9/28/2009
Shenandoah: Comprehensive Native Plants List With Wildlife Benefits
NOTE: Botanical and common names in bold denote plants deserving particular mention for having exceptional wildlife benefit.
Deciduous Shade Trees
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Size
Flower/Fruit
Description/Remarks
AN
AR
AC
AS
BA
BL
Acer negundo - confirm this is native - MleaBoxelder
thinks this is from asia
Acer rubrum
Red Maple
Acer saccharinum
Silver Maple
Acer saccharum
Sugar Maple
Betula alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
Betula lenta
Sweet Birch
BN
CA
CL
Betula nigra
Carpinus caroliniana
Carya alba
River Birch
Hornbeam
Mockernut Hickory
CY
CI
CG
Carya cordiformis
Carya illinoinensis
Carya glabra
Bitternut Hickory
Pecan
Pignut Hickory
CD
Carya ovata
Castanea dentata
Shagbark Hickory
American Chestnut
CO
Celtis occidentalis
Hackberry
purple drupe
sun to part shade
DV
Diospyros virginiana
Persimmon
orange fruit
sun, moist soil
FG
Fagus grandifolia
American Beech
FA
Fraxinus americana
White Ash
FP
GT
GD
JC
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
Gymnocladus dioica
Juglans cinera
Green Ash
Thornless Common Honeysuckle
Kentucky Coffeetree
Butternut
JN
Juglans nigra
Black Walnut
nut
LS
Liquidamber styraciflua
Sweet Gum
winged seed balls
LT
MA
MG
MM
MT
Liriodenderon tulipifera
Magnolia acuminata
Magnolia grandiflora
Magnolia macrophylla
Magnolia tripetala
Tulip Poplar
Cucumbertree Magnolia
Southern Magnolia
Bigleaf Magnolia
Umbrella Magnolia
NS
PO
PB
Nyssa sylvatica
Platanus occidentalis
Populus balsamifera
Black Gum/Black Tupelo
Sycamore
Balsam Poplar
PS
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
QA
QB
QC
Quercus alba
Quercus bicolor
Quercus coccinea
White Oak
Swamp White Oak
Scarlet Oak
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
2 1/2" - 3" dbh
racemes, corymbs/samara
red, SP/samara
red, SP/ samara
samara, F
catkins
catkins
sun to part shade, moist soil
part shade, slow grower
Seeds: evening grosbeak, purple finch
Seeds & Sap: chickadees, robin, cardinal, finches, chipmunk, deer
Buds: evening grosbeak
Nesting Sites: robin, white-eyed vireo. Foliage Insects: oriole, wren, warbler
Seeds: goldfinch, junco, pine siskin, chickadees, (at least 12 bird species total)
Yes
Fruit, Sap, Buds & Foliage: ducks, nuthatches, chickadees, finches, pine siskin, redpolls, fox &
tree sparrows, rabbit, butterflies
Seeds, Buds & Foliage: wood duck, ruffed grouse, quail, beaver, squirrel, deer, butterflies
seeds
nut
seeds
part shade
well-drained soil, deep taproot, not VA native
part shade to shade
Nuts, Sap & Foliage: woodpeckers, blue jay, nuthatches, warblers, cardinal, chipmunk
Nuts: wood duck, (at least 10 bird species total)
Yes
seeds
nuts
sun to part shade, deep taproot
hard to find
Nuts: carolina chickadee, pine warbler, white-breasted nuthatch, rufous-sided towhee, squirrels
Yes
Fruit, Twigs & Foliage: northern flicker, northern mockingbird, cardinal, mourning dove, quail,
bluebird, catbird, thrushes, sparrows, (at least 24 bird species total), squirrel, deer, butterflies
Fruit: woodpeckers, northern bobwhite, mockingbird, robin, cedar waxwing, gray catbird, bluebird,
eastern phoebe, other birds, opossum, skunk, fox, deer
Nuts, Sap & Buds: wood duck, quail, woodpeckers, blue jay, northern bobwhite, cedar waxwing,
tufted titmouse, chickadees, nuthatches, (at least 25 bird species total)
Seeds & Foliage: finches, grosbeaks, wood duck, red-winged blackbird, purple finch, squirrel,
deer, butterflies
Seeds & Foliage: wood duck, bobwhite, finches, grosbeaks, red-winged blackbird, squirrel, deer,
butterflies
catkins
catkins/seeds
seeds
nut
2 1/2" - 3" dbh
samara
samara
pods
pods on females
nut
yellow, SP
yellow, SP/pink-red, F
white, SP/rose, F
white, S/rose fruit
white, S/rose fruit
2 1/2" - 3" dbh
sun, moist soil, short-lived
sun to part shade, fall color
invasive roots, weak-limbed
sun to part shade, fall color
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, best fall color of birches
Wildlife Benefits
sun to part shade, leaves persist
sun to part shade, purplish fall color
sun to part shade, yellow fall color
yellow fall color
sun, moist soil
sun, moist soil, valuable wood
sun to part shade, fall color
sun to part shade, yellow fall color
sun to part shade, well-drained soil, broad
sun to part shade, not native to Virginia
sun to part shade, fragrant, broad
coarse
bluish berries
winged seed balls
sun to part shade, red fall color
sun/shade, rapid grower, tall, wet soil
sun, dry to well-drained soil
white/black berries
sun
acorns
acorns
biennial acorns
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, moist soil, scarlet fall color
Nuts: carolina wren, red-bellied woodpecker, chickadees, nuthatches
Nuts & Foliage: woodpeckers, chickadees, blue jay, warblers, junco, Carolina wren, squirrel,
butterflies
Seeds: red-winged blackbird, bobwhite, mourning dove, cardinal, evening grosbead, Carolina
wren, finches, junco, (at least 21 bird species total), beaver, squirrel, chipmunk
Seeds, Sap, Nectar & Foliage: chickadees, woodpeckers, cardinal, finches, ruby-throated
hummingbird, butterflies, honeybees
Fruit: insects and the birds that eat them, pileated woodpecker
Berries: wood duck, thrushes, woodpeckers, Eastern kingbird, northern flicker, rose-breasted
grosbeak, scarlet tanager, cedar waxwing, squirrel, racoon, opossum
Seeds & Nesting Cavitites: finches, squirrel
Buds: ruffed grouse
Berries, Sap & Foliage: thrushes, northern flicker, northern mockingbird, orioles, tanagers, crows,
grosbeaks, woodpeckers, white-throated sparrow, (at least 47 bird species total), deer, squirrel,
rabbit, butterflies
Acorns & Foliage: quail, turkey, grouse, ducks, woodpeckers, grackle, blue jay, brown thrasher,
northern flicker, towhee, nuthatch, titmice, squirrel, chipmunk, raccoon, gopher, opossum, deer,
butterflies
same as White Oak
same as White Oak
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 1
9/28/2009
QF
QL
QI
QP
QH
QN
QR
QS
QV
RP
SN
Quercus falcata
Quercus ilicifolia
Quercus imbricaria
Quercus palustris
Quercus phellos
Quercus prinus
Quercus rubra
Quercus stellata
Quercus velutina
Robinia pseudoacadia
Salix nigra
Southern Red Oak
Bear Oak
Shingle Oak
Pin Oak
Willow Oak
Chestnut Oak
Northern Red Oak
Post Oak
Black Oak
Black Locust
Black Willow
SA
TA
Sassafras albidum
Tilia americana
Sassafras
American Linden, Basswood
2 1/2" - 3" dbh
acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
white, late SP, pods
blue berries
white, S
sun
sun, leaves persist
sun, red fall color
sun, yellowish fall color
sun to part shade, yellowish-brown fall color
sun, red fall color
sun
sun
sun to part shade, fragrant, thorns
sun to part shade, wet soil
sun to part shade, autumn color
sun to part shade, fragrant
Acorns & Nest Sites: hawks, northern bobwhite, grackle, brown thrasher, red-headed woodpecker
same as White Oak
same as White Oak
same as White Oak
same as White Oak
same as White Oak, black bear
same as White Oak
same as White Oak
same as White Oak, bobwhite, rufous-sided towhee
Foliage: butterflies
Buds, Twigs & Foliage: grouse, beaver, deer
Fruit & Foliage: quail, eastern kingbird, catbird, flycatchers, mockingbird, pileated woodpeckers,
eastern bluebird, (at least 22 bird species total), butterflies
Nectar: honeybees (makes a mint-flavored honey)
Deciduous Ornamental Trees
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Size
Flower/Fruit
Description/Remarks
AP
Aesculus pavia
Red Buckeye
AB
Amelanchier arborea
Downy Serviceberry
AC
Amelanchier canadensis
Serviceberry
AL
AT
CD
Amelanchier laevis
Asimina triloba
Cercis canadensis
Allegheny Serviceberry
Pawpaw
Eastern Redbud
CH
Chionanthus virginicus
White Fringetree
Cladrastis kentukea (lutea)
American Yellow-wood
CA
Cornus alternifolia
Pagoda Dogwood
CF
Cornus florida
Flowering Dogwood
CG
CM
CP
CV
FA
HD
HT
HV
Crataegus crusgalli
Crataegus marshallii
Crataegus phaenopyrum
Crataegus viridis 'Winter King'
Franklinia alatamaha
Halesia diptera
Halesia carolina
Hamamelis virginiana
Cockspur Hawthorn
Parsley Hawthorn
Washington Hawthorn
Winter King Green Hawthorn
Franklinia
Two-winged Silverbell
Carolina Silverbell
Common Witchhazel
MV
MS
Magnolia virginiana
Malus spp.
