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Grammar and Texts – Módulos
1 e 2 – Grammar: Extending the Use of Auxiliary Verbs
3 – Text: A Stunning Senior Moment
4 – Text: Blue Jeans
5 – Grammar: Degrees of Comparison – I
6 – Grammar: Degrees of Comparison – II
7 – Text: The Jury
8 – Text: Streetview
A British Soldier – Ele está de plantão
a fim de manter a ordem pública nas ruas.
1e2
Grammar: Extending the Use of Auxiliary Verbs
1. Short Answers
Will
he accept this?
Yes, he WILL.
AFFIRMATIVE →
No, he WILL NOT (WON’T).
Yes, sujeito + auxiliar afirmativo
2. SO = também
NEGATIVE
→
No, sujeito + auxiliar negativo
SO + auxiliar afirmativo + sujeito
Examples:
Does she live in Brazil?
Examples:
Robert eats a lot. So DO I.
Yes, she DOES.
No, she DOESN’T.
We do the homework in the afternoon. So DOES Helen.
She will leave tomorrow. So WILL Bob.
Have you seen that movie?
Yes, I HAVE.
He is very nice. So ARE his parents.
No, I HAVEN’T.
3. NEITHER = nem
Are
you OK?
Yes, I AM.
NEITHER + auxiliar afirmativo + sujeito
No, I AM NOT.
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Examples:
Paul
I never listen to music. Neither DOES John.
doesn’t like
candies, DOES
Simple Present
(neg.)
They didn’t come late yesterday. Neither DID we.
He hasn’t decided yet. Neither HAVE we.
he?
aux. afirm. Pronome
Pessoal
John and Joe didn’t agree with her, DID
She doesn’t speak Japanese. Neither DO I.
Simple Past
(neg.)
they?
aux. Pronome
afirm. Pessoal
4. Question-tags
ATENÇÃO
Auxiliar (afirmativo / negativo) + pronome pessoal
She
cries a lot, DOESN’T
Simple Present
(afirm.)
aux. neg
Let’s dance, SHALL we?
she?
Pronome
Pessoal
They understood the lesson, DIDN’T
Simple Past
(afirm.)
Shut the door, WILL you?
No Portal Objetivo
they?
aux. neg. Pronome
Pessoal
Para saber mais sobre o assunto, acesse o PORTAL
OBJETIVO (www.portal.objetivo.br) e, em “localizar”,
digite ING2M102
Exercícios Resolvidos
1
Complete with the correct question tag.
a)
didn’t he
He read only two chapters, __________________________?
b)
didn’t it
The child cut itself badly, ____________________________?
c)
isn’t it
That’s Peter’s, _________________________?
d)
won’t he
He’ll be here in ten minutes, _________________________?
e)
has she
She’s not applied for the job, ____________________
_____?
f)
will you
Write the form in ink, ________________________?
g)
shall we
Let’s go for a walk, __________________________?
h)
will she
She won’t come, ____________________________?
i)
don’t you
You and Helen live in the same block, _________________?
I.
Complete with the appropriate auxiliary verb.
A
Does your sister always tell you the truth?
2
(VUNESP) –
(www.comics.com/momma. Adaptado)
O termo que completa corretamente a lacuna é
a) do.
b) have.
c) was.
d) done.
Resposta: B
D
Will he come to the party?
won’t
No, he ________________.
does
Yes, she ________________.
B
E
He managed to get there in time.
I haven’t succeeded in doing this.
has
Neither _____________
he.
did
So ______________
we.
C
We have a very comfortable house.
does
So _______________
my sister.
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F
She wasn’t late for the party.
were
Neither ______________
they.
e) had.
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G I am sure of this.
did she
F She hardly spoke, ___________________?
is
So ____________
my brother.
8
Did you send her some flowers on her birthday?
G
does she
She doesn’t attend the French lesson, ________________?
H
didn’t they
They flew to Canada last month, _____________________?
I
do they
They do not agree on this subject, ___________________?
J
does she
She rarely writes to her mother, _____________________?
K
have they
They have never driven a Ferrari, ____________________?
L
is she
She’s not a baby now, ___________________?
M
has she
She’s not accepted his invitation, _____________________?
N
don’t they
These burgers look good, ____________________?
O
won’t he
He’ll be back soon, _________________________?
P
will you
You won’t be late, __________________________?
Q
hasn’t he
He has been to Switzerland, _______________________?
R
hadn’t we
We had better wait for her, ________________________?
