American Chronicles Series
Prelude to War
INTRODUCTION TO THE AIMS TEACHING MODULE (ATM)
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Organization and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
INTRODUCING PRELUDE TO WA R
Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
PREPARATION FOR VIEWING
Introduction to the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Introduction to Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Discussion Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Jump Right In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
AFTER VIEWING THE PROGRAM
Suggested Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Checking Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Wartime Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Military Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Prelude to War Time Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Metaphors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
SE C T I O N 1
(Blue)
SECTION 2
(Purple)
SE C T I O N 3
(Green)
SECTION 4
(Red)
ADDITIONAL AIMS MEDIA PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
ANSWER KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Multimedia
All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted without written permission of AIMS Multimedia
with these exceptions: Persons or schools purchasing this AIMS Teaching Module may reproduce consumable ATM
pages, identified in Section 4, for student or classroom use.
AIMS Multimedia is a leading producer and distributor of technology resources serving schools and libraries for
nearly 40 years. AIMS draws upon the most up-to-date knowledge, existing and emerging technologies, and
all of the instructional and pedagogical resources available to develop and distribute educational programs in
film, videocassette, laserdisc, CD-ROM and CD-i formats.
Persons or schools interested in obtaining additional copies of this AIMS Teaching Module, please contact:
AIMS Multimedia
1-800-FOR-AIMS
1-800-367-2467
AIMS TEACHING MODULE WRITTEN
2
BY
BETH WINSON
Congratulations!
You have chosen a learning resource
that will actively motivate your students
AND provide you with easily accessible
and easily manageable instructional
guidelines designed to make your
teaching role efficient and rewarding.
The AIMS Teaching Module
accompanies a program keyed
to your classroom curriculum. The ATM
includes instructions and guidelines for
use, plus a comprehensive teaching
program containing a wide range
of activities and ideas for interaction
between all content areas. Our
authors, educators, and consultants
have written and reviewed the AIMS
Teaching Modules to align with the
Educate America Act: Goals 2000.
This ATM, with its clear definition of
manageability, both in the classroom
and beyond, allows you to tailor
specific activities to meet all of your
classroom needs.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
RATIONALE
In today’s classrooms, educational
pedagogy is often founded on
Benjamin S. Bloom’s “Six Levels of
Cognitive Complexity.” The practical
application of Bloom’s Taxonomy is
to evaluate students’ thinking skills on
these levels, from the simple to the
complex: Knowledge (rote memor y
skills), Comprehension (the ability to
relate or retell), Application (the ability
to apply knowledge outside its origin),
Analysis (relating and differentiating
parts of a whole), Synthesis (relating
parts to a whole), and Evaluation
(making a judgment or formulating
an opinion).
The AIMS Teaching Module is
designed to facilitate these intellectual
capabilities, AND to integrate
classroom experiences and
assimilation of learning with the
students’ life experiences, realities, and
expectations. AIMS’ learner verification
studies prove that our AIMS Teaching
Modules help students to absorb,
retain, and to demonstrate ability to
use new knowledge in their world.
Our educational materials are written
and designed for today’s classroom,
which incorporates a wide range of
intellectual, cultural, physical, and
emotional diversities.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT
To facilitate ease in classroom
manageability, the AIMS Teaching
Module is organized in four sections,
identifiable by their color across the
top of the page and at the side tab
margin. You are reading SECTION 1,
INTRODUCTION TO THE AIMS
TEACHING MODULE (ATM).
SECTION 2,
INTRODUCING THIS ATM
will give you the specific information
you need to integrate the program into
your classroom curriculum.
SECTION 3,
PREPARATION FOR VIEWING
provides suggestions and strategies for
motivation, language preparedness,
readiness, and focus prior to using the
program with your students.
SECTION 4,
AFTER VIEWING THE PROGRAM
provides suggestions for additional
activities plus an assortment of
consumable assessment and extended
activities, designed to broaden
comprehension of the topic and to
make connections to other curriculum
content areas.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
FEATURES
INTRODUCING EACH ATM
SECTION 2
Your AIMS Teaching Module is
designed to accompany a
program written and produced by
some of the world’s most credible
and creative writers and producers
of educational technology resources.
To facilitate diversity and flexibility in
your classroom, your AIMS Teaching
Module features these components:
Themes
The Major Theme tells how this AIMS
Teaching Module is keyed into the
curriculum. Related Themes offer
suggestions for interaction with other
curriculum content areas, enabling
teachers to use the teaching module
to incorporate the topic into a variety
of learning areas.
Overview
The Overview provides a synopsis
of content covered in the program.
Its purpose is to give you a summary
of the subject matter and to enhance
your introductory preparation.
Objectives
The ATM learning objectives provide
guidelines for teachers to assess what
learners can be expected to gain from
each program. After completion of the
AIMS Teaching Module, your students
will be able to demonstrate dynamic
and applied comprehension of
the topic.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
PREPARATION FOR VIEWING
Discussion Ideas
AFTER VIEWING THE PROGRAM
SECTION 3
Discussion Ideas are designed to
help you assess students’ prior
knowledge about the topic and to
give students a preview of what
they will learn. Active discussion
stimulates interest in a subject and
can motivate even the most reluctant
learner. Listening, as well as speaking,
is active participation. Encourage
your students to participate at the
rate they feel comfortable. Model
sharing personal experiences when
applicable, and model listening to
students’ ideas and opinions.