Sweetbay Magnolia
Native Crabapples
white, SP-S/berries
crabapples
sun to part shade; multi-stem, fragrant
sun
MR
OV
OA
PE
Morus rubra
Ostrya virginiana
Oxydendrum arboreum
Prunus pensylvanica
Red Mulberry
Hop-Hornbeam
Sourwood
Fire Cherry, Wild Red Cherry
purple fruits
nutlet
white
white, SP/red drupe
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, slow grower
sun/shade, slow grower, scarlet fall color
sun, fall color
PV
PT
RG
Prunus virginiana
Ptelea trifoliata
Rhus glabra
Common Chokecherry
Common Hoptree, Wafer-ash
Smooth Sumac
white, SP/red berries
samara
scarlet drupe, S-SP
sun to part shade, yellow fall color, multi-stem
aromatic leaves, yellow fall color, suckers
yellow to scarlet fall foliage, multi-stemmed
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
1 1/2"-2" dbh
red, SP/seeds
sun, moist soil, drops leaves early
white, SP/purple berries
sun to part shade; multi-stemmed
white, SP/berries
sun/shade; multi-stemmed
white, SP/berries
purple, SP/fruit
pink, SP/pods
sun to part shade; multi-stemmed
sun/shade
sun to part shade
white, S/blue drupe
white, S/pod, F
sun, moist soil, fragrant flowers
orange-yellow fall color, smooth gray bark, not
native to Virginia
white, late SP/berries
sun to part shade, fragrant
1 1/2"-2" dbh
white, SP/red berries
sun to part shade
48" ht.
white, SP/red drupe
red drupe
white, S/bright red drupe
white, SP/red drupe
white, S
white, SP/fruit
white, SP/ winged fruit
yellow, F-W
sun, well-drained soil, stinky flowers, thorns
sun, moist soil, thorns
sun, well-drained soil, thorns, fall color
sun/shade, interesting bark, fall color
sun, fragrant, fall color, hard to find
sun to part shade, moist soil, multi-stemmed
sun/shade, cool moist soil
sun/shade; moist soil; slightly aromatic
Wildlife Benefits
Nectar: hummingbirds
Berries, Twigs & Foliage: thrushes, brown thrasher, catbird, woodpeckers, orioles, red-eyed vireo,
tanagers, robin, junco, cardinal, rose-breasted grosbeak, ruffed grouse, (at least 19 bird species
total), beaver, squirrel, deer, butterflies
Berries, Twigs & Foliage: thrushes, brown thrasher, catbird, woodpeckers, orioles, tanagers, robin,
junco, cardinal, beaver, squirrel, deer, butterflies
Berries, Twigs & Foliage: thrushes, brown thrasher, catbird, woodpeckers, orioles, tanagers, robin,
junco, cardinal, beaver, squirrel, deer, butterflies
Fruit & Foliage: small mammals, butterflies
Yes: butterflies
Fruit & Nectar: pileated & downy woodpeckers, robin, thrushes, bluebird, catbird, oriole, thrashers,
mockingbird, grosbeaks, cedar waxwing, tanager, vireo, titmice, butterflies, other insects
Fruit: downy woodpecker, brown thrasher, wood thrush, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, (at least
34 bird species total)
Berries, Foliage & Twigs: quail, woodpeckers, thrushes, northern flicker, cedar waxwing, vireos,
cardinal, summer tanager, evening & pine grosbeaks, (at least 36 bird species total), squirrel, rabbit,
butterflies
Berries, Twigs & Foliage: cedar waxwing, ruffed grouse, fox sparrow, (at least 20 bird species
total), butterflies. Nesting Sites & Cover: 8 bird species
Cover: many birds
Fruit: cedar waxwing, California thrasher, northern mockingbird, (at least 18 bird species)
Same as Cockspur Hawthorn
Seed & Twigs: grouse, deer
Seeds, Twigs & Foliage: red-eyed vireo, woodpeckers, towhee, squirrel, deer, butterflies
Berries & Twigs: bluebird, flicker, hummingbird, kingbird, white-throated sparrow, others
Fruit: yellow-billed & black-billed cuckoos, scarlet & summer tanagers, (at least 44 bird species
total)
Nuts & Buds: wood duck, ruffed grouse, quail, rabbit, deer, squirrel
Twigs: deer
Fruit: eastern bluebird, others
Berries, Buds & Foliage: quail, ruffed grouse, eastern bluebird, catbird, orioles, thrasher,
woodpeckers, many other bird species, rabbit, squirrel, butterflies
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 2
9/28/2009
RT
Rhus typhina
Staghorn Sumac
SA
Sorbus americana
SO
TA
TD
VA
ZA
3'-4' ht.
crimson drupe, S-SP
yellow to scarlet fall foliage, multi-stemmed
American Mountain-ash
white/orange-red fruit
Stewartia ovata
Taxodium ascendens
Taxodium distichum
Mountain Stewartia
Pond Cypress
Common Baldcypress
white, S
purplish cone
purblish-brown cone
Vaccinium arboreum
Zanthoxylum americanum
Farkleberry
Prickly-ash
sun, moist soil, slow growing, short-lived
part shade, moist soil, fall color, great bark, not
native to Virginia
sun, most soil, rusty-orange fall color, conical
moist soil
part shade, well-drained soil, fall color, grayorange-brown bark exfoliates, 15'-20' ht.
thorns, barrier plant
white/black
tiny black fruit
Fruit, Twigs, Foliage & Cover: quail, bluebird, catbird, robin, mockingbird, red-eyed vireo, (at least
21 bird species), rabbit, deer
Fruit: cedar waxwing, brown thrasher, eastern bluebird, gray catbird, evening & pine grosbeaks, (at
least 14 bird species total)
Nest Sites: red-shouldered hawk, egrets, small land birds
Fruit: mockingbird, many other birds
supposedly the acrid juice in stems and fruits relieves toothache
Evergreen Trees
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Size
Flower/Fruit
CT
Chamaecyparis thyoides
Atlantic Whitecedar
IA
IC
Ilex x attenuata 'Fosteri'
Ilex cassine
Foster's Holly
Dahoon
IO
Ilex opaca
American Holly
JV
PB
PG
PP
PE
PR
PS
Juniperus virginiana
Persea borbonia
Picea glauca
Picea pungens var. glauca
Pinus echinata
Pinus rigida
Pinus strobus
Eastern Red Cedar
Red Bay
White Spruce
Colorado Blue Spruce
Short-leaf Pine
Pitch Pine
White Pine
PT
Pinus taeda
Loblolly Pine
cone
sun, moist soil
PV
TO
Pinus virginiana
Thuja occidentalis
Virginia Pine
Eastern Arborvitae
cone
cone
sun, well-drained soil
sun, ice and wind damage
TS
TC
Tsuga canadensis
Tsuga caroliniana
Canadian Hamlock
Carolina Hemlock
cone
cone
sun/shade
part shade
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
cone w/ radiating scales
Description/Remarks
red berries
red-yellow berries
red berries
blue berries
blue fruit on red stalks
cone
cone
cone
cone
cone
8' ht.
