The Elusive Apollo 8 Earthrise Photo

C
C
C
The Elusive Apollo 8 Earthrise Photo
Fred Spier
C
C
C
Introduction
')''"C (C &(C !"-C $&# !'C "*# *C "C (&"C '(#& C *"C
"8C 'C C &') (8C '( '"C '(#& C ?('@C 'C #"C #C #"C '(&#+'>'C A
*#&(C (!'7/C "C !-C #"(&)(#"8C C + C ')''C '#!C #C ('C '$('C 'C C
"#)"(&C (!C)&"C!-C&'&C"(#C(C'(#&-C#C (C!#)'C$# #C
&(&'C $#(#8C +C 'C #"C #C !-C *#&(C (!'7C C +"(C (#C "#+8C "C
$&() &8C#+C(C'(&#")('CC&(C"C(C'$&(C+ C('C$()&C
+'C'#(8C" )"C(C%)'(#"C#C+#C() -C$&''C(C!&C)((#"7CC
'#C +"(C (#C (&C (C '')C #C C C #C ")&-C /646C ((C C
$&#!""( -C()&C(C&(&'C$#(#8C)'C((C+'C#+CC!-' C'+C
('C !C #&C (C &'(C (!C ;+C C "C "#&!#)'C !$(C #"C !<7C 'C
$&#*C (#C C )",$( -C ) (8C +C +'C *"C !#&C &!& C A
)'CC'( C$#''''C('C$()&C*&C'"CC(#&C(C#)(C#C((C$&() &C'')C
;+C+'C(&#+"C#)(<7C
#(C C &&'C !-C C ! &C +(C (C $# #C &(&'C $#(#7C C
#&("C (C !##"C #"C 02C !&C /6458C (C '(&#")('C #C $# #C 58C &"C
#&!"8C !'C #* 8C "C !C "&'C (##C C ")!&C #C $#(#'C #C (C
&(C'C(-C '+C(C &'"C#*C (C&&"C )"&C "'$70C-C+&C(C
&'(C)!"C"'C*&C(#C+("''C')CC'$() &C*+8C)'C$# #C5C
+'C (C &'(C *&C )!"C ,$(#"C (#C *C (C &(>'C #&(C "C #C (#C (C
!##"7CC!$(8C'$ -C((C#C(C$#(#C&&&C(#C-CC'C
$
" #!8C((&C"#+"C'C(C&(&'C$#(#8C'C"C"#&!#)'7C
)'C (C $# #C '(&#")('C C "#(C -(C )'C ( C $#(#&$-8C (C
,$#'C !'C C (#C C &#)(C C (#C &(C (#C C * #$C "C $&"(C
#&C (-C#) CC ''!"(7C)&"C (&C'(#&C (8C#+*&8C(C
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
/
CC #" C '(&#+'8C ?C '(#&"C "C (C &() C '(8@C $ C 3/8C "#7C 0C
;/656<9C 0./B0.:C #" C '(&#+'8C $ $ $ $ 8C http://hudce7.
harvard.edu/~ostrowski/dawnciv/history.pdfC;''C0..1<7C
C *C !'C;#&C$C (C"(&<8C&C
#"'8C*C##'8C"C&"C
>&"C ;(#&'C #C$ $ $ <8C #"C 7C &&-C ;##'#"C &&-C #C C
"*&'(-<8C C (#"C ;&&-C #C #"&''<8C "C ('-C (#)(C ;"*&'(-C #C (C
&&#((C&&-<C*C"C,(&! -C')$$#&(*7C
0
CC('C"C(!'C)'C&C&C'(&"C("&C!7C
Dubitando: Studies in History and Culture in Honor of Donald Ostrowski. Brian J. Boeck,
Russell E. Martin, and Daniel Rowland, eds. Bloomington, IN: Slavica Publishers, 2012,
409–23.
410
FRED SPIER
+,*'&-,+N$+'N!N+.*$N$!.N,$.!+!'&N*'+,+N, ,N!&$-N(!,-*+N'N
'-*N '%N($&,N+&N,NN!+,&>N&+(!*N1N, +N*, *N*-N&N-221N
$#K&K/ !,N!%+N+N/$$N+N*( !N+*!(,!'&+N1N, N+,*'&-,+?NN
(',N * !$N !+ N $*N !&N , N $* * N '&N 69N %*N
5=:<@N
N
'N +N , N *, N +N !,N ,*-$1N !+?N +%$$N &N $-N &N -,!-$N !&N , ,N
,*&$N +!$&N / *N !,N $',+?N !+N ,'N +N '-*+$.+N +N *!*+N '&N , N
*, N,', *?N*', *+N'&N, N*! ,N$'.$!&++N!&N, ,N,*&$N'$M
*', *+N/ 'N#&'/N, 1N*N,*-$1N*', *+>N
N
* !$N!+ H+N$')-&,N(*'+N'*+N+'%N!&+! ,N!&,'N, N$!&+N
, ,N%&1N('($?N!&$-!&N%1+$?N0(*!&N+NN*+-$,N'N+!&N!%+N
'N, N*, N+NN*!$N+( *N*!,!&N , *'- NN$#N&N '+,!$N-&!.*+>N
,N $*1N !&N 5=8<?N *!,!+ N +,*'&'%*N *N '1$N N (*!,N +- N &N
,@N
N
&NN( ','*( N'N , N*, ?N ,#&N*'%N'-,+!?N!+N.!$$?N /N
+ $$?N!&N&N%',!'&$N+&+?N)-!*N&N!,!'&$N!%&+!'&>BN&N
$,N, N + *N!+'$,!'&N 'N, N*, N'%N($!&N ,'N.*1N%&?N/ ,K
.*N !+N &,!'&$!,1?N '*N *?N &N N &/N !N +N ('/*-$N +N &1N !&N
!+,'*1N/!$$NN$,N$''+>7N
N
!, !&N,/'N/#+N,*N, N+,*'&-,+N N*,-*&N,'N*, ?N%'+,N%"'*N
!$!+N +N /$$N +N N *,N %&1N %2!&+N ,-*N , N *, *!+N ( ','N .*1N
(*'%!&&,$1>N !+N(!,-*N+-+)-&,$1N$.&!2N, N$$!&N&.!*'&%&K
,$N%'.%&,N&N%N!,+N%'+,N!%('*,&,N+1%'$>N ','+N'N, N*, N+NN
/ '$N!&N&*$N&N'N, N*, *!+N!&N(*,!-$*N$+'N+,!%-$,N*+ N+!&K
,!!N !&)-!*!+N !&,'N , N +,,N 'N '-*N ($&,N +N /$$N +N !,+N ($N /!, !&N , N -&!K