SECTION 4
In preparation for using the
program, the AIMS Teaching Module
offers activity and/or
discussion ideas that you may use
in any order or combination.
Introduction To The Program
Introduction to the Program is
designed to enable students to recall
or relate prior knowledge about the
topic and to prepare them for what
they are about to learn.
After your students have interacted
with the program, you may integrate
any or all of these activities with other
curriculum content areas, provide
reinforcement, assess comprehension
skills, or provide hands-on and
in-depth extended study of the topic.
Focus
Introduction To Vocabulary
Introduction to Vocabulary is a
review of language used in the
program: words, phrases, usage.
This vocabulary introduction is
designed to ensure that all learners,
including limited English proficiency
learners, will have full understanding
of the language usage in the content
of the program.
Help learners set a purpose for
using the program with Focus,
designed to give students a focal
point for comprehension continuity.
Jump Right In
Jump Right In provides abbreviated
instructions for quick management
of the program.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
SUGGESTED
ACTIVITIES
The Suggested Activities offer ideas
for activities you can direct in the
classroom or have your students
complete independently, in pairs, or
in small work groups after they have
used the program. To accommodate
your range of classroom needs, the
activities are organized into skills
categories. Their labels will tell you
how to identify each activity and help
you correlate it into your classroom
curriculum. To help you schedule
your classroom lesson time, the
AIMS hourglass gives you an estimate
of the time each activity should
require. Some of the activities fall
into these categories:
Meeting Individual
Needs
These activities are designed to aid
in classroom continuity. Reluctant
learners and learners acquiring
English will benefit from these activities
geared to enhance comprehension
of language in order to fully grasp
content meaning.
Curriculum Connections
Many of the suggested activities are
intended to integrate the content of
the ATM program into other content
areas of the classroom curriculum.
These cross-connections turn the
classroom teaching experience into
a whole learning experience.
Critical Thinking
In The Newsroom
Critical Thinking activities are
designed to stimulate learners’ own
opinions and ideas. These activities
require students to use the thinking
process to discern fact from opinion,
consider their own problems and
formulate possible solutions, draw
conclusions, discuss cause and effect,
or combine what they already know
with what they have learned to
make inferences.
Each AIMS Teaching Module contains
a newsroom activity designed to help
students make the relationship between
what they learn in the classroom and
how it applies in their world. The
purpose of In The Newsroom is to
actively involve each class member in
a whole learning experience. Each
student will have an opportunity to
perform all of the tasks involved in
production: writing, researching,
producing, directing, and interviewing
as they create their own classroom
news program.
Cultural Diversity
Each AIMS Teaching Module has an
activity called Cultural Awareness,
Cultural Diversity, or Cultural
Exchange that encourages students
to share their backgrounds, cultures,
heritage, or knowledge of other
countries, customs, and language.
Hands On
These are experimental or tactile
activities that relate directly to the
material taught in the program.Your
students will have opportunities to
make discoveries and formulate ideas
on their own, based on what they
learn in this unit.
Extended Activities
These activities provide opportunities
for students to work separately or
together to conduct further research,
explore answers to their own
questions, or apply what they
have learned to other media or
content areas.
Link to the World
These activities offer ideas for
connecting learners’ classroom
activities to their community and
the rest of the world.
Writing
Every AIMS Teaching Module will
contain an activity designed for
students to use the writing process
to express their ideas about what they
have learned. The writing activity may
also help them to make the connection
between what they are learning in
this unit and how it applies to other
content areas.
Culminating Activity
To wrap up the unit, AIMS Teaching
Modules offer suggestions for ways
to reinforce what students have
learned and how they can use their
new knowledge to enhance their
world view.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
VOCABULARY
CONSUMABLE
ACTIVITIES
Every ATM contains an activity that
reinforces the meaning and usage of
the vocabulary words introduced in
the program content. Students will
either read or find the definition of
each vocabulary word, then use the
word in a written sentence.
CHECKING
COMPREHENSION
Checking Comprehension is designed
to help you evaluate how well your
students understand, retain, and recall
the information presented in the AIMS
Teaching Module. Depending on your
students’ needs, you may direct this
activity to the whole group yourself,
or you may want to have students work
on the activity page independently, in
pairs, or in small groups. Students can
verify their written answers through
discussion or by interacting with the
program a second time. If you choose,
you can reproduce the answers from
your Answer Key or write the answer
choices in a Word Bank for students
to use. Students can use this completed
activity as a study guide to prepare
for the test.
The AIMS Teaching Module provides
a selection of consumable activities,
designed to specifically reinforce the
content of this learning unit. Whenever
applicable, they are arranged in
order from low to high difficulty level,
to allow a seamless facilitation of the
learning process. You may choose to
have students take these activities
home or to work on them in the
classroom independently, in pairs
or in small groups.
TEST
The AIMS Teaching Module Test
permits you to assess students’
understanding of what they have
learned. The test is formatted in
one of several standard test formats
to give your students a range of
experiences in test-taking techniques.
