Infant Nutrition
AAK – the preferred partner in fats for
Infant Nutrition
Creating »« opportunities
Oils and Fats in Infant Nutrition
Understanding customer needs
is our business
AAK is a world leading supplier of high valueadded speciality fats. In every customer relationship, our role is to contribute to the competitiveness of our customers in their respective markets. We offer a wide range of product
advantages; from highly nutritional products,
products developed for better taste and longer
shelf life, to cost efficiency.
Company
AAK´s wide product portfolio meets customer
requirements worldwide. Our customers represent a wide range of industries; Food, Infant
Nutrition, Confectionery, Cosmetics, Technical
and Feed. AAK’s objective is to supply innovative and creative, vegetable fat solutions for
the benefit of our customers.
Products tailored for your needs
AAK offers a complete range of oils and fats
for infant nutrition. The Akonino range consists of blends with a specific fatty acid profile
tailored to the customer needs.
Quality and Food safety
AAK’s quality comprises the entire product
chain – from raw material to finished product.
All of AAK’s production units are certified according to international standard’s. HACCP is
one of the tools used in order to secure a high
level of product safety.
Research & Development
AAK’s knowledge and expertise regarding the
properties of vegetable fats develop continuously through customer contacts, cooperation
with research institutes and governmental
authorities – regionally and globally. Our research and development take place in close
coordination with the customer to tailor products to meet the customer’s requirements.
AAK ACADEMY™
AAK’s customer training programme is organised by AAK ACADEMY™. The Academy
arranges courses and seminars for entire industries as well as for individual customers.
The purpose of the training is to make it easier
for our customers to control the functionality
of the fat in their own product.
Breast milk – the golden standard
The composition of breast milk is such that
it supplies the energy and components necessary for growth and development of the
baby. The main components are: lactose,
fats and proteins. In addition to this it is a
source of minor components that are essential for the healthy development of the
baby.
The fatty acid composition of breast milk
is influenced by a number of factors. It
changes during the breastfeeding period,
but it also depends on the time of day and
the eating habits of the mother. A typical
fatty acid composition can be found on
page 4.
Energy
Fat is the main source of energy in the
breast milk. About 50 % of the dietary calories are supplied to newborns as fat. Breast
milk has a fat content of 3-5 %
Essential fatty acids
The fat in breast milk is also the source of
the essential fatty acids. These fatty acids:
linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid
(C18:3) can not be synthesized by the human body.
For further information see
www.aak.com
Infant Nutrition
2
Fats in Infant Nutrition
Energy
Essential fatty acids
LC PUFA
ß-palmitate
Long Chain PolyUnsaturated
Fatty Acid (LC PUFA)
The essential fatty acid are the basis for the
formation of the so called Long Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFA). These
have essential roles in the signaling system
and in the cell membranes, especially in
the brain and the eye development. When
infants intake of LC PUFA is zero the conversion from the essential fatty acids to LC
PUFA might be insufficient.
ß-palmitate
The triglyceride molecule of breast milk fat
has a specific composition (the same in humans all over the world), with a saturated
palmitic fatty acid (C16:0) in the central,
(sn-2 or ß) position and mainly unsaturated
fatty acids (C18:1) in the outer (sn-1,3 or a)
positions in the triglyceride. A glyceride with
palmitic fatty acid in the ß position is called
ß-palmitate.
The benefits of this triglycerid is explained
more in detail on page 6-7.
AAK Food Safety and Quality standards
Quality and standards
AAK is well known for its high level of
product quality and food safety. During
100 years of processing mild but effective
processing has been developed to give
pure and fresh oils. Processing is designed
to give good oxidation stability and bland
taste. In addition process conditions have
been optimized to ensure that oils are free
from undesirable components.
Working procedures and instructions are
in place for the entire supply chain from
raw material suppliers to finished product.
These are part of our quality assurance systems and have been verified by third party
auditors against international standards.
Monitoring programme; regular
monitoring of purity of raw materials and finished products
to identify new potential
hazards and verify functionality of all our control measures.
