì
verìrsìnsì
verìrsì
verìriksì
verìrsinizsì
verìrlìrsì
vermìrìmsì
vermìzsìnsì
vermìzsì
vermìriksì
vermìzsinizsì
vermìzlìrsì
yaéayaramsa
yaéayarsansa
yaéayarsa
yaéayar›qsa
yaéayars›n›zsa
yaéayarlarsa
yaéamaramsa
yaéamazsansa
yaéamazsa
yaéamar›qsa
yaéamazs›n›zsa
yaéamazlarsa
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verirsem
verirsen
verirse
verirsek
verirseniz
verirlerse/ verirseler
vermezsem
vermezsen
vermezse
vermezsek
vermezseniz
vermezlerse/ vermezseler
yaéarsam
yaéarsan
yaéarsa
yaéarsak
yaéarsan›z
yaéarlarsa/ yaéarsalar
yaéamazsam
yaéamazsan
yaéamazsa
yaéamazsak
yaéamazsan›z
yaéamazlarsa/ yaéamazsalar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
203
26
Conditinal: Definite future
verìcìyìmsì ‘if I will (certainly give)’ [Tr. vereceksem]
yaéamayaca¤›qsa ‘if we will (certainly) not live’ [Tr. yaéamayacaksak]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verìcìyìmsì
verìcìksìnsì
verìcìksì
verìcìyiksì
verìcìksinizsì
verìcìklìrsì
vermìyìcìyìmsì
vermìyìcìksìnsì
vermìyìcìksì
vermìyìcìyiksì
vermìyìcìksinizsì
vermìyìcìklìrsì
yaéayaca¤amsa
yaéayacaqsansa
yaéayacaqsa
yaéayaca¤›qsa
yaéayacaqs›n›zsa
yaéayacaqlarsa
yaéamayaca¤amsa
yaéamayacaqsansa
yaéamayacaqsa
yaéamayaca¤›qsa
yaéamayacaqs›n›zsa
yaéamayacaqlarsa
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vereceksem
vereceksen
verecekse
vereceksek
verecekseniz
vereceklerse/
verecekseler
vermeyeceksem
vermeyeceksen
vermeyecekse
vermeyeceksek
vermeyecekseniz
vermeyeceklerse/
vermeyecekseler
yaéayacaksam
yaéayacaksan
yaéayacaksa
yaéayacaksak
yaéayacaksan›z
yaéayacaklarsa/
yaéayacaksalar
yaéamayacaksam
yaéamayacaksan
yaéamayacaksa
yaéamayacaksak
yaéamayacaksan›z
yaéamayacaklarsa/
yaéamayacaksalar
204
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
27
Conditional: Present perfect
vermiéìmsì ‘if I have given (as is being said)’ [Tr. vermiésem]
yaéamam›é›qsa ‘if we have not lived (as is being said) [Tr. yaéamam›ésak]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
mìn
vermiéìmsì
vermìmiéìmsì
yaéam›éamsa
yaéamam›éamsa
sìn
vermi(é)sìnsì/
veribsìnsì
vermìmi(é)sìnsì/
vermìyibsìnsì
yaéam›(é)sansa/
yaéay›bsansa
yaéamam›(é)sansa/
yaéamay›bsansa
o
vermiédirsì/
veribsì
vermìmiédirsì/
vermìyibsì
yaéam›éd›rsa/
yaéay›bsa
yaéamam›éd›rsa/
yaéamay›bsa
biz
vermiéiksì
vermìmiéiksì
yaéam›é›qsa
yaéamam›é›qsa
siz
vermi(é)sinizsì/
veribsinizsì
vermìmi(é)sinizsì/
vermìyibsì
yaéam›(é)s›n›zsa/
yaéay›bs›n›zsa
yaéamam›(é)s›n›zsa/
yaéamay›bs›n›zsa
onlar
vermiélìrsì/
veriblìrsì
vermìmiélìrsì/
vermìyiblìrsì
yaéam›élarsa/
yaéay›blarsa
yaéamam›élarsa/
yaéamay›blarsa
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
vermiésem
vermiésen
vermiése
vermiések
vermiéseniz
vermiéseler / vermiélerse
vermemiésem
vermemiésen
vermemiése
vermemiések
vermemiéseniz
vermemiéseler / vermemiélerse
yaéam›ésam
yaéam›ésan
yaéam›ésa
yaéam›ésak
yaéam›ésan›z
yaéam›ésalar / yaéam›élarsa
yaéamam›ésam
yaéamam›ésan
yaéamam›ésa
yaéamam›ésak
yaéamam›ésan›z
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
yaéamam›ésalar/ yaéamam›élarsa
205
28
Conditional: Definite past
verdimsì ‘if I gave’ [Tr. verdimse/verdiysem]