Be sure to read, or remind students
to read, the directions carefully
and to read each answer choice
before making a selection. Use the
Answer Key to check their answers.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
ADDITIONAL AIMS
MEDIA PROGRAMS
After you have completed this AIMS
Teaching Module you may be interested
in more of the programs that AIMS
offers. This list includes several related
AIMS programs.
ADDITIONAL READING
SUGGESTIONS
AIMS offers a carefully researched list
of other resources that you and your
students may find rewarding.
ANSWER KEY
Reproduces tests and work pages
with answers marked.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group
American Chronicles Series
Prelude to War
THEMES
The ten titles in the American
Chronicles series address many major
themes in the Social Sciences
curriculum, including Presidential
Politics; International Foreign Policy;
Capitalism, Communism, and
Dictatorships; World War II Battles and
Boundaries; The Korean Conflict; The
Cold War; and World Leaders. Minor
themes include Geography; Women In
History; Minority Contributions to
American Life; History of Warfare and
Weaponry; The Arab-Israeli Conflict;
Nationalism and Communism in China;
and American Recreation and Leisure.
OVERVIEWS
Below is an overview of the ten
segments in the American Chronicles
Series. This segment, Prelude to
War, is in boldface type.
Between The Wars (1918-1939)
The years following
World War I
are an era of wild abandon in
America. Daredevil
barnstormers
catch the public eye; automobiles roll
off assembly lines; the flights of Amelia
Earhart gain national attention. But disaster dampens the high spirits. Floods
and dust storms leave millions destitute;
the Hindenburg tragically and mysteriously explodes into flames; and the
Depression sweeps America. FDR, perhaps the nation’s most popular president, leads the country back onto its
feet.
Seeds of Discord (1933-1936)
Hitler and Mussolini plan to conquer the
world. American workers form labor
unions. Gandhi leads India in its
struggle for self-rule; Batista seizes
power in Cuba; Mao Tse-Tung’s
communists throw China into civil war;
Japan invades Manchuria; and King
Alexander of Yugoslavia is assassinated.
In the U.S., the Great Depression lifts as
the manufacturing of arms increases.
Prelude to War (1935-1939)
Britain’s King Edward abdicates
to marry American divorcee and
commoner Wallis Simpson.
Focusing on entertainment,
Americans are thrilled by
DiMaggio, rodeo, and racing.
Hitler rallies the German youth,
imprisons Jews, forms an Axis
alliance with Italy, and retakes
the Rhineland. Civil war tears
Spain apart. Japan conquers
one-third of China. Russia signs
a peace pact with Hitler.
America begins construction of
war materials.
The Darkest Hour (1939-1941)
Hitler invades Poland and marches on
Norway, Belgium, and Holland; and
with Mussolini, moves into France. As
France and Britain declare war on
Germany, Britain withstands enormous
punishment. FDR pledges to keep
America out of war, even though the first
peacetime conscription drafts one million
young men. Japan, now allied with Nazi
Germany, attacks Pearl Harbor.
The Turning Point (1941-1944)
MacArthur leads the U.S. war effort
against Japan as Hitler declares war
on America. Japan takes the
Philippines, and the first Allied assault
on Nazi-held Europe is disastrous.
Hitler’s great losses on the Russian
front mark a turning point. Eisenhower
leads the Allies to victory over
German troops. U.S. forces prepare
for air attacks on Germany. Patton
takes Sicily. Italy surrenders and turns
against Hitler. America turns the war
in the Pacific in its favor by defeating
Japan at Midway.
End of the Ordeal (1943-1945)
The Normandy invasion is successful.
When France is liberated, General
de Gaulle becomes head of the
government. At the Yalta Conference,
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin divide the
spoils of war. President Roosevelt dies
in office; Germany finally surrenders
on May 7, 1945; Hitler commits
suicide. The war leaves Europe devastated. Japan launches kamikaze
attacks to beat America in the Pacific.
President Truman approves dropping
atomic bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki. Japan surrenders on
September 2, 1945.
Out of the Ashes (1945-1949)
At the end of the most destructive war
in history, the trials at Nuremberg and
the military tribunal in Tokyo condemn
“war criminals” to death. The U.N. is
established in 1946 to maintain
lasting world peace. Relieved,
Americans throw themselves into
sports and recreation at war’s end.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
The Cold War begins as the Soviets
walk out of the U.N. in disagreement,
and build defenses along their borders.
The U.S. airlifts supplies to West Berlin
over the Soviet blockade. The FBI
searches out Americans who may be
Communists. In 1949, Mao Tse-Tung
establishes Communism on mainland
China.
Policing the Peace (1948-1951)
Israel is proclaimed a state and conflict
with Arab nations ensues. Egypt
seizes the Suez Canal; Israel invades
the Sinai Peninsula. Gandhi is
assassinated; India wins its
independence. Ethiopia inspires other
African nations to demand
independence. Communist North
Korean troops cross into South Korea.
A U.N. peacekeeping force is sent in.
Red China then gives military aid to
North Korea.
The Age of Anxiety (1952-1958)
Eisenhower is elected the first
Republican president in twenty years.