Wildlife Benefits
moist to wet soil
hybrid of natives I. cassine and I. opaca, but does
not occur naturally in the wild
moist soil
sun to part shade
sun, well-drained soil
sun, swamp
sun to part shade, not native to Virginia
sun, not native to Virginia
dry upland slopes, deep taproot
sun, well-drained soil
sun to part shade
Berries & Sap: thrushes, woodpeckers, catbird, northern mockingbird, mourning dove, cedar
waxwing, eastern bluebird, squirrel, deer
Berries & Nesting Site: quail, woodpeckers, robin, bluebird, warblers, grosbeaks, cedar waxwing,
northern mockingbird, brown thrasher, gray catbird, kinglets, titmice, brown creeper, (at least 54
bird species), deer. Mature trees especially beneficial
Fruit: bobwhite, robin, eastern bluebird
Seeds: evening grosbeak, red-breasted nuthatch, crossbills, (at least 19 bird species total)
Nest Sites & Cover: grackles, house finches
Seeds & Nest Sites: many birds
Seeds: many birds
Seeds & Sap: doves, woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creeper, finches, squirrels
Seeds & Sap: doves, woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creeper, finches, rufous-sided towhee,
squirrels
Seeds, Needles & Nest Sites: bobwhite, doves, cardinal, chickadees, nuthathes, song sparrow,
beaver, squirrel, deer
Seeds: pine siskin. Nest Sites: grackle, robin, house finch
Seeds, Foliage, Cover & Twigs: chickadees, crossbills, porcupine, squirrel, deer. Preferred Nest
Sites: robin, blue jay, wood thrush
Yes
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 3
9/28/2009
Deciduous Shrubs
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Size
Flower/Fruit
Description/Remarks
sun to part shade, does well under shade trees,
suckering, 8'-12' ht., not native to Virginia
sun to part shade, moist soil, 15'-25' ht.
forms thickets, 4'-6'ht.
Aesculus parviflora
Alnus rugosa
Amelanchier stolonifera
Bottlebrush Buckeye
Speckled Alder
Running Serviceberry
white, S/fruit, F
cone
white/black, sweet berries
Aralia spinosa
Devil's Walking Stick
white, S/red berries
sun to part shade, thorns, coarse, colonizes
Aronia arbutifolia
Red Chokecherry
white, SP/red fruit
sun, moist soil, brilliant red fall color, suckers
Aronia melanocarpa
Callicarpa americana
Calycanthus floridus
Castanea pumila
Ceanothus americanus
Black Chokecherry
American Beautyberry
Carolina Allspice
Allegheny Chinkapin
New Jersey Tea
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Clethra acuminata
Clethra alnifolia
Comptoria peregrina
Buttonbush
Cinnamon Clethra
Sweet Pepperbush
Sweetfern
Cornus amomum
Silky Dogwood
white, S/bluish fruit
Cornus racemosa
Gray Dogwood
white, SP-S/white berries
Cornus sericea
Corylus americana
Corylus cornuta
Dirca palustris
Euonymus americanus
Euonymus astropurpureus
Fothergilla gardenii
Fothergilla major
Gaylussacia baccata
Gaylussacia frondosa
Hydrangea arborescens
Hydrangea quercifolia
Hypericum frondosum
Hypericum prolificum
Ilex amelanchier
Redosier Dogwood
American Filbert
Beaked Filbert
Leatherwood
Strawberry Bush
Eastern Wahoo
Dwarf Fothergilla
Large Fothergilla
Black Huckleberry
Dangleberry
Smooth Hydrangea
Oakleaf Hydrangea
Golden St. Johnswort
Shrubby St. Johnswort
Sarvis Holly, Swamp Holly
Ilex decidua
Ilex laevigata
Ilex laevigata 'Hervey Robinson'
Ilex verticillata
Ilex verticillata 'Chrysocarpa'
Ilex verticillata 'Sparkleberry'
Itea virginica
Lindera benzoin
Litsea aestivalis
Lyonia mariana
Possumhaw
Smooth Winterberry
Hervey Robinson Winterberry
Winterberry
Chrysocarpa Winterberry
Sparkleberry
Virginia Sweetspire
Spicebush
Pond Spice
Staggerbush
Myrica pensylvanica
Neviusia alabamensis
Physocarpus opulifolius
Rhododendron atlanticum
Rhododendron arborescens
Bayberry
Alabama Snow-Wreath
Eastern Ninebark
Coast Azalea
Sweet Azalea
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
white/black berries
lavender-pink, S/magenta
red-brown, SP-S/brown
burr
white, S
white, S/nutlets
white, S
white, S
36" ht.
48" ht.
white, late SP
nut
nut
yellow, SP/green drupe
red & orange fruit
purble, S/crimson fruit
white, SP
white, Sp
huckleberries
berries
white, S
white, late SP
yellow, S
yellow, S/capsule
red-orange berries
orange-scarlet fruit
orange-red fruit
yellow drupe
bright red drupe
yellow drupe
red berries
white, S
yellow/red berries
white, S
waxy berries
white, SP
white, S/reddish capsules
white-pink, SP
purplish pink
sun/shade, moist soil, wine red fall color
sun to part shade
sun/shade, moist soil, fragrant flowers
sun/shade, well-drained soil
sun to part shade, well-drained soil
sun to part shade, wet soil
part shade, flaky bark, suckers
sun to part shade, moist soil, yellow fall color
sun to part shade, wispy, colonizing
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun/shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, moist soil, red stems
sun to part shade, well-drained soil, suckers
shade, moist soil, early leaves
part sun to shade
part shade to shade
sun to part shade, fragrant, fall color
sun to part shade, fragrant
sun to part shade, well-drained soil
sun, well-drained soil
part shade, moist soil
part shade to shade
sun to part shade, not native to Virginia
sun to part shade, dry soil
sun/shade, well-drained soil
part sun to shade
sun/shade, yellow fall foliage
yellow fall foliage
sun to part shade, moist soil, drupes Aug-Jan
sun to part shade; multi-stemmed
sun/shade, moist soil, fragrant, suckers
sun/shade, fragrant
moist soil
swamp, acid soil
sun to part shade
sun/shade, not native to Virginia
sun to part shade, somewhat coarse
sun to part shade, blue-green foliage
fragrant, red fall color
Wildlife Benefits
Seeds: goldfinch, pine siskin, redpolls
Berries: many songbirds, berries make good pies
Nest Sites: cardinal, smooth-billed ani. Berries & Nectar: robin, Swainson's & wood thrushes,
woodpeckers, catbird, sparrows, chipmunk, butterflies
Berries, Buds & Foliage: grouse, brown thrasher, chickadees, cedar waxwing, meadowlark, (at
least 12 bird species total), squirrel, butterflies
Berries, Buds & Foliage: grouse, chickadees, cedar waxwing, meadowlark, squirrel, butterflies
Fruit: northern bobwhite, (at least 12 bird species)
Yes
Nectar & Foliage: butterflies
Seeds & Nectar: hummingbirds, ducks, rails, beaver, butterflies, other insects (and the birds that
eat them, warblers, vireos, gnat-catchers, orioles). Nest Sites: finches, sparrows, warblers,
buntings
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Berries & Twigs: woodpeckers, Swainson's thrush, gray catbird, vireos, cardinal, finches, pine
warbler, eastern bluebird, (at least 18 bird species total), deer
Berries, Twigs, Nest Sites & Cover: woodpeckers, northern flicker, vireos, cardinal, finches, pine
warbler, eastern bluebird, (at least 17-100 bird species total), deer, insects
Berries, Twigs, Cover & Nest Sites: turkey, woodpeckers, gray catbird, vireos, cardinal, finches,
pine warbler, (at least 18 bird species total), deer
Nuts & Cover: hairy woodpecker, blue jay
Foliage: deer, rabbit
Berries: at least 24 bird species
Berries: mourning dove, mockingbird, scarlet tanager, other birds
Fruit: ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite, junco, (at least 5 bird species)
Fruit & Nest Sites: red-bellied woodpecker, robin, cedar waxwing, purple finch, eastern bluebird,
towhee, sparrows, thrushes
Berries: mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, hermit thrush
Not listed
Berries: mockingbird, catbird, hermit thrush, bluebird, brown thrasher, cedar waxwing
Not listed
Berries: woodpeckers, cedar waxwings, thrushes, finches, cardinal, chickadees, deer
Nectar: butterflies, other insects (and the birds that eat them, warblers, vireos, orioles)
Berries & Foliage: nothern bobwhite, northern flicker, thrushes, catbird, kingbird, butterflies
Berries: quail, red-bellied woodpecker, bluebird, catbird, tree swallow, yellow-rumped warbler,
migratory birds, (at least 25 bird species total). Nest Sites: red-winged blackbird, others
Nest Sites: goldfinch, yellow warbler, flycatchers, others
Yes
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 4
9/28/2009
Rhododendron calendulaceum
Rhodo. periclymenoides (nudiflorum)
Rhododendron prinophyllum (roseum)
Rhododendron viscosum
Rhus aromatica
Flame Azalea
Pinxterbloom azalea
Roseshell Azalea
Swamp Azalea
Fragrant Sumac
Rhus copallinum
Shining Sumac
red drupes
Rhus glabra
Rosa carolina
Rosa virginiana
Salix discolor
Smooth Sumac
Pasture Rose
Virginia Rose
Pussy Willow
red drupes, S-SP
pink, S/red fruit
pink/bright red
fruit, SP
Sambucus canadensis
American Elder
white, S/purple-black fruit
sun to part shade, moist soil, fast grower
Sambucus pubens
Spiraea latifolia
Staphylea trifolia
Styrax americanus
Symphoricarpos albus
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus
Symphoricarpos x chenaultii
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
Scarlet Elder
Meadowsweet
American Bladdernut
American Snowbell
Common Snowberry
Laevigatus Snowberry
Chenault Coralberry
Indiancurrant Coralberry
yellow-white, SP/red drupe
white, slightly pink, S
greenish inflated capsule
white, S
pinkish/white
pink, S/white drupe
pink/pink fruit
yellowish-white/red fruit
sun, dry rocky soil, 12'-25' ht.
