Surface Energy Fluxes
Hydrology
Biogeochemical Cycles
Community Land Model (CLM)
Ref for Models and Diagrams: <http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/clm/> Downloaded on 13Sept2016
Oleson, K.W., D.M. Lawrence, G.B. Bonan, B. Drewniak, M. Huang, C.D. Koven, S. Levis, F. Li, W.J. Riley, Z.M. Subin, S.C. Swenson, P.E. Thornton, A. Bozbiyik, R. Fisher,
E. Kluzek, J.-F. Lamarque, P.J. Lawrence, L.R. Leung, W. Lipscomb, S. Muszala, D.M. Ricciuto, W. Sacks, Y. Sun, J. Tang, Z.-L. Yang, 2013: Technical Description of
version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (CLM). Ncar Technical Note NCAR/TN-503+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 422 pp, DOI:
10.5065/D6RR1W7M
Evaporation
Sun-Energy runs the system
Evaporation
Sea
Evaporation
Wetland
Glacier
Runoff
River
Routing
River discharge
Urban
Deforestation
Decomposition
Ice/Snow
Lake
Evaporation
Propagation
Competition
Vegetation
Dynamics
Land use
Change
Growth
Decomposition
Evaporation
Sun-Energy runs the system
Evaporation
Sea
Evaporation
Wetland
Glacier
Runoff
River
Routing
River discharge
Urban
Deforestation
Decomposition
Ice/Snow
Lake
Evaporation
Propagation
Competition
Vegetation
Dynamics
Land use
Change
Growth
Decomposition
Evaporation
Energy is converted
by
Photosynthesis of
Green plants, Algae
& Cyanobacteria
Sun-Energy runs the system
Evaporation
Sea
Evaporation
Wetland
Glacier
Runoff
River
Routing
River discharge
Urban
Deforestation
Decomposition
Ice/Snow
Lake
Land use
Change
Evaporation
Propagation
Competition
Vegetation
Dynamics
Growth
Decomposition
Humans get this energy and a great service FREE
Freely received energy of the Sun is converted and used at different stages, but not wasted !
Humans get this great service also FREE
Without Microorganisms, geochemical cycles will be stopped and the
natural balance of the ecosystem is completely destroyed
Man is the most dangerous animal who damages the ecosystem’s
natural balance, but natural balance will recover by damaging the man
who cannot understand that Homo sapiens is part of the nature !
What is an Ecosystem?
A general definition
“A community of living organisms in conjunction
with the nonliving components of their environment,
interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic
components are regarded as linked together
through biogeochemical cycles and energy flows”
Evaporation
Ice/Snow
Sun-Energy runs the system
Evaporation
Runoff
Evaporation
Sea
River discharge
Decomposition
Lake
Deforestation
Propagation
Competition
River
Routing
Wetland
Urban
Evaporation
Glacier
Vegetation
Dynamics
Land use
Change
Growth
Decomposition
The Biological ecosystem is in a balanced state
Human activities (of some groups) seriously affect this natural balance!
But, nature retaliates ! – Global warming, Sea-level rise, Pesticidechemical poisoning, Land-erosion, Desertification, Polluted air & water
We compare the assumed “University Ecosystem” with this well established and
balanced Biological Ecosystem on how to achieve a balanced & sustainable status
Biological Ecosystem - As applicable to global environment
Freely received energy of the Sun is converted and
used at different stages, but not wasted !
Humans get this energy, a great service of sun at zero cost
Non-living resources – Air, water & soil
Humans get these resources also at zero cost
Without Microorganisms, geochemical cycles will be stopped and the
natural balance of the ecosystem is completely destroyed
Humans get this great service also FREE
Man is the most dangerous animal who damages the ecosystem’s
natural balance, but natural balance will recover by damaging the man
Humans duty is to protect the nature for their own survival
Applying the general definition Ecosystem
to University setup
“A community of knowledge seekers of all ages and the
society in conjunction with the nonliving components of
their environment, interacting as a system
These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as
linked together through team-work, collaborations,
commitment, ethics, accountability, academic
freedom
with
responsibility,
R&D,
culture,
satisfaction, good governance, trust and knowledge
flows including knowledge use and knowledge creation”
General definition of natural ecosystem –
“A community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving
components of their environment, interacting as a system.
These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through
biogeochemical cycles and energy flows”
Similarities of definitions
Natural and University ecosystems
General definition of natural ecosystem –
“A community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving
components of their environment, interacting as a system.
These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through
biogeochemical cycles and energy flows”
Living organisms = knowledge seekers of all ages and
the
society
biogeochemical cycles = team-work, collaborations,
commitment, ethics, accountability, academic
freedom with responsibility, R&D, culture,
satisfaction, good governance, trust
energy
= knowledge
energy flows = knowledge flows including knowledge use
and knowledge creation
Biological Ecosystem
University Ecosystem
Freely received energy of the Sun
is converted and used at different
stages, but not wasted !
System can be affected by other
energy sources such as nuclear
energy, Geo-thermal energy
Accumulated Knowledge including
traditional knowledge is freely
available, and not wasted !
