#2 the Expansion of Industry Abundant Natural Resources 1. Crude oil; iron ore; oil (black gold) 2. Used a steam engine to extract oil from below earth’s surface 3. Was a cheap, efficient method for turning iron ore into steel – removed carbon from the ore 4. RRs; barbed wire; farm machines; bridge and skyscraper construction Increasing Number of Inventions 5. Set –up research lab; perfected incandescent light bulb; created a system for producing and distributing electrical power; built power plants 6. Made electricity safer and less expensive 7. Invented the typewriter 8. Invented the telephone a. Office work changes – women become 40% of clerical workers by 1910 Expanding Urban Population