Chapter 5: Nomenclature Rules or
I Love It When a Plan
Comes Together
I.
Types of Compounds
A. Molecular
B. Ionic
II.
Naming Ionic Compounds
A. Binary Ionic Compounds
B. Compounds in Water
C. Ionic Compounds with
Polyatomic Anions and
Cations
III.
Naming Molecular Compounds
IV.
Naming Acids
A. Binary Acids
B. Acids from Oxyanions
V.
Writing Formulas from Names
2
I. Types of Compounds
Organic –mostly C, H, and a small amount of
other elements, generally with a Cbackbone
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Inorganic –
all others without the Cbackbone
H2O
dihydrogen monoxide
potassium cyanide
A) Molecular Compounds
Covalent Bonds Chemistry is
the BOMB!
non-metal
-
sharing of electrons
between elements
non-metal
B) Ionic Compounds
Ionic Bonds metal -
transfer of electrons
between elements
non-metal
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II. Naming Ionic Compounds
A) Binary Ionic Compounds
Types of Binary Ionic Compounds
Type 1 -
contain metals that form only one ion of
specific charge
Type 2 -
contain metals that can form ions with
different charges
Type 1
- most main group elements plus Ag, Zn, Cd, Ni
Type 2
- most transition metals and inner transition metals plus
Ga, In,Tl, Sn, Pb, Bi, Po*
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Rules for Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
1. Cation Anion
2. Name of Cation =Type 1 - name of neutral metal
=Tpye 2 - name of neutral
metal (R.N.)
Cmpd
Cation
Anion
Cation Name
3. Name of Anion = root name of neutral element with
-ide ending
Cmpd
Cation
Anion
Anion Name
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C.) Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic
Anions and Cations
Polyatomic Ion  ion composed of
multiple atoms
Examples
Exception to Rule
Rule  Molecular Compd. – no metals
Ionic Cmpd. – metal and non-metal
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Formulas for Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
Ions
Formula
Fomula
Ions
7
B.) Compounds in Water
H2O
Ionic and Molecular  ???
www.newworldencyclopedia.org, igcsetuition.blogspot.com
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I.
WHAT IS AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?
1. What is a solution?
Solution a homogeneous mixture of two
or more substances (solute(s)
and solvent)
Solvent -
chemical in the largest amount
Solute(s) -
chemical dissolved in the
solvent
2.
What does aqueous mean?
(aq) – aqueous
(s) –
solid
9
II. Aqueous Compounds:
1. Electrolyte - Compound that dissolves in
water to produces ions
2. Non-Electrolyte - compound that dissolves
but does not produce ions
in water
1. Electrolytes
Strong Electrolyte -
for every molecule or
formula unit that
dissolves we get at
least two ions
H2O
Weak Electrolyte -
only a small fraction
of the compounds that
dissolve produce ions
10
Soluble Ionic Compounds
1. Are all strong electrolytes
2. Dissociate into constituent ions
11
Soluble Molecular Compounds (Acids)
- molecular compound with H listed first in
the formula or with an H after –COO in the
formula (this H or H’s can be transferred)
HI CH4 HC2H3O2 CH3COOH
H3PO4
Properties of Acids
Strong Acids
12
Acids Continued
Weak Acid
- acid dissolves but only a small fraction of particles
ionize to produce H3O+
13
Bases
-
bases produce OH- when dissolved in water
Ionic
Molecular
Our Class (Chem. 130)
14
2. Non-Electrolytes
- dissolve but do not produce ions
- molecular compounds that are neither acids nor
bases
15
Examples
Compound
Cation Anion
Formula
Name
16
Naming Ionic Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
1.
Name Cation (R.N. if needed)
2.
Name Anion (memorize)
Help Distinguishing Between Oxyanions
Oxyanion
-
element bonded with
oxygen to form an anion
Increasing #’s of Oxygen
17
Examples
Oxyanion
Original Ion
Non-metal
Added H
# O’s
New Ion
Name
Name
18
Oxyanions with Halogens
Cl -
ClO- or OCl-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-
Br -
BrO- or OBr-, BrO2-, BrO3-, BrO4-
I
IO- or OI-, IO2-, IO3-, IO4-
-
Increasing #’s of Oxygen
Ion Formula
Name
19
Practice
Compound
Cation Anion
Formula
Name
20
III.
Naming Molecular Compounds
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
21
Rules for Names and Formulas of
Inorganic Binary Molecular Cmpds
1. Element furthest to the left and lowest on the
P.T. is usually written first in the name and
formula
2. In the name, numbers of atoms are given by
Greek prefixes (mono not used for first element)
and the second element has –ide added to the
root name of the element
3. If the element starts with an “a” or “o”,
the “a” or “o” is dropped from the end of
the greek prefix
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Examples
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IV. Naming Acids
http://jnuenvis.nic.in/subject/waterchem/acidrain.gif, http://trendsupdates.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/acid-rain.jpg
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A. Naming Binary Acids
Rules
1. Name of the acid =
the root name of the
second element with
hydro as a prefix and
–ic as a suffix
2. Add word acid
Non-Metal
Acid Formula
Name
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B. Naming Acids from Oxyanions
-
Add H to oxyanions
Increasing #’s of Oxygen
Increasing #’s of Oxygen
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EXAMPLES
Oxyanion
Acid Formula
Name
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V. Writing Formulas from Names
Name
Potassium
hydroxide
Lead(IV) oxide
Ammonium
perchlorate
Cobalt(III)
nitrate
Calcium
hypoiodite
Aluminum
sulfite
Sodium
phosphide
Compound
Cation Anion
Formula
28
Hydrobromic Acid
Carbon tetrachloride
Iodous acid
Hypochlorous acid