AAK Certificates
ISO 9001
ISO 22000
ISO 14001
Quality
Food Safety
Environment
Kosher Products
Halal Products
Organic Products
Product safety
Our approach to food safety is proactive
and preventive and covers the whole supply
chain. A detailed HACCP plan is in operation
in our plants. We have defined our internal
standard of contaminants, which in many
cases goes beyond legal requirements for
potential hazardous contaminants. Key elements in assuring compliance are:
Supplier audits; raw materials are only
bought from suppliers who have been
audited and approved by our in-house
team of trained and experienced auditors.
Change procedures in our processing;
a “food safety team” supervises and approves all changes in processing conditions to ensure that food safety is not
affected.
Process validation; optimization of process conditions to ensure removal of undesirable components.
3
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Akonino – the preferred choice for infant formula blends
Breast milk – the reference
The reference for infant formula is breast
milk. An important aim is therefore to mimic
the fat composition of human breast milk.
To achieve this, a number of different oils
needs to be blended. AAK has a long experience in supplying tailor made blends to
infant formula producers under the Akonino
brand name.
Specified fat composition
A tailor made blend for an infant formula
may comprise up to five components of
specified proportions, in order to come as
close as possible to the fat composition in
breast milk.
Different oils contribute with different
fatty acids providing the total composition
to be in line with the specification. AAK can
provide a wide range of oils to fulfill any requirement on composition.
Saturated fat from palm and laurics
Palm oil provides palmitic acid, which is the
predominant saturated fatty acid. To reach
the level of 20-25 % found in breast milk,
40-50 % palm oil or palm olein is required.
To get even closer to breast milk, palm oil
should be replaced by InFat ™, the product
described in pages, 6-7.
Infant Nutrition
In addition, coconut or palmkernel oil is
needed to provide the shorter-chain fatty
acids C8, C10, C12 (lauric) and C14 (myristic). 10 to 15 percent is enough to provide
the desired level of lauric acid, for example.
In most cases at least one more liquid oil
is needed to provide the desired levels of
linoleic and oleic acid.
Antioxidants
Different antioxidants, such as mixed tocopherols, a-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate
and lecithin can also be added on request.
Essential fatty acids
Furthermore, the formula needs to contain
sufficient essential fatty acids. 10-20 %
rapeseed or soyabean oil delivers the target
level of 1-2 % of linolenic acid (18:3) and
part of the linoleic (18:2).
Akonino range
Most Akonino products are tailor made in
cooperation with the customer, some examples of standard products are described
below.
Fatty acid composition of some typical Akonino products
Fatty acid
profile (%)
C8
Breast
milk
Akonino NS
Akonino NR
Akonino SC
0.6
0.5
2.2
30
C10
1
0.5
1.8
20
C12
6.2
6
14.7
4.5
C14
7.8
2.5
5.9
1.5
C16
25
23
22.5
4.2
C18:0
8.7
3
3.7
1.4
C18:1
35.0
42
29.5
14.5
C18:2
11.0
19
15.6
19.5
C18:3
1.2
2
1.5
2.8
4
Tailor made blends – AAK takes responsibility
Four tanks or one
There are several advantages with using
tailor made blends compared to buying
single oils and blend in-house. Firstly, the
logistical advantage of handling only one
oil-blend instead of purchasing individual
oils is significant. The supply and demand
as well as quality can be optimized. This
ensure the oil is consumed in as short time
as possible. Buying single oil requires at
least one storage tank for each oil. The rate
of consumption of the various oils will differ
since they are used in different percentages
in the blend. The challenge of balancing
supply and demand is consequently greater when buying individual oils.
Full truckloads
Raw materials
available from AAK
Coconut oil
Palmkernel oil
Palm and palm oil fractions
Sunflower oil
High oleic sunflower oil
Soyabean oil
Rapeseed oil
Corn oil
High oleic rapeseed oil
MCT oils
Akonino NS is a typical example of a
blend for a standard infant formula, with
a composition very close to that of breast
milk. In this blend the linolenic acid is supplied by rapeseed oil. Akonino NR is a similar blend where the linolenic acid comes
from soyabean oil instead.