S
wouldn’t they
They would rather stay home, _____________________?
T
didn’t he
He put the book on the shelf, _____________________?
U
21
will you
Bring me the book, _________________________?
U
22
shall we
Let’s go, _________________________________?
did
Yes, I _______________.
9
Do they wear heavy coats in winter?
do
Yes, they _____________.
J
She won’t introduce him to them.
will
Neither _____________
I.
K
They’re enjoying the barbecue.
are
So ___________
we.
L
She doesn’t look well.
do
Neither __________
her parents.
M I would rather travel by plane.
would
So _____________
they.
N
They are not feeling lonely.
am
Neither __________
I.
O
She is out of work.
is
So __________
her boyfriend.
P He has never seen a fox.
have
Neither __________
we.
II. Complete with the correct question-tag.
A
have you
You haven’t lived here long, _________________?
B
aren’t they
These sausages are delicious, _______________?
C
didn’t you
You came in a sports car, ___________________?
D
aren’t you
You’re enjoying the party, __________________?
E
won’t he
He’ll be right, ___________________?
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Text: A Stunning Senior Moment
3
found on the net by Cécile Marit, Belgium
A self-important college freshman walking along the
beach took it upon himself to explain to a senior citizen
resting on the steps why it was impossible for the older
generation to understand his generation.
“You grew up in a different world, actually, an almost
primitive one”, the student said loud enough for others to
hear. “The young people of today grew up with
television, jet planes, space travel, man walking on the
moon. We have nuclear energy, ships and cell phones,
computers with light speed … and many more”.
After a brief silence, the senior citizen responded as
follows:
“You’re right son, we didn’t have those things when
we were young … so we invented them. Now, you
arrogant little sh*t what are you doing for the next
generation?”
The applause was amazing!
(www.hltmag.co.uk)
Exercícios Resolvidos
1 Rewrite the following sentence by using emphatic DO:
You grew up in a different world.
You did grow up in a different world.
Complete
2 A person who gets out of bed and walks around while they
sleepwalker
are sleeping is a _______________________________.
3
Complete with Question-tags:
a)
didn’t they
They invented those things, _________________________?
b)
aren’t I?
I am right, __________________________
am I not?
__________________________
a)
senior
When I am a _____________________,
I hope to be able to
afford medical care.
b)
stunning
The _______________________
news that my dog had died
shocked me.
an older person
c)
stunning
Mary wore a _______________________
gown to the ball.
for elderly people
d)
senior
The elderly man demanded his _______________________
discount.
VOCABULARY
I.
A
B
stunning
impressive, very pretty
surprising
senior
Complete the sentences.
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II.
Turn the title of the text into Portuguese.
Um surpreendente momento para idosos.
F
tirar, decolar
to take off (2 meanings) = ____________________________
G
ocorrer
to take place = ______________________________________
H
tomar banho (de chuveiro)
to take a shower = __________________________________
III. Do you remember what these expressions mean?
A
faculdade
college ⇒ _________________________________________
Mary went to a large college after she graduated from high
school.
B
How would you write “colégio” and “atualmente” in English?
b)
took off
He _________________________
__ his glasses and polished
them with his hanky.
c)
take back
I’ve got some books to ___________________________
__ to
the library.
d)
take a shower
I __________________________
__ every morning.
e)
Take it easy
____________________________
_! We still have a lot of time
before the party.
f)
took charge of
When his father died, Paul __________________________
__
his business.
g)
taken off
The plane has just _______________________________
____.
Let’s meet our friends!
h)
How long does it take
____________________________________
__ to go from São
Paulo to Rio?
i)
take care of
Will you ___________________________________
__ my kids
while I’m out?
school
______________________________________________
_
b)
nowadays, currently
______________________________________________
_
C
calouro
freshman ⇒ ___________________________________
It’s a student in the first year of study at a high school or
college.
D
take place
The wedding will ______________________________
____ on
th
September 16 .
na verdade
actually ⇒ _________________________________________
I am actually older than you.
a)
a)
aluno de 2.° ano
sophomore ⇒ _________________________________
Someone in the second year of high school or college.
IV. You take it upon yourself to do something when you do it
although it is unnecessary, or not your duty.
So, turn into Portuguese.
“… took it upon himself to explain…”
VI.
“… ele pôs-se a explicar (ele tomou para si o encargo de explicar)…”
SELF
⇒ individualidade, ego, a própria pessoa
Match the columns.
