Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
Organic Reactions
Aim: To be able a reaction type given the
reactants or products of a reaction
Apr 25­8:22 AM
Properties of Organic Reactions
Generally slow reactions
Relatively strong covalent bonds must be broken in order for the reactions to occur
Apr 25­8:22 AM
1
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
COMBUSTION
CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + H2O
• Reactants= hydrocarbon and oxygen
• Products= carbon dioxide and water
• Complete combustion is better than incomplete combustion
Apr 25­8:22 AM
SUBSTITUTION
• A hydrogen atom is replaced (SUBSTITUTED) by ONE halogen atom.
+ Cl2 →
+ HCl
Apr 25­8:22 AM
2
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
Draw the reactants in the following reaction and predict possible products of the substitution reaction.
C3H8 + F2
Apr 25­8:22 AM
ADDITION
Addition of two atoms to an alkene or alkyne on the DOUBLE or TRIPLE bond
Halogens and Hydrogens (diatomics) are added to the carbon chain during addition.
Ex: C4H8 + Cl2 --> C4H8Cl2
+ Cl2 →
Apr 25­8:22 AM
3
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
Draw the reactants in the following reaction and predict possible products of the addition reaction.
1-propene (C3H6) + Br2
Apr 25­8:22 AM
ESTERIFICATION
• Esterification is a reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol to produce an ester and water.
+
→
+
H2O
Apr 25­8:22 AM
4
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
ESTERIFICATION
• Predict the products of the following reaction:
propanoic acid + butanol
Apr 25­8:22 AM
FERMENTATION
• Glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into ethanol (alcohol) and CO2 in the presence of a catalyst.
C6H12O6 + enzyme → C2H5OH + CO2
Reactions are easily identified by glucose as a reactant and ethanol as a product
Apr 25­8:22 AM
5
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
SAPONIFICATION
• Reaction between a fat molecule and an alkali base to produce a soap and glycerol
• Alkali base = Group 1 or 2 metal with OH ion.
Apr 25­8:22 AM
POLYMERIZATION
• When a monomer (single unit) bonds with itself repeatedly to make a polymer (long chain).
• 2 types:
Condensation
Addition
Apr 25­8:22 AM
6
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
• The addition of monomers that removes atoms of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water and a polymer.
Apr 25­8:22 AM
ADDITION POLYMERIZATION
• The addition of monomers to build a polymer without any byproducts.
Apr 25­8:22 AM
7
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
Jun 8­7:44 PM
Jun 8­7:44 PM
8
Organic Reactions.notebook
January 23, 2017
IDENTIFYING REACTIONS
Substitution – an atom switches places
Addition – adding two atoms to a double or
triple bond.
Combustion – makes CO2 and H2O
Esterification – makes an ESTER (COOCH)
Fermentation – has glucose (C6H12O6)
Saponification – Base + Fat makes soap
Polymerization – look for an “n”
Apr 25­8:22 AM
Apr 25­2:15 PM
9