Akonino SC is a blend comprising MCT
oils, which are used in special formulas
for preterm infants. MCT oils are based on
short chain fatty acids (C8, C10) and as
such are appreciated as an efficient source
of energy.
Freight costs are an important factor in the
total cost, and when buying a tailor made
blend, full truckloads will keep these costs
as low as possible. Transporting the oils
separately may, however, induce difficulties to utilize full truckloads. The different oils may have different turnover rates.
A slower turnover leads to higher working
capital being tied up in raw material storage since more tanks are needed, and it is
likely that in average more oil will be stored
in the tanks.
Better quality, simpler planning and less
working capital make blends a more attractive option than single oils.
Guaranteed specification
After agreeing on a specification for the
complete blend, AAK will take the
responsibility to ensure that the
specification is met for each delivery. This saves the extra work
for the producer, who has to
optimize the composition
depending on variations
in the raw materials.
When buying a tailor
made Akonino
blend, this
optimization is
handled by
AAK.
Improved quality
Oils used in smaller quantities may also
need longer storage time before consumed.
This will have a negative impact on product
quality since longer storage leads to more
oxidative breakdown of the oil. When supplying oil blends we effectively take over
the raw material supply and storage for our
customers and supply freshly produced oil
blends at a rate that matches their rate of
consumption.
Tailor made Akonino blends
Better quality
Guaranteed specification
Better addition of antioxidants
Simplified planning
Improved logistics
Less working capital
5
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InFat – Closer to human milk
InFat is supplied by Advanced Lipids, joint venture of AAK and Enzymotec.
InFat is an advanced fat ingredient, developed to meet the specific needs of the
growing infant. It has a fat composition
mimicing that of human milk fat, thereby
enabling optimised uptake of calcium and
energy and easy digestion. These benefits
are the results of the fatty acid composition
on the glycerol backbone, which ensures
high level of palmitic acid at the middle (sn2) position. ß-palmitate the significance of
this fatty acid and its position is evident
from the fact that this is conserved in
all women, regardless of origin or nutrition, unlike the general fatty acid
profile of human milk.
Human milk fat
composition
In human breast milk, and in
infant formulas, up to 50 %
of the dietary calories are
supplied to newborns as
fat. More than 98 % of
this fat is in the form of tri­
glycerides, which contain
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids esterified to glycerol (1). Fatty
acids in human milk-fat
have a highly specific
positional distribution on
the glycerol back­
bone
(2). This specific configuration is known to have
a major impact on the
efficacy of this nutrient
absorption. Palmitic acid
(C16:0) is the predominant
saturated fatty acid, constituting 17-25 % of the fatty
acids in mature human milk.
Of the palmitic acid, 70-75 %
is esterified to the sn-2 position
of the triglyceride ß-palmitate
(2). In contrast, palmitic acid
present in standard vegetable oils
Infant Nutrition
6
is esterified to the sn-1 and sn-3 positions
while the sn-2 position is predominantly occupied by unsaturated fatty acids (3).
Human milk fat absorption
When an infant is breast fed, the hydrolysis
of dietary triacylglycerols by endogenous
lipases produces sn-2 monoacylglycerols
and free fatty acids (4). The importance of
the positional distribution of the fatty acids
in human milk or infant formula fat applies
particularly to palmitic acid since it is one
of the major constituents and is relatively
poorly absorbed as the fatty acid. The unsaturated and short chain saturated fatty
acids are well absorbed regardless of their
positional distribution (5). The coefficient
of absorption of free long chain saturated
fatty acids, i.e. palmitic acid and longer,
is relatively low (6). This is in part due to
their melting point above body temperature
(~63ºC). The tendency of these fatty acids
is to form hydrated fatty acid soaps with
minerals such as calcium or magnesium at
the pH of the intestine (7).
