Ocean-Going Vessel Testing: A Comparison
Between the Semtech DS and Horiba PG-250
Bill Welch
University of California, Riverside
March 30, 2012
Objective
Compare emissions measurements made with marine
engine reference methods to those made with Portable
Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) on a container
ship at sea
Topics
-
Test Methods
Ships, Engines, and Fuels
Sampling System Configuration and Operation
Gaseous Emission Measurement Comparison
Modal Emission Factors
Overall Weighted Average Emission Factor Comparison
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Test Methods
- Simplified Measurement Method (SMM)
-
compliant with the International Maritime Organization
(IMO) NOx technical code
- Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS)
-
compliant with USEPA’s 40 CFR Part 1065 for on-road
emission testing
Ships, Engines, and Fuels
Trip 1
Trip 2
Trip 3
Container Ship Tests
Engine Model
Jul-2009
Vessel 1
Sulzer 9RTA84C
Aug-2009
(Panamax Class)
Vessel 2
Sep-2010
Hyundai MAN B&W 11K98ME7
(Post Panamax Class)
Operating Loads
29%, 52%, 73%, 81%
28%, 44%, 69%, 83%
24%, 47%, 75%, 90%
Sampling System Flow Diagram
l > 10 d
VN
Exhaust
Pipe
d
Vent
CS
Dilution Tunnel
Quartz
WR1
PTFE
WR2
CO
HL1
HL3
HL2
Exhaust
Semtech-DS 1
PG-250 1
J.U.M.
Semtech-DS 2
PG-250 2
To Vacuum
Pumps
VN: Venturi HL: Heated Line WR: Water Removal System CO: Critical Orifice CS: Cyclone Separator
SMM/PEMS NOx Measurement Comparison
SMM/PEMS CO2 Measurement Comparison
SMM/PEMS CO Measurement Comparison
SMM/PEMS Measurement Correlation
Gaseous and particulate modal emission factors
Overall Weighted Average Emission Factor Comparison
Summary and Conclusions
- Emissions measurements were made using the SMM
and PEMS methods during three expeditions on
Ocean-going vessels at sea
- Excellent correlation between the two methods for
CO2 measurements
- PEMS measurements for NOx 4.8% higher than SMM,
Possibly due to cross-sensitivity of NDUV to SO2
- PEMS measurements of CO problematic for low CO
concentrations found in large, low-speed marine engines
- Modal emission factors consistent well between trips
- Overall weighted average emission factors compared
with published numbers
Acknowledgements
- United States Environmental Protection Agency
- Co-authors M. Yusuf Khan, Sindhuja Ranganathan,
Dr. Harshit Agrawal, Dr. J. Wayne Miller,
Dr. David R. Cocker III, and Christopher Laroo (EPA)
- CE-CERT and shipping company staff