In 1953, the Korean War ends, splitting up Korea. Elizabeth is crowned
queen of England. Edmund Hillary and
Tenzing Norkay climb Mount Everest.
Stalin dies, leaving Khrushchev to develop his “Good-guy diplomacy.” In the
arms race between U.S. and Russia, the
U.S. unveils the Nike surface-to-air missile. France withdraws troops from
Vietnam; Castro challenges Batista in
Cuba; U.S.-backed dictator Juan Peron
is ousted from Argentina; Red China
takes islands belonging to Taiwan.
Anti-U.S. sentiment grows in South
America.
The Fragile Balance (1955-1961)
Major nuclear powers meet in Geneva
for the first summit conference.
Disarmament is proposed but no
agreement is reached. The arms race
between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
heats up. The U.S. tests the effects of
radiation on troops and equipment by
exploding hundreds of bombs. The
competition between the U.S. and the
Soviet Union moves into space.
An American spy plane is shot down
over the U.S.S.R. John Kennedy is
elected President in 1960.
OBJECTIVES
To examine Hitler’s plan for
domination as he put it into
motion.
To depict the effects of the fear
Hitler wrought on the people and
nations of Europe.
To describe the series of events
that led up to the start of World
War II.
To show the interrelationships
between world leaders as tensions
heightened prior to World War II.
To portray America’s attempt to
stay out of the impending war.
NOTES:
Our AIMS Media Educational Department welcomes your observations and comments.
Please feel free to address your cor respondence to:
AIMS Media Editorial Department
9710 DeSoto Avenue
12
Chatsworth, California 91311-4409
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAM
Lead a class discussion about how
World War I was resolved. Ask students
to describe some of the agreements
made in the Versailles Treaty in 1919,
focusing in particular on the formation
of the League of Nations and on the
limitations placed on Germany’s
colonies and its armed forces. Remind
students that Germany was not involved
in negotiating the Treaty —
representatives from France, Great
Britain, Italy, and the United States drew
up the conditions of Germany’s
surrender and reparations. Ask students
how this fact influenced Germany’s
leadership and how it changed the
world’s view of Germany.
INTRODUCTION TO
VOCABULARY
DISCUSSION IDEAS
FOCUS
Explain to students that during the
period between the World Wars,
European countries were divided,
renamed, and/or given to new rulers,
without the consent of the people who
lived in or ruled the countries. Have the
class discuss why this was possible. Ask
students if they think this kind of political
changes can happen today, and if they
think so, ask for examples. Elicit from
students the factors that make certain
countries more or less powerful than
other countries.
Tell students to think about different
ways countries express their nationalism
or patriotism as they watch Prelude to
War.
Ask students to discuss why the United
States did not want to join the League of
Nations, and why during the period
directly after World War I, America
hesitated to engage in any conflicts
abroad. What was happening in the
United States at that time? What would
America have to gain or lose by getting
involved?
To prepare students for viewing Prelude
to War, present the words listed below
for review. Have students volunteer to
provide the definitions, or to work in
pairs or small groups to find their
meanings and report them to the class:
dictatorship, fascist, monarch, democracies, socialist.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Between the Wars
JUMP RIGHT IN
HOW TO USE THE PRELUDE
TO WAR AIMS TEACHING MODULE
Preparation
Viewing PRELUDE TO WAR
After Using PRELUDE TO WAR
Read PRELUDE TO WAR Themes,
Overview, and Objectives to
become familiar with program
content and expectations.
Make sure the viewing or work
station environment meets
individual or group learners’
needs.
Select Suggested Activities that
integrate into your classroom
curriculum. If applicable, gather
materials or resources.
Use Preparation for Viewing
suggestions to introduce the topic
to the students.
Provide various opportunities for
students to view the program.
Choose the best way for students
to work on each activity. Some
activities work best for the whole
group. Other activities are
designed for students to work
independently, or in pairs or small
groups. Whenever possible,
encourage cooperative discovery
and learning.
Assemble materials for students to
take notes or write in journals.
Using Other Technology Tools
If you have an AIMS Multimedia
title on laser disc, CD-ROM or
CD-i, make sure user is familiar
with related hardware operating
instructions.
Provide students various
opportunities for interaction,
depending on their individual
needs, using the linear presentation
or other program navigational
pathways.
Duplicate the number of
Vocabulary, Checking
Comprehension, and consumable activity pages you will need.
You may choose to have students
take consumable activities home,
or to complete them in the
classroom, either independently
or in small groups or pairs.
Administer the Test to assess
students’ comprehension of what
they have learned, and to provide
them with practice in test-taking
procedures.
Use the Culminating Activity
as a forum for students to display,
summarize, extend, or share what
they have learned with each other,
the rest of the school, or a local
community organization.
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© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
Meeting Individual Needs
To help students understand which countries fought in World War II, have them name
the alliances that fought in World War I. Have volunteers make a chalkboard list or
classroom chart, leaving room to list the countries that fought in W.W.II.
20 Minutes
Critical Thinking
Ask students to offer their opinion about this question: Why are World War I and
World War II known as “World” wars?