Figure 1 Human Milk Fat absorption
LIPASE
U
sn-1
S
sn-2
U
sn-3
S = Saturated
U
S
U
U = Unsaturated
Absorption of human milk fat compared to standard infant formula
The superior absorption of human milk
fat over standard infant formula has been
demonstrated in both human (8-10) and
animal models (5, 11). These studies
showed that palmitic acid is absorbed from
human milk as sn-2 monoacylglycerol (9),
and conserved as such through digestion,
absorption, and chylomicron triacylglycerol
synthesis (10) (Figure 1). Palmitic acid esterified at the sn-1 and 3 positions of the
glycerol backbone, as is the case in most
standard infant formula, was shown to be
poorly absorbed and secreted into faeces
as insoluble calcium soaps. This leads to
loss of both fatty acids (energy) and calcium (12, 13) (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Vegetable Fat Absorption
Ca2+
S
LIPASE
S
U
S
U
S
Ca2+
Calcium soap formation may lead
to problems with constipation
Formation of calcium soaps in the gut could
be associated with the considerable differß-palmitate – Triglyceride structure
InFat – closer to human milk
By using a patented enzymatic process,
InFat has been developed to resemble the
unique structure of the fat in human milk.
InFat is based purely on vegetable oils, but
the triglyceride structure has been transformed to mimic human milk – leading to
better fat and calcium absorption by the
infant.
The palmitic acid in InFat is to a large
extent positioned in the second (sn-2) position on the triglyceride ß-palmitate, just as
Figure 3 The InFat Solution
Ordinary
Vegetable Oil
X
P
ences of bowel habit and stool consistency
between human milk and formula-fed infants (14). Formula feeding is associated
with constipation in both term and preterm
infants which, for the latter, can lead to severe complications. In contrast, constipation is rare in breast fed term infants, suggesting different handling of saturated fatty
acids.
Glycerol with palmitic
fatty acid in sn-2, ß-position
= ß-palmitate
X
InFat = Human Milk
S
U
Enzymatic process
S
U
sn-1
S
sn-2 (ß)
U
sn-3
in human milk (Figure 3). Clinical studies
have shown that infants fed formula based
on structured fats with a high level of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position have softer
stools compared to infants fed standard
vegetable oil formula (15). It has also been
shown that the absorption of palmitic acid
is improved when using structured fats, as
is calcium absorption (8, 16-19). Evidently
ß-palmitate leads to efficient fat absorption
and avoidance of soap formation with calcium (20).
There is also an effect on the whole-bodybone mass of the infants; it is significantly
increased compared to a standard vegetable oil infant formula (15). This suggests
that the formula composition may affect the
skeletal mineral deposition in infants.
InFat Benefits
Constipation is reduced, leading
to softer stools and fewer stomach
problems
Calcium uptake is increased, resulting in higher body-bone mass
Energy uptake is increased, which is
very important for a growing baby.
References
1. Giovannini, M., E. Riva, and C. Agostoni, Fatty acids in
pediatric nutrition. Pediatr Clin North Am, 1995. 42(4):
p. 861-77.
2. Breckenridge, W.C., L. Marai, and A. Kuksis, Triglyceride structure of human milk fat. Can J Biochem,1969.
47(8): p. 761-9.
3. Mattson, F.H. and R.A. Volpenhein, The specific distribution of fatty acids in the glycerides of vegetable fats.
J Biol Chem, 1961. 236: p. 1891-4.
4. Mattson, F.H. and R.A. Volpenhein, The Digestion and
Absorption of Triglycerides. J Biol Chem, 1964. 239: p.
2772-7.
5. Tomarelli, R.M., et al., Effect of positional distribution
on the absorption of the fatty acids of human milk and
infant formulas. J Nutr, 1968. 95(4): p. 583-90.
6. Jensen, C., N.R. Buist, and T. Wilson, Absorption of
individual fatty acids from long chain or medium chain
triglycerides in very small infants. Am J Clin Nutr, 1986.
43(5): p. 745-51.
7. Small, D.M., The effects of glyceride structure on absorption and metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr, 1991. 11: p.
413-34.
8. Lopez-Lopez, A., et al., The influence of dietary palmitic
acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium
and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces.
Early Hum Dev, 2001. 65 Suppl: p. S83-94.
9. Innis, S.M., R. Dyer, and C.M. Nelson, Evidence that
palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2 monoacylglycerol
from human milk by breast-fed infants. Lipids, 1994.
29(8): p. 541-5.
10.Nelson, C.M. and S.M. Innis, Plasma lipoprotein fatty
acids are altered by the positional distribution of fatty
acids in infant formula triacylglycerols and human milk.
Am J Clin Nutr, 1999. 70(1): p. 62-9.
11.Innis, S.M., et al., Palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2
monopalmitin from milk and formula with rearranged
triacylglycerols and results in increased plasma triglyceride sn-2 and cholesteryl ester palmitate in piglets. J
Nutr, 1995. 125(1): p. 73-81.
12.Nelson, S.E., et al., Palm olein in infant formula: absorption of fat and minerals by normal infants. Am J
Clin Nutr, 1996. 64(3): p. 291-6.
13.Nelson, S.E., J.A. Frantz, and E.E. Ziegler, Absorption
of fat and calcium by infants fed a milk-based formula
containing palm olein. J Am Coll Nutr, 1998. 17(4): p.
327-32.
14.Quinlan, P.T., et al., The relationship between stool
hardness and stool composition in breast- and formulafed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1995. 20(1):
p. 81-90.
7
15.Kennedy, K., et al., Double-blind, randomized trial of
a synthetic triacylglycerol in formula-fed term infants:
effects on stool biochemistry, stool characteristics, and
bone mineralization. Am J Clin Nutr, 1999. 70(5): p.
920-7.
16.Lucas, A., et al., Randomised controlled trial of a synthetic triglyceride milk formula for preterm infants. Arch
Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 1997. 77(3): p. F178-84.
17.Carnielli, V.P., et al., Structural position and amount
of palmitic acid in infant formulas: effects on fat, fatty
acid, and mineral balance. J Pediatr Gastroenterol
Nutr, 1996. 23(5): p. 553-60.
18.Carnielli, V.P., et al., Feeding premature newborn infants palmitic acid in amounts and stereoisomeric position similar to that of human milk: effects on fat and
mineral balance. Am J Clin Nutr, 1995. 61(5): p. 103742.
19.Koo, W.W., E.M. Hockman, and M. Dow, Palm olein in
the fat blend of infant formulas: effect on the intestinal
absorption of calcium and fat, and bone mineralization.
J Am Coll Nutr, 2006. 25(2): p. 117-22.
20.Lien, E.L., et al., The effect of triglyceride positional
distribution on fatty acid absorption in rats. J Pediatr
Gastroenterol Nutr, 1997. 25(2): p. 167-74.
www.aak.com
Organic oils and infant formula blends
The trend
Today’s consumers are more and more
concerned about the way they live. Living
a healthy life is reflected in the choice of
what people are eating and where their
food is coming from. People wants to improve their well-being and to take care of
the environment at the same time. Quality
of life is therefore not only reflected on their
own life, but also on what people see and
experience around them.
Organic food fits perfectly into this trend.
This is the reason why AAK has developed
an entire range of organic oils and formulated blends.
Why choose organic?
The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides
and herbicides is not allowed. Organic
Infant Nutrition
products therefore contribute to a sustainable production and help to improve the
environment.
Quality
The whole chain of organic products is
strictly controlled. An independent part, a
certifying body, supervises AAK’s suppliers
of organic raw materials and the production
of high quality vegetable oils at AAK itself.
The organic raw materials used by AAK
are carefully selected and safety aspects
are constantly evaluated along the whole
production chain. This enables AAK to produce high quality organic oils.
Based on a broad range of organic raw
materials AAK has the possibility to tailor
making formulations for the infant formula
industry. Excellent taste and functionality
8
are essential properties of ingredients. AAK
offers its technological expertise of lipids
and application know-how to formulate organic products together with our customers.
We can also provide you with an organic
Akonino blended product.
AAK Organic Range
Organic Palm oil
Organic Palm olein
Organic Palm stearine
Organic Sunflower oil
Organic Palmkernel oil
Organic Coconut oil
Organic Rapeseed oil
Akonino Organic
Long Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFA)
Long Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids
(LC PUFA) consist of w-3 and w-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with a carbon chain
length of 20 or more. The most commonly
mentioned are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,
w-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, w-3)
and arachidonic acid (AA, w-6).
LC PUFA can be converted from the essential fatty acids a-linolenic acid (ALA,
w-3) and linoleic acid (LA, w-6) through enzymatic chain elongation and desaturation,
in the human body.
When infants intake of LC PUFA is zero
the conversion rate from the essential fatty
acids to LC PUFA can be insufficient. A sign
of this is that LC PUFA levels in plasma and
red blood cells decline compared to intake
of breast milk or supplemented infant formulas.
According to the EU directive 2006/141[1]
addition of LC PUFA is allowed in infant formulas.
Benefits of LC PUFA
Breast milk contain a certain amount of
LC PUFA, but the levels do depend on the
mothers diet and life-style. There are available evidence which support addition of
DHA and AA to infant formulas and recommendations have been set [1,2,3].
In the body DHA is found in high concentrations in the brain and in the retina and
both DHA and AA are active membrane
components. Studies show that addition
of DHA and AA to the infant formula supports;
Visual development
Brain development
Cognitive development
Other benefits which may be influenced by
supplementation of DHA and AA are;
Motor development
Lower blood pressure
Modulate immune response
Addition of LC PUFA
According to EC legislation you can add LC
PUFA to your infant formula under certain
limitations. Together with the given recommendations the limits are;
The addition of DHA needs to be
above 0,2 % and recommended
to be below 0,5 % of the fatty
acids.
The maximum level including other w-3 LC PUFA is
limited to 1 %.
EPA needs to be lower
than the content of DHA.
The w-6 LC PUFA
content is limited to
2 % of which AA can
be maximum 1 %.
The content of AA
needs to be equal
or higher than of
the DHA.
Several studies
indicate positive
influence of the
use of LC PUFA
in the diet also
for the second six
months of life.
LC PUFA’s
Name
Docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Arachidonic acid
Abbreviation
DHA
EPA
AA
LC PUFA
W-3
W-3
W-6
Chemical
composition
C 22:6
C 20:5
C 20:4
References
1.The Commission of the European Communities. Commission directive 2006/141/EC of 22 December 2006 on infant formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC. Official Journal of the European
Union. 30.12.2006:L401/1401/33.
2.Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report of the 28th Sesion of the CODEX Committee on Nutrition
and Foods For Special Dietary Uses. Codex Alimentarius Commission 30 Oct- 3 Nov 2006.
3.Koletzko B, et al. Global standard for the composition of infant formula; recommendations of an
ESPGHAN coordinated international expert group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41;584-99.
9
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Legislations and directives
There is a strong regulation, regarding infant formulae. As this is the only processed
food satisfying the needs of a growing baby.
It varies between different countries hereby
illustrated by the EC regulation.
Infant formulaes for different ages
Infant formulae can be dived in a number
of different segments:
Starter formulae for the age of 0 to 6
months
Follow up formulae for the age of 5 to
12 months
Formulae for the age of 1 to 3 years
Formulae for prematurely born
Formulae for babies with metabolic
disorders
The formulae is composed in different ways
in order to best suit the growing baby.
Infant Nutrition
Typical composition
Illustration of the composition of different
formulas:
Starter
formula
Follow up
formula
Fat
24 %
20 %
Protein
11 %
11 %
Carbohydrates
50 %
56 %
EC-directive
According to the EC directive 2006/141/EC
fats for use in both starter and follow up
formulas have to comply with the following
points:
Fat content of reconstituted product
between 1.05 and 1.4 g/100 kJ
For allergenic reason the use of sesame and cottonseed oil is not allowed
10
The sum of Lauric acid (C12) and
Myristic acid (C14): maximum 20 %
Content of α-linolenic acid: minimal
12 mg/100kJ
Linoleic acid: between 70-285 mg/100
kJ
Ratio between linoleic and α-linolenic:
minimal 5 and maximal 15
Trans fatty acids: maximum 3 % of
total fat content
Erucic acid: maximum 1 % of total
fat content
Addition of LC PUFA is allowed. ω-3:
maximum 1 % of total fatcontent. ω-6:
maximum 2 % of total fatcontent (in
case of AA: maximum 1 % of total fat
content). Additional limitation: amount
of EPA should not exceed that of DHA.
The DHA content shall not exceed that
of AA.
CAPRIC
CAPRYLIC
CAPROIC
11
3.5
Flax seed oil (linseed oil)
Olive oil
Maize oil
0.5
Coconut oil
0.3
Human milk fat
0.8
0.5
2.2
Akonino NS
Akonino NR
0.6
1
8
InFat™ 1940
AAK typical products
2
Cow Milk Fat
Other oils
0.3
Palmkernel oil
Lauric oils
1.8
0.5
0.8
1
2.5
6
14.7
6
11
6.2
3
47
47
5.9
2.5
4
7.8
11
18
15
1
22.5
23
19
25
27
8.5
8
59
3.7
3
4
8.7
12
2.5
2
5
4
29.5
42
40
35
29
7
16
28
43
15.6
19
18
11
3
1.5
2.5
6
11
1.5
2
2
1.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
Akonino NR
Akonino NS
InFat™ 1940
AAK typical products
Human milk fat
Milk fat
Other oils
Coconut oil
Palmkernel oil
Lauric oils
Palm stearin
Palm olein
0.2
39
0.2
60
0.5
1
Rapeseed oil (low erucic)
Palm stearin
1
10
15
11
56
11
0.3
40
17
71
29
20
Sunflower oil (high oleic)
Sunflower oil
Palm olein
4
3.5
2.5
2
60
5
0.3
Soyabean oil
Liquid oil
CARBON ATOMS:
DOUBLE BONDS
Palm oil
5.5
Flax seed oil (linseed oil)
44
13
Olive oil
1
11
Maize oil
1.5
85
64
7.5
18:3 n-3
0.3
4
Rapeseed oil (low erucic)
6
25
54
18:2
Palm oil
4
Sunflower oil (high oleic)
4
23
18:1
Palm oils
5.5
Sunflower oil
4
18:0
Palm oils
10
16:0
Soyabean oil
4
LAURIC
Liquid oils
MYRISTIC
14:0
PALMITIC
12:0
STEARIC
10:0
OLEIC
8:0
LINOLEIC
6:0
LINOLENIC
CARBON ATOMS:
DOUBLE BONDS
Fatty acid composition
www.aak.com
AAK – Wherever you are
Sales offices
Production
The first choice for value-added
vegetable oil solutions
For more information:
[email protected]
Telephone: +46 454 82000
AAK is the world’s leading manufacturer of
high value-added speciality vegetable oils
and fats. The many advantages of these
natural and renewable raw materials create
opportunities for you in the market segments
of confectionery, food, infant nutrition and
beauty and personal care.
The advantage of our product portfolio is
that it consists of natural or modified vegetable oils and fats that have a low saturated fat
content and contain desired properties that
promote healthier lifestyles.
But we don’t just sell products, we offer total value-added solutions. These are comprehensive packages of benefits like new product
development, customization, market advice,
delivery systems, technical support and AAK
ACADEMY™.
Our head office is in Malmö, Sweden, and
we have production facilities in Denmark,
Mexico, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden, Uruguay and USA. So no matter where
you are in the world, you’re within reach of
AAK, the first choice for value-added vege­
table oil solutions.
www.aak.com