yaéamad›qsa ‘if we did not live’ [Tr. yaéamad›ksa/yaéamad›ysak]
AZERI
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìdimsì
vermìdinsì
vermìdiysì
vermìdiksì
vermìdinizsì
vermìdilìrsì
yaéad›msa
yaéad›nsa
yaéad›ysa
yaéad›qsa
yaéad›n›zsa
yaéad›larsa
yaéamad›msa
yaéamad›nsa
yaéamad›ysa
yaéamad›qsa
yaéamad›n›zsa
yaéamad›larsa
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
verdimsì
verdinsì
verdiysì
verdiksì
verdinizsì
verdilìrsì
TURKISH
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
verdimse/verdiysem
verdinse/ verdiysen
verdiyse
verdikse/verdiysek
verdinizse/verdiyseniz
verdilerse/verdiyseler
vermedimse/vermediysem
vermedinse/vermediysen
vermediyse
vermedikse/vermediysek
vermedinizse/vermediyseniz
vermedilerse/vermediyseler
yaéad›msa/yaşad›ysam
yaéad›nsa/yaşad›ysan
yaéad›ysa
yaéad›ksa/yaşad›ysak
yaéad›n›zsa/yaşad›ysan›z
yaéad›larsa/yaéad›ysalar
yaéamad›msa/yaéamad›ysam
yaéamad›nsa/yaéamad›ysan
yaéamad›ysa
yaéamad›ksa/yaéamad›ysak
206
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
yaéamad›n›zsa/yaéamad›ysan›z
yaéamad›larsa/yaéamad›ysalar
29
Potential-Conditional
versìm ‘if I gave’ [Tr. versem]
yaéamasaq ‘if we did not live’ [Tr. yaéamasak]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
aaffirmative
versìm
versìn
versì
versìk
versìniz
versìlìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìsìm
vermìsìn
vermìsì
vermìsìk
vermìsìniz
vermìsìlìr
yaéasam
yaéasan
yaéasa
yaéasaq
yaéasan›z
yaéasalar
yaéamasam
yaéamasan
yaéamasa
yaéamasaq
yaéamasan›z
yaéamasalar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
versem
versen
verse
versek
verseniz
verseler
vermesem
vermesen
vermese
vermesek
vermeseniz
vermeseler
yaéasam
yaéasan
yaéasa
yaéasak
yaéasan›z
yaéasalar
yaéamasam
yaéamasan
yaéamasa
yaéamasak
yaéamasan›z
yaéamasalar
köRpü
köPrü
Verb Inflection Tables
207
30
Impossible-Conditional
versìydim ‘if I gave; if I had given’ [Tr. verseydim]
yaéamasayd›q ‘if we did not live; if we had not lived’ [Tr. yaéamasayd›k]
AZERI
mìn
sìn
o
biz
siz
onlar
affirmative
versìydim
versìydin
versìydi
versìydik
versìydiniz
versìydilìr
negative
affirmative
negative
vermìsìydim
vermìsìydin
vermìsìydi
vermìsìydik
vermìsìydiniz
vermìsìydilìr
yaéasayd›m
yaéasayd›n
yaéasayd›
yaéasayd›q
yaéasayd›n›z
yaéasayd›lar
yaéamasayd›m
yaéamasayd›n
yaéamasayd›
yaéamasayd›q
yaéamasayd›n›z
yaéamasayd›lar
TURKISH
affirmative
negative
affirmative
negative
ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
verseydim
verseydin
verseydi
verseydik
verseydiniz
verseydiler/
verselerdi
vermeseydim
vermeseydin
vermeseydi
vermeseydik
vermeseydiniz
vermeseydiler/
vermeselerdi
yaéasayd›m
yaéasayd›n
yaéasayd›
yaéasayd›k
yaéasayd›n›z
yaéasayd›lar/
yaéasalard›
yaéamasayd›m
yaéamasayd›n
yaéamasayd›
yaéamasayd›k
yaéamasayd›n›z
yaéamasayd›lar/
yaéamasalard›
208
Verb Inflection Tables
köRpü
köPrü
köRpü
köPrü
TOPICS INDEX
Abilitative mode 53
› --- i 18
› --- u 18
a --- e 15
b --- p 9
-b, -c, -d, -g --- -p, -â, - t, -k 12
ç --- a 21
ç --- e 21
ç --- ê 22
ç --- o 21
ç --- u 22
d --- t 8
ê --- › 22
e --- a 15
e --- çy 16
ê --- i 23
e --- i 16
ê --- u 23
g --- ¤ 10
h- + vowel --- initial vowel 11
i- --- y›-/yi- 14
i --- › 19
ì --- a 17
i --- e 19
i --- ê 20
ì --- i 18
i --- u 19
initial i- --- initial ›- 14
initial vowel --- initial y + vowel
k --- g 10
m --- b 9
o --- ç 20
o --- a 20
o --- u 20
p --- b 10
köRpü
köPrü
15
Index
209
t --- d 9
u --- › 22
y --- ¤ 11
Alphabet 4
Apostrophe sign ‘ 4
Arabic origin 29
Borrowings from Persian 25
Case 42
Colors 39
Common sound and sign correspondences 8
Comparison and degree
46
Conjunction ki 53
Consonant reduplication: -dd-, -qq-, -yy-, etc. 13
Days of the week 36
Demonstratives 41
Differences in Alphabetic Signs 4
-dIKdE
54
Double questions: “or” and “or not” 49
European borrowings 34
“False Friends” 30
Habitual present/Indefinite future 50
Interrogatives 43
Kinship words 38
Letter x 6
Letter ¤ 8
Letter q 7
Letter signs 5
Letters ì and e 5
Letters and Sounds 3
Lexicon 24
Metathesis: -rp- --- -pr-, etc. 11
Miscallenous words 39
Months 36
Numerals 35
Orthographic Conventions 24
Parts of the body 37
Persian prefixes and suffixes 26
210
Index
köRpü
köPrü
Personal pronouns and suffixes 40
Possessives 41
Possibility 49
Postpositions 46
Present perfect/Evidential 51
Present progressive
50
Quantity and degree 45
Questions 48
Questions with interrogative pronouns 48
Reflexive çz
46
Relative suffix –kI 55
Time 44
Turkic or Altaic origin 24
Verb inflections
Abilitative: Definite Future 200
Abilitative: Definite future in the past 201
Abilitative: Definite past 203
Abilitative: Indefinite future / Habitual present 198
Abilitative: Indefinite future in the past / Habitual past 199
Abilitative: Past Progressive 197
Abilitative: Present perfect / Evidential 202
Abilitative: Present Progressive 196
Conditinal: Definite future 206
Conditional: Present progressive 204
Conditional: Definite past 208
Conditional: Indefinite future 205
Conditional: Present perfect 207
Definite future 183
Definite past 184
Future in the past 189
Habitual present / Indefinite future 182
Imperative 190
Impossible-Conditional 210
Indefinite future in the past / Habitual past 187
Necessitative: Past 194
Necessitative: Present 193
Optative: Future and Present 191
Optative: Past 192
köRpü
köPrü
Index
211
Past perfect 188
Past Progressive 186
Potential-Conditional 209
Present perfect / Evidential 185
Present progressive 181
Voluntative 195
Verbs
49
-(y)En 55
-(y)EndE 54
Yes-no questions 48
212
Index
köRpü
köPrü
Cumulative
Azerbaijani – English Glossary
This Cumulative Glossary contains all words that are listed in the yellow
glossary boxes in Chapters 1-5 of the Reader. To make locating a word
somewhat easier, words appear here in different colors. The color-coding scheme
kˆPr¸ you can find
will allow you to know in which chapter of kˆRp¸
an item listed below. If an item is glossed in more than one color, the different
colors correspond to the itemís occurrence in different chapters.
Please note that the English equivalent for an entry does not necessarily provide
the entire range of meanings it may have in Azeri, but rather the meaning of
this item in the specific context in which it appears in the reading(s).
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
1 Glossary
2 Glossary
3 Glossary
4 Glossary
5 Glossary
6 Glossary
7 Glossary
8 Glossary
9 Glossary
10 Glossary
A
abidì
abzas
axar
ax›
ax›r
ax›r ki
aile êzvlìri
alìm
amil
anaparapar›c› qêvvì
köRpü
monument
paragraph
current, stream
well; you know
end
at last
family members
world; kingdom
factor
to commemorate
to carry away; to perform
main force
köPrü
Glossary
213
apar›c› mçvqì
arxalanart›q
atìékìs
arvad
as›l› olaraq
at›la-at›la
ayaq saxlaayaq êstì dayanayr›l›qda hìrìsi
azad
azadl›q
azar
ATÌT
= Avropada tìhlêkìsizlik ve
ìmìkdaél›q tìékilat›
B
baxmayaraq
bala
balaca
balans›ndan â›xarbarìdì
baé verbaéa dêébaéa gìlbaé› qar›ébecìrbelì
beynìlxalq
bìdii
bìlìdâi
bìli
bìnd
bìrpa
bìrpa etbìzìk
bilavasitì
bir neâì
boz
bu cìhìtdìn
bu sar›dan
leading position
to be supported
more
truce; cease-fire
wife; woman
depending on
skipping and jumping
to pause
to stand on one’s feet
each one individually
free
freedom
illness
Organization for Co-operation and
Security in Europe
despite
child
small, little; baby
to remove from the balance sheets
= haqq›nda
to take place, happen
to understand, comprehend; realize
to cost
to be busy; to be engrossed
to cultivate
(like) this; this way
international
artistic
guide
yes; sure
dam, reservoir
restoration; rebuilding
to restore
ornament; decoration
directly
a couple of, several
grey
in this regard
in this regard
C
cahan
camaat
214
Glossary
world
people
köRpü
köPrü
canavar
cavan
cìnub
ceyran
cìlb etcìld
cìmlìncìrìyan etcìsarìt
cìsarìt etcoéqun fìaliyyìt
cêmlìdìn
wolf
young
south
gazelle
to draw, attract
quick
to gather, accumulate
to take place
courage
to dare, have courage
tireless activity
o cêmlìdìn: including
Â
shade, tinge
to be published
âalar
âap olunâapdan â›xâapdan â›xma
âar
âatâatd›raq
âay
âìmìn
âimìrlik
âox ehtimal ki
âçkìklik
to be published
publication
czar
to be enough, suffice; to reach
let us bring
river; stream
meadow, grassland
beach
it is very likely that
depression
D
dad
daha
daxil etdal
dal¤›n
dìrc olundìvìt
dìyìn maddi ziyan
dirâìlié
dolan›é›q
dçrd gêndêr ki
dçvr
duzlu-mìzìli
dêédêébìrì
dêzìnlik
köRpü
köPrü
taste
now
to include
back
thoughtful; pensive
to be published
invitation
the economic damage caused
revival
making a living; income
for four days now
era; period
pleasant and witty
to get off
Azerbaijani dumpling
plains
Glossary
215
DQMV
= Da¤l›q Qaraba¤ Muxtar
Vilayìti
E
ehtiram
ehtiyat
el sçzlìri
e’lan olunma
elìelì bil
elì bir ée'r
elì deyilmi
elmi-tìdqiqat
emal, e’mal
e’tibarl›
Ì
ìbìdi
ìdalìtsizlik
ìfsanìvi
ìhatì etìhatì olunìhìmiyyìt
ìksìr
ìlaqìdar
ìlaqìlìndirìlavì
ìldìn salìmanìt goyìmìkdaél›q
ìmìkhaqq›
ìmìliyyat
ìmlak
ìnìnì
ìrazi
ìrsìyì gìtirìsa
ìsas
ìsas›nda
ìsr
ìtrafl›
ìvìz etìvìzinì
ìyalìt
216
Glossary
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region
respect
reserve; resource
popular, folk expressions
declaration
= etit is possible; as if
such kind of poem
isn’t it so
scientific research
production, processing
faithful
eternal
injustice
legendary
to include
to be surrounded
importance
most
related
to relate
supplemental; in addition
to wear out
to entrust
collaboration
wage
operation
realty
tradition
territory
to create
walking stick, cane
main; principal
based on
century
in detail
to replace
in return for
district, province
köRpü
köPrü
ìzab âìkìzbìrâilik
ìziyyìt
to agonize; to be troubled, upset
rote memorization
hardship
F
faciì
faiz
fasilì
fìal
fìaliyyìt
fìxri
fìrasìtli
fìrqlìnfiliz
tragedy
percent
interval; pause
active
activity; work
honorary
smart; shrewd
to distinguish oneself
ore
G
gedìk
gen-bol
gìmiâilik
gìmirici
gìrìksiz bilgìrnìégçrkìm
gçrmêrsìnmi
Gêrcêstan
gêzìran
let us go
comfortably
shipping
rodent
to cancel
to stretch
look; appearance
don’t you see
Georgia (country)
life
H
hadisì
hakimiyyìt
hans›
haéiyìlìnmié
hazz
heâ nì
heâ yana
hesab ethesabat
heyìt
heyranl›q
hìlak olhìll
hìmâinin
hìmin
hìmin bu
hìmiéì
köRpü
event
domination
which one
flanked
pleasure
anything; nothing
nowhere
to consider
report
staff
admiration; pleasure
to die
solution
also; as well (as)
same
exactly this
always
köPrü
Glossary
217
hìmsìrhìd
hìrrac
hìsr ethìsrìt
hissì
hçkmìn
hçrmìt
hçrmìt ethçvsìlì
hçvzì
hêdud
hêquq
hêndêrlêq
hênìr
sharing a border, neighboring (countries)
auction
to devote
longing
part; portion
certainly
respect
to show respect
patience
basin
border
right
height
skill
X
xarici
xas olan
xeyli
Xìzìr denizi
xìzinì
x›rda
xidmìt
xilas etxor
xoébìxtlik
xêsusi
xêsusilì
xêsusiyyìtlìr
‹
ibarìt olibtidai
icarì
icarìdar
icarìyì verilictimai
ifa
iflas
igidlik
iqtisadiyyat
il
ilìcìn
iltizam
218
Glossary
foreign= ya
that are characteristic
very; much
Caspian Sea
treasury
small
service
to rescue
choir
fortune
special
especially
qualities
to consist of
primary
lease; rental
leaseholder
to be leased
= sosial
performance; recital
failure
bravery
economy
year
until the year
(land) contract
köRpü
köPrü
imdad
incìsìnìt xadimlìri
indiki
indiyì kimi
inhisar
inkiéaf etinqilab
intibah
intizar
islahat
istedadl›
isti
istifadì
iégêzar
iégêzarl›q
ié¤al etiétirak
iétirak etittifaq
K
keâmié iltizamâ›
keéiyindì durkeémìkeé
keyfiyyìt
kìnd
kìs
kìsb
kimi
kifayìtlìnkolxoz sìdri
korpus
kurort
kçâkçmìk
kêâì
kêlìk qur¤usu
kêy-kêlìk sal›b
kvadrat
past recipient of a contract
to protect, watch over
struggle; war
quality; characteristic
village; rural
one; person
gain
until; like
to be satisfied
kolkhoz leader
= bina
health resort
to move
help
street
wind turbines
in panic; creating a fuss
square
Q
qaba¤›nda
qabaqc›l tax›lâ›
qald›rmaqda idilìr
köRpü
rescue
those engaged in the fine arts
today’s
by now
monopoly
to develop
revolution
renaissance
anxiety
reform
talented
warm
use; consumption
industrious
efficiency
to occupy
participation
to participate
alliance
adamlar›n qaba¤›nda: before the men
progressive (grain) farmer
they were raising, … in the process of
raising
köPrü
Glossary
219
qalib
qaramal
qarݎ-qarݎ
qayakeâisi
qaydas›nda
qay¤›
qay›dqay›rqeyd etqeyd olunqeyri-ixtiyari
qeyrìt etqìdìm qoyqìdim
qìlìbì
qìrb
q›éq›rq›z›l
qiyam
qolqanad verqondarma
qoruq
qoéulqr›p
quberniya
quréaq
qurtarqurulué
L
lap
layihì
lì¤v
lì¤v edillìtifì
M
maili
malik olmalikdir
manat
maraql›
maraqlar
maral
materik
220
Glossary
victor
cattle
inch by inch
mountain goat
in order
concern; worry
to return
to make, build
to note; to say; to state
to be remembered, noted
instinctively
make an effort; strive
to make a step towards
old
victory
west
to shout
gold
revolt
to inspire
fictitious
preserve
to join
flu
province
zone
to finish; to be saved, freed from
production
very
project
abolishment
to be abolished
joke; anecdote
sloping
to have, own, possess
has/have; own(s)
currency of Azerbaijan
interesting
interests
deer
continental
köRpü
köPrü
MDB
= Mêstìqil Dçvlìtlìr Birliyi
mehmanxana
meéì
mìblì¤
mìcbur etmìcburi kçâkên
mìcmuì
mìhìbbìt
mìhrum
mìhsuldar
mìhz
mìxsus
mìqalì
mìqsìd
mìqsìdi ilì
mìlum olmìlumat vermì’lumatlar
mì'nas›z
mìnfi
mìnéì
mìrtìbì
mìruzì
mìsìlì
mìslìhìt
mìtbuat
mìyl
mìzmun
misal
miqdar
minMingìâevir
minillik
mçvcud
mêalicìvi
mêavin
mêas›r
mêbìhisì etmêbarizì
mêbìrizì aparmêddìt
mêìllif
mêìllim
mêìssisì
mêìyyìn et-
köRpü
köPrü
The Commonwealth of Independent
States
hotel
wood, forest
total; sum
to force
forced refugee
magazine
affection; love
deprived
productive
just; exactly; specifically
belonging to
article
intention; goal
with the purpose of
to become known
to give information
information
meaningless
negative
origin
floor (storey in a building)
address; report
problem
council
press
inclination; leaning
contents
example
number
to get on; to ride
city in Azerbaijan
millennium
present, in existence
healing
deputy
modern, contemporary
to argue
struggle; fight
to fight
period of time
author
teacher
establishment
to allocate
Glossary
221
mêhacirìt
mêharibì
mêhazirì
mêhêm
mêxtìlif
mêxtìliflik
mêqavilì
mêqayisì etmêqìddìs
mêntìzìm
mêraciìt etmêraciìtlì
mêrìkkìb
mêsabiqì
mêstìqil
mêstìqillik
mêstìmlìkì
mêéahidì
mêtaliì
mêtlìq
mêzakirì
migration
war
lecture
important
various; different
diversity; richness
treaty
to compare
sacred
regularly
to address
by appealing to, addressing
complex; complicated
competition
independent
independence
colonial
observation
reading
absolute
discussion; debate
N
na¤araâalan
naqil
namus-qeyrìt
narahatl›q
nazir
nazirlik
neâì vaxtd›r ki
neft
neft sahìlìri
neft sahibkar›
nìcabìtli
nìfìs alnìhayìt
nìér
nìticì
nìyindir
nìzdindì
nìzìrdì tutnìzìrdìn keâirnisbìtìn
nizama salnçmrì
nçv
222
Glossary
drummer
report; narration
pride and honor
anxiety
secretary
ministry
for some time
petroleum, oil
oil fields
oil industrialist
noble
to breathe
finally
publication
result
what’s wrong with you
attached to
to mean; to intend
to look over
towards; with regard to
to put in order
room
species, kind
köRpü
köPrü
nur
nué olsun
nêfuzedici
nêfuzlu
nêmayìndì
light
bon appetit
powerful
strong
representative
O
obraz
oval›q
figure
lowlands
Ç
çtìn il ìrzindì
çtìri
çz
çzgì
çzê
çzêndìn mêétìbehlik
çzênìmìxsus
in the course of the past year
cursory; superficial
own; self
another; other
himself
self-doubt
of her own; special
P
paltar
pamb›q
pay›na dêépiyada
pozpyes
clothes
cotton
to be one’s duty; to fall on one’s share
on foot
to violate; disturb
play
R
rast gìlredaksiya
redaktor
rì¤bìt
rìqabìt
to see; to meet
editorial office
editor
sympathy; liking
competition
S
saatdaca
sadalansadiq
sahì
sahibkar
sazié
seâilir
sentner
sìfìr
sìfir
köRpü
at that very moment
to be named, listed
faithful; loyal
area
owner; entrepreneur
agreement
excels; stands out
100 kg
trip; tour
ambassador
köPrü
Glossary
223
sìfirlik
sìhìr
sìhmdar
sìhv etsìlahiyyìtindì
sìliqì ile
sìltìnìt
sìnayì
sìnìtéênasl›q
sìth
sìviyyì
sì’y gçstìrs›x›éd›rs›xl›q
silsilì
son dìrìcì
soyq›r›m
sçykìnsçzlìémì
sçzêgedìn
sual
sêkut
sêr’ìt
sêrênìn
embassy
morning
joint-stock company
to be mistaken
power; authority
neatly
kingdom
industry
arts (as an academic subject)
surface
level
to make an effort, strive; also spelled sìy
to keep out, drive out
density
chain
exceedingly
genocide
to rest; to lean
contract
aforementioned
question
silence
speed; pace
reptile
É
éagird
éìbìkì
éìfa
éìkil
éìrait
éìrq
éìrqéênasl›q
éimal
élyapa
éçbì
éç’bì
éçhrìt
éura
student
network
recovery
picture
conditions
east
Near Eastern studies; Oriental studies
north
hat
branch
branch
fame
council
T
tacvari
tax›l
tale
tamaéa
tamaéaâ›lar
224
Glossary
coronary
grain
destiny
performance
viewers; audience
köRpü
köPrü
taptapé›rtapé›r›q
tìdarêk oluntìdbir
tìdriclì
tìdris lìvazimatlar›
tììssêrat
tìhlêkìsizlik
tìk(cì)
tìkcì … deyil
tìqdim olun-
to find
to assign
task
to be produced
measure; step
gradually
school supplies
impression
security
only; alone
not only …
to be presented
tìlìstìlim-tìrbiyyì
tìmin ettìminat
tìmsil ettì’minat
tìnbìh ettìnìffês
tìngì geltìnqid ettìnzim
tìrìddêd
tìrìqqi
tìrìvìz
tìrkib
tìsdiq oluntìsìlli
tìsìrrêfat
tìsir
tì’sir
tì’sir gêcê
tì’sisâi
tìsvir ettìéìbbês
tìéìkkêl ettìékilat
tìéviq elìtìtbiq
tìzahêr
tìzìlikcì
tikinti
tin
tirì
to rush, hurry
education
to provide
means
to represent
guarantee
to reproach
breathing
to be exhausted, exasperated
to criticize
organization
variation, inconsistency
progress
vegetable; produce
structure; composition
to be confirmed
consolation
agriculture
effect
influence; effect
influence
founder
to describe, to depict
initiative
to come into being, be created
organization
to promote; to assist
application
appearance
recently
construction
corner
ridge
tìlìbat
köRpü
köPrü
need; necessity
Glossary
225
tutaq ki
tutmué
U
ufuldau¤urlu
uéa¤a âatan kimi
uéaq
let’s imagine, assume
from: -dEn tutmué … -(y)E qìdìr from
… to
to moan; to sigh
successful
as soon as he reached the boy
child
Ê
ênvan
êrìk
êsyan
êz
êzlìé- (ilì)
êzv
êzvlêk
address
heart
uprising
front; face
to be faced (with)
member
membership
V
vaciblik
valideyn
vaéaq
vìrìq
vìsait
vìtìn ya¤›lar›
vìziyyìt
Y
yad
yamaâ
yaranyaranma
yar›msìhra
yasaq
yaéa dolduqca
yat›ryayla
yayl›q
yekun
yellìtyenì
yerindìcì
yerli
yeyinti
yuxu
226
Glossary
necessity
parent
lynx
page
cost
enemies of the nation, country
situation
memory; foreign
slope
to be created; to emerge
emergence
semi-desert
prohibition, ban
as she grew older
to invest
plateau
handkerchief; scarf
final; end; completion
to wave
again
just on the spot
local
food
sleep
köRpü
köPrü
yêngêl
light (adj.)
Z
Zaqafqaziya
zavod
zìhmìtsevìr
zìmin
zìrbìâi
zìrìr
ziyafìt
ziyal›
ziyal›lar
zolaq
zçvq
köRpü
Transcaucasus
factory
hard-working
basis
(socialist) shock worker
loss
banquet
educated; member of intelligentsia
intelligentsia
strip
taste
köPrü
Glossary
227