15 Minutes
Meeting Individual Needs
Students have learned that Germany was not satisifed with the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles, the agreement that culminated World War I. Have students research the
Treaty of Versailles, or use the points listed below, to discuss WHY Germany was
indignant. The terms of the agreement were:
1. Alsace Lorraine was returned to France.
2. West Prussia was given to Poland.
3. Rhineland occupied by Allies.
4. German army cannot exceed 100,000 men.
5. Germany can have no submarines or military aicraft.
6. Germans must pay the losing nations for expenses of the war.
30 Minutes
Connection to Language Arts
In Prelude to War, students learned that Americans became fond of “spectator”
sports.” Ask students to tell what the phrase “spectator sports” means. Then have them
work cooperatively in small groups to compile a list of spectator sports that are popular
in the United States today. Then ask: Which sports that you enjoy watching (or playing)
today were popular in the 1930s, and which do you think are relatively new to the
United States?
10 Minutes
15
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Writing
Have students write an essay about why they think Americans enjoyed the kinds of
entertainment and pastimes featured in Prelude to War. Encourage students to address
how the pastimes compared to the looming threat of war in Europe. Students should
begin the writing process by making an idea map or outline, then write a rough draft
of their essay.
40 Minutes
Cultural Awareness
In 1936, Great Britain’s King Edward VIII was forced to abdicate the throne because
he wanted to marry a commoner, a divorced American woman named Wallis
Simpson. Have students make comparisons about England’s royal family today: How is
it the same? How is it different?
15 Minutes
Cultural Exchange
If you or any of your students are from Great Britain or have any relatives from Great
Britain, or have visited there, encourage them to talk about British royalty, and how
members of the royal family are regarded by the people of the nation.
Interested students might enjoy making a British “family tree,” to show the hierarchy
over a specified period of time.
30 Minutes
Extended Activity
Interested students may want to find out more about Edward VIII, and what happened
to him after his self-imposed exile from England. Have the students or student groups
make an informal oral report to the rest of the class.
25 Minutes
16
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
In the Newsroom
During this era, when entertainment became a popular public diversion, Howard
Hughes entered the limelight as a film producer and airplane designer. Known as one
of the world’s richest men, he became a mysterious recluse. Have news reporters
prepare a story that tells about Howard Hughes and one of his accomplishments.
Encourage them to embellish their story with features such as “eyewitness” interviews,
or even to have a volunteer pretend to be Hughes himself. If possible, let students
record their story for later review.
25 Minutes
Critical Thinking
Remind students that, as they learned in Prelude to War, the Allied powers did two
things that gave the Axis powers strength by threats of force alone. The Allies allowed
Germany to reclaim the Rhineland, and they bargained away Czechoslovakia for
Hitler’s promise that he wanted no more land. Have pairs or groups of students use
reference materials to determine why the Allies chose to act as they did. Then have
students make a presentation in which they either advocate or criticize the Allies’
response in reaction to Hitler’s claiming of the Rhineland and Czechoslovakia.
25 Minutes
Extended Activity
Eleanor Roosevelt fought hard for equal rights for all: women, minorities and the
underprivileged. Encourage interested students to find out more about this great lady,
and how she served her country, both as a first lady and as a distinguished
humanitarian.
20 Minutes
Writing
If students have not already done so, have them review their essays. Tell them they
may make any changes before they write their final draft. Then have them write and
proofread their final draft for grammar, spelling and punctuation. For reflection, ask
them to discuss the use of entertainment as a means to escape, or ignore, the real dayto-day-events of the world.
20 Minutes
17
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Culminating Activity
Both American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill were eloquent men and great speechmakers. Have students culminate this
unit in history with a quote from one of these two statesmen. Tell them to research to
find a quote (or you may assign one suggested below), and to present the quote to the
class, along with an interpretation of its meaning, told in their own words. They may
want to make a visual presentation, by writing their quotes on paper or poster board,
and displaying them for the class to see. For discussion, ask students to talk about each
leader’s personality. Ask: If you could meet FDR or Sir Winston Churchill, what would
you say to him?
45 Minutes
Some suggested quotes:
“Politics are almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous. In war you can only
be killed once, but in politics many times.” (Sir Winston Churchill)
“I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside
an enigma.” (Churchill)
“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.” (Churchill)
“I have seen war....I hate war.” (Franklin Delano Roosevelt)
“This generation of Americans has a rendezvous with destiny.” (FDR)
“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.” (FDR)
18
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
VOCABULARY
Beside each word, write the letter of its definition.
1. pacifist
2. monarch
3. neutral
4. propaganda
5. ostracized
6. fascist
7. dictatorship
8. isolationist
9. abdicate
10. coronation
11. premiered
12. democracies
13. rearm
14. bargained
15. indifferent
16. paramount
17. polarizing
18. predestined
Definitions
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
ideas spread to further one cause or harm another cause
a king or queen
the crowning of a king or queen
to build a military force again
one who is strongly opposed to war
superior to all others
meant by nature or fate to happen
breaking up into opposite sides
appeared in public for the first time
countries in which rulers are elected by the citizens and laws are made by popular vote
a nation that does not form economic or political relationships with other countries
to give up the throne or another high position of power
a government by one person with absolute and complete power
without an opinion; neither liking nor disliking
a kind of dictatorship that puts nation and race above the individual
made an agreement by both giving something and receiving something
excluded from a group
not taking sides with the practices or beliefs of one nation over another
19
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
CHECKING COMPREHENSION
In 1939, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt
1. A. peace
C. democracy
B. war
D. Spain
held a series of meetings to discuss the threat of
1.
and whether the U.S.
would fight. At the meetings were representatives
from 2.
