Periodic Table Notes
History
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Modern
Periodic Table
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Groups/
Families
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Periods
Symbols/
Names
PEROPERTIES
Hydrogen
Stands Apart
Group 1:
ALKALI METALS
Groups: 2 – 16
Group 17:
Halogens
Group 18:
Noble Gases
Atomic
Structures
Bohr Model
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Dimitri Mendeleev (1860s)
Noticed patterns when elements were arranged in
order of increasing ___________________________________
Noticed blank spaces left on his table and concluded
they were spaces for ________________________________
(early 1900s to present)
Arranged in order of increasing
________________________________________ (# of protons)
Up & down
Columns
Elements in a group/family have ______________________
because they have the same number of
_______________________________
Side to side
Rows
Atoms in the same period have the same number of
_______________________________
Symbols always have ONE capital letter
Original names of some elements from Latin, Greek or
other origin – remains in symbol
Valence electrons (VE) = _____
Reactivity = __________________
Colorless, odorless gas at room temp; low density
Valence Electrons (VE) = _____
Reactivity = __________________
Soft, silver colored, shiny, low density
Reactivity = decreases then slowly increases from left to
right
Valence Electrons (VE) = _____
Reactivity = __________________
Poor conductors, react violently with alkali metals to
form salts, never found uncombined in nature
Valence Electrons (VE) = _____
EXCEPTION: _____has _____VEs
Reactivity = __________________
Colorless, odorless gases at room temp
Valence
Electrons
Valence
Electrons and
Periodic Table
Patterns
Each energy level can hold a specific # of electrons
Level 1 (closest to nucleus) = 2 e- max
Level 2 = 8 e- max
Level 3 = 8 e- max
Electrons located in the ______________________________
VERY important because they determine an element’s
___________________________
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They have the ___________________________________ and
are involved when elements form _____________________
Group #
# VEs
Reactivity
1
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2
13
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14
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15
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16
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17
Electron Dot
Diagrams
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Octet Rule
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18
Show
the # of
VEs of
an
element
The rule of 8
Atoms are stable when they have a
_______________________ __________________________
(they “want” a complete octet)
They will _______________________________________ in
order to reach 8 valence electrons
A full outermost energy level of electrons =
________________
Noble gases already have a full octet! STABLE! NOBLE!
Atoms on the LEFT of the Periodic Table tend to
____________ their VEs to get to a full outer energy level
Atoms on the RIGHT side tend to ____________ VEs to get
a full octet