V. Look at these expressions!
Translate them and then complete the sentences
1. self – important
1
f
a) autocrítica
2. self – conscious
2
e
b) amor próprio
3. self – criticism
3
a
c) egoísta
4. self – educated
4
d
d) autodidata
A
devolver
to take back = ______________________________________
B
encarregar-se de
to take charge of = __________________________________
C
Calma!
Take it easy! = ______________________________________
D
Quanto tempo leva…?
How long does it take…? = ___________________________
5. self – esteem
5
b
e) autoconsciente
E
cuidar de
to take care of = _____________________________________
6. selfish
6
c
f) presunçoso
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VII.
A
B
PAY ATTENTION!
TEXT COMPREHENSION
cultivar
aumentar
seguido de adj. → ficar + adj.
To grow
tornar-se adulto
to grow up ⇒ ____________________________
grown-up
adulto
⇒ ___________________________
A
a)
b)
c)
d)
We may infer from the text that
The young man was encouraging the old man to be up-todate.
There are several people in the story.
A son of the senior citizen’s was near them.
The young man, although a Ph. D., believed he could not
teach anything new to the old man.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: B
Turn the underlined expressions into Portuguese.
a)
Little Susie was lost so she asked a grown-up for help.
adulto
___________________________________
b)
The farmer grows wheat and soybeans.
cultiva
___________________________________
c)
d)
B
In which of these alternatives, step has the same meaning
as the one shown in the text?
John stepped on the brake pedal at the intersection.
The inspector took one step toward the dead body.
The painter placed the can of paint on the top step of the
ladder.
The first step in solving a problem is identifyng a problem.
The banker grew his profits by investing wisely.
a)
b)
c)
aumentou
___________________________________
d)
I grew tired and went to bed.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: C
fiquei
___________________________________
Match the columns.
1. citizen
1
h
a) surpreendente
3
2. to rest
2
b
b) descansar
3. almost
3
f
c) breve
a)
c)
e)
4. loud
4
g
d) como segue
5. light speed
5
e
e) velocidade da luz (muito rápido)
6. brief
6
c
f) quase
7. as follows
7
d
g) alto
8. amazing
8
a
h) cidadão
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So, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to
because.
b) since.
although.
d) however.
then.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: E
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4
Text: Blue Jeans
Fascinating facts about the invention
of the Blue Jeans by Levi Strauss in 1873.
The Gold Rush of 1848 attracted many
adventurers to California. One of them was
a twenty-year-old named Levi Strauss.
Strauss had been a draper, or cloth seller,
in New York, and he took a few bolts of
cloth to sell on the journey west.
In this manner he earned his way, and
by the time he reached California, Levi
Strauss had sold everything except a roll of
canvas. No one wanted clothes made of
canvas!
Or did they? It turned out that “up in the diggings,”
where the miners worked, pants wore out very quickly.
So Strauss made some pairs of canvas trousers to sell to
miners. More and more miners were coming to
Strauss and asking him for a pair of those canvas
trousers. Not entirely happy with canvas, Levi
started using a new fabric from Genoa, Italy.
The weavers there called the fabric “genes”.
Strauss changed the name to “jeans” and later
he called his pants “Levi’s”. They were popular
with cowboys as well as miners.
Today, called Levi’s or blue jeans, they are
popular with men, women, and children in
many countries of the globe.
(www.ideafinder.com – UNICAMP)
Exercícios Resolvidos
1
Translate
a)
seda
silk = _______________________________
b)
lã
wool = ______________________________
c)
veludo
velvet = _____________________________
d)
algodão
cotton = _____________________________
e)
cetim
satin = _____________________________
2
azul
BLUE is a color = ________________
but also
triste
means the same as sad = ____________________
A type of slow sad music, originally from the
VOCABULARY
I. When we say the rush hours we mean the periods of the
day when large numbers of people travel to and from work
•
correr
to rush = _________________________
II.
blues
southern US, is called the __________________.
Match the columns.
1) adventurers
1
e
a) lona
2) cloth
2
h
b) rolos
3) seller
3
f
c) chegar a
4) bolts
4
b
d) mineiros, mineradores
5) to reach
5
c
e) aventureiros
Translate
6) canvas
6
a
f) vendedor
The Gold Rush attracted a large number of people to California
7) miners
7
d
g) calças
8) pants
8
g
h) tecido
A corrida do ouro atraiu um grande número de pessoas à
Califórnia.
III.
FABRIC
is a “false friend”
Translate.
Nylon is a synthetic fabric.
O nylon é um tecido sintético.