, along with other
foreign leaders.
The 1939 meetings occurred because
3.
were gaining strength and
power. The German dictator, 4.
,
planned to force all of Europe to be under
5.
rule. Emperor 6.
had led Japan to invade China. And worse,
Japan supported the Nazis.
2. A. Germany, Russia, and Great Britain
B. France, Great Britain, and Italy
C. Great Britain, Russia, and France
D. Great Britain, France, and Japan
3. A. Germany and Japan
B. Russia and Japan
C. Germany and Italy
D. Italy and the Soviet Union
4. A. Benito Mussolini
B. Adolph Hitler
C. Charles de Gaulle
D. Franklin Roosevelt
5. A. Democratic
C. Separatist
B. English
D. Fascist
6. A. Chiang Kai-shek
B. Hirohito
C. Mussolini
D. Mao Tse-Tung
20
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
Test, page 2
Germany was the biggest threat to
7. A. Netherlands
C. Rhineland
B. Master Race
D. Atlantic
peace. Hitler easily reclaimed the 7.
in 1936, and by threatening to go to war, took
8.
in 1938. Inside Germany,
Hitler sent away or killed Jews, Gypsies, and
others as he tried to create a 9.
of “pure” Germans.
Other countries grew afraid of German
invasion. The Soviet Union signed a
10.
8. A. Czechoslovakia
B. Russia
C. Spain
D. France
9. A. Master Race
C. Work Camp
B. Nazi Youth
D. Ghetto
10.A. bill of sale
B. peace pact
C. declaration of war
D. constitution
with Hitler.
21
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
WARTIME MAPPING
Look at this map of Europe and the Middle East after World War I. Make up a color or pattern key of
your own for each item listed below.
Great Britain
Germany
Spain
Italy
Russia
Poland
Yugoslavia
France
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
22
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
MILITARY LANGUAGE
Each word below is used in American Chronicles to describe or to talk about the events of
World War II. The words also have another meaning or meanings that do not relate to war or the
military. Use the words in two sentences that demonstrate the military and non-military meanings.
Use a dictionary, encyclopedia, or another resource if you need help defining the words.
assault
a.
b.
fortified
a.
b.
pincer
a.
b.
battering
a.
b.
leveled
a.
b.
mobilize
a.
b.
occupation
a.
b.
liberation
a.
b.
23
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
PRELUDE TO WAR TIME LINE
Read the list of events that led to World War II. Write the event in the box for the year it occurred.
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
• Japan attacks central coast of China.
• King Edward VIII abdicates British throne to marry Wallis Simpson.
• Hitler announces he will rearm German army.
• Britain and France sign away Czechoslovakia without their consent.
• Mussolini and Hitler form Axis Agreement.
• New York World’s Fair opens.
• Howard Hughes sets record for across-the-world flight.
• First reigning British monarch visits U.S.
• Hitler reoccupies the Rhine.
• Russia signs peace pact with Germany.
24
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
METAPHORS
Read this excerpt from Prelude to War:
By the mid 1930s, dark clouds had begun to mass on both the Atlantic and the Pacific
horizons, as Hitler’s Germany flexed its muscles, and Japan laid plans for a New Asia,
under its iron clad rule. In America, in England, and in France, the saber-rattling abroad
aroused anxiety. But problems at home were far and away the first concern.
Two years had passed since Adolf Hitler seized the reins of power in Germany, and now,
emboldened by success, he announced to a startled world that Germany would no longer
be bound by the Treaty of Versailles. Germany would rearm.
By harnessing the energy of youth and committing the forces of industry to rebuilding the
military, Hitler had pulled Germany from the jaws of the Great Depression— achieving the
ideal of full employment—for those of the “chosen” race.
When writers use words that have one thing stand for another thing, those words are called
metaphors.
Use your own words to tell the meaning of these metaphor phrases from Prelude to War:
1. dark clouds had begun to mass
2. flexed its muscles
3. saber-rattling
4. reins of power
5. jaws of Great Depression
25
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
TEST
Circle the letter of the BEST answer.
1. Who signed the Axis agreement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
France, Great Britain, and the United States
France, Great Britain, and Spain
Germany, Italy and Spain
Germany and Italy
2. How did Hitler break the agreements made in the Treaty of Versailles?
A.
C.
He rearmed the nation.
He made the Hitler Youth.
B.
D.
He created the Nazi program.
He sent Jews to work camps.
3. What is one way that Hitler DID NOT build enthusiasm for his Nazi program?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Creating the Hitler Youth
Signing the Versailles Treaty
Having huge displays of physical fitness
Keeping only “pure” Germans in the public eye
4. Which event DID NOT happen in 1936?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Spanish Civil war between the Loyalists and the Fascists
Mussolini and Hitler united Italy and Germany
Germany reclaimed the Rhineland
Japan attacked the coast of China
5. Who assisted the Spanish Fascists and Francisco Franco in defeating the Loyalists?
A.