.*+>N +N,*-$1N!&,!N%&,$?N +'!,$?N&N +!&,!!N &+N .N&N
+*!N 1N %&1N -, '*+>8N N ( ','N +(!$!+,N ! *N &*/''?N / 'N
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
7
N-',N !&N !#1N '$*?N * $* * !%(* $* ! * * "*
# *C/N'*#@N.!$$N-$!+ !&N*'-(?N5==5D?N96>NN
8
N'*N**&+N,'N, N&'*%'-+N+'!$N!%(,N'N, N*, *!+N( ','?N+N'*N!&+,&?N
* !$N !+ ?N IN $,!'&@N !*+N '&N *, N ', *?N *', *+N !&N ,*&$N
'$?JN $* * ?N 69N %*N 5=:<?N 5AN '$*?N * $* * !%?N 96L
9;AN*N(!*?NI*!3&,,!K'&2#* !?N#*,&%#&N&N+ !&!+N!&N ,N*'',?JN
E*!&,,!'&$N -&*,!&,1?N %(N %#!&N &N !N !+,'*1F?N !&N * #!(* !*
#* *#*'*" ?N>N !'N!$,*!&#?N ' &N!$*'&?N&N*%NN /&N
C%+,*%@N -$& '?N 5==;D?N 6=;L754AN '*,N !%%*%&?N (* * !%* *
* &'* * !* * !* !* !* N C/N '*#@N '-*N $$+N ! ,N !&K
'/+?N5===D?N686>AN!%', 1N>N>N$$&?N
'+( N?N!&,*?N&N '%+N>N'#+,*?N
"%)*" !!%NC/N'*#@N'$-%!N&!.*+!,1N*++?N6447D?N5L6ANI94N*+N
!&N(@N1N.'-*!,N ','?JN$*! !?N&'>N6:64NC<N(,%*N644;D@N84AN'*,N
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
411
E#E#E&E$E*!$%#E(E!"'E&()&#E-E(E%$!!$E'(&$#)(':E
')""E)%E(E'##E$E(E&(&'E%$($E')#(!-E#E0775;3EA(E!!E
#E)%E((E##(#E#('E+$&(E$E!"E"E(E"$'(E"%$&(#(E%&(E$E
E")!(D!!$#E$!!&E%&$(9EE(# E((E'E&(&E#(9BE
)&#E E (!*'$#E $)"#(&-E &$'(E #E 0777E $"""$&(#E (E
"$$#E!(E2/E-&'E&!&:E!!"E#&':E$#E$E(E'(&$#)('E$E%$!!$E
6:E')""&.E(E'E$!!$+';4E
E
!!E$E(E*+'E$E(E&(E&$"E(E"$$#E*E!E(E)"#E&:E
#E('E%$!(!E!&':E#E('E#*&$#"#(!E!&':E#E('E(.#D
&-:E ($E &!.E ((E +@&E !!E ""E ($(&E $#E $#E &!!-E #E $E
# -E !((!E %!#(:E #E +@E ((&E (&(E (:E #E $)&'!*':E ((&:E $&E
+@&E#$(E$##EE&E*&-E!$#9E
E
'E E (#&:E E +(E (E ,(#E %$!!$E 6E ! D#D+(E !*E E
(&#'"''$#'E #E (E (&!#'E +!E '#%%#E %()&'E +(E "-E %$($E
"&E"$)#(E$#EE(&%$E#E&$#(E$E$)&E(!*'$#E'(9E'E+'E$&E(E
-'E $E $"E *$E &$&&'E $&E #-E $(&E *'E ((E $)!E &$&E (!*D
'$#E%()&'9EE!(E((EE +'E +(#''#E*#('E$E &(E"%$&(#:E +!EE
+'E #$(E &(#E +(&E ('E"'E +$)!EE%&'&*E$&EE*!!E($E
"9EE($$ E%()&'E$E(E!)#<E$E(E&'(E!*E&$'(E&$"E'%:E+E
#!)E (E &'(E &)E "'E $E &(<E #E $E (E "$$#@'E ')&E 'E '#E
&$"E!)#&E$&(9E#E$)&E"!-E(!*'$#E'(:E&(E&$"E'%E!$$ E! EE
+(E!$:E(E&')!(E$E$*&,%$')&E-E(E%$!!$E(!*'$#E"&9EE+'E
*&-E)&$)'E($E #$+E+(E(E'(&$#)('E+&E&!!-E'#:E+(EA(E$$E
&(BE!$$ E! E&$"E'%:E'E$""#&E&# E$&"#E!!E$)&E%!#(E
)&#E(E"$)'E&'("'E*E&$'(E&$"E!)#&E$&(9E
EE#$(E*E($E+(E!$#9E$$#E"-E"!-E&*EE
#)&-E0747E'')E
$E E :E +E '$+E E '!($#E $E %()&'E ( #E -E (E '(&$D
#)('9EE$%##E%()&E$E('E!)#&E!)"E+'E(E"$)'E&(&'E%$($E
+(E(E%($#;EAE+'$"E+'E&$"E%$!!$E69BE!E!$$ #E(E('E
%()&:EE,%&#EE'$ E((EEE#*&E!(E$&E#E#*&E*E,D
%&#E'#9E(#EE'$#:E(E#E"-E%&'%(*E$E&(E-$#E
&$#($#9EE($&E(E%()&E$)(E&)!!-:E'() E(E$#($E(E+!!E$E"-E&$$"E
#E!$$ E(E(E$&E-&'9EE'(!!E*E('E%()&E#E(&')&E(E&(!-9E(E'E
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
$$!:E %' ' ' ' ' ' E =+E *#;E !E #*&'(-E &'':E
1//6><E(&E'(&$ :E
&'''E=&';E($#'E)E)!:E1//7>9EE
3
E!!E &E =%&$)&>:E ' %' ' ' ' ' $' '
''''''''''!#" :ED1E(!*'$#E$)"#D
(&-E=0775>9E
4
E& E $!#&:E &($&:E ' ' :E E $)"#(&-:E E E 8E $#E $!E
()&'E$&EC$'($#:E07779EE
412
FRED SPIER
%?)?$"?""4??$%#?)?$"?30? ?,22/4?#$?.+?)"#?
$"? $? $? ? $? 4? ? ? $? %$#? $$? ? ">
"?$#? $4?%#??'$?$?'?'?$"???&"?$#?
&$? $? $? $3? #? "&? $? ? "$&)? #)3? "? #$4? ? ? >
#$"? #$"? ? %? ? )? ? $? )? ,2/2? ##%? ? $? !
?*?$$?$%"? $? "$"#? $%"???>%$? #$3?
?$?&"#$)??#$"?"")4??? $ #??$?,+?%")?
,2/2? ##%? ? ? 4? '? #'? ? "%#? "$"#? &"? $'?
#3??$?#?"")4??#??"##?$?##%??
!*?$$?
