METU/SFL
Dept.of B.E.
Repeat Group
April 2017
WEEKEND HOMEWORK III
PART A. GENERAL VOCABULARY REVISION
I.
Circle the best choice.
Today, it seems there is no limit to the promises of genetic engineering.
Along with the many benefits of genetic research, however, there are plenty
of dangers and risks involved whenever scientists (1) interfere / withdraw /
conform with the basic structures of life. Therefore, with its new and
(2)consistent / radical / sustainable applications in various fields of science,
genetic engineering has become a (3) instantaneous / complementary /
debatable subject, causing disputes and raising certain ethical (4) patterns / goals / issues. To
illustrate, scientists have successfully engineered a new species of a fish which grows twenty
percent faster than ordinary fish. However, they do not know the possible (5) innovations /
consequences / features of creating such “improved” species. The new species might destroy all
the other fish in the oceans or they may die out from some genetic weakness that scientists may
not have thought about (6) previously / primarily / literally. Another example comes from the
manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industry, microorganisms are changed so that they will
produce desired substances or perform desired functions. Because these creatures are too small to
be seen without microscopes and (7) range / tend / acquire to reproduce rapidly, their potential
for creating hazards is great. One of the greatest dangers of altered microorganisms is their
tendency to (8) restrict / undergo / react spontaneous mutations. When organisms change
spontaneously, they change into different organisms without any outside effect. Some critics
worry that such an application could get out of control, (9) attempting / spreading / demanding
new, incurable diseases or destroying agricultural crops. Another example of a genetic technique
that may soon have implications for genetics is amniocentesis, a procedure for
(10) determining / creating / seeking the sex of a fetus. With the help of genetic engineering,
by changing the genes on a single chromosome, the sex of a baby could be changed while it is
still in the womb. However, many sociologists fear that in some underdeveloped societies,
families will start to select boy babies. This will bring (11) conventional / prevalent / inevitable
results not only for those countries but the world itself. In brief, the application of genetics in
different fields of science seems to present a completely new set of ethical problems to be
discussed and resolved.
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II. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in parentheses by using a prefix or
suffix. Be careful with the singular or plural forms.
La Sagrada Familia, Antoni Gaudi’s unfinished masterpiece, is one of Barcelona's major tourist
attractions. The (1)__________________ (popular) of the church seems to be based largely on its
architectural magnificence.
In the early 1880s, some religious groups from Barcelona expressed their (2)________________
(criticize), saying that their city was moving away from Christianity, and they set up an
organization whose goal was to end this de-christianization of Barcelona. The mayor accepted
their proposal for the (3)__________________ (construct) of a new church, and work on it
started in 1882.
One year later, Antoni Gaudi, a modernist, took over the project as the lead architect at the age of
31. He made a highly (4)__________________ (create) and (5)__________________ (usual)
design without being affected at all by the common design patterns of the time. However, he
could not finish what he had started because he died in an accident, and La Sagrada Familia
remained (6)__________________ (finish).
After Gaudi’s (7)__________________ (die), the government stopped building the church due to
the lack of funds and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The construction started again in the
mid-1950s. That La Sagrada Familia is still far from finished is this remarkable church is
definitely worth a visit. You can visit Gaudi’s monumental grave as well as the
(8)__________________ (centre) building, with its giant, tree-like pillars. You can also visit the
towers. An elevator and a long walk lead you to the top of a tower, from where you have a
magnificent view over Barcelona. A museum within the church narrates its history and tells the
story of its great architect.
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Big brothers and sisters usually develop (9)_____________________ (leader) tendencies early in
life, mainly because of the (10)_____________________ (responsible) for younger siblings
given to them by their parents. However, if the older sibling takes that role to an extreme, he or
she can become a tyrannical adult. Studies on nearly 3,000 people conducted by Walter Toman,
former professor of psychology at Brandels University in Massachusetts, have found that under
normal
circumstances,
firstborns
are
usually
the
most
strongly
motivated
toward
(11)_____________________ (achieve). He maintains that this is mainly the result of
(12)_____________________
(parent) expectations. This and other research suggest that
firstborn children generally become more conservative than their siblings because they receive
most of the discipline. Being used to taking care of others, they are more likely to move toward
professions that require leadership, such as teaching and politics. Furthermore, they may have
(13)_____________________ (difficult) in making close friends since they are less social and
flexible. By contrast, the researchers say later children are more likely to be more relaxed and
sociable than the eldest child because their parents were more relaxed while raising them.
However, the later children are often less (14)_____________________ (ambition) and are
uncomfortable while making decisions for others. According to researchers, this may help explain
why younger siblings tend to favor (15)_____________________ (create) fields such as music,
art, or writing. Later children often make good salespeople too because the skill of
(16)_____________________ (persuade) may have been the only tool they had to counteract the
power of the eldest. Younger children tend to remain forever 'the baby' ,and they can become
(17)_____________________ (depend) on others. While birth order is clearly one of the many
factors that affects development, its impact should not be (18)_____________________
(estimate). "When people understand how their birth order causes them to react, they do not find
change so threatening," says Lucille Forer, a clinical psychologist in Malibu, California, who has
written extensively on the subject. An understanding of birth order can sometimes help to solve
out our problems more easily.
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PART B. CLOZE TEST
Read the text below on organic farming and fill each gap with ONE word only.
Contractions such as don’t, can’t count as one word.
