Charles I Appoints William Laud
Archbishop of Canterbury
 Catholic “leanings”
 Increased persecution against Puritans
 Increased use of Court of Star Chamber
1639
Scottish Revolt
Charles I (with support of Laud) trying to increase control over
Scotland and Presbyterianism
Scottish sign National Covenant which reaffirmed their support of
Presbyterianism
Scotland won
April 1640 Charles recalled Parliament to ask for $$
Parliament = NO…until he stopped illegal taxation
Charles dismissed Parliament
Nov 1640
Charles I Recalls Parliament
“Long Parliament”
Parliament determined to restrict Charles’ power
Puritans begin “cleaning house”
Removal of William Laud
beheaded in 1645
Triennial Act
Grand Remonstrance
lasted 20 years
• Charles I “invades Parliament” to arrest
5 Puritan leaders
 “I see all the birds are flown”
• Symbolic beginning of English Civil War
CAVALIERS
•“Royalists”
•Support Charles I
•Opposed to Puritans
•Military experience
ROUNDHEADS
•Support Parliament
•$$$$$$$
June 1642
Parliament sent Charles I
the ”19 Propositions”
CHARLES REJECTED THE “19
PROPOSITIONS” feared they were
an attempt to destroy the monarchy
WAR!!
SO HE GOT…
ROUNDHEADS
Short hair to oppose the
long curly locks of the
aristocracy
Oliver Cromwell
New Model Army
>>”Red Uniforms”
1642
Edge Hill
Fought to a draw
1644
Marston Moor
Charles lost control of Northern England
Combined armies of Parliament and Scotland
Charles defeated
Charles did not recover from this defeat
1646 Charles surrenders to Scotland, in hopes of getting Scotland
to turn on English Parliament
Scotland sold Charles back to Parliament in 1647
Roundheads were divided on what to do with Charles
Majority of Roundheads favored Charles as king with limited powers
Minority of Roundheads wanted to get rid of Charles
Oliver Cromwell led the INDEPENDENTS
Nov 1647
Charles tried to take advantage of the division and
escaped and resumed the war
Battle of Preston
Charles suffered final defeat
“nail in his coffin”
December 1648 – “Pride’s Purge”
Cromwell kicked out all but 75 members of
Parliament
1)abolish monarchy
2)found Charles guilty of treason
COMMONWEALTH created (republic)
Parliament controlled by Gentry (Lords/wealthy Landowners)
Church of England became more “Puritanish”
Catholics were exiled to western Ireland
Silenced the “Levellers” (poor should be equal to Gentry)
Cromwell’s power continued to increase
Dissolved Parliament (1653)
Cromwell felt Parliament had betrayed the “godly”
Cromwell feared Parliament elections would allow “ungodly” to serve
est. “Military Dictatorship”
LORD PROTECTOR
o Establish “GODLINESS”
o “Sunday Supremacy”
no cussing, drinking, smoking, dancing, cutting
hair, etc…
o Closed theaters
o No “Hully Gully” dancing
o Encouraged education
o Reduced civil rights
o Jailed w/out trial
o Divided England into 11 districts
each ruled by a general
**he became what he had hated**
-- Oliver Cromwell died in 1658
-- England tired of Puritan dictatorship
re-established Parliament
-- 1660 Parliament made Charles II king
”Merry Monarch”
”Restoration”
monarchy, parliament, fun
agreed to respect Parliament and abide by the Petition of Right