System can create new
knowledge, use, transmit, update
and accumulate knowledge
Humans get this energy and a great
service FREE
Humans get this essential service partially
FREE + cost of management, storage, retrieval
and transmission
Non-living resources –
Air, water & soil
Humans get these resources FREE
Humans get these resources NOT-FREE
A heavy cost is involved
Biological Ecosystem
Without Microorganisms, geochemical
cycles will be stopped and the
natural balance of the ecosystem is
completely destroyed
Humans get this great service also FREE
Man is the most dangerous animal who
damages the ecosystem’s
natural balance, but natural balance will
regain by damaging the man
Humans duty is protecting the nature for
their own survival
University Ecosystem
Without the society, funding and/or tax
payers’ funds and/or knowledge seekers
course-fees cannot be obtained and the
natural balance of the ecosystem is
seriously affected.
Knowledge seekers are from the society.
Humans get this great service NOT-FREE
HR (Academics, Students, Support staff)
are completely responsible for
maintaining the University ecosystem’s
natural balance. If it becomes
imbalanced, it is very difficult to recover
Humans duty is protecting their own
organization for their own survival
Biological Ecosystem and University Ecosystem
* Both ecosystems are complicated
* University ecosystem can be adopted and
developed according to a balanced and sustainable
Biological ecosystem
* In the Biological ecosystem the invisible
microorganisms play the most important part in
running biogeochemical cycles, while in the University
ecosystem the visible component ie. human resource
of the university has the highest responsibility for the
system
Biological Ecosystem and University Ecosystem Contd…..
* Both ecosystems are required to be balanced and
sustained
* Humans are components of both systems and any
damage to the system is caused by humans in the
system
* team-work, collaborations, commitment, ethics,
accountability, academic freedom with responsibility,
R&D, culture, satisfaction, good governance, trust are
extremely important to the University ecosystem in
the same way as Biogeochemical cycles are essential
for the Biological or Natural system ecosystem
Biological Ecosystem and University Ecosystem Contd…..
• Global Biological ecosystem consists has subecosystems (deep sea, lagoon, lake, tropical
forests, desert, grassland etc),
• General university ecosystem also has subecosystems (campus, research institute, school,
faculty, division etc).
• Energy transformation in Biological ecosystem is by
green photosynthetic organisms,
• The Knowledge transformation and creation in the
university ecosystem is done by academics who are
researchers
Knowledge
transformation
and
creation in the university ecosystem
develops
the
Knowledge-society
which is not so visible to the society
but results in overall well-being of
the society
NODES Access Centre (NAC) Locations
Access
 Farmers are accessing for
the Lessons through
1.
22
7
14
2.
NAC s located all around
the country
Nenasala
3.
Personal computers.
5
11
9
18
15
13
8
10
20
1
21
2 16
19
3
6
17
12
4
Network Operation Centre
Good example of a sustainable university sub-ecosystem in
University of Colombo Institute for Agro-technology and
Rural Sciences (UCIARS) in Sri Lanka with the concept of
community engagement
Producers
(Academic Staff,
Scientists , Resource
Persons and lab
staff)
Products
TC Banana
And Degree
program for
farming
community
SubEcosystem
of UCIARS
Consumers
(Farming
Community,
Agricultural
Entrepreneurs
And Student
Farmers)
TCB is widely known as a notable success case
Farm income increase & giving community services
1
Technology transfer through
tissue culture banana (TCB)
•
•
•
3
2
Rural
Entrepreneurship
Development(RED )
Agro-technology
Diploma Course,
Agro-technology
Degree Course and
L3F
Major
activities
of the
Institute
Create a productive and sustainable
Agriculture Development
Rural Development through
entrepreneur skills
Creation of agricultural
entrepreneurs
•
•
New agro-technologies to
entire nation
Knowledge based agriculture
economy
Technology transfer
New agro-technologies are introduced to rural
community by giving tissue-cultured banana
plants
Technology transfer cont.
Tissue culture
technology was
successfully adapted by
Weligatta village girls
Presently 20,000 plants
per month are being
produced
The laboratory is totally
managed by the village
girls
Technology transfer cont.
Regular Monitoring and Evaluating fields on tissue
cultured banana is done by the institute
Currently about 5000 farmers are involving with the
institute
Improvement of income generation by
about 15-20 folds
Improvement of facilities of farmers.
(Number of farmers having vehicles,
farm equipments, etc)
Technology transfer cont.
A farmer in Sooriyawewa
involving with the institute has
obtain Rs 1.6 million (13000USD)
from 1 ha tissue culture banana
field within one harvest
Able to Introduce tissue cultured Banana to North
and East of Sri Lanka
Jaffna
Kilinochchi
• First ever on-line academic program for farming
community in Sri Lanka
• Introduction of IT for grass root level people
Peer interaction
Accessing the lessons
through computer
Field practical
Lab practical
Special features of the course
 The course is designed for the job creators
not for the job seekers
 Knowledge and technology is given directly
for the end-users
 They immediately apply gained knowledge
to their cultivations
Mangalika, Bandarawela
Irangani, Bandarawela
RED Program………..
Sepalika’s Eco-tourism site - Dambulla
RED Program………..
Frank’s Coconut and Papaya Field- Kurunegala
Recommendations from UCIARS for good
University ecosystem
* Visionary leadership
* State funding + generated income
* Community engaged in education and research
* Development of entrepreneur students
* Balancing of environment & infrastructure
* Empowerment with knowledge (information systems)
* Well-being of the society