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Animallike Protists – Practice
1.) Examine the accompanying diagram of a paramecium. Indentify each part and write a definition for the
function of that part.
a
a. Food vacuole – small sacs filled with food and
i
lysosomes (enzyme) that digests the food.
b. Gullet (oral groove) – an indent in the side of
b
the paramecium used to channel food into for
h
processing into food vacuoles.
c. Trichocysts – spiny projections contained in small
flask-shaped under teh pellicle. They are used for defense.
c
d. Anal Pore – site for waste food release.
e. Contractile Vacuole – used to take in and release
g
excess water to maintain proper osmotic pressure.
f. Cillia – hair like projections used for locomotion
d
and directing food particles into the gullet.
g. Pellicle – composed of the cell membrane
f
e
And underlying structures. Used to protect
the cell, house the trichocysts, and maintain
osmotic pressure.
h. Macronucleus - nucleic acid in the DNA form that is used as coding for building a
paramecium.
i. Micronucleus – form of DNA that is copied and shared for sexual reproduction and not used
for coding new proteins.
2.) In your own words, describe the events that occur during conjugation in paramecium.
______Occurs when the paramecium is stressed (high temperature or starvation). Two paramecium
attach, the macronuclei disintegrate, and their diploid (2N) micronuclei undergo meiosis to have 4
haploid micronuclei (N). Three of haploid micronuclei are reabsorbed by the paramecium leaving only one
micronuclei, which divides into two. Each paramecium exchanges one with each other. The old micronuclei
fuses with the new to become a diploid micronuclei again and the macronuclei reforms_____.
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3.) Why is conjugation significant? _____the significance is due to the mixing of genes from two different
paramecium. This results in more diversity among the species and increases the likely hood of
adaptations and ultimately species survival _____.
4.) What are two ways in which animallike protists harm other organisms?____through their lifecycle
damaging tissues in the host or by feeding on the hosts tissues___.
5.) Examine the following diagram of the life cycle of Plasmodium, the protist that causes malaria in
humans. Describe what is depicted at each stage.
d
e
f
c
g
b
a
a.
Female anopheles mosquito is infected by host blood with plasmodium gametocytes
when it sucks hosts blood.
b. The male and female gametes of the protist join (fertilization) and form a 2N
zygote.
c.
Plasmodium zygite undergoes meiosis to ultimately form sporozoites which travel to
the salivary ducts of the female mosquito.
d. Female anopheles mosquito unwittingly infects host with plasmodium protist when it
sucks hosts blood.
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e.
Sporozoites travel to hosts liver and infect liver cells.
f.
Liver cells burst from when full of plasmodium merozoite which travel through the
blood and infect erythrocyctes (red blood cells).
g.
The merozoite develop into male and female gametophytes inside of the hosts red
blood cells and burst forth to infect a mosquito that mat feed on this host.
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