SITE PLANNING
NYC Zoning
Historical Overview
Site Planning
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Prof.Paul.King
Historical timeline
•
Site Planning
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Prof.Paul.King
1916
* 1st zoning ordinance
* establish regulations:
-district
-story
-conforming vs. nonconforming use
-zoning envelope
-sky exposure plane
-street wall height
* yard + bldg coverage
-lot coverage
-lot area
-setback
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/zonehis.shtml
1961
* Incentive zoning
* establish regulations:
-FAR
-density
-dwelling unit
-air rights
-variance
* aesthetics
-Landmarks
Preservation 1965
-Midtown zoning 1982
* Quality housing
* Contextual Zoning
Today
* establish regulations:
-Buildable Area
-conditional use
-single versus
“multiple dwelling
“unit
* Environmental impact
statement
* Planned Unit
Development (PUD)
Historical Background
•NYC Zoning Ordinance of
1916 – first in US
•Zoning ordinance a law or
regulation by which a
government exercises its police
power in regulating and
controlling the character and use
of property.
•for the sake of public welfare,
order, and security.
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www.ci.redding.ca.us
Zoning Purposes
•Exclusivity of Fifth Avenue
– no garment industries/lofts
– to protect property values
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www.gmu.edu
Zoning Purposes
•prevent large skyscrapers, 120 Broadway
Equitable Life Building 537ft tall (40 story)
•healthy, well-planned city
Site Planning
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Zoning Provisions
1. system of mapped districts of
height, area and use
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•
District any section of a city in
which the zoning regulations are
uniform
•
3 basic types of districts—
residential, commercial,
manufacturing (R,C,M)
•
Story the vertical portion of a
building between the surface of
any floor and the surface of the
floor above.
tiptoniowa.org
Zoning Provisions
Site Planning
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•Conforming use
the lawful use of a building or lot that
complies with the applicable zoning
ordinance.
•Non-conforming use
use does not conform or meet the
current applicable zoning
•Grandfathered use
acceptable use has changed since a
building was built and no longer
confirms to current zoning. Such
non-conforming uses may be
grandfathered in and are therefore
acceptable
ssvawebs.com
Zoning Resolution of 1999
•Non-conforming use
a particular use of land or a
structure which is in violation of
the current applicable zoning
ordinance.
If the use was established prior
to the ordinance, it may be
“Grandfathered” and continue
to exist.
Site Planning
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co.jefferson.co.us
Zoning Provisions
New buildings were to fit an
imaginary envelope based on
size of lots and location on a block
in order to provide adequate
light and air to the street
Zoning envelope
the established volume in which a
building may be legally be placed.
Length x Width x Height
Site Planning
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Glossary of Terms : NYC Zoning
•
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http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/glossary.shtml
Zoning Resolution of 1999
New Zoning Envelope
•Zoning envelope
the volume within which a
building may be legally be
placed.
•The updated zoning envelope
after 1916 created “Wedding
Cake” building setbacks.
Site Planning
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Wsu.edu
Zoning Provisions
Each district had a maximum street wall height.
•street wall height is the height of building at the street lot line
Site Planning
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Prof.Paul.King
WSU.edu
Zoning Provisions
Building setbacks and the
sky exposure plane, were designed
to provide light and air at street
level in medium and higher density
districts.
•Setback the minimum legal
distance between a property line
and a structure
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•Sky exposure plane a theoretical
inclined plane, through which the
volume of a building may not
penetrate
WSU.edu
Zoning Provisions
Sky exposure plane
The Grace building on 42nd street
between 5th and 6th avenues in
Manhattan across from Bryant
Park slopes gracefully back in a
smooth curve to remain within the
Sky Exposure Plane
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WSU.edu
Zoning Provisions
Skyscrapers were allowed to
be any height if they occupied
less than 25% of the lot
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etsu.edu