$%"?$#? $%"3?%$?%#???$$? $?#$??)? ####4??#>
""?$3??'?)"#?$"4?'&"4??&")?%??$?""$?$$?>
#3?$4?#?'?'?#?'4???$? $ ?$#? "$%"?##%4??
'%?&?"?##3?
Tracing the Astronauts’ Reactions
?$#? $??"$#%??"%#?$? $4??'$?$?
'?'?$?#$"%$#?? "$?'?$)?#'?$#? ?"#$3??
#? #&"?$$?"? )?)"#?$"????$"&"#)?&"? '?
? $%)? $? $? %#? $4? #? ? ? "#$? $? %"#%? $#? ##%?
"#$3???%"?? %$#?$$?'"?"$&)?#)?$?$"4?$?"?
"? ? ? "#? ? $? &? $? $? %$$? $? $$? #&?
$4? '? #? &? "$")? #? #? $? "#? '? ?
%#?"#?$??$? $3?
"?#$4??$?"$?<%"?%")?$?$?
=?!!??
.?"%")?,2/24?"?"?( ?$?#!%??&$#?#?'#51?
?
?8?"#9?'#?#?#$%#?%$???$#?8$? $#?
"?$?$?#%9?$$?'??'$?$?$?? $%"??$?
"$?#?$?? &"? $?"*?? $5?<4?"4=??#4?
<$$;#? $? %"? $? 3=? &$%)4? ? '#? ? $? $? ? $?
&? ? $? "? #? ? %? $? $%"#? ? $? "$? &"? $?
%"?# 3?
?
? #? ? ! ! ? 6,21174? "? #"? $?
#$%$?#?'#5?
?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0
?? "$%"4? ? '$? $? ? %$? '? %#? ? $? $#&#? $? ?
$"%3? "? )? #'"? $? $#? !%#$4? #? "? "4? ! ! ! ! ! !
?6("5?)>'4?-+,+73??
1
?"?"4?<??$?">'#4?""?%$)4=?!4 .?
"%")?,2/24?,23??
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
413
"D (D (&D $''7D +D &D (D '&*D $&#$) '#"D ""D #&D )'(D
)"&D("D'#"'7D""D(D $( D#&(D"(#DD&) &D#"7D'D
$ ""6D ,D "#+D D #) D 'D ((D !D +'D & ,D ()D "D D (# D
!D (#D (D '#!D &'(D + D D (##D #*&D (D "*(#"6D "&'D +'D
##"D "&'" ,D (&7D (##7D 'D + D D !(6D D $(D '+("D
&#!D #"D 'D #D (D '$&(D (#D (D #(&7D (&"("D (+"D D
!#*D!&D"DD")!&D#D&"(D'( D!&'6D
D D $$"D (#D "D #)(D #"D #D (D '( B &D +"#+'D )'(D (D (D
!#!"(D (D &(D $$&D #*&D (D )"&D #&-#"6D (D +'D (D !#'(D
)() 7D &(B("D '(D #D !,D 7D #"D ((D '"(D D (#&&"(D #D
"#'( 7D#D'&D#!'"''7D')&"D(&#)D!6D(D+'D(D#" ,D
("D "D '$D ((D D ",D # #&D (#D (6D *&,("D 'D +'D (&D
D#&D+(7D)(D"#(D(D&(6D(D +'D !#'( ,DD'#(7D$) D )7D
(D #"(""('D #)( "D "D D $"'D &#+"6D "D +,'D (D +(D
#)'7D D #"D '(&'D #D #((#"D ')'$"D #*D ((D !!"'D
#6D
D D &D D !&D "D '"$$D (D $()&D #D ((D !""(D
&(&'6D (D ()&"D #)(D (#D D (D #"D (D #'( D &*D )'D #"D D
'(!$7D"D+D$#(#&$'D*D"D!#&D&%)"( ,D&$&#)65DD
D
"D $D /21D #D (D '!D ##7D (D !#)'D $#(#D 'D '#+"D ;"D !&&#&D
!<D +(D (D'"("D?"D #D (D!#'(D!#)'D$()&'D"D$#(#&$D
'(#&,C("D(&DD&D(D!&D+,D&#!D D"&'6@D
"D&D#D/5447D)&"D"D"(&*+D+(D"&+D"7D)(#&D#D
D;/551<7D#&!"D$&#*D
(D# #+"D*&'#"D#D+(DD$$"8/.D
D
>!D ##"D #*&D (D )"&D#&-#"7D"D(&>'D(D&(D#!"D)$6D
"D >!D ',"7D ? 7D (D ((D $()&:D (D ((D #":@D D ','7D ?D
">(6@D?,D"#(9@D?D#">(D*D"#)D !6D D!,D !A'D #(D
#&D'"(@CD'7D? 7D,#)>&D) D#D #",8D((D'D(D#" ,D$B
()&D ((D",#,D + D&!!&D&#!D ('D#!"D (:D #"D
#D,#)&D*# "#'D"D&(&'CD((D$()&:@DD'7D?#6@D#D
D(##D(D!&D"D(##D(D#!"D$()&6D(>'D(D(&)(D#D
(D'(#&,6D"D(>'D$&# ,D#"D(D(&"'&$('D(##6DD,#)D&D(9D
D
(*&D#&!">'D&(&D&!D '((!"('7D
!'D #* D '#D !D (#D
*D("D(D"((*D((D D(#D(D&(&'D$()&6D"D'D##D7D
$) 'D"D/5517D#* D$&'"(D(D()&"D#D*"('D'D# #+'8//D
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
5
D&"D#&!"7DD;+D#& *&D&&#+D##'7D/544<7D
0/06D
/.