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cloth
Give a synonym for fabric = ______________________________
VIII.Write the opposites of:
factory, plant
How do you say fábrica in English? ________________________
1
few
many = __________________________________
IV. How do you say viagem in English?
2
to buy, to purchase
to sell = _________________________________
travel, trip, journey, voyage
3
slowly
quickly = ________________________________
_
4
sad
happy = _________________________________
_
5
earlier
later = _________________________________
___
V. Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following
verbs
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
1. to take
took
taken
2. to sell
sold
sold
3. to make
made
made
4. to come
came
come
Do you know the meaning of FOR SALE?
The house has been for sale for 3 months.
Q
IX. Translate the following excerpts from the text:
“In this manner, he earned his way ”…
“Dessa forma ele ganhava a vida” …
“The weavers there called the fabric “genes”.”
à venda
“Os tecelões de lá chamavam o tecido de “genes”.”
And the meaning of ON SALE?
Those boots are ON SALE in that shop.
Q
X. Write in English
a) Ele achou o pedaço de papel no bolso de sua calça.
em liquidação
VI. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions
He found the piece of paper in his pants pocket.
quando
1 by the time = _______________________________________
I was exhausted by the time I got home.
b)
Meu primo chegou inesperadamente.
My cousin arrived out of the blue.
2
acontece
it turns out = _______________________________
_________
It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
3
escavações
diggings = __________________________________________
She has taken part in the diggings of an old Roman road.
4
desgastar
to wear out (wore, worn) = ___________________________
The children can wear out a pair of new shoes in a couple of
months.
Answer these questions in Portuguese according to the text.
1 Como Strauss conseguiu chegar à Califórnia?
Strauss conseguiu chegar à Califórnia vendendo alguns cortes de
tecido a caminho do oeste.
5
tecelão
weaver = ___________________________________
________
Textile weavers receive low wages in underdeveloped
countries.
6
bem como
as well as = _______________________________
__________
I want to visit Andrew as well as Jonathan.
2
Para quem Strauss vendeu calças feitas de lona? Por que?
Strauss vendeu calças feitas de lona para mineiros porque eles
necessitavam de roupas mais resistentes que não se desgastassem tão rapidamente.
VII. Combine the expressions in column A with their synonyms
in column B
A
B
1) many
1
e
a) but
2) bolts
2
h
b) fabric
3) cloth
3
b
c) when
4) manner
4
f
d) nobody
5) by the time
5
c
e) a lot of
6) except
6
a
f) way
7) no one
7
d
g) completely
8) pants
8
j
h) rolls
9
g
i) nowadays
10
i
j) trousers
9) entirely
10) today
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INGLÊS
3
Strauss chamou de “jeans” e, posteriormente, de “Levi’s”
as calças que passou a fabricar. Justifique cada um desses
nomes.
O nome “jeans” originou-se do nome do tecido “genes” proveniente de Genova, Itália. Posteriormente, o criador do “jeans” resolveu chamar seu produto pelo seu próprio nome: Levi.
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5
Grammar: Degrees of Comparison – I
Formas Invariáveis
COMPARATIVO
afirmativo AS +
}
advérbio
+ AS
tão ...
como / quanto
IGUALDADE
NOT SO
negativo
+
NOT AS
INFERIORIDADE
SUPERLATIVO
{
adjetivo
LESS
INFERIORIDADE
+
{
{
adjetivo
advérbio
adjetivo
advérbio
THE LEAST +
{
}
}
AS
+
não tão ...
como / quanto
AS
+ THAN
adjetivo
advérbio
}
menos ... que
o(a) menos ...
Exemplos:
AS cold AS = tão frio quanto
NOT SO (AS) cold AS = não tão frio quanto
LESS cold THAN = menos frio que
THE LEAST cold = o menos frio
AS expensive AS = tão caro quanto
NOT SO (AS) expensive AS = não tão caro quanto
LESS expensive THAN = menos caro que
THE LEAST expensive = o menos caro
SUPERLATIVO
COMPARATIVO
Formas Variáveis
SUPERIORIDADE
MORE +
THE +
{
{
{
adjetivo
advérbio
adjetivo
advérbio
adjetivo
advérbio
}
}
}
+ – ER THAN
mais ... que
+ THAN
+ – EST (IN/OF)
o mais ...
SUPERIORIDADE
THE MOST +
{
adjetivo
advérbio
}
+ (IN/OF)
a mais ...