Organic farming refers to a method of farming in which no chemicals or pesticides are used to
grow plants or raise animals. It is an agricultural system (1)_____________________ seeks to
provide the consumer with fresh, tasty and authentic food while respecting natural life-cycle
systems. It is considered to (2) _____________________ an environmentally friendly way to
farm. Whether it is out of a desire for tasty and authentic food, or to contribute
(3)_____________________ the protection of the environment, the statistics show organic
consumption is on the rise.
When food is raised organically, the land does not become polluted by chemicals. Also, it is
believed that people are less (4)_____________________ to get sick from organic food than food
grown conventionally.
So why are chemicals and pesticides used if they (5)_____________________ good for the land
or for us? The main reason is that fruits and vegetables that have been treated with pesticides are
not usually eaten (6)_____________________ insects, which increases crop production. This
means that more food is made available at a lower cost. (7)_____________________, the use of
chemicals and pesticides, especially in developing countries, is regarded as a solution for hunger.
On the other hand, parents need to be extremely careful (8)_____________________ choosing
fresh food for their children because children’s tolerance levels for chemicals are believed to be
much lower than (9)_____________________
of adults. The chemicals found in some foods
may make children sick. Doctors recommend that only foods that have been grown organically
(10)_____________________
be given to children until they weigh at least thirty-two
kilograms. This recommendation is fairly easy follow as many organic products are now sold in
regular grocery stores.
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PART C. LOGICAL SEQUENCE
1. It is an undeniable fact that some new scientific or technological advances, though useful, may
have unpleasant side effects. __________.
a) Therefore, the more such advances are made, the fewer side effects there will be
b) However, they may not seem important when we consider the magnitude of such progress
c) For instance, the trouble is, it is not always easy to tell what the side effects will be
d) Moreover, the tendency is to warn the world about the dangers of such side effects
2. Violence is one of the most pressing problems facing not just metropolitan areas, but almost
every major urban center across the country. Although many people demand more police
control and more deterring ways of punishment to curtail the problem of violence in society,
__________.
a) crime arises in the poorest areas of cities
b) prisons are supposed to correct the wrong attitudes of people
c) there is no proof that these sort of simple solutions will work
d) people react violently when they lose their hope of a better future
3. One of the main problems with solar energy is that the cost of installing a solar heating and
cooling system in buildings is high. Consequently, __________ .
a) it is considered an important alternative to meet the present day energy needs
b) it is not necessary to turn to different energy sources
c) it may not be the preferred energy source in the near future
d) it can provide more energy than needed at present
4. The discovery of iron and its uses had a significant impact on the lives of early mankind.
__________
a) Naturally, early communities preferred to use stone rather than iron.
b) In fact, its influence was so great that a whole period is called the Iron Age.
c) Therefore, the Iron Age is an archaeological era, referring to a period of time in the
prehistory
d) For instance, the development of civilisation has relied heavily on the discovery of metals.
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5. There are numerous advantages of using atomic energy; therefore, many countries are trying to
invest in atomic energy as an alternative to the burning of fossil fuels in spite of the fact that
__________ .
a) its waste materials are potentially dangerous
b) fossil fuels are limited in supply
c) fossil fuels cause pollution
d) nuclear accidents are not very common
6. The majority of U.S. cotton is currently produced under non-irrigated fields. However, with
rising production costs and the devastating effect of drought on yield, improving irrigation
water management in the drier areas is becoming increasingly essential. One of the main
advantages of the irrigation of cotton is that irrigation increases the length of the cotton fibres.
Furthermore, __________.
a) another plant which needs irrigation is rice
b) the irrigation of wheat, on the other hand, is necessary during dry seasons
c) U.S. cotton is currently marketed world-wide
d) properly managed irrigation provides more consistent yield from year to year
7. Allowing workers to start and stop work at the times that suit them best provided that they
work a total of forty hours per week is a practice known as flexitime. Flexitime arrangements
have several advantages. For example, __________ .
a) at many companies such arrangements have been made and the results are quite successful
b) single workers who do not have to run a house can choose to work less
c) managers are not faced with objections as each worker earns as much as he deserves
d) workers can choose to work during the hours when they will be most productive
8. In Britain, there are hundreds of schools, colleges and universities, including some of the
most famous ones in the world. Most schools in the country are financed by the state. They are
free and compulsory for the children between the ages of 5 - 16. Nevertheless, _________.
a) these are financed by the students
b) about 5 per cent of the school-age children are sent to private schools
c) many have previously attended play schools or nursery schools
d) in the first five years at a secondary school, the pupils have a set timetable of subjects
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WEEKEND HOMEWORK III
ANSWER KEY
PART A.
I.
II.
1. interfere
2. radical
3. debatable
4. issues
5. consequences
6. previously
7. tend
8. undergo
9. spreading
10. determining
11. inevitable
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
popularity
criticism(s)
construction
creative
unusual
unfinished
death
central
9. leadership
10. responsibilities
11. achievement
12. parental
13. difficulty
14. ambitious
15. creative
16. persuasion
17. dependent
18. underestimated
PART B.
I.
1. which / that
2. be
3. to
4. likely
5. aren’t
6. by
7. Therefore / Thus / Hence
8. when
9. those
10. should / must
PART C.
1. b
2. c
3.c
4.b
5. a
7
6. d
7. d
8. b