D"&+D"7D
D;+D#&8D
"D&''7D/551<7D2136DD
414
FRED SPIER
# A '#A%A'A #+ 7A$ %A($!*A$%#%A% A!!#6A
%A($A$&%*A(%AA$&%*A&AA$&%*A# (7AA%A$A
% AAA$%#%A&!A# A%A#A%##6AA%#A$%# &%$A
(A %A A (%A %*A (#A $7A &%A #A %A %A
*(*6A
A >#%#$7?A%A #A$A"&%*6A
A >%A%A#$7?A 'A$A"&*A% A#$6A
A >#A* &A$&#9?A$A#$7A%A$$ =$A! % #!#AA#@
% #!#6A> &=%A(A(%A #A$&A! % #!*A%$9?A
A 'A +A %A %A $#*A !%A %A &!A '#A %A $##A
! A 7A%A A%A$A& #A#(%6A
A >%A%A#$7?AA#!%6A
A
A '=$A '(7A %A ($A %A #A #A &%A A #$A ( A A
$!!A%A$ %7A (A '=$A&% #%*AAA$'AA AA
A$ 6A
%A $ A A #$A #A % A 'A A %A !#$ A ( A A %A
&$A #%#$A ! % 6A #A $%7A A %A A &%#*A A :,442;7A !# &A *A A #7A #$A $#A %A '%$A $A
($8A
A
A ($A &$*A %A $ %$A A %A A (%A &#A A A #(#7A
A%# #A'#AAAA% A$A%A#%6A&%A &%AA%#A A
%A (*A %# &A %A $$ A (A # A %A $!#%A '#6A $A (A
A# &A%AA A%A 7A $&*A%A#%A($A A'(6A
AA$!!A AA(A"&A$ %$6A
A
(A &A $&A A $%&% A 'A ' !A $A A #$&%A A %$A A
$$ 7A (A ($7A #A *A %A %7A A A %A $%A '#A &%A
&A%#!#$$9A
#A% AA$!A$% #A#(A7A%$A$$&A($A#$ 'A
A,4337A%#A#$A#"&$%AAA! % #!*A)!#%A% AA &%A(%A
A!!6A$A&%A$A% A' #A#$A$A%A A( A!&$A
%A&%% 7A(A%A'A A%A #A' A# ##A>$$&A%AA
&"&' A'#%8A #$A % A %A!%&#6? ,-A%AAA %A)!A
(%A%A'A A6A
'A %$A $%&% 7A A A A ,443A % A %#*A % A %#A *A &%#*A
'A %%A %A $%A )$%A %%A ( &A $A %A A (%A A %&*A
!!AA%A! A$!#%A&#A %$A'%&A %$6AA#A
%%A A '#$% $A %(A %A ! A $%# &%$A A %A !$&A @
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
,,
AA 'A A #*A &#7A :!#' &$*A %% ;A:(A #8A A5A&$%#A %A $7A,443;7A0/6A
,A7A
A01.6A
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
415
"*#)$'> )> (($#> $#)'$!> #> $*()$#> > #> )%> #> > (*(=
&*#)!.> #> )'#('4> > '(*!)#> $*"#)> (> #$,#> (> )> 4> > 5> )'$'5> )$> )'> )(>
$*"#)4>!>!!>(*>$*"#)(>#>>$*#>$#!#>)$.5>#>0332>))>
,(> #$)> .)> )> (4> # (> )$> )> #)'#)5> $,+'5> > ($+'> ))> >
%%'> $%.> $> )(> $*"#)> ,(> %)> #> )> $$($#> ''.> $> > #=
+'().4>#>0333>>'&*()>!''#>$#>''.>.>="!>)$> (#>">%$)$=
$%(>$>)>#)'>$*"#)5>,>(> #!.>4>
)'>+#>'+>)(>).>() >$>%%'5>>$*#>)$>".>(%%$#)=
"#)>))>)>"$#*"#)!>+#)(>>,(>!$$ #>$'>>#$)>#>'$'>#>
)> 4> (> ,(> *(> .> )> '*"()#(>
*'#> ,> )(> %$)$> > #> ) #5> #"!.> *'#> )> $*')> $')>
'$*#>)>"$$#4>!>'!#>)> >(>$>)>"$$#5>'$>$#))>,)>
$*()$#>,(>"%$((!5>*(>)>'$>,+(>,'>!$ >.>)>"$$#4>
*)> (> ($$#> (> )> (%')> "'> '$"> #> $*'> !()!> $"%#$#>
#> )> ')> "> #)$> +,5> '$> $#))> ,(> '()!(4> #)!> )>
$*')>'+$!*)$#5>)>()'$#*)(>>!$,#>#> ,'4>#>(%>)(>(>
#$)>>%'$!"5>*(>)'>(>#$>'>'(()#4>$,+'5>*()>$'>()')#>
)'>$*')>!*#'>'+$!*)$#>)>()'$#*)(>'>)>##>#>)>"$$#>
#> $''> )$> '*!'/> )'> $')4> *(&*#)!.5> ).> )*'#> )> %(*!>
'$*#>#>#>)$>!.>#>$','4>)'>"'#>'$">)> >(>$>
)>"$$#5>)(>">)>%$((!>)$>(>)>')>'(#>$+>)>!*#'>(*'>
$'>)>'()>)"4>*'#>)$(>"$"#)(5>)>"$*(>%$)$>,(>) #4>$>
$#))> > #$)> .)> #> '()!(4> (> > '(*!)5> )> ,$'(> (%$ #> ,!>
))#> )> "'> *))$#> > #$)> %%'> #> )> 4>
)>> #,>))>)'#('%)$#(>$>)(>+#)(>>)$>-()5>*(>#>)>
"#)">>> '> ),$>$$ (>))>%%'#)!.> ">*(> $>)"4>>'()>
$$ > ,(> #',> #:(> > 7033185> #> )> ($#> $#>
,(> $')> ""'"#:(> > 7033284> #:(> =
('%)$#>%%'>>!))!>(!$%%.>)$> "5> ,!> ""'"#:(>+'($#>!$$ >
"$'> *')4> )> #$#> $> )"> ($,> )> )*!> )'#('%)$#> $'> ''=
#>)4>)>,(>)>!!5>#>,'>$*!>>#>)6>
#>)>"#)"5>)# (>)$>)>#)'#)>#>="!>>>()!(>$#=
))(>,)>'# >:'#5>$#>$>)>*)$'(>$>)>$#!#> 4>
*'#> > ")#> #> $+"'> $> 0333> #> $')> !!(5> ##(.!+#5> > -=
%!#>))5>)$> %>'$'(>*'#>)>%'$(>,#>'$>$#))>,)>)>
')> ,(> #$)> %$((!5> !!> )> ()'$#*)(:> (*(($#(> > #> )%> ,)>
)>>$>#>$#$'>)%>'$''4>(>($$#>(>'$> $#))>>#>'(=
)!(5> )(> '$'#(> ,'> ;*"%<> )$> )> ')5> ,'> ).> ,'>
)'#('4> > '(*!)#> $*"#)> (> #$,#> (> )> > $')*#)!.5> )> $$($#> ''.> !($> $#)#> > $%.> $>
)(>'$'(4>>,'$)>#>)$>!''#>$#>''.5>,$>+'.> #!.>%'$+>
"> > $%.5> *()> $'> !!> )(> $*"#)(> ,'> )'#(''> )$> )> $#($#>
416
FRED SPIER
$F"(&8FF#)&'FF+#) F*F #*F(#F"F(F() F'#)"F&#&D
"9F)(FF#) F"#(F"F(F"-+&F#"F(F"(&"(8F
#&"F (#F (F "#&!(#"F '(!$F #"F (F #"#&F *#F (&"'&$D
(#"9F('F#)!"(FF"F FB#""( CF!!( -F(&F('F$&#D
)(#"F"F'#) F'(-F'#F#&F(F",(F(+ *F-&'8FF#F"#(F"#+F+"F(F
F +'F () -F ''8F (&" -9F (F F+'F"#(F#&F('F'(()'8F'FF&') (F#F(F(F
((F (F F $$&"( -F &!"F ''F #&F !"-F
-&'9F(&F!-F*F"F'#!F (()F#&FB !'F(#F!8CF
#&F ,!""F (F *"F #)"F "F (F 9F
'#!F,$ "(#"F'F&%)&8FF#"*&'(#"F+'F(F"F''#"F $'F
!9F +F +'F (F (!F ((F F $''F '"F )"8F #&F "'("9F (F
")!&'F.0F.0F14F0.F&&F(#:F0F-'9F0F#)&'9F14F!")('F"F0.F'#"'8F"F
(#"9F#)&F&*(#"'F+&F)':F
F
F7F#!!"&:F&"F#&!"F
F7F#!!"F#) F #(:F
!'F#* F
F7F)"&F#) F #(:F !F"&'8F$# #F5FF"#(F&&-FF
)"&F!#) 9F'#F"F('F&'$(F"&'FF"F'-F#8F"&'F+'F
"F&F#F$#(#&$-8F
F
"F(F! F#F$F//0F#F(F
9F(F#"*&'D
(#"F"'F'F# #+':F
F
.0F.0F14F0.FF
9F!-F#=F##F(F((F$()&F#*&F(&=F
F F
&A'F(F&(F#!"F)$8F#+9F'F((F$&((-=F
.0F.0F14F04FF
-9F#"A(F(F((9F(A'F"#(F') 8F
.0F.0F14F06FF
>?F#)F#(FF# #&F !9F
!<F
.0F.0F14F13FF
"F!F((F&# F#F# #&F !F%)9F+ F-#)EF
.0F.0F14F15FF
9F!"9F((A'F&(=F
.0F.0F14F2.FF
EF)&&-8F)8F
.0F.0F14F21FF
8F
.0F.0F14F22FF
(A'F#+"F&<F
.0F.0F14F23FF
)'(F&F!FF# #&8F(F# #&F,(&#&8F
.0F.0F15F..FF
;F
.0F.0F15F./FF
)&&-F)$=F
.0F.0F15F.3FF
#(F#"<F
.0F.0F15F.5FF
'9FA!F ##"F#&F#"8FF0358F
.0F.0F15F//FF
"-("9F%)8F
.0F.0F15F/0FF
&8F
.0F.0F15F/4FF
9FF("F+F!''F(8F
.0F.0F15F0/FF
-9FF#(F(F&(F&=F
.0F.0F15F00FF
(E (F!F(F(F#)(F#F('F+"#+8F(A'FF #(FF
F F
&&8F
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
417
-0B-0B14B03BB
7BB#'B'B%!9B'>&B)%,B %B%'B%6B#(BB
B B
#'B':B
-0B-0B14B1.BB
&6B
-0B-0B14B1/BB
7B'B&)% B#B'!6B
-0B-0B14B10BB
B&)% B#B'!;B%7B)B'B'#B!6B
-0B-0B14B11BB
'BB!"('7B '>&B'B'B%'B&''"7B%BB
B B
"#*9B(&'B !B#*"6B
-0B-0B14B13BB
!B#*"7B#) 6B
-0B-0B14B15BB
7BB#'B'B%A7B''>&BB('( B&#'6B
-0B-0B14B21BB
/2-B'B8..6B
-0B-0B15B-3BB
,6B
-0B-0B15B-4BB
#*B)%,B'A)%,B'B+$#&(%BB '' B'6B
-0B-0B15B-5BB
B6BB'##B'*#B#B'!6B
-0B-0B15B..BB
#(B&(%B*B#'B'B"#*:B
-0B-0B15B./BB
&7B*> B'A*> A'> B#!B($B"7BB'"6B
-0B-0B15B.3BB
(&'B'B"#'%B#"7B 6B
B
%B 'B #")%&'#"B "&6B B "+'B *#%&B !"'#"B "B 'B B *%B &$#"B #('B .62B #(%&B '%6B &B &B "#'B &(%$%&"7B
(&B %#B #"''B *'B &&#"B #"'%# B *&B %&' &B #" ,B '%'"B
&#"&B '%B 'B &'B &"'"B #)B B "B &$#"6B (%"B 'B %'%B
'" B +"B ''B # #*7B "#B %%"B 'B B *&B !B '#B 'B +?
'!"'B''B'B&'%#"('&BB+$%"B#" ,BB*B&#"&B% %B* B
*'"&&"B'B%&'B%'%&B)%B&"B,B(!"&6B
"'%&'" ,7B "#'*'&'""B 'B 'B ''B #%'B !!%!"B $$%?
"' ,B !B +'"&)B (&B #B 'B B "B &B ##B
B <.554=7B &B %"%"B #B *'B *&B &B (%"B
%'%&B $#'#B &##'B &B "#'B #!$ ' ,B #%%'6B ('B &B )%&#"B #B )"'&B &B
#"&% ,B''%B'"B">&B#("'B"B
7B*B&,&?
'!' ,B #"(&&B #%!"B *'B "%&7B )"B '#(B "B !(&'B &#B
)BB&&B'#B'B
6.0B
'#(B'B'%"&%$'B#&B"#'B&#*B*#B$(&B'B(''#"7B'B $&B'#B
("%&'"B *'B !,B )B$$"6B"B 7B !?
!%!"B&(&'B'B# #*"B+$ "'#"8.1B%"B#%!"B*&B'B%&'B'#B
&B 'B %'%&B "B !!' ,B &"$$B B $'(%6B #%B B #"B '!7B '&B
?"?*'B $#'#B %!"B #&(%7B &B 'B *&B #)%&#*B ,B 'B
# #%B $#'#B !B ,B "%&B (&'B B *B &#"&B '%6B #B !B '&B &B B ,B
)%&#"B #B )"'&7B *B &B &($$#%'B "#'B #" ,B ,B 'B #")%&'#"B %$%#?
(B"B'B
B('B &#B,B'B$#'#B#!$ '#"B#"B
'B ?B #!$","B #%'B #*">&B $( '#"B #B .5557B 6B
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
.0
B!!%!"7B7B.3/@309B"7B
7B../@.06B
B!!%!"7B7B.3/6B
.1
418
FRED SPIER
)D%$D*D$%(#*%$D&(%,D/D*D##
D$D
##(#$A)D$*(&(**%$D%D*<DD$%-D+$()*$D*D)*+*%$D)D%""%-)=D
.&($D)*(%$+*D($!D%(#$D-)D*D()*D*%D)D*D#&%(*$D%D*D
&*+(<D -"D '+""/D .&($D )*(%$+*D #)D %,""D -)D '+!D *%D
%""%-;D &D (%%!D ""#D $()<D %-,(<D -)D $D (D %D *!$D *D
&%*%);D $D %$D )%<D $()D D *%D %""%-D D (*(D **D $D -""B$D
&%*%D&"$<D$D-D*(D-)D"**"D%(D$%D(%%#D%(D+$&"$$D)$&)%*)<D)D
D%#&"$D"*(D+($DD($D)))%$;15D)DD()+"*<D$()D()*D%B
(D )%#D ())*$D $D *$D '+!"/D D -*D *D %*()D *%"D #D *%D %;D
"*%+D *D $%-D )#)D /%$D %+*D **D $()D *+""/D )$&&D *D B
#%+)D&*+(<D*D")%D)#)D(D*%D)/D**D*D&*+(D#D)DD()+"*D%D*D
%#$D %(*)D %D ""D *(D )*(%$+*);D )D )D ")%D %-D ""#D $()D
+D*D)*+*%$D$D2009;16D
+($D *D &)*D *$D /()<D *D $*($*D )D .&$D $%(#%+)"/;D )D D
()+"*<D D (*D #$/D %+#$*)<D $"+$D *D &%""%D 8D *($)(&*%$)<D $D
$%-D D %+$D %$"$;D $D *%$<D "%(*D -)*)D $%-D .)*D **D &(%,D
+$&($*D *"D %+*D *D &%""%D "*)<D $"+$D *D &%""%D 8D #)B
)%$<D#%)*D$%*"/D*D.""$*D%$"$D#!##D/D,D%%)D
$D ($!D A($;17D D D D D *%D *(D -%D *%%!D *D (*()D &%*%D
%$"/D *$D /()D "*(D *$D D *+""/D <D D -%+"D %$"/D ,D $D *%D ))D
*)D-)*<D-(D,(/*$D**DD$D$DD%+$;D
D()+($D%D$*()*D$D*D&%""%D&(% *D%,(D*D&)*D*$D/()D
)D ")%D "D *%D *D &(%+*%$D %D )D **D %$*$D *"D $%(#*%$D
%+*D*D"*D%D&%""%D8;D+(&()$"/<D*)D")%D$"+)D*D+%D(%(B
$D %D *D #%#$*)D +($D -D *D #%+)D &*+(D -)D *!$;D D %D $%*D
!$%-D%-D*)D+%D)+$"/D)+(<D+*D)!D:3D%D*DD)*D#!"#
# # D %D 2002D *+()D *D $*(D %$,()*%$;D %(%,(<D %$D *D
D-)*D#"####D*%/D%$D$D,$D")*$D*%D
*)D.$D%$"$;18D$*()*$"/<D*D")*D"$)=D
D
03D03D49D11DDD %+D)+(D-D%*D*D$%->D
03D03D49D12DDD )<D-A""D*C-A""C*A""D%#D+&D$<DD*$!;D
03D03D49D17DDD +)*D*!D$%*(D%$<D"";DD
D
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
15
D%(D $()A)D %#&"$*)D +($D D ($D )))%$D *(D *D "*D %+*D *D %$B
)*($*)D%D*D&%*%D&"$<D-D"*D,(/D"**"D(%%#D%(D#&(%,)*%$D$D)%,(/<D
)D)!D:3D%D*DD)*D#!"###D&(%+D/D(!D(/;D
16
DD%(*D
%)<D"D<D*&$D-!$<D$D+/D-!$<D"#
## ###D?-D%(!=D(#)<D2009@<D33;D
17
D# !# # <D http://history.nasa.gov/ap08fj/;D D )D #D *D ,%D *($B
)(&*%$)D,""D%$"$D*Dhttp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/apollo8.htm;D
18
D(*()D +%D %$"$D %$D *D D &%""%D 8D -)*=D http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/
moon/sfeature/sf_audio_pop_01a_qry.html.D
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
419
!> #> $> > #"> > $> %!"2> > > #> &> &(2> $!=
#!!3> %!$"> %!""> > #> !#!"> %#> > &> > $> >
$$2+1>>>#">%">##>>%>"3>&%!3>!>$!#2>
Distortions of the Earthrise Picture
#> > #> "#!$#"> #$(> "> &> #> #> #$!6> > #> &#>
'##>">#">! !$>>#> #$!6>
!"#> > 3> !#!"> $> (> > &#""> !> $!> !#2> > #>
"#!$#"> > > 03> !#> !> #> !"> $"> #> "#!$#"> &!>
!#> #> 2> > !> > "##!(> "#> > #> $!> "$!3>
&%!3>!#>">#>!">!>"#2>#>&(">!">>!>!>"">#>">
"#> > #> "(2> > !"> "#> > #> $!> "$!> > !#>
&$3>#!!3>%!>">$!>> #>!">!>"#2>>!>">&$>">#>
!##3> #$3> &> $!> > !> > $#> #&> &"> #> %&> > $!>
#>&$>>!>>$(>#>;$>!#<>#>>!3>"#>%"=
3>&>!#>##>">(>$#>(>"2>
>#>"> 3>#>!#!"> #>&">>&#>#>>>>#=
#> "2> "> > !"$#3> > #> #$!> !#> "> "!(> !!> #>
&#>#>"#!$#">"&2>">"#!#>(>&>%>#!$#>#>#>=
#>>#>!#!"> #2>
!(3>!>#>!">#>"#!$#">>#>' !>#>$!>
!)>!)#(>$#>!#!>%!#(3>&#>#>$!>"$!>>#>!#2>
> > "$!3> > " > > "#"> !> !#%2> #> > > > $#!(> >
+11/3>!">!>#>%>' !>#>!#!">>#">&(3>&#>#>
!>&#!(>!#>
>$ >>#>"$!>#>$#>
>&>7#>=
#>>#>!#:">'"3>$#>,-2.>!"3>"&">%!(>!(>>#> #$!82>
">!">#>#>"#!> #>>#>!#>>!#>#>#> #3>
#> > > #"> !#> !$> #> "$2> !!3> #> > !"> "> #> =
$"> #>>>>&>>#">%!#> "#2>
$!#!!3> !"> #"> ##> #!> "> #!> &(> > &> #>
!#!"> #$!>">#>$(>%(>&#>>!(>"&2>>">&!"4>
>
> "#> " (3> $#="> !""> &"> ">
#>""">>#>!#25>%>#> #$!">:#>>#>$"#3>=
$">#(>&(">%>#">!>!$>#2>$#>&>($>5> $#>
($!>(>#>#>&&>>#>" !#3>($>>">""#(>
>>#>$%!"25>#:">>#>!>>>>#>!>$%!">
#> %!> "> #!$> > !> #$!25> #:"> #> &> "> #>
!#>&"3>#:">$"#>&>>%!(#>">&"2,*>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+1
>' >>$$>!#!">%4>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= TmaOcPYCGMA.>
>$#> > !&> > > #!> 3> >7&>!4>>#$3>,**183>+.02>
,*
420
FRED SPIER
"#?$#?!#(?#?"#5?#?!!$#??#?$"?#?#?%"?
?!#??#??"!4?