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Observações:
5. Usamos os prefixos MORE e MOST com qualquer
1. Usamos os sufixos –ER ou –EST com adjetivos /
advérbios de uma só sílaba.
Exemplos:
adjetivo terminado em –ED, –ING, –FUL, –RE, –OUS.
Exemplos:
tired – MORE tired than – THE MOST tired (cansado)
tallER than = mais alto que the tallEST = o mais alto
biggER than = maior que the biggEST = o maior
charming – MORE charming than – THE MOST charming
(charmoso)
hopeful – MORE hopeful than – THE MOST hopeful
(esperançoso)
2. Usamos os sufixos –ER ou –EST com adjetivos de
sincere – MORE sincere than – THE MOST sincere
duas sílabas.
(sincero)
famous – MORE famous than – THE MOST famous
Exemplos:
(famoso)
happiER than = mais feliz que
Variações Ortográficas
cleverER than = mais esperto que
the happiEST = o mais feliz
1. _____________________________________________
the cleverEST = o mais esperto
Adjetivos monossilábicos terminados em uma só
consoante precedida de uma só vogal, dobram a
consoante final antes de receberem –ER ou –EST.
3. Usamos os prefixos MORE e MOST com adjetivos
de mais de duas sílabas.
Exemplos:
fat –
fatTER than – the fatTEST
thin – thinNER than – the thinNEST
Exemplos:
(gordo)
(magro)
MORE comfortable than = mais confortável que
MORE careful than = mais cuidadoso que
THE MOST comfortable = o mais confortável
THE MOST careful = o mais cuidadoso
2. ______________________________________________
Adjetivos terminados em Y precedido de vogal trocam o
Y para I antes do acréscimo de –ER ou –EST.
Exemplos:
angry – angrIER than – the angrIEST (zangado)
4. Usamos os prefixos MORE e MOST com advérbios
de duas sílabas.
happy – happIER than – the happIEST (feliz)
EXCEÇÃO
shy – shyER than – the shyEST (tímido)
Exemplos:
MORE afraid than = mais amedrontado que
3. ______________________________________________
MORE asleep than = mais adormecido que
Adjetivos terminados em E recebem apenas –R ou –ST.
THE MOST afraid
= o mais amedrontado
THE MOST asleep = o mais adormecido
Exemplos:
nice – niceR than – the niceST (bonito, simpático)
brave – braveR than
– the braveST (corajoso)
No Portal Objetivo
Para saber mais sobre o assunto, acesse o PORTAL OBJETIVO (www.portal.objetivo.br) e, em “localizar”, digite ING2M103
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Exercícios Resolvidos
Complete with the right degree, using comparatives or
superlatives of superiority.
4
fatter
Jane is becoming __________________
(fat)
1
hotter
January in Brazil is ___________________(hot)
than July.
5
the most charming
What’s _________________________
(charming) girl in your class?
2
farther
That bus-stop is __________________
(far) than I thought.
6
easier
Japanese, I’m sure, is not _________________
(easy) than French.
3
worst
This is the _________________
(bad) film I’ve ever seen.
I. Complete the sentences. Each time use the comparative
form of one of the words in the list. Use than where necessary.
K
more easily
You’ll find your way around the town __________________
____________ if you have a good map.
big
crowded
early
easily
high
important
peaceful
reliable
L
higher than
In some parts of the country, prices are ________________
serious
simple
interested
thin
in others.
II.
1
I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed ___________
earlier than
____________________
usual.
2
Complete the sentences. Each time use the superlative
form of one of the words in the list.
more reliable
I’d like to have a _________________________
car.
The one I’ve got keeps breaking down.
cold
wise
fascinating
cheap
lucky
lovely
busy
nice
enjoyable
quick
1
We had a great holiday. It was one of _________________
the most enjoyable holidays we’ve ever had.
_____________________
3
more serious than
Unfortunately her illness was _________________________
_________________ we thought at first.
4
5
6
7
8
thinner
You look _______________.
Have you lost weight?
more interested
He doesn’t study very hard. He’s ______________________
in having a good time.
5
more important than
Health and happiness are ____________________________
money.
6
This restaurant is not expensive. In fact, it is ____________
Of the three courses, Mark thought that Geology was
the most fascinating
_________________________________.
7
8
9
the loveliest
You have _______________________
smile I’ve ever seen.
the coldest
You make me feel warm even in ______________________
months of the year.
the wisest
Grandma, you are _______________________
person in the
family. You always give us some good advice.