C.
U.S. volunteers and others
France and Great Britain
B.
D.
Germany alone
Germany and Italy
26
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
Test, page 2
6. What was the order of English kings between 1936 and 1938?
A.
C.
George VI, Edward, George V
Edward, George VI, George V
B.
D.
Edward, George V, George VI
George V, Edward, George VI
7. What did Japan most have to gain from conquering China?
A.
C.
a larger army
a longer coastline
B.
D.
more land and raw materials
a new language
8. Which statement is TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
DiMaggio was an aide to the Italian Fascist, Mussolini.
Chiang Kai-shek was the Emperor of Japan.
Howard Hughes flew his plane over the 1939 World’s Fair.
Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister of Great Britain.
9. Which act suggested to the Allies that the Axis powers could conquer Europe by threats of
war alone?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The defeat of the Spanish Loyalists by Franco’s Fascists
The taking of Czechoslovakia by Germany
The killing of millions of Jews, Gypsies, and other by the Germans
King Leopold’s negotiating with Nazis for Belgium to be neutral
10.What happened in 1939 to make America, Great Britain, and Germany feel an increased
threat of war?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Germany signed a peace treaty with the Soviet Union.
Germany began to rearm.
Germany reclaimed the Rhineland.
Germany and Japan became Allies.
27
© Copyright 1994 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
Name
ADDITIONAL AIMS MEDIA PROGRAMS
If you and your students enjoyed Prelude to War, you will appreciate the others in the ten-volume
American Chronicles Series. You may also enjoy:
The American Diary Series 9751-9762AT
The American Revolution: Rebellion and Preparing to Fight 8628AT
The American Revolution: Declaration of Independence and the War 8641AT
The Civil War: The South Secedes and War Begins 8629AT
The Civil War: Four Years of War and Its Aftermath 8642AT
ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTIONS
Your students may enjoy reading these books:
Katz, William Loren and Marc Crawford. The Lincoln Brigade: A Picture History. Athenium, 1989
Marrin, Albert. Hitler. Viking, 1987
Hartenian, Larry. Benito Mussolini. Chelsea House, 1988
Banyard, Peter. The Rise of The Dictators. F.Watts, 1986
28
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 19
Name
VOCABULARY
Beside each word, write the letter of its definition.
1. pacifist
E
2. monarch
B
3. neutral
N
4. propaganda
A
5. ostracized
Q
6. fascist
O
7. dictatorship
M
8. isolationist
K
9. abdicate
L
10. coronation
C
11. premiered
I
12. democracies
J
13. rearm
D
14. bargained
P
15. indifferent
R
16. paramount
F
17. polarizing
H
18. predestined
G
Definitions
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
ideas spread to further one cause or harm another cause
a king or queen
the crowning of a king or queen
to build a military force again
one who is strongly opposed to war
superior to all others
meant by nature or fate to happen
breaking up into opposite sides
appeared in public for the first time
countries in which rulers are elected by the citizens and laws are made by popular vote
a nation that does not form economic or political relationships with other countries
to give up the throne or another high position of power
a government by one person with absolute and complete power
without an opinion; neither liking nor disliking
a kind of dictatorship that puts nation and race above the individual
made an agreement by both giving something and receiving something
excluded from a group
not taking sides with the practices or beliefs of one nation over another
29
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 20
Name
CHECKING COMPREHENSION
In 1939, U.S. President Franklin
1.
A. peace
B. war
C. democracy
D. Spain
Roosevelt held a series of meetings to discuss the
2.
threat of 1. B
and whether the U.S.
B. France, Great Britain, and Italy
C. Great Britain, Russia, and France
would fight. At the meetings were representatives
from 2.
D
, along with other foreign leaders.
D. Great Britain, France, and Japan
3.
C. Germany and Italy
D. Italy and the Soviet Union
were gaining strength and power.
The German dictator, 4. B
, planned to
A. Germany and Japan
B. Russia and Japan
The 1939 meetings occurred because
3. C
A. Germany, Russia, and Great Britain
4.
A. Benito Mussolini
B. Adolph Hitler
force all of Europe to be under 5. D
Emperor 6. B
rule.
C. Charles de Gaulle
D. Franklin Roosevelt
had led Japan to invade China.
And worse, Japan supported the Nazis.
5.
6.
A. Democratic
B. English
C. Separatist
D. Fascist
A. Chiang Kai-shek
B. Hirohito
C. Mussolini
D. Mao Tse-Tung
30
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 21
Name
Test, page 2
Germany was the biggest threat to
peace. Hitler easily reclaimed the 7. C
8.
B. Master Race
D. Atlantic
away or killed Jews, Gypsies, and others as he
C. Spain
D. France
9.
of “pure” Germans.
Other countries grew afraid of
A. Czechoslovakia
B. Russia
in 1938. Inside Germany, Hitler sent
tried to create a 9. A
A. Netherlands
C. Rhineland
in
1936, and by threatening to go to war, took
8. A
7.
10.