$#?!$!(5?!?"#5?#?"?"&??!!!?
5?%??#??$#!?(?!?!4?"?#?!??#?$=
!?"$!?"?!#!(?!#(4?"??!(??$!(??+3034??
5?!?"#?#?$!?"$!?&"?!#!(??!&"?!"5?
&? ? ? #? &"? "&? ? !(? 7&? "? !(? "!? #?
&#?#?"#!$#"?"&84?"?!"?%?!""#?%!?!?#?.*?
(!"4?
Tracing the Time Magazine Earthrise Picture
? #? !"? ? #? #!#? "? ? #? ? !#? ? "!? #? #!? #?
!$"#"? $!? &? #? !#!"? #$!? &"? "#5? #? "? ? #?
!?$#?#?#!?#"?!!$#??
??$!(?+3035?"??
$?$#?#?(?!#?"$!!"?&???"!?!?#??,**14?
!"#? ? &? &!"? $#? #"? #4? ? #? ##? #? ##? &? !=
%? ? #? #!"5? #? !#!"? #? &"? #? !"#? ? $!? "? ?
!?#"5?&?&!?$!?"?,3>-*??"?-/>-04??"#?%?
? $!? "4? ? !#!"? #? !"? #? #6? ;? &"? &"?
!??24<?
? ? ? #? %!"#(? ? "#!? !!(? !? ##? !#$!?
!? (? ? 5? ? &"? "? #? ? ##? #? &"? ? !?
%4? $" $#? !"!? !%? ##? #"? ""$"? ? "? "=
!? ? ? #!? !!"? ? #? #!"4? ? #? #5? www.time.
com?????#?!#"?#(??%!?$"5?$#5?&%!5?
#? #? (? #$!"4? ? #? "%!? ##? #? &!? #$?
www.worldcat.org? ? #? "&? (? !!"? ##? "#? ? #? !? (? ?
? ##? ? &"? ? !? 7&#? #? '#? ? #? !!(? ?
!""84? !#(5? #? %#? ? #? #? ? ? ? !!"? =
? #? #? !? ? #!? !? "4? "? ? ? #? $? ##? $!? #?
"#? (!"? ? !#? ? ? "#!$#? ? !#? $#"? "? ? #?
5? ? #? ? ""(? $#? ""? ? %$? !#5? #?
(?#$!"?$#?"?%!#"#"4?#?&?"!"?!?#?#?
;&"?&"<??#?(?(#?#!4?
? ? ? #? &? ? &? "? ""$? #? !#!"? #$!? ?
? $"5? ? $#? "? ? #? !"#? #!? ""$"? ? $!(? +303? ?
,**2? #!$? )4:"? "=? ? "!%4? ? (? "$!!"? ?
"(5? ? ? #? #? (? ? #? $!? #$!"4? $!#!!5? #?
? $!"? ? (? !? "? ? #? !!"? &#? (? ? #? ?
""$"? ##? ? ? #5? $"? ? ? #!? ""$"? #"? "? #?
#!?#'#??#$!"4?!#(?#?##?""$???!#?!?
#??#5?$?!#?%!#"#"4??
$!#!!5???#!??""$"??
??$!(?+303?##??
#5? #? ? $!"? &!? #$$"5? &? ? ? &!?
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
421
,)'F )(F %$)$(F F #F %*!(F )'F )F !!F =,F ("F +'.F
*#! !.>:FFF)$F$#!*F))FF)(F%)*'(FF%%'F#F)(F((*(;F
).F "*()F +F #F *##*"'F #F ,'F (*(&*#)!.F )$'#F $*):F #F )F
#*'.F10F((*FF$*#FF!$$(F*##*"'F!F ,)F+')("#)(F='()F
%<F!F$#)F#F
F#F)F($#F%<F)F$()FF#)'$E
*#F/%F$(>:F
F(*(&*#)!.F$#))F
B(F*()$"'F('+F.FE"!F,)F
F '&*()F $'F F F ((*F '$"F #*'.F 1757F ))F $#)#F )F ')'(F
%$)$:F.F'%!F.F(.#F))F).F#F)F(%F)F$F))F((*F
)$F!$)F)F#F)'F(.()":F*)F))F,(F-)!.F,)FFF#$)F #$,:FF$*!F
+FF)$F)'.F)$F%*'(F!!F#*'.F1757F((*(F=,F,$*!F+F()F
"F F "$'F ))F 9F 200F #!*#F #!#F #F (%%#>:F F ;F
$,+';F )$F $!!$,F F '#)F '$*)F #F $#))F )F ''.F $F $#'((:F
F!%*!F'('F(%!()FF!)$#F,'$)F"F))FC)$*FF+F(#F
''#(F )$F%*!)$#F $F )F A')'(BF%$)$(F#F)F,F 'B(F((*F $F
F$'F1757;F)F'()F((*F(F#:F3:;F,)F)F)'F()'$#*)(F$#F)F$+'F(F
A#F$F)F':BF'F(F#$F('(F$F$!$'F%$)$(F#F)(F$'F#.F$F)F$)'F
#*'.F ((*(;F #F #F )F !"$()F !!F $!$'F %$)$(F #F F )#F ,'F #F
+')("#)(:D 21F
*(;F)F".()'.F%#:F+#F)(F'%$');FF#F)$F,$#'F,)E
'F)FF)$#F$F
FF#$)F)*'F)(F%)*'F)F!!F=,F
("F*#! !.F)$F">:FF))FF#F)F(;F)F,$*!FF*(!((F)$F(%#F
#.F "$#.F $#F $''#F F ((*(F '$"F F *()$"'F ('+:F F
+#F ,$#'F ,)'F ".F ""$'.F ,(F +#F ";F #F ,)'F F F
)*!!.F )$'#F)(F%)*'(F$*)F $F#$)'F%*!)$#F))F FF#$)F '""E
'F#."$':F
!F $#)#*#F )$F ('F $'F )F )!#)F )$#F $F ;F F
$#))F.FE"!F)F$#F"(F#())*)F#F"()'";F,F%'$"$)(F
"'#F*!)*'F#F)F)'!#(:F#$')*#)!.;F).F#+'F'(%$#:FF
!($F!$$ F$#F+'.F#)'#)F()F))FF$*!F#F$'F($#E#F$$ (F#F
"/#(;F *)F )$F #$F +!:F #F )F "#)"F F %)F $#F ,F ('(F $'F
C,($"F ,(F '$"F %$!!$F 6:DF #;F (*#!.;F #F %)"'F 2007;F )F
F #F )F #+'().F $F )F ''$))F ''.F %!F
$!!)$#(F ($,F *%F (F $#)##F )F ()$#F ,)F (*F F %)$#:F F
!%*!F !''#;F )(.F )$*);F (#)F "F '()F F )!F ('%)$#F #F !)'F
%$)$$%(F $F (-F %(F $F !*#'F %$)$(F ) #F .F %$!!$F 6:F $F ".F !);F