This is surely _____________________
room in the hotel. It
the nicest
is cozy and comfortable.
more peaceful than
I like living in the countryside. It’s _____________________
_________________________ living in a town.
the busiest
Spring is a very busy time for me. It is _________________
__________________ time of the year.
the cheapest
________________________
restaurant in town.
There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ___________
more crowded than
_____________________________
usual.
J
3
4
The instructions were very complicated. They could have
the quickest
What is ____________________________
way of going from
here to the station?
bigger
I want a ___________________
flat. We don’t have enough
space here.
simpler
been __________________.
9
2
J
the luckiest
You are so good to me. I am __________________________
person in the world.
INGLÊS
323
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III. Complete with the right degree, using comparatives or
superlatives of superiority.
1
IV. Rewrite the following sentences correcting the mistakes.
1
the largest
Raymond has _____________________
(large) collection of
Not smoking makes you the healthiest.
Not smoking makes you healthier.
the collectors.
2
sunnier than
Our class is ______________________
(sunny) the one across
the hall.
3
Since the machine has been repaired, it works _________
2
Today seems as hotter as yesterday, but the humidity is
more low.
more efficiently
____________________
(efficiently).
Today seems as hot as yesterday, but the humidity is lower.
4
5
the nicest
Peter is ____________________
(nice) of all men in town.
prettier than
Megan is surely _______________________
(pretty) her two
other sisters.
3
6
the most reliable
I bought ______________________________
(reliable) watch
Mark is the less impulsive of the students.
Mark is the least impulsive of the students.
that they had in the shop.
7
8
cheaper than
Going by train is_____________________
(cheap) taking the
plane.
more serious than
She’s much ______________________
(serious) her brother.
4
The twins are so fat as their parents.
The twins are as fat as their parents.
9
the hottest
Where’s _____________________
(hot) place in the world?
J
the most boring
This is by far _________________________
(boring) film I’ve
seen in my entire life.
5
K
When you first start learning English it seems a lot
Of these two books, which is the most interesting?
Of these two books, which is more interesting?
easier than
________________
(easy) other languages and the grammar
simpler
looks __________________
(simple).
L
That new speed-reading course helps you read __________
faster
____________
(fast).
6
It’s a pity you live so far away. I wish you lived the nearest.
It’s a pity you live so far away. I wish you lived nearer.
M
shyer than
Girls are usually ___________________
(shy) boys.
N
earlier
Come _________
(early) or you’ll miss the first class again.
324
INGLÊS
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Grammar: Degrees of Comparison – II
6
Formas Irregulares
1.
Parallel Increase
Alguns adjetivos e advérbios têm formas irregulares no
comparativo e superlativo de superioridade.
good (bom / boa)
well (bem)
bad (ruim / mau)
badly (mal)
little (pouco)
}
}
}
Usamos a estrutura the + comparativo... the + comparativo
para dizer que uma coisa depende de outra.
The warmer the weather, the better I feel. (Quanto mais
quente o tempo, melhor eu me sinto.)
better than – the best
The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.
(Quanto mais caro o hotel, melhor o serviço.)
– the worst
less than – the least
The longer the phone call, the more you have to pay. (Quanto
mais longo o telefonema, mais você tem de pagar.)
2.
Alguns adjetivos e advérbios têm mais de uma forma no
comparativo e superlativo de superioridade.
far (longe)
farther than – the farthest (distância)
further (than) – the furthest (distância / adicional)
old (velho)
older than – the oldest
elder – the eldest (só para elementos da mesma família)
Gradual Increase
Usamos dois comparativos juntos para indicar que algo está
mudando continuamente.
It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job. (Está ficando
cada vez mais difícil achar um emprego.)
late (tarde)
the latest (o mais recente)
the last (o último da série)
Traveling is becoming more and more expensive. (Viajar está
ficando cada vez mais caro.)
ATENÇÃO
ELDER é usado antes de substantivos.
Exemplo: My elder brother lives in Chicago.
The weather is becoming hotter and hotter. (A temperatura
está ficando cada vez mais quente.)
Exercícios Resolvidos
1
Write in English
2
Translate into Portuguese.
Quanto mais cedo sairmos, mais cedo chegaremos.
The child is getting shyer and shyer.
Resposta
Resposta
The earlier we leave, the sooner (the earlier) we will arrive
A criança está ficando cada vez mais tímida.
No Portal Objetivo
Para saber mais sobre o assunto, acesse o PORTAL OBJETIVO (www.portal.objetivo.br) e, em “localizar”, digite ING2M104
INGLÊS
325
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I.
