Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India
National Workshop on Wastewater Recycling and
Presentation of Urban Water Awards 2011-2012
India Specific Recycle and Reuse
Guidance Document
Uday G. Kelkar, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE
NJS Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan
Date: 7th March 2014,
Source: Central Water Commission, MoWR
Source: McKinsey Report;
Charting our Water Future - 2030
With Reference to:
Sustainable Water Management:
Policies
2
Investments
3
Projects
4
Challenges
1
National Water Policy 2012
Legislation
National water framework law of general principles on water, to lead the way
for essential legislation on water governance in each state
Water Usage
The centre, states and local bodies have been advised to provide minimum quantity
of potable water needed for essential health & hygiene., Ecological needs of rivers
Basic livelihood support to the poor and national food security
Efficiency of water usage
Over and above pre-emptive needs, priced to promote efficient use, hence should
be treated as an economic good. Recycle and reuse should be
encouraged, especially through planned tariff system , Need for saving water in
irrigation - micro, auto irrigation etc. Development of system for measuring water
footprints and water auditing
Project planning
Consider techno-economical, social and environmental aspects
Concurrent monitoring at project, state and central levels pari-passu planning and
implementation, Involvement of local bodies and users associations in planning and
implementation
Important Issues to be Address
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•
•
The Problem
Source Water Quality
Regulatory and performance compliance
Contingency planning
Distance of bringing raw water
Pumping head required and cost of producing
the treated water
Subsidy issue – Industrial v/s domestic costs
Conflict
Policies
Perception, Risk and Branding
Recycle and Reuse – Action Items
Successful Recipe for Recycle
and Reuse Program
Inter Ministry Cooperation
Development of Recycle and
Reuse Guidance Document
International Reuse Guidelines
• WHO
– 1989 Guidelines for the safe use of
wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture
– Guidelines for safe recreational water
environments
– Guidelines for drinking-water quality
• US EPA
– Reuse Guidelines – 1992 & 2004
– Safe Drinking Water Act
Needs of Water Industry

Development of Reliable and acceptable Reuse
plans and suggestive methods.

Development of reuse effluent guidelines based
on end-use applications.

Development of regulatory criteria and framework
for Reuse: performance, redundancy,
specifications, and safety & Health issues.

Development of appropriate Public awareness
campaign procedures to gain public confidence

Guidelines for reuse projects under PPP and other
funding scenarios
Brainstorming Sessions on Development of
Reuse Guidance Document
Discussion Topics
 Suggested Regulatory & Institutional Mechanisms
 Who?- PCBs, PHEDs, Urban Bodies, Community…
 What?- Standards/Limits, Permits, Monitoring,
Certification…
 How?- Methodology, Approach…
 When? Timelines, Frequency….
Coordination among agencies!!!
NJSEI
Discussion Topics
 Suggested Quality Standards (by Reuse Classification)Are existing standards enough?
 Peri-urban agriculture
 Direct use (raw consumption) crops
 Indirect use (processed) crops
 Industrial Use




Make up water for cooling towers
Process water
Coach/Wagon washing (human contact)
Building/Construction (human contact)
NJSEI
Discussion Topics
 Suggested Quality Standards (by Reuse Classification)Are existing standards enough?
 Urban Non-potable
 Toilet Flushing
 Park/ Recreational area irrigation (human contact)
 Raw Water Augmentation (Indirect potable)
 River, stream, surface water augmentation
 Groundwater recharge
 Aquifer storage & recovery
NJSEI
Suggested Water Quality Criteria
Water Quality
Crop
Water
Reservoir
Ground-
Domestic
Parameter
irrigation
exchange
recharge
water
non-potable
recharge
BOD5 mg/L
30
30
≤3
≤3
≤3
TSS, mg/L
50
50
≤5
≤5
≤5
Turbidity, NTU
20
–
5
10
≤2
1,000
5000
<3
≤ 500
≤ 500
Intestinal nematodes, #/L
1
1
–
–
–
Total nitrogen, mg/L
30
–
≤ 10
≤ 10
≤ 10
Total phosphorus, mg/L
6-8
–
≤ 0.6
≤1
≤1
6–9
6–9
6–9
6–9
6–9
Chlorine residual, mg/L
–
–
–
–
≥1
Drinking water standards
–
–
Yes
As required
–
Fecal coliform, #/100 ml
pH
Build Institutional Capacity
Public Participation Program for
Water Reuse System Planning
Specific
Users
Survey
Alternatives
Identification
& Evaluation
Preliminary
Investigation
CustomerSpecific
Workshops
General
Survey
Plan of
Study
Plan
Selection
Public
Notification/
Involvement
Project
Implementation
Customer-Specific
Information
Program(s)
Stakeholders for Recycle & Reuse
Prospective
Buyer
SPV –
SPV
Distributor for Recycled Water and
Collector of revenue.
Marketing of recycled water
Contractor Private/PPP
Producer of Recycled water
and Sells water. Take-orPay contract.
Buyer-
Provides Assured uptake of
recycled water
BOT
Contractor
Promoters of Recycled Water
Central Govt. or
any State Govt.
SPV or
any
Water Board
Prospective
Buyers
• Policy Development for R&R
• Guidance Document with legal &
Institutional drivers
• Commercial/Fiscal incentives
• Water Quality Regulation and monitoring
• Arbitrations
• Risk Management Framework
• Implementation of R&R
• Demand Assessment and Marketing
• Financial and Institutional framework
• Public Awareness Campaign
• Water Purchase and Sale agreements
• Water Quality Monitoring
• Customer Service
• Commitment to use Recycled Water
• Infrastructure for use of Recycle water
within their premises.
• Water Quality and Quantity Bench-marks.
• Point of use treatment if required.
• Promotion of Recycled water
Suggested Financial Model for Project Implementation
Stakeholders
Equity
Contractor
Financial
Institutions
SPV
Govt./
Donor Grant
Water Board,
Stakeholders and
others
Recycled Water
Revenue
Thank You!
[email protected]