).F #!*F )F C,($"F ,(F '$"F %$!!$F 6DF ')'(F %)*':F *'E
)'"$';F !!F )(F %(F ,'F *##*"':F $*'F %(F ,'F -)!.F )F
("F(F)F$#(FF!'.FF=,)F)F-%)$#F$F)F"((#F%F#*"E
'(>;F .)F ),$F %(F ,'F #,F )$F ":F %%'#)!.F )F F )$#F $F FF$#)#F),$F"$'F%)*'F%(F)#F)F)!#)F)$#:F
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
21
FF!)$#;FE"!F$""*#)$#:F *)<F
''.F*()$#:F#(,'<F?*()$#F8F
4505364@;F)F17F*#F2007:F
422
FRED SPIER
> > !&> (> '"6> !)($6> > "&> %$ > !$> ;)%!> )%>
$!>"!!>3<>$!>&>&!>&5>!'&>>! &>&$6>>%' +>!' >>.->
'$+> .414> > $> !"+> &! > ! > +> > '%&$> %>
! & > &%> "&'$5> !$> > )%> > &!> '+> &6> !)($6> &> )%> ! 5>
&>)+>>>>%$> ! >,! 5!>!$>>
>$>!"+> !>
.-> '$+> .4146> "'%> "!!> "!&!%6> > &!> +> $&> *& &> > &'+>
!' > ! 5> > &+> !$$> &> > > &> % &> &!> +> =)%> > &>
&>&&%>7&%>"$&'$> %! = >!!%$> > !&> %">!($%%86>
)$>> !' &$>&>'%&>!$>$%&%>!>/--45>>"!&!%> >&&>%%'>
)$>*&+>&>%>%>&>"!&!!"%>&&>>>!& >$!>&> ($=
%&+>!>&>$$+5>
>&%>' '$>"&'$%>)$>%&'&>&) >"%>0.> >0/5>&>
)!'> &$!$> (> > "!%%> &!> &$> &> !'&> )&!'&> %&$!+ > &>
%#' >!> '$>"%6>>&>!$>%!>'%>&>&)!>($&% &%>
&&> &!> &%> "%> )$> %!> ' '$5> *> &!$ =!'&> "%> 7&$>
(%8> )!'>(> >&>"&'$%6> > &)!> !$> "%>7! >8> )!'>
(> >' '$>($&% &%5>!>+>&6>&%>($&% &%>
)$>*&+>&>%>%>&>! %>>>!' >! >&>!!%>>!>&> '$+>
.->%%'>&&>> !&>! & >&>"!!>"!&!%5>""$ &+6>&>' $>"!&!%>
> > &!$ > !'&> !> &> %> %%'> &&> > > "'$%> $$> $!>
,! 5!5> > !> !&> !)6> !)($6> ) > &%> )%> ! 5> > %> +>
)>(>"" >&!>&>$$+>!>! $%%>!"+>&&>> !&>! & >&>
"&'$%>&$5>
&> &$!$> %%> +> &&> !$> "!"> > > > &!$ > &%> "%>
!'&>&>&>&5> >&6>'$ >+>$%$>>+>(>!>$!%%>&$>%'>
%%5>! >%!>)%6>&$!$6>"$"%> !&>&>>' !! 5>+>&! >+>
&'%>(> >"$&>!>>'>$$>&$ 5>>>>"!&!!">&&>"$&=
'$> %%'> !> > > &> ($%&+> !> %&$> $$+> +$%>
$$6> !$> > > > !$$> > '$+> %%'%> $!> > '%&!$>
%$(6>>)!'> ($>(>%!($>&%5>
> '$+> /-.-6> > > ! &&> :%> '%&!$> %$(>
"$& &6> '&> ' !$&' &+> &+> > !&> (> +> > %%'%> !> &%>
"$&'$>&! 5>!$>($!'%>$%! %>> >$!"">+>%$>!$>>)5>
&!'>>!'> !&>>!"&+>%'$>&&>&>$&$%>"!&!>""$> >
&>.-> '$+>.414>& &>&! >%%'>!>6>>&>$%! +>! &>
&&>&>6> ( > &>&> &&>!&> > &> &>&&%> > >'%&$>&%>
> >&>%5>
!)($6>!'&%>"&> 6>%!>>%&$&>%$ > > >&>>!>
/-.-5>>>&!> !>&> !(!'%> & > &&>> %!'> (>! > +>+$%>
!6> +> ! %'&> &> ! > &!'> !> &> '&> #'( &> !> &>
$$+> !> ! $%%6> &> ! > !&> > > '5> > &!> +>
$&> %'$"$%6> &+> > &> !"+> &&> > )%> !! > !$5> > ) &> &$> ! > .2>
!($>/-.-6> >&!>+>&>&%>!"+>!>
>)%>*&+>%>>
$$>&5> > 6>&>)%>&>.-> '$+>%%'5>
THE ELUSIVE APOLLO 8 EARTHRISE PHOTO
423
! > > #> > ! > !4> > > !> #> 2> > >
> 3> > !> !> > #> !> > )0=*'> >
>*,=*->6 >#>> >>> >> >>> >! >>(0-072>
%>#> > #> > $ >>)/>>*.2>>>>#>
#%> > *(> > *+> #> > !2> > > > > 5> > >
> > > > !> > !3> > > > > 5> ! >
> >#>%> #>> !>3>>> > !>>
#>!!2>>"> >% >>> > "> > >> >
% %2>
>!>"%>>> >> >>#%>>> >>
>>> > !>2>>>>> >
>> >#>!>> 2>#>>#>>>
2> >
>> 3>"> !> > >>> >>> >>
> > !> !> :> > %3;> #> ! > > > >
2>>> > > !>2>
>>> >># >
> #> > >>>>>>:> &>1>><
2;> > %> %> > %4> > ! > ! > 2> ! >
2> > #> > > !> > > > > > <
2> %3> 2> > %> > > > > >
> !2> > > > #> # > > > > > <
#> > #2> > 3> > > > > > %> !%> ">
>">> >> >>>"!%> ! 2>
> > > > !> %%3> > > > > > > >
#!> "> > !> > ! > > > > > > > !>
"> # ! > > 2> ! > > #!> %> "> > "%> %> >
> > !> > %> > > > > > > > > >
%>%2>
%>$>>">>>> ! >! > > !>
>"> >>#>> > ! > >" >>%>%2>
!> >"> >>>> > > >"%> >>#<!&>
" 3> >! >>!>>! > > > >" > > >>>
> > #> > > #> ! 2> > > > 3>
> > > > !<> %%2> > > 3> #> #> > >
> >9> "> > >>!> >">> >! <
>> > >> > > >>!> > !>
># >%>>">2>
>