86
VOL. 51, N0.2, CAN. PLANT DIS. SURV. JUNE, 1971
ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF MYCODIPLOSIS LARVAE
(DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) FEEDING ON RUST FUNGI
J . M. Powell'
Abstract
M codi losis larvae were found feeding on various spore states of the
f o l l e fungi:
Wint., Chrysomyxa woroninii
Tranz., Coleosporium
vernoniae Berk. E
Curt.,
Cronartium coleosporioides Arth., Cronartium comandrae Pk.,
Endocronartium ar nessii J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsu a, Me am sora e itea
T um., Puccinit Ear &
:
h
e
herdiae J.J. Davis, kPuccin:asffrum e h i
Otth., an P;ccinias turn s arzum
int.) E. Fisch. T e arvae o c c u h
the p i n e d s f $ e o s p o r i o i d e s
and Ch,ntrtium comandrae on
pine as well as on alternate hosts and appeared to markedly reduce the
amount of rust inoculum available for dispersal.
A list of rusts and other fungi that are
attacked by M codi losis spp. was recently
published ( 3 )
of these records
pertained to reports of M codi losis spp. on
rusts from North Americ-amp
(1 )
recently reported M codi losis im atientis
Felt feeding on the
- 0
trifolii (Hedw. f. ex. DC) Lev. on various
species of 'clover (Triioliumj in central and
northern Alberta, but I am unaware of any
other report of M codi losis spp. feeding on
rust fungi in Ca-than
that briefly
mentioned in a paper by the author (4).
-.
~~~
~
During surveys for pine stem rust fungi
between 1965 and 1967 in southern Alberta,
over 25 collections were made of M codi losis
larvae feeding on spores of- t
rusts. After receiving a comment from R.J.
Gaane (Dersonal communication. 1970) that all
triie Gcodiplosis feed on .rusts, I made a
preliminary search for other M codi losis
larvae- in some of the rust matethe mycological herbarium of the Canadian
Forestry Service, Edmonton (CFB).
comandrae. Between 25 and 75% of the cankers
at two locations south of the Kananaskis
Forest Experiment
Station, near
Seebe,
Alberta, contained M codi losislarvae in the
years 1965 to e
8
6
9
1
were observed
eating large numbers of spores and often
caused the aeciospores to become aggregated
in a mass of fine silk, which gave a mealy
bleached appearance to the spores.
The
larvae took on the color of the spores. The
larvae found on 2. coleosporioides f. album
were white, but they were various shades of
orange and yellow when feeding on spores of
C.
coleos orioides, C.
comandrae, E.
Karknessii axd P. cariciz-she herdiae.
TKe
larvae did not $pate on the rEsts but in the
soil or duff -layers. Rearings from duff
material, collected around the base of C.
comandrae-infected trees at one locatioii,
larvae on the cankers of pine stem rusts.
Larvae of M codi losis spp. appear to be
g
e
n
t
g
the amount of
important a
Table 1 lists Mycodiplosis material from
pine
stem
rust
inoculum available for
1 1 different rust fungi, in some cases on
dispersal, and presumably play a similar role
several host plants, none of which are
on the other rusts.
Golenia (2) surmised
recorded by Nijveldt ( 3 ) . M codi losis were
that M codi losis spp. may play a part in the
collected on the s p e r m o q e a e c i a l
biolo-ol
of Puccinia menthae Pers.
states of Cronartium coieosporioides and
Nijve t ( 3 )
and Urom ces valerianae uc
Cronartium comandrae on Pinus contorta, and
stat&
more invesfigttion is nzded to
on the uredial and telial-tes
o f these
establish the value of gall midge larvae in
rusts on the alternate hosts. Most larval
the control of fungi.
Most cecidomyiids,
collections on the pine stem rusts were made
whose larvae are associated with fungi and
in July and August, although some were
esneciallv the rusts. belona to the aenus
collected as early as June 12 and others as
M codi losis ( 3 ) .
Further
investigation
late as September 28.
Collections on the
~1-w
show that larva; of this genus
other rusts were made over a similar period
may be associated with many more rust fungi
of the year (Table 1).
in North America.
.
up to 250 M codi losis larvae were often
present
on
cankers of
C.
Acknowledgments
Research Scientist, Canadian Forestry
Service,
Department of
Fisheries and
Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta.
I wish to thank R.J. Gagne, Systematic
Entomology Laboratory, U.S.
Department of
Agriculture,
U.S.
National
Museum,
--
I
I_
I
-
,
a7
VOL.51, N 0 . 2 , CAN. PLANT DIS. SURV. JUNE, 1971
Washington, D.C., for identifying the larvae
and
adults
as Mycodiplosis and
for
infohation on the genus.
Literature cited
1.
2.
3.
Berkenkamp, El.
1969.
M codi losis
(Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
clover rust (Uromyces trifolii) spores.
Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 49:65.
Golenia, A.
rola w biologicznym zwalczamir choroby.
Buil. panstw. Inst. Nauk. Lecz. Surow.
Ros.
Poznan 7:239-246.
(Rev. Appl.
Mycol. 41: 733. 1 9 6 2 ) .
Nijveldt, W.
1969.
Gall midges
of
economic
importance.
Vol. 8. Gall
Miscellaneous.
Crosby
midges
Lockwood, London. 221 p.
-
4.
Larwy muchowki
sp. Zerujace na rdzyo
uccinia menthae Pers.) i ich
1961.
Powell, J . M .
1971.
The arthropod fauna
collected from the comandra blister
Cronartium
comandrae,
on
rust ,
Can.
lodgepole pine
in Alberta.
Entomol. 103:908-918.
Rust fungi and p l a n t hosts from which larvae of Pfywdiplosis were collected
Table 1.
Collections
Spore
Rust
Location
Date
Chrysomyxa p i r o l a t a Wint.
Pyrola a s a r i f o l i a Michx.
I1
A l t a . ; Yukon
June 15, 23
Chrysomyxa p i r o l a t a
Pyrola virens schweigg.
I1
Alta.
June 2 1
Ledum groenlandicum Oeder
I11
Yukon
July 27
Chrysonyxd woroninii Tranz
.
Aug. 19
11, I11 Alta.
Aug. 17, Sept. 17
Solidago decumbens Greene
I1
N.W.T.
July 28
vernonia laltissima Nutt.
11, 111 Ohio
Sept. 1
Aug. 13
Aster wnspicuus Lindl
C o l e o s p r i um asterum
AS ter s p
Coleosporium asterum
Coleosporium vernoniae Berk. Ei Curt
.
.
11, 111 Alta.
Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd.
.
C a s t i l l e j a miniata Dougl.
11, 111 Alta.
Cronartium coleosporioides
Pinus contorta Dougl. var.
l a t i f o l i a hgelm.
0
Cmnartium coleosporioides f . album Z i l l e r
Pinus w n t o r t a var. l a t i f o l i a
I
Crunarti um comandrae Pk
Comandra umbellata (L.)
Nutt. ssp. p a l l i d a ( A . K . )
Piehl
11, I11 A l t a . ;
Cronartium mmandrae
Pinus contorta v q . l a t i f o l i a
0
Endocronartium harknessii
( J . P . Moore) Y. Hiratsuka
Pinus contorta var. l a t i f o l i a
III'
Melampsora e p i t e a Thcim.
S a l i x sp.
Puccinia caricis- shepherdiae J. J.
Davis
Shepherdia canadensis (L. )
Nutt
Cronartium wleosporioides Arth
.
.
Pucciniastrum e p i l o b i i Otth.
Epilobium angustifolium L.
Pucciniastrum e p i l o b i i
Epilobium glandulosum Lehm
Pucciniastrum sparsum (Wint.) E. Fisch.
Arctastaphylos rubra
(Rehd. h W i l s . ) Fern.
*
I
state*
Host
0 = spenaogonial; I = aecial; I1 = uredial; I11 = t e l i a l ; 111'
.
,I
June 19-July 11
Alta.
July 11
Alta.
,I
B.C.
Aug. 17-Sept. 10
Alta.
June 19-Sept. 28
Alta.
June 1 2
I1
Alta.
July 20-Aug.
I
Alta
.
July 30
11, 111 Alta.
Aug. 11
11, 111 A l t a .
J u l y 29
I1
July 27
N.W.T.
= aecidioid teliospores.
30