A. Master Race
B. Nazi Youth
C. Work Camp
D. Ghetto
A. bill of sale
B. peace pact
German invasion. The Soviet Union signed a
10. B
with Hitler.
C. declaration of war
D. constitution
31
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 22
Name
WARTIME MAPPING
Look at this map of Europe and the Middle East after World War I. Make up a color or pattern key of
your own for each item listed below. ANSWERS WILL VARY.
Great Britain
Germany
Spain
Italy
Russia
Poland
Yugoslavia
France
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
32
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 23
Name
MILITARY LANGUAGE
Each word below is used in American Chronicles to describe or to talk about the events of World War
II. The words also have another meaning or meanings that do not relate to war or the military. Use the
words in two sentences that demonstrate the military and non-military meanings. Use a dictionary,
encyclopedia, or another resource if you need help defining the words.
assault
fortified
a.
Sentences will vary, but should demonstrate
b.
ability to use a word two different ways
a.
b.
pincer
a.
b.
battering
a.
b.
leveled
a.
b.
mobilize
a.
b.
occupation
a.
b.
liberation
a.
b.
33
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 24
Name
PRELUDE TO WAR TIME LINE
Read the list of events that led to World War II. Write the event in the box for the year it occurred.
1935
Hitler announces he will rearm Germany.
1936
King Edward VIII abdicates British throne to marry Wallis Simpson.
Hitler reoccupies the Rhine.
Mussolini and Hitler form the Axis movement.
1937
1938
1939
Japan attacks the central coast of China
Britain and France sign away Czechoslovakia without consent.
Howard Hughes sets record for across-the-world flight.
New York World’s Fair opens
First reigning monarch visits U.S.
Russia signs peace pact with Germany.
34
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 25
Name
METAPHORS
Read this excerpt from Prelude to War:
By the mid 1930s, dark clouds had begun to mass on both the Atlantic and the Pacific
horizons, as Hitler’s Germany flexed its muscles, and Japan laid plans for a New Asia,
under its iron clad rule. In America, in England, and in France, the saber-rattling abroad
aroused anxiety. But problems at home were far and away the first concern.
Two years had passed since Adolf Hitler seized the reins of power in Germany, and now,
emboldened by success, he announced to a startled world that Germany would no longer
be bound by the Treaty of Versailles. Germany would rearm.
By harnessing the energy of youth and committing the forces of industry to rebuilding the
military, Hitler had pulled Germany from the jaws of the Great Depression— achieving the
ideal of full employment—for those of the “chosen” race.
When writers use words that have one thing stand for another thing, those words are called
metaphors.
Use your own words to tell the meaning of these metaphor phrases from Prelude to War:
1. dark clouds had begun to mass
Student interpretations will var y.
2. flexed its muscles
3. saber-rattling
4. reins of power
5. jaws of Great Depression
35
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 26
Name
TEST
Circle the letter of the BEST answer.
1.
Who signed the Axis agreement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
How did Hitler break the agreements made in the Treaty of Versailles?
A.
C.
3.
B.
D.
He created the Nazi program
He sent Jews to work camps
Creating the Hitler Youth
Signing the Versailles Treaty
Having huge displays of physical fitness
Keeping only “pure” Germans in the public eye
Which event DID NOT happen in 1936?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
He rearmed the nation
He made the Hitler Youth
What is one way that Hitler DID NOT build enthusiasm for his Nazi program?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
France, Great Britain, and the United States
France, Great Britain, and Spain
Germany, Italy and Spain
Germany and Italy
the Spanish Civil war between the Loyalists and the Fascists
Mussolini and Hitler united Italy and Germany
Germany reclaimed the Rhineland
Japan attacked the coast of China
Who assisted the Spanish Fascists and Francisco Franco in defeating the Loyalists?
A.
C.
U.S. volunteers and others
France and Great Britain
B.
D.
Germany alone
Germany and Italy
36
© Copyright 1995 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War
ANSWER KEY for page 27
Name
Test, page 2
6.
What was the order of English kings between 1936 and 1938?
A.
C.
7.
B. more land and raw materials
D. a new language
DiMaggio was an aide to the Italian Fascist, Mussolini.
Chiang Kai-Shek was the Emperor of Japan.
Howard Hughes flew his plane over the 1939 World’s Fair.
Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Which act suggested to the Allies that the Axis powers could conquer Europe by threats of
war alone?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10.
a larger army
a longer coastline
Which statement is TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
B. Edward, George V, George VI
D. George V, Edward, George VI
What did Japan most have to gain from conquering China?
A.
C.
8.
George VI, Edward, George V
Edward, George VI, George V
the defeat of the Spanish Loyalists by Franco’s Fascists
the taking of Czechoslovakia by Germany
the killing of millions of Jews, Gypsies, and other by the Germans
King Leopold’s negotiating with Nazis for Belgium to be neutral
What happened in 1939 to make America, Great Britain, and Germany feel an increased
threat of war?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Germany signed a peace treaty with the Soviet Union
Germany began to rearm
Germany reclaimed the Rhineland
Germany and Japan became Allies
37
© Copyright 1994 AIMS Media A Multimedia Group American Chronicles Series: Prelude to War