1
Turn into English.
Aquele buraco no seu casaco está ficando cada vez maior.
That hole in your coat is becoming (getting) bigger and bigger.
2
a)
d)
We complained about the service in our hotel, but instead
of improving, it got __________________.
best
b) the best
c) worse
the worst
e) better and better
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
2
Quanto mais cedo sairmos, melhor.
The earlier (sooner) we leave, the better.
3
a)
d)
4
a)
d)
5
a)
d)
A vida está ficando cada vez mais cara.
Life is becoming (getting) more and more expensive.
6
As frutas frescas estão ficando cada vez mais maduras.
Quanto menos você estudar, pior.
The less you study, the worse.
6
Jane está de dieta. Ela está ficando cada vez mais magra.
Jane is on a diet. She is becoming (getting) thinner and thinner.
9
7
a)
c)
e)
You look ____________________. Have you put on weight?
more fat
b) more thin
c) fatter
the thinnest
e) the fattest
It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _______?
quietest
b) most quiet
quieter
d) more and more quieter
more and most quiet
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
a)
c)
e)
“What time shall we leave?” “The ________, the _______.”
earlier, best
b) sooner, better
sooner, worst
d) earliest, worse
sooner, worst
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: B
9
Estou muito cansado. Não posso andar muito mais longe.
I’m very tired. I can’t walk much farther.
The parcel seemed to get __________________ as I carried
it along the avenue.
more heavy
b) heaviest
c) heavier and heavier
the heaviest
e) most heavy
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
8
8
The more you practice your English, the _____ you’ll learn.
faster
b) farther
c) fastest
furthest
e) more fast
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
a)
d)
The green fruit are becoming (getting) riper and riper.
7
__________________ information, please
office.
b) farther
c) more far
e) further
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: A
Quanto menor o carro, mais fácil estacionar.
The smaller the car, the easier to park it.
5
If you need any
contact our head
far
the furthest
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: E
Quanto mais eletricidade você usar, mais alta será sua conta.
The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
4
3
a)
d)
Ann’s younger sister is still at school. Her ________ sister
is a physician.
elder
b) older than
c) the eldest
the oldest
e) the older
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: A
J
Minha irmã mais velha é advogada.
J
My older (elder) sister is a lawyer.
a)
d)
II. Choose the letter of the correct answer to complete each
1
a)
d)
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: E
sentence.
K
Lisa is staying home. Her cold is a lot ___________ today.
bad
b) worst
c) worse and worst
worse
e) the worst
a)
c)
e)
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
326
INGLÊS
The problem is not so complicated. It’s __________ than
you think.
simple
b) simplest
c) less simpler
the most simple e) simpler
Her dreams are becoming ____________________.
more stranger
b) strange and strange
more and more stranger d) more strange and more strange
stranger and stranger
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: E
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 327
7
Text: The Jury
George had stolen some money, but the police had
caught him and he had been put in prison. Now his trial
was about to begin, and he felt sure that he would be
found guilty and sent to prison for a long time.
Then he discovered that an
old friend of his was one of the
members of the jury at his trial.
Of course, he didn’t tell
anybody, but he managed to
see his friend secretly one day.
He said to him, “Jim, I know
that the jury will find me guilty
of having stolen the money. I
cannot hope to be found not
guilty of taking it – that would
be too much to expect. But I
should be grateful to you for the rest of my life if you could
persuade the other members of the jury to add a strong
recommendation for mercy to their statement that they
consider me guilty.”
“Well, George,” answered Jim, “I shall certainly try
to do what I can for you as an old friend, but of course I
cannot promise anything. The other eleven people on the
jury look terribly strong-minded to me.”
George said that he would quite understand if Jim
was not able to do anything for him, and thanked him
warmly for agreeing to help.
The trial went on, and at last the
time came for the jury to decide whether
George was guilty or not. It took them
five hours, but in the end they found
George guilty, with a strong recommendation for mercy.
Of course, George was very
pleased, but he didn’t have a chance
to see Jim for some time after the trial.
At last, however, Jim visited him in
prison, and George thanked him
warmly and asked him how he had
managed to persuade the other members of the jury to
recommend mercy.
“Well, George,” Jim answered, “as I thought, those
eleven men were very difficult to persuade, but I managed
it in the end by tiring them out. Do you know, those fools
had all wanted to find you not guilty!”