hardy
shade, moist soil
moist soil, rounded form, mildly fragrant
shade
sun/shade, suckers,
sun/shade, does not occur in the wild
mildew, can be weedy in Virginia
Vaccinium angustifolium
Lowbush Blueberry
1 gal.
white, SP/blueberries
Vaccinium corymbosum
Vaccinium stamineum
Viburnum acerifolium
V iburnum alnifolium
Viburnum cassinoides*
Highbush Blueberry
Common Deerberry
Mapleleaf Viburnum
Hobblebush Viburnum
Witherod Viburnum
36" ht.
white, SP/blueberries
white, SP/blueberries
white, S/black drupe
white, SP/red-black drupe
white, S/black drupe
Viburnum dentatum
Viburnum lentago
Arrowwood Viburnum
Nannyberry Viburnum
48" ht.
white, late SP
white, SP/black berries
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, rich moist soil
Viburnum nudum*
Viburnum prunifolium
Smooth Witherod
Blackhaw Viburnum
white, late SP/red berries
white, SP/blue berries
sun to part shade, red fall color
sun to part shade, red fall color
Viburnum trilobum
Zenobia pulverulenta
American Cranberry Bush
Dusty Zenobia
36" ht.
24"-30" ht.
yellow, orange-red, late SP
pink, SP
pink, SP
white, late SP
red drupes
white, SP/red berries
white, SP
sun to part shade, slow grower, fall color
sun to part shade, slow grower, fragrant
sun to shade, fragrant
sun to part shade, slow grower, fragrant
sun/shade, red-purple fall color, suckers
sun, well-drained soil, fast grower
sun, well-drained soil, fast grower, fall color
sun, forms dense thicket, red fall color
fall color, red twigs in winter, spreading
sun, moist soil
sun to part shade, acid soil, fall color
sun, acid soil, fall color, varied winter stems
sun, acid soil, most conspicuous flowers
drupes Sept., pink-purple fall color
shade, moist soil, drupes Sept., fall color
multiple color changes in drupe, fall color
sun to part shade, well-drained soil
sun, moist soil, fall color, suckers, 2'-3' ht.
Leaves, Nectar, & Foliage: hummingbird, deer, butterflies, other insects
Leaves, Nectar, Foliage & Nest Sites: hummingbird, deer, butterflies, other insects
Yes
Leaves, Nectar & Foliage: hummingbird, deer, butterflies, other insects
Fruit, Twigs & Foliage: quail, pileated woodpecker, bluebird, catbird, robin, red-winged blackbird,
northern flicker, mockingbird, rabbit, deer
Fruit, Twigs & Foliage: quail, bluebird, catbird, wood thrush, robin, mockingbird, eastern bluebird,
(at least 31 bird species total), rabbit, deer
Fruit, Buds & Foliage: grouse, rabbit, deer
Cover & Nest Sites: northern cardinal, brown thrasher. Rose Hips: at least 20 bird species
Buds: ruffed grouse. Nest Sites: goldfinch
Berries & Nectar: woodpeckers, blue jay, thrushes, grosbeaks, cardinal, robin, eastern bluebird, (at
least 33 bird species total), rabbit, squirrel
Fruit: red-bellied woodpecker, robin, veery, rose-breasted grosbeak, (at least 23 bird species)
Fruit: ring-necked pheasant, robin, cedar waxwing, pine grosbeak, other birds
Berries & Twigs: cedar waxwing, robin, pine grosbeak
Berries & Twigs: sparrows, thrushes, grosbeaks
Fruit & Nectar: evening & pine grosbeaks, robin, hummingbirds, (at least 14 bird species)
Berries, Foliage & Twigs: grouse, woodpeckers, kingbird, blue jay, robin, orioles, tanagers, eastern
bluebird, (at least 37 bird species total), squirrels, butterflies
Berries, Foliage & Twigs: grouse, woodpeckers, kingbird, blue jay, robin, orioles, tanagers, eastern
bluebird, (at least 37 bird species total), squirrels, butterflies. Nest Sites: gray catbird
Fruit: ruffed grouse, bobwhite, other ground-feeding birds
Berries: cedar waxwing, robin, (at least 10 bird species total)
Berries: at least 6 bird species total
Berries: at least 9 bird species total
Berries & Foliage: spruce & ruffed grouse, turkey, cedar waxwing, brown thrasher, robin, eastern
bluebird, migratory birds, squirrel, deer, butterflies
Berries: gray catbird, robin, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, others Cover: at least 5 bird sp.
Berries & Foliage: spruce & ruffed grouse, turkey, cedar waxwing, brown thrasher, robin, eastern
bluebird, migratory birds, squirrel, deer, butterflies
Berries: cedar waxwing, (at least 8 bird species total)
Berries & Foliage: spruce & ruffed grouse, turkey, cedar waxwing, thrushes, brown thrasher, robin,
eastern bluebird, migratory birds, squirrel, deer, butterflies
*These two Viburnums are not always recognized by the industry as two separate plants and are often confused as the same shrub. Nevertheless, they are two distinct shrubs.
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 5
9/28/2009
Evergreen Shrubs
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Gaylussacia brachycera
Box-huckleberry
Ilex glabra
Inkberry
Ilex vomitoria
Yaupon Holly
Juniperus communis
Juniperus horizontalis
Kalmia latifolia
Leiophyllum buxifolium
Leucothoe fontanesiana
Myrica cerifera
Myrica pensylvanica
Osmanthus americanus
Pieris floribunda
Prunus caroliniana
Rhododendron carolinianum
Rhododendron catawbiense
Rhododendron maximum
Taxus canadensis
Common Juniper
Creeping Juniper
Mountain Laurel
Box Sandmyrtle
Leucothoe
Wax Myrtle
Northern Bayberry
Devilwood Osmanthus
Mountain Andromeda, Fetterbush
Carolina Cherrylaurel
Carolina Rhododendron
Catawba Rhododendron
Rosebay Rhododendron
Canadian Yew
Size
Flower/Fruit
Description/Remarks
Wildlife Benefits
rare (not available), slow-growing, bronze in fall
24"-30" ht.
white/black berries
sun to part shade, moist soil
scarlet drupe
sun/shade, well-drained soil
blue-black cones
blue cones
white to pink, SP
white, SP
white, SP
waxy drupes
waxy drupes
white, SP/dark blue fruit
white, SP
white, SP/dark black fruit
lilac-rose
lilac-purple, SP
pink-purple, white, S
red berries
sun
adaptable
sun/shade, well-drained soil, winter shade
sun to part shade, moist sandy soil
shade
sun to part shade,
suckers
moist soil, fragrant flowers, not native to VA
shade, fragrant, neat mounded habit
sun to part shade, very fragrant, prolific
not native to Virginia
sun to part shade
part shade to shade, for naturalizing
moist soil, winter shade
Berries: woodpeckers, northern mockingbird, northern bobwhite, cedar waxwing, thrushes,
finches, cardinal, chickadees, (at least 15 bird species total), deer
Fruit & Nest Sites: gray catbird, northern mockingbird, northern bobwhite, brown thrasher, other
songbirds
Berries: robin, cedar waxwing, pine & evening grosbeaks, purple finch, eastern bluebird. Cover:
bobwhite
Fruit: cedar waxwing, robin, ring-necked pheasant, thrushes
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Berries: quail, bluebird, catbird, tree swallow, yellow-rumped warbler, cedar waxwing
Fruit: yellow-rumped warbler, bluebird, other birds
birds
Yes
Wetland Plants
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Acorus calamus
Asclepias incarnata
Aster novae-angliae
Caltha palustris
Carex stricta
Eupatorium maculatum
Hibiscus coccinea
Hibiscus moscheutos
Iris fulva
Iris versicolor
Iris virginica
Juncus effusus
Nymphaea luteum
Numphaea odorata
Onoclea sensibilis
Peltandra virginica
Pontederia cordata
Rhexia mariana
Sagittaria latifolia
Scirpus pungens
Scirpus validus
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Umbellifera spp.
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Common Name
Sweet Flag
Swamp Milkweed
New England Aster
Marsh-marigold, Cowslip
Tussock Sedge
Joe-Pye-Weed
Scarlet Rosemallow
Marsh Hibiscus
Copper Iris
Blue Flag Iris
Southern Blue Flag
Soft Rush
Spatterdock
Fragrant Water Lily
Sensitive Fern
Arrow Arum
Pickerelweed
Maryland Meadowbeauty
Duck Potato
Common Three Square
Soft Stem Bulrush
Blue-eyed Grass
Wild Celery
Size
Flower/Fruit
yellow-brown
pink, S
lavender-blue, S-F
yellow, SP
purple
scarlet
white, pink, or red
blue
blue
yellow, SP-F
white, rose, SP-F
large seeds
purple
purple, S
white, S
blue, SP
Description/Remarks
sun to part shade, flooded
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, moist soil
wet in spring, dry in summer
sun, flooded
marshy, 6'-10' ht.
not native to Virginia, 6'-8' ht.
sun, flooded
sun, flooded
sun, flooded
sun, flooded
sun, wet
sun to part shade, flooded, showy flowers
sun to part shade, flooded, showy flowers
moist soil
sun to part shade, flooded
sun to part shade, flooded
sun to part shade, flooded
sun, flooded
sun, flooded
sun, wet soil
Wildlife Benefits
Roots: ducks, muskrat
Nectar & Foliage: Monarch butterflies, butterflies, other insects
Nectar & Foliage: butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Leaves: tree and field sparrows, finches, deer
Nectar: hummingbird
Nectar & Shoots: muskrat, butterflies, other insects
Nectar & Shoots: muskrat, butterflies, other insects
Roots: marshbirds
Seeds & Stems: some ducks, beaver, muskrat
Seeds & Stems: some ducks, beaver, muskrat
Seeds: wood duck, king rail
Seeds, Nectar & Roots: waterfowl, butterflies
Tubers & Seeds: several duck species, swans, muckrat
Seeds & Roots: many duck species, marsh and shore birds, blackbird, muskrat
Seeds & Roots: many duck species, marsh and shore birds, blackbird, muskrat
canvasback duck
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 6
9/28/2009
Meadow Plants
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Size
Flower/Fruit
Description/Remarks
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Aquilegia canadensis
Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias tuberosa
Asclepias verticillata
Aster cordifolius
Aster divaricatus
Aster dumosus
Aster ericoides
Aster x frikartii 'Raydon's Favorite'
Aster grandiflorus
Aster laevis
Aster macrophyllys
Aster novae-angliae
Aster pilosus
Aster spectabilis
Aster umbellatus
Astilbe biternata
Baptisia australis
Baptisia tinctoria
Cassia fasciculata
Chrysopsis mariana
Coreopsis certicillata
Coreopsis lanceolata
Coreopsis major
Coreopsis tripteris
Coreopsis verticillata
Delphinium exaltatum
Delphinium tricorne
Dodecatheon meadia
Echinacea purpurea
Epibolium angustifolium
Eupatorium coelestinum
Eupatorium fistulosum
Eupatorium hyssopifolium
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Filipendula rubra
Geranium maculatum
Helenium autumnale
Helenium flexuosum
Spreading Dogbane
Wild Columbine
Common Milkweed
Butterfly Weed
Whorled Milkweed
Heart-Leaved Aster
White Wood Aster
Bushy Aster
Heath Aster
Raydon's Favorite Aster
Great Aster
Smooth Aster
Big-leaved Aster
New England Aster
White Heath Aster
Showy Aster
Flat-top White Aster
False Goat's Beard
Wild Blue Indigo
Yellow Wild Indigo
Partridge-pea
Maryland Golden Aster
Whorled Coreopsis
Lance-leaved Coreopsis
Trefoil Coreopsis
Atlantic Coreopsis
Threadleaf Coreopsis
Tall Larkspur
Dwarf Larkspur
Shooting Star
Purple Coneflower
Fireweed
Mistflower
Hollow Joe-Pye-Weed
Thoroughwort
Boneset
Queen-of-the-Prairie
Wild Geranium
Common Sneezeweed
Sneezeweed
Helianthus angustifolia
Helianthus decapetalus
Helianthus divaricatus
Helianthus giganteus
Helianthus maximilianii
Helianthus mollis
Narrow Leaved Sunflower
Ten-petaled Sunflower
Woodland Sunflower
Giant Sunflower
Maximilian's Sunflower
Ashy Sunflower
yellow, S-F
yellow
yellow
yellow, S-F
yellow, S-F
yellow, S
sun, 6'-7' ht.
sun to part shade, 3'-5' ht.
part shade, 2'-3' ht.
sun, 9'-12' ht.
well-drained soil, not native to Virginia, 12' ht.
not native to Virginia, 5' ht.
Heliopsis helianthoides
Heterotheca mariana
Lespedeza capitata
Liatris aspera
Liatris elegans
Liatris scariosa
Liatris spicata
Oxeye Sunflower
Maryland Goldenaster
Round-head Bush Clover
Rough Blazing-Star
Pink-scale Gayfeather
Tall Gayfeather
Blazing Star
yellow
yellow, S-F
sun to part shade, 5' ht.
sun, well-drained soil
sun
sandy soil, dry open places, not native to VA
well-drained soil, 3'-4' ht.
moist soil, 3'-4' ht.
sun to part shade
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
scarlet-yellow, SP
pinkish, S/seed pod
orange, S
greenish-white, SP-F, pod
blue-violet, S-F
white
S-F
yellow & white, S-F
purple, F
purple, F
purple, F
violet-light blue, S-F
purple, S-F
white
purple, F
white, F
white
indigo-blue, S
yellow
deep yellow, S-F
S
yellow, S
yellow, SP-S
yellow, S
yellos, S
yellow, S
late SP
deep rose, SP
purple, S
rose, S
blue-violet, S
pink, S
greenish-white, S-F
white, S-F
pink
violet, late SP/pods
yellow, S-F
yellow, S-F
pink, S-F
purple
purple
pink-lavender, S-F
sun, well-drained soil
sun, well-drained soil, should deadhead
sun, well-drained soil, should deadhead
sun, well-drained soil, should deadhead
1'-4' ht.
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, flowers prolifically, 1'-3' ht.
sun, dry soil, not always upright, 1'-3' ht.
sun to part shade, does not occur in the wild
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, moist soil
Wildlife Benefits
Nectar & Foliage: butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, Monarch butterflies, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: Monarch butterfly, butterflies, other insects
butterflies
Yes
Nectar: honeybees, butterflies, other insects
Nectar, Seeds & Foliage: butterflies, other insects, birds and small mammals
Nectar, Seeds & Foliage: butterflies, other insects, birds and small mammals
moist soil, up to 5' ht.
sun
sun to part shade, well-drained soil
sun to part shade, moist soil
Seeds: finches, buntings, sparrows
Yes
Nectar, Seeds & Foliage: butterflies, other insects, birds and small mammals
sun, well-drained soil
sun to part shade
viney, annual
sun to part shade
sun
sun, 2' ht.
sun
7'-9' ht.
sun to part shade, 30" ht.
Nectar & Foliage: butterflies, other insects
Yes
Yes: quail
Yes
Seeds & Nectar: sparrows, finches, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nectar: sparrows, finches, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nectar: sparrows, finches, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nectar: sparrows, finches, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nectar: sparrows, finches, butterflies, other insects
part shade to shade
sun to part shade
sun
sun, seed is wind-dispersed
sun/shade, 2'
sun to part shade, ave.-moist soil, 5'-7' ht.
12' ht.
sun to part shade, moist soil, 5' ht.
not native to Virginia, 6' ht.
sun/shade
moist soil, 6' ht.
sun to part shade, moist soil
Nectar: hummingbirds
Nectar & Seeds: goldfinch, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: honeybees
Nectar: butterflies, ctenucha moths, other insects
Yes: butterflies
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar, Seeds & Foliage: mourning dove, quail, sparrows, blackbirds, chickadees, nuthatches,
titmice, (at least 46 bird species total), butterflies, other insects
See H. angustifolia
See H. angustifolia
See H. angustifolia
See H. angustifolia
See H. angustifolia
Nectar, Seeds & Foliage: mourning dove, quail, sparrows, blackbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Yes
Nectar & Foliage: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 7
9/28/2009
Liatris squarrosa
Lobelia cardinalis
Lobelia puberula
Lobelia siphilitica
Lupinus perennis
Mimulus ringens
Monarda didyma
Monarda fistulosa
Penstemon laevigatus
Phlox divaricata
Phlox paniculata
Phlox stolonifera
Phlox subulata
Physotegia virginiana
Pycanthemum incanum
Pycanthemum tenuifolium
Ratibida pinnata
Rudbeckia fulgida
Rudbeckia laciniata
Rudbeckia maxima
Rudbeckia triloba
Solidago altissima
Solidago caesia
Solidago juncea
Solidago puberula
Solidago rigida
Solidago rugosa
Solidago speciosa
Solidago sphacelata
Thalictrum polyganum
Tiarella cordifolia var. collina
Tradescantia virginiana
Verbesina helianthoides
Vernonia noveboracensis
Scaly Blazing-Star
Cardinal Flower
Downy Lobelia
Big Blue Lobelia
Wild Lupine
Monkey Flower
Bee Balm
Wild Bergamont
Beardtongue
Blue Phlox
Fall Phlox
Creeping Phlox
Moss Phlox
False Dragon Head, Obedient Plant
Hoary Mountain Mint
Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint
Yellow Coneflower
Orange Coneflower
Green Coneflower
Coneflower
Three-Lobed Coneflower
Tall Goldenrod
Wreath Goldenrod
Early Goldenrod
Downy Goldenrod
Stiff Goldenrod
Rough Goldenrod
Showy Goldenrod
False Goldenron
Tall Meadow Rue
Clumping Foamflower
Virginia Spiderwort
Sunflower Crownbeard
New York Ironweed
pink, S-F
red, S
blue, S-F
purple, S
blue, pink, white, SP-S
pink, white, S-F
scarlet, S
lavendar, white, S
white, S
lavendar-blue, SP
lavendar, S-F
pink, white spikes, S
yellow, S
orange, S-F
greenish-yellow, S-F
yellow, S
deep yellow, S-F
yellow
yellow, S-F
yellow, S
yellow, S-F
yellow, S-F
yellow
yellow, S-F
yellow, F
white, S
white, pink, SP
purple
not native to Virginia
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, moist soil
moist soil
poisonous
sun, well-drained soil
sun, well-drained soil
sun to part shade
part shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, fragrant
sun to part shade
part shade to shade
sun
sun, aggressive
shade
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, not native to Virginia
1'-3' ht.
sun to part shade, moist soil, 12' ht.
sun to part shade, 9' ht.
sun to part shade, 5' ht., biennial
sun
sun, 1'-3' ht.
sun, 1'-3 1/2' ht.
sun, 18" -36" ht.
sun, 1'-5' ht.
sun to part shade, 1'-7' ht.
sun, 1'-3' ht.
sun to part shade, 12"-30" ht.
8' ht.
shade
sun/shade
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Yes, butterflies
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Yes, butterflies
Yes
Yes
Seeds & Foliage: goldfinches, sparrows, buntings, butterflies
Seeds & Nectar: goldfinch, sparrows, buntings, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nectar: goldfinch, sparrows, buntings, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nectar: goldfinch, sparrows, buntings, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Seeds & Nectar: goldfinch, junco, sparrows, butterflies, other insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Seeds & Nest Sites: indigo bunting, sparrows, chickadees, insects
Foliage: butterflies
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
sun, 4'-8' ht.
Grasses
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Andropogon gerardii
Big Bluestem
Bouteloua curtipendula
Calamgrostis canadensis
Carex crinita 'Crinita'
Carex lurida
Carex pensylvanica
Carex stricta
Dichanthelium commutatum
Elymus hystrix/Hystix patula
Elymus virginicus
Eragrostis spectabilis
Festuca rubra
Side-Oats Grama
Bluejoint Reedgrass
Long Hair Sedge
Sallow Sedge
Pennsylvania Sedge
Tussock Sedge
Variable Panicgrass
Bottlebrush Grass
Virginia Wild Rye
Purple Love-Grass
Red Fescue
Panicum spp.
Panic Grass, Switch Grass
Panicum verigatum 'Haense Herms'
Schizachyrium scoparium
Sorghastrum nutans
Spodiopogon sibericus
Tridens flavus
Uniola latifolia
Red Switch Grass
Little Bluestem
Indian Grass
Frost Grass
Redtop
Northern River Oats
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Size
Flower/Fruit
three-branched seed head
spikelets, S
spikes
reddish-purple panicles
1 gal.
plumes, S
drooping, F
Description/Remarks
sun
sun, purple, red, orange fall color, tolerates
drought, cut back late autumn
sun to part shade
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun to part shade, moist soil
sun/shade, tawny in fall
sun to part shade, moist soil
part shade to shade
sun/shade
part shade to shade
sun, tolerates drought, self-sows
sun to part shade
sun, moist soil
reddish-orange leaves, Oct; red brown to gray
brown, winter
sun to part shade
sun to part shade
purplish brown in winter
sun to part shade
part shade, moist soil
Wildlife Benefits
Seeds & Nest Sites: sparrows, meadowlarks, blackbirds, others
Yes
Yes & Foliage:
Yes & Foliage:
Yes & Foliage:
Yes & Foliage:
Yes
Yes
Yes
butterflies
butterflies
butterflies
butterflies
Yes
Seeds: bobwhite, red-winged blackbird, cowbird, grosbeak, lark, juncos, sparrows, finches,
buntings, (at least 61 bird species total)
Foliage: butterflies
Yes: birds
Seeds: birds
Seeds, Nest Material & Foliage: finches, sparrows, buntings, other birds, butterflies
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 8
9/28/2009
Perennials & Bulbs
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Agastache nepetoides
Anamone canadensis
Anemone virginiana
Antennaria plantaginifolia
Aruncus dioicus
Aureolaria laevigata
Blephilia ciliata
Boltania asteroides 'Snowbank'
Cassia hebecarpa
(Chasmanthium latifolium)
Chelone glabra
Cimicifuga racemosa
Dicentra cucullaria
Dicentra eximia
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Erythronium americanum
Eupatorium purpureum
Euphorbia corollata
Galanthus nivalis
Gaura lindheimeri
Gaura lindheimeri 'Siskyou Pink'
Gentiana andrewsii
Yellow Giant Hysop
Meadow Anemone
Virginia Anemone
Plantainleaf Pussy-toes
Goatsbeard
Entire-leaf Yellow False Foxglove
Downy Woodmint
Snowbank Boltania
Wild Senna
see Uniola latifolia
Turtlehead
Bugbane, Black Snakeroot
Dutchman's Breeches
Wild Bleeding Heart
Deer Tongue
Common Fawn-lily
Bluestem Joe-Pye-Weed
Flowering Spurge
Common Snowdrop
White Gaura
Siskyou Pink Gaura
Bottle Gentian
Goodyeara pubescens
Hepatica acutiloba
Heuchera villosa
Hypericum calycinum
Hypericum prolificum
Iris cristata
Jeffersonia diphylla
Lilium canadense
Lilium philadelphicum
Lilium superbum
Medeola virginica
Mertensia virginica
Oenothera fruiticosa
Onoclea sensibilis
Opuntia humifusa
Pedicularis canadensis
Penstemon digitalis
Penstemon hirsutus
Podophyllum peltatum
Polemonium reptans
Polygonatum biflorum
Salvia farniacea
Salvia lyrata
Sanguinaria canadensis
Saxifraga pensylvanica
Saxifraga virginiensis
Sedum x telephium 'Autumn Joy'
Sedum ternatum
Silene stellata
Silene virginica
Silphium perfoliatum
Smilacina racemosa
Stokesia laevis
Thermopsis caroliniana
Tiarella cordifolia
Downy Rattlesnake-plantain
Sharp-lobed Hepatica
Hairy Alum Root
St.-John's-Wort
Shrubby St.-John's-Wort
Dwarf Crested Iris
American Twinleaf
Canada Lily
Wood Lily
Turk's Cap Lily
Indian Cucumber-root
Virginia Bluebells
Sundrops
Sensitive Fern, Bead Fern
Eastern Prickly-pear
Canadian Lousewort
Foxglove Beardtongue
Hairy Beardtongue
Common Mayapple
Jacob's Ladder
Solomon's Seal
Mealycup Sage
Lyre-leaved Sage
Bloodroot
Pennsylvania Saxifrage
Early Saxifrage
Autumn Joy Sedum
Wild Stonecrop
Starry Campion
Fire Pink
Cup Plant
False Solomon's Seal
Stoke's Aster
Carolina Bush Pea
Allegheny Foamflower
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Size
Flower/Fruit
yellow
white, S
white, S
white, S
white, S
yellow, S
blue, S
white, purple, S-F
yellow
white-pink
white spikes, S
white, SP
pink, S
Top Size
1 gal.
1 gal.
Description/Remarks
Wildlife Benefits
Seeds & Nectar: finches, sparrows, hummingbirds, honeybees
sun, spreading
sun, dry or rocky soil
sun, dry or sandy soil, spreading
part shade to shade, 4' ht., reseeds freely
well-drained soil
sun/shade, native to plains states
sun to part shade, grows to 6' tall
moist, acid soil, easy to grow, attractive foliage
part shade to shade, 6'-8' ht.
part shade
sun to part shade
sun/shade
yellow, SP-S
shade, moist soil, bulb
purple, white, S
sun to part shade, moist soil, vanilla scent, 5'
white, S
sun
white, SP
plant 4" o.c.; broadcast
pinkish-white, S-F
sun, not native to Virginia
pink, S-F
sun, not native to Virginia
purple
part shade
dry, acid soil, evergreen leaves w/ white veins,
greenish-white, S
very difficult to establish
white, early SP
shade, 9" ht.
white, S
sun/shade, 3' ht.
yellow, S
sun to part shade, reseeds freely, 1'-1 1/2' ht.
yellow, S
sun to part shade, brown winter twigs, 4' ht.
pale lilac
part shade, do not cover with soil, 3"-4" ht.
white
part shade to shade, acid or neutral soil
yellow, orange, red, S
sun to part shade, moist soil
yellow, orange, red, S
sun to part shade
orange, S
sun to part shade, moist soil
greenish, SP/purple berries moist soil
pink-blue, S
part shade to shade
yellow
well-drained soil
sun/shade
yellow, S
sun
yellow
well-drained soil
white, pink, SP
not native to Virginia, 3"-5"
S
dry, rocky soil
white/yellow berries
spreading, berry edible, stem & root poisonous
blue, SP
2' ht., mildly fragrant
white, SP/blue berries
part shade to shade
blue
sun, not native to Virginia
lavendar
sun
white, SP
shade, Native Americans used for war paint
greenish
3' ht., biennial
greenish white
sun/shade
rust red, F
holds form through winter; plant 18" o.c.
blue-white, S
part shade to shade, creeping
pink, SP-S
sun, well-drained soil
scarlet, late SP
sun to part shade
yellow, S
white/white to red berries, F part shade to shade, moist acid soil
blue, S-F
yellow, S
5' ht.
white, SP-S
part shade to shade, moist acid soil, 6"-12" ht.
Yes, butterflies
Yes: insects and the birds that eat them, sparrows, buntings, others
Nectar: hummingbirds
Yes
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar: hummingbirds, insects
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Fruit: thrashers, doves, woodpeckers, quail, wrens, wrentits
Foliage: butterflies
Foliage: butterflies
Yes, butterflies
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 9
9/28/2009
Verbena canadensis
Veronicastrum virginicum
Viola fibriatula
Viola pedata
Viola sororia
Yucca filamentosa
Rose Verbena
Culver's Root
Fringed Violet
Bird's Foot Violet
Butterfly Violet, Woolly Blue Violet
Common Yucca
rose-violet
white
violet w/ dark blue, SP
deep blue, SP-S
deep blue, SP-S
sun
sun to part shade, not native to VA, 5'-6' ht.
6" ht.
sun to part shade, 6" ht.
part shade, 6"-8", self sows
sun
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Yes & Foliage: butterflies
Yes
Ground Covers & Vines
Key
Qty.
?
Botanical Name
Common Name
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Aristolochia durior
Asarum arifolium
Asarum canadense
Asarum virginicum
Bearberry
Dutchman's Pipevine
Heart-leaf Wild Ginger
Wild Ginger
Virginia Wild Ginger
Celastrus scandens
Chimaphila maculata
Clematis texensis
Clematis viorna
Clematis virginiana
Cornus canadensis
Decumaria barbara
American Bittersweet
Striped Prince's Pine
Scarlet Clematis
Leatherflower Clematis
Virgin's Bower
Bunchberry
Climbing hydrangea
Epigaea repens
Fragaria virginiana
Galax urceolata
Gaultheria procumbens
Gaylussacia baccata
Trailing Arbutus
Wild Strawberry
Beetleweed
Creeping Wintergreen
Black Huckleberry
Gaylussacia brachycera
Lonicera sempervirens
Menispermum canadense
Mitchella repens
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Phlox divaricata
Sagina subulata
Smilax glauca
Smilax laurifolia
Vaccinium crassifolium
Vaccinium macrocarpon
Vaccinium uliginosum
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Xanthorhiza simplicissima
Box Huckleberry
Trumpet Honeysuckle
Common Moonseed
Partridgeberry
Virginia Creeper
Wild Blue Phlox
Scotch Moss
Sawbrier, Catbrier
Laurel Greenbrier
Creeping Blueberry
American Cranberry
Bog Bilberry
Cowberry
Yellow-root
Size
Flower/Fruit
1 gal.
white, SP
pipe-shaped flower
brown jugs, SP
maroon, SP
brown jugs, SP
2' ht.
white, S/orange capsule
white-pinkish, S
scarlet, S-F
yellow-purple
white, late S
white, SP-S/scarket drupe
white, S
white, SP/white berries
white, SP/strawberries
white, SP-S
white, SP-F, red capsule
white-pink, SP-S
orange, scarlet, yellow
white, S/red berries
blue, lavender, SP-S
1 pt. cont.
blue-black berry
black berry
black fruit
pinkish, SP/red, F
white, late SP/red fruit
yellow
Description/Remarks
sun/shade; plant 24" o.c.
vigorous, large leaves, no fall color
shade, evergreen
shade
shade, evergreen, 7" ht.
sun, poor soil, aggressive, will girdle trees, need
both males & females, not native to VA
white-mottled leathery leaves
not native to Virginia
well-drained soil
fluffy fruit
part shade to shade, moist soil, not VA native
sun/shade; 3 leader min.
shade to part shade, fragrant, evergreen, very
difficult to transplant and establish
sun to part shade, well-drained soil
shade, moist soil, evergreen
acidic, moist soil, evergreen, fall & winter color
sun, evergreen, bronze in winter, spreading
twining 50'
part shade to shade, twining, 12' ht.
shade, evergreen, can take light foot traffic
sun to part shade
moist woods, rocky outcrops, 8"-12" ht.
shade; plant 8" o.c.
impenetrable mass, dry soil, prickles
prickly, evergreen, fruit take 2 years to develop
evergreen, acid soils, not native to VA
sun, moist, cool roots, 2"-6", spreads
sun, well-drained soil, evergreen, native to VA?
sun to part shade, evergreen, not native to VA
fall color, spreads rapidly, 24" (2') ht.
Wildlife Benefits
Berries: grouse, fox sparrow
Seeds: ants. Leaves can cause dermatitis to sensitive people
Fruit: at least 15 bird species total, flower arranging
Fruit: vireos, veery, other ground-feeding birds
Fruit: quail, northern mockingbird, thrashers, blackbirds, towhee, other ground-feeding birds
flower arranging
Berries: ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite, (at least 10 bird species total)
Fruit: at least 24 bird species total
Fruit, Nest Sites & Cover: northern flicker, blue jay, red-headed woodpecker, catbirds, jays, cedar
waxwings, sparrows, towhees, thrushes, (at least 50 bird species)
Fruit: at least 5 bird species total
Berries: at least 8 bird species total
Berries: thrushes, woodpeckers, vireos, warblers, (at least 35 bird species total)
Berries, Cover & Nest Sites: mockingbird, catbird, Swainson's thrush, (at least 19 birds)
Berries, Cover & Nest Sites: northern flicker, woodpeckers, ruffed grouse, others
Fruit
Fruit: at least 87 bird species total
Fruit: white-throated sparrow. Makes good preserves and syrups.
Herbaceous Woodland Plants
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Adiantum pedatum
Amsonia tabernaemontana
Anemonella thalictroides
Arisaema triphyllum
Athyrium asplenioides
Caulophyllum thalictroides
Chrysogonum virginianum
Convallaria majuscula
Dentaria laciniata
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Common Name
Maidenhair Fern
Blue Star, Willow Amsonia
Rue Anemone
Jack-in-the-Pulpit
Southern Ladyfern
Blue Cohosh
Green and Gold
American Lily-of-the-Valley
Cutleaf Toothwort
Size
Flower/Fruit
blue, SP/pods
white, SP
white, SP/red fruit
blue berries, F
yellow, late SP
white, SP
white, SP
Description/Remarks
Wildlife Benefits
shade
part shade to shade, yellow to peach fall color
part shade to shade
shade
shade
shade
shade, semi-evergreen
part shade to shade
part shade to shade
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 10
9/28/2009
Dryopteris intermedia
Dryopteris marginalis
Gillenia trifoliata
Evergreen Wood-fern
Marginal Shield-fern
Bowman's Root
Heuchera americana
Meehania cordata
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmunda claytoniana
Osmunda regalis
Polystichium acrostichoides
Sanguinaria canadensis
Stylophorum diphyllum
Tiarella cordifolia var. collina
American Alumroot
Creeping Mint
Cinnamon Fern
Interrupted Fern
Royal Fern
Christmas Fern
Bloodroot
Wood Poppy
Clumping Foamflower
Trillium erectum
Trillium grandiflorum
Wakerobin
White Trillium
Trillium sessile
Trillium undulatum
Uvularia grandiflora
Viola rotundifolia
Toad Trillium
Painted Trillium
Bellwort, Great Merrybells
Roundleaf Violet
part shade to shade
part shade to shade
white, S
part shade to shade
shade, dry soil, 2'-3' ht., evergreen, leaves mottled
greenish-white, SP-S
with white
lilac, late SP
shade
part shade to shade, moist soil
moist acid soil, deciduous
part shade
shade, evergreen
white, SP
part shade to shade, moist soil
yellow, SP/green
part shade to shade, moist soil, aggressive
white, SP-S
shade, moist soil, 6"-12" ht.
shade, moist soil, unpleasant fragrance, 10"-12",
maroon, SP/red berries
very difficult to establish
white, SP/blue-black berries shade, moist soil, 12"-14" ht., very diff. to est.
shade, moist soil, 12" ht., mottled brown leaves,
red, yellow
very difficult to establish
white, SP-S/red berries
shade, reddish stems, 16"-18" ht., very diff. to est.
lemon yellow, SP-S
shade
pale yellow, early SP
cool shade, moist soil, 6" ht.
Annuals
Key
Qty.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Campanula americana
Coreopsis tinctoria
Helenium amarum
Tall Bellflower
Tickseed
Bitter Sneezeweed
Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annus 'Autumn Beauty'
Helianthus annus 'Italian White'
Impatiens capensis
Lobelia spicata
Lobularia maritima (native?)
Monarda citriodora
Rudbeckia hirta
Rudbeckia triloba
Verbena stricta
Viola pubescens
Viola striata
Common Sunflower
Autumn Beauty Sunflower
Italian White Sunflower
Spotted Touch-me-Not
Pale-spike Lobelia
Sweet White Alyssum
Lemon Mint Monarda
Black-Eyed Susan
Brown-eyed Susan
Woolly Verbena
Yellow Violet
Striped Violet
Botanical Name
Actea pachypoda
Bignonia capreolata
Campsis radicans
Carduus nutans
Celastrus scandens
Cirsium altissimum
Cirsium muticum
Eupatorium rugosum
Gaillardia aristata
Gaillardia pulchella
Iris pseudacorus
Lysimachia quadrifolia
Ratibida columnifera
Common Name
Doll's Eyes, White Baneberry, Cohosh
Crossvine
Trumpet Vine
Nodding Thistle
American Bittersweet
Tall Thistle
Swamp Thistle
White Snakeroot
Common Blanket-flower
Blanket Flower
Yellow Water Iris
Four-leaf Loosestrife
Mexican Hat
Size
Flower/Fruit
blue, S
yellow, SP-S
yelllow, S-F
yellow, S-F
orange, yellow
white
orange
blue, S
white, S-F
purple
yellow, S
deep yellow, S
purple, S
yellow, SP
white with blue, SP-S
Description/Remarks
5'-6' ht.
sun, annual, 2' ht.
sun, whorled leaves, mass planting
sun to part shade
moist soil
sun, 18"-24" ht.
sun to part shade, 3' ht.
biennial, sun to part shade, 5' ht.
not native to Virginia, 3' ht.
part shade to shade, 8"-12" ht., runners
6"-12"
Wildlife Benefits
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar, Seeds & Foliage: mourning dove, quail, sparrows, blackbirds, butterflies, other insects
butterflies
butterflies
Nectar: hummingbirds
butterflies
butterflies
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Nectar: butterflies, other insects
Yes & Foliage: butterflies
Native Plants That Only Should Be Specified With the Utmost Caution, If Ever
Key
Qty.
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Size
Flower/Fruit
Description/Remarks
white balls, SP/white berries berries are poisonous
orange, SP
very aggressive, twines for 60'
red, orange-red, S-F/fruit can be aggressive
prickers, spreads prolifically
yellow, red fruit clusters twining vines choke trees, fruit poisons horses
purple, S
prickers, spreads prolifically
pinkish purple, S-F
prickers
white, S-F
causes "milk disease" in cattle
yellow, S
not native to Virginia, fine asset, reseeds freely
yellow, red, SP-F
sun, not native to Virginia, reseeds freely
yellow
invasive
yellow, S
wet or dry, 3' ht., invasive
yellow, red
not native to Virginia, reseeds freely
Wildlife Benefits
Nectar & Nest Sites: hummingbirds, catbirds
Nectar: hummingbirds
Seeds, Nectar & Foliage: goldfinches, hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
flower arranging
Seeds, Nectar & Foliage: goldfinches, hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Seeds, Nectar & Foliage: goldfinches, hummingbirds, butterflies, other insects
Seeds: finches, buntings, sparrows
Seeds: finches, buntings, sparrows
Nectar & Shoots: muskrat, butterflies, other insects
butterflies
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 11
9/28/2009
Ribes cynosbati
Dogberry, Dog Bramble
Rosa palustris
Rubus
Swamp Rose
Blackberries
Rubus odorata
Smilax rotundifolia
Flowering Raspberry
Common Greenbrier
Vitis spp.
Native Grapes
gooseberries
pink
white, S/berries S-F
magenta, S/berries S-F
blue-black berries
grapes
banned in some areas because it is alternate host of
white pine blister rust
Berries & Nest Sites: at least 16 bird species
Fruit & Buds: quail, mockingbird, catbird, Swainson's thrush, cedar waxwing, robin, bluebird, (at
sun, moist soil, forms thickets, spreads prolifically least 20 bird species total)
thorns, brambles, spreads prolifically
Fruit, Nectar, Foliage & Nest Sites: mammals, at least 40 birds, butterflies, other insects
thorns, brambles, spreads prolifically
thorns, impenetrable masses, vigorous
aggressive vines will kill trees
Fruit, Nectar,Foliage, Cover & Nest Sites: mammals, turkey, blue jay, gray catbird, veery, cedar
waxwing, yellow-breasted chat, orioles, (at least 49 bird species total), butterflies, other insects
Berries, Cover & Nest Sites: at least 20 bird species total
Fruit: cardinal, catbird, (at least 52 bird species). Nest Sites & Material: vireos, warblers,
flycatchers, cuckoos, other insect-eating birds
Sources
"Appalachian Plateaus and Mountains."
"Attracting Butterflies to Your Backyard, Schoolyard, Workplace, or Commuinity Wildlife Habitat."
National Wildlife Federation.
Dirr, Michael A.
Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs: An Illustrated Encyclopedia.
Portland, Oregaon: Timber Press, 1997.
Dirr, Michael A.
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses.
Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing Company, 1983.
Kress, Stephen W.
The Bird Garden: A Comprehensive Guide to Attracting Birds to Your Backyard Throughout the Year.
Miller, Carol Bishop. "Southeast: Birdfood."
Horticulture.
"Nancy Larrick Crosby Native Plant Trail: Woodland Section."
London: Dorling Kindersley, 1995.
November/December 2000, p. 24.
State Arboretum of Virginia: At the University of Virginia's Blandy Experimental Farm.
"Native Flowering Plants Known to Attract the Nectar Seekers."
"Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration, and Landscaping: Celebrate and Preserve Our Natural Heritage: Western Virginia, Mountain Region."
Virginia Department of Conservation & Recreation with the Virginia Native Plant Society.
"Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat."
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office with Irvine Natrual Science Center and Adkins Arboretum.
Ottesen, Carole.
The Native Plant Primer.
New York: Harmony Books, 1995.
Wyman, Donald.
Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia: New Expanded Second Edition.
Xerces Society, The and The Smithsonian Institution.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.
San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.
Butterfly Gardening: Creating Summer Magic in Your Garden.
Legend
SP = Spring
S = Summer
F = Fall
W = Winter
SP-S = Spring through Summer, or Spring and Summer
P:\0W051.01\Plantlist-Shenandoah.xls
Prepared for Dogwood Development Group by Kristi Farnsworth of EDAW, Inc. with input from others
(703) 836-1414, ext. 276
[email protected]
Page 12