"Germany from 1871 to the Present"
Dr. Marcel Jesenský
Learning in Retirement, Carleton University
1 March - 5 April 2017
Democracy and Dictatorship (1918-1938)
The Treaty of Versailles
The Weimar Republic
The collapse of the economy
Gleichschaltung
(Counter)Revolution
November 1918
Council of People’s Plenipotentiaries
Spartacus Week (January 1919)
Freikorps, NSDAP, A. Hitler
‘Beer Hall putsch’ (Nov 1923)
Treaty of Versailles
shock and dismay
losses, restrictions, reparations
war-guilt clause
isolation
Treaty of Rapallo (April 1922)
The Weimar Constitution
‘people’ (Volk)
something for everyone
Article 48
the flag
‘rejectionists’
Economic and social problems
tremendous shifts
industrial production (1913 – 100, 1919 – 37)
reparations (132 bln gold marks)
1/19 8.9; 10/22 4,500; 1/23 18,000
15 Nov 23 4.2 trillion; the Rentenmark (4.2)
the Ruhr crisis (Jan 1923)
Fools’ Gold
Paul von Hindenburg
the Reichsmark
the Dawes/Young Plans
Weimar culture
‘spirit of Locarno’
The Collapse and the End
October 1929
fiscal crisis
unemployment
March 1930
‘presidential regime’
New Conservatism
civil service, army, business
KPD, NSDAP
presidential chancellors
6.2 million (1932)
monarchy, dictatorship ?
The Nazis’ Rise to Power
Depression, KPD
November criminals, Jews, Marxists
May 1928 (12) Sept 1930 (107)
July 1932 (230) Dec 1932 (196)
Franz von Papen
30 January 1933
Gleichschaltung (‘synchronization’)
political activities, dictatorship, values
race and space
unemployment
self-sufficiency
Volksgemeinschaft (people’s community)
‘Dual state’
the SA, SS, SD, concentration camps, racial laws
28 Feb 1933, Enabling Act
president, chancellor, NSDAP
revolt against modernism
normality, fear, conformity, uniformity
One Saturday morning
qualitative difference
diplomatic crises
October 1933
the Saar, the Rhineland
Soviet Union, Italy, Japan, Britain, France