(www.myownresouces)
Exercícios Resolvidos
Clinical Success
Acupuncture and herbs aid in Chinese weight Ioss
1
5
10
Twelve-year-old Mathew Feldman had tried all: low-carb diets, pills, Weight Watchers. “Nothing worked,”
says the New Yorker, who at 1.6 meters tipped the scales at 87 kilograms. “No matter what I did, I always gained
and gained.” Until now. After three weeks on an innovative Chinese weight-loss program, Feldman is down to 76 kilos.
Suddenly, his goal of 59 seems within reach.
What’s the miracle cure? A unique regimen of exercise, acupuncture and Chinese herbs. Feldman is among
severaI foreign students spending the summer – along with 190 Chinese – at Aimin Weight-Loss Clinic in Tianjin, about
two hours south of Beijing. The need for such centers in China is growing rapidly, as middle-class citizens consume
an increasingly fatty diet and lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles.
Aimin’s basic approach to weight loss isn’t radically different from Westem regimes: less eating, more exercise.
But it varies in the details. While Western professionals advise against rapid weight loss, at Aimin it is encouraged.
(Newsweek)
1
O texto observa que a classe média chinesa:
a) consome cada vez mais alimentos ricos em gordura.
b) não abre mão de ervas em sua dieta habitual.
c) pratica esporte.
d) viaja de férias a Nova York.
e) é bem informada sobre problemas de saúde.
Resposta: A
2
O texto refere-se a tratamento de:
a) gripe asiática
d) obesidade
Resposta: D
b) stress
e) anemia profunda
c) aids
3
Traduza corretamente “No matter what I did” (linha 2).
a) Não importa o que eu fizesse. b) Nada me interessou.
c) Não estudei a matéria,
d) O assunto não agradou.
e) Nada disso vem ao caso
Resposta: A
INGLÊS
327
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V. Combine the words in column A with their synonyms in
VOCABULARY
I.
Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following
verbs
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
1. to steal
stole
stolen
2. to catch
caught
caught
put
put
began
begun
5. to feel
felt
felt
6. to find
found
found
7. to send
sent
sent
8. to tell
told
told
3. to put
4. to begin
II.
column B.
A
1) prison
1
f
a) finally
2) sure
2
e
b) hard
3) at last
3
a
c) silly people
4) whether
4
d
d) if
5) difficult
5
b
e) certain
6) fools
6
c
f) jail
VI. Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following
verbs.
PAY ATTENTION
Police is a noun with a plural verb. Complete the following
sentences with BE.
1
2
B
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
saw
seen
are
The police ______________
investigating fraud allegations
against him.
1. to see
were
Over 300 police _______________
on duty at the football
stadium last night.
2. to know
knew
known
3. to take
took
taken
understood
understood
went (on)
gone (on)
came
come
III.
4. to understand
TRIAL
Translate the different meanings of TRIAL in the sentences
below:
1
They’re doing clinical trials on a new drug.
*
testes,
2
She was a real trial to her parents when she was younger.
*
problema
3
He’s currently awaiting trial for murder.
*
julgamento
5. to go (on)
6. to come
VII. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions in the
following sentences.
1
estar prestes a
* to be about to = ___________________________
2
IV. Match the columns.
1) guilty
1
e
a) satisfeito
2) grateful
2
g
b) tolo
3) warmly
3
d
c) finalmente
4) pleased
4
a
d) calorosamente
5) at last
5
c
e) culpado
6) however
6
f
f) contudo
7) fool
7
b
g) agradecido
328
INGLÊS
My son is about to finish university.
3
Have you written your English essay yet? Of course. I finished
it last week.
sem dúvida, naturalmente
* of course = _______________________________
The small dog had managed to survive the fire.
conseguir
* to manage = ______________________________
4
We weren’t expecting to meet you here.
esperar
* to expect = _______________________________
5
The gunmen showed no mercy in killing innocent children
and women.
misericórdia, piedade, compaixão
* mercy = __________________________________
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 329
6
If someone is strong-minded they are determined and
unwilling to change their opinions and beliefs.
decidido, teimoso
* strong-minded = ______________________________
7
6
7
Digging in the garden has tired me out.
Let the children run around in the garden before bedtime
tire
– that’ll ___________________
them.
go on
You smoke and drink too much and you can’t _________
like that indefinitely.
cansar, extenuar
* to tire out = __________________________________
TEXT COMPREHENSION
VIII. Find a synonym for each of the words below from these
six options.
trial manage to mercy statement strong-minded tire out
1
a)
Answer the following questions in English using your own
words but taