Values Inculcation the SAF
COL Fred Tan
Head SAF Centre for
Leadership Development
(CLD)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Command
My
Background
My Background
Ops Deployment
• Comd 3 SIB
• CO 1 ADF
• OC ‘A’ 4 SIR
• PC 1 SIR
• Planning Officer DPKO, UN HQ
• Team Leader, Aceh Monitoring Mission
• Senior Liaison Officer, CTF 1 (East Timor)
Ops Staff
HR Staff
• Bde S3, 2 SIB
• Bde Dy S3, 2 SIB
• Senior Project Offr, SAF HR Review
• CO AOMC
• SO 1, NS PDB, NSAD
• Hd Career Planning (Dev/Cses)
• Publicity Officer, ARC
Professional Qualifications
• SAF Senior Commanders’ Programme (SCP)
• SAF Leadership & Orgn Dev Programme (SY5)
• Canadian Forces Joint Command & Staff Cse
• Officer Cadet School 2/89 IOCC
Academic Qualifications
• MSc in HR Mgt & Dev (New York University)
• BSc in Engineering Mgt, USMA (West Point)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
What are your questions on
Values inculcation in the
SAF?
(No “How” questions, please…)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Schien’s Orgn Culture Model
‘culture is the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization that operate
unconsciously and define in a basic “taken for granted” fashion, an organization’s view of its self and its environment’.
Level 1:
Artifacts
Level 2:
Espouse
d Values
Level 3:
Assumptions/
Mental Models
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Why Bother?
• Need effective leaders to lead and
accomplish the mission.
• Moral compass to guide decisionmaking.
• SCV engender trust and common
understanding
=> Shapes accepted behaviours
and build culture.
SAF Core Values = SAF Character
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Scope
• Introduction
• 3 Stages of Values Inculcation
• Measurement of Values
• Key Success Factors
• Q&A
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Challenges
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Challenges
Scope
• Inculcation vs Brain Washing
• One time download vs living out the values
(top of mind awareness)
• Personal vs Organisational Core Values
(Alignment in large organisation)
• “Taught” vs “Caught”
• Hypocrisy in Leadership
• How to measure?
• How to reward?
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SAF 24-7 Leadership Framework
Self
OPERATING
ENVIRONMENT
(social, societal,
cultural, temporal,
technological,
organisational)
Styles
Competencies
Values
MISSION & PURPOSE
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DESIRED
OUTCOMES
(e.g. Will to Fight,
Engagement,
Experience,
Organisational
Learning, Openness
etc.)
Evolution of SAF Core Values (SCV)
• 1967 - Promulgation of “SAF Code of Conduct”
• 1987 - Proposed Values system for Institute of
Excellence (then-COL Peter Ho)
• 1990 - “Officers’ Creed” formalised
• 1996 - Promulgation of SAF Core Values to rank and file
• 1997 - Inclusion of “Care for Soldiers” to SCV
• 2013 – Inclusion of “Safety” to SCV
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Loyalty to Country
• Nation before Self
• Commitment
• Sacrifice
• Defend & Protect
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Leadership
• Leading by Example
• Being True to Self & Others
• Inspiring & Developing Others
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Discipline
• Timely & Precise Execution
• Respect for Military System
• Adherence to Standards
• Regimentation
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Professionalism
• Knowing your job & doing it well
• Learning & Innovation
• Setting & Maintaining Standards
• Excellence
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Fighting Spirit
• Perseverance
• Courage
• Resilience
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Ethics
• Doing the right thing
without fear or favour
• Moral Courage
• Trustworthiness
• Integrity
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Care for Soldiers
• Concern & Empathy
• Tough & Safe Training
• Nurturing & Developing
Others
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Safety
• Perform tasks with
vigilance
• Individual, Team, and
Command responsibility
• Supports Mission
Success & C2D
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SAF Code of Conduct (1967)
1. We will always Honour our Nation. We will do everything to uphold it
and nothing to disgrace it.
2. At all times, we must bear in mind that we are protector of our citizens.
3. We are loyal to the Armed Forces, and we take pride in our unit, our
uniform, our discipline, our work, our training and ourselves.
4. We must be exemplary in our conduct. We respect others and by our
conduct and bearing win the respect of others.
5. We are courageous but not reckless. We are devoted to duty but not
to ourselves.
6. We guard our weapons as we guard secrets.
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
3 Stages of Values Inculcation
Stage 1
Alignment
SAF Core Values
Personal Values
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SAF Mission
3 Stages of Values Inculcation
Adherence
Stage 2
Expedience
Form over Substance
Stage 1
Valuesbased
actions /
choices
Personal Values
Peer Pressure
Alignment
SAF Core Values
Personal Values
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SAF Mission
3 Stages of Values Inculcation
Stage 3
Internalisation
Reasoned
choice &
application of
values
Ethical
Reasoning
Adherence
Stage 2
Expedience
Form over Substance
Stage 1
Valuesbased
actions /
choices
Personal Values
Peer Pressure
Alignment
SAF Core Values
Personal Values
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SAF Mission
Stage 1: Values
Clarification Exercise
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Stage 2: Adherence
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Character Development
Through Sports (CDTS)
Scope
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Core Values
Coursewares
Scope
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Serious Games: Decisive Combat
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Stage 3: Internalisation
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Case Studies: Ethics in Command
Scope
• Srebrenica Ethnic Cleansing (1995)
• Kosovo (1999)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Case Studies: Ethics in Command
Scope
• Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) (1971)
• Commando Dunking Incident (2003)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Stage 3: Internalisation
• Peace-Keeping Operations Scenarios
• Personal sharing of SCV
– (3 to 5 stories)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SCV Resources
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
SCV Resources
S/No Title
Remarks
a. SAF Core Values
Baseline information on the
Handbook & Pocket Guide SAF Core Values.
b.
Leadership & Values
Workbook
Workbook to guide junior
leaders through their
development journey in
command schools.
c.
Stand Fast
Compilation of Stories involving
the SAF Core Values.
d.
Values in Action
Case Studies for Instructors
and Unit Commanders involving
the SAF Core Values.
e.
Leading Our Soldiers Well Case Studies involving
leadership and SAF Core
Values in an Army Battalion.
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Values Measurements
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Developing Leaders Through Feedbacks
All SAF Officers
Individual Development
Action Plan
360
GKS CSC
Executive Coaching
Captain
27-30
360
Executive Coaching
Major
32-35
Lt. Colonel
iPDF
34-36
Executive Coaching
2nd Lieutenant/
Lieutenant
20-22
Experience
Building
• Journaling
360
360
Colonel
38-40
• Reflection
Officer Cadet
Training
19
• Feedback
by Superior
• Comprehensive
Feedback
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
360
Multi-source Leadership
Feedback (MSLF)
IPDF
Improved Peer Development
Feedback
Key Success
Factors
Scope
• Role Model at every level:
- Leaders “Walking the Talk”
- “Espoused Values” vs “Values in Use”.
• Reinforcement:
- Start young
- Consistent reinforcements; Seize every
teachable moment (rationale and
considerations)
- Strong emphasis; Veto in selection
process
• Scaffold programmes:
- In accordance to 3 Stages (Junior to
Senior courses)
SAF Centre for Leadership Development
Questions?
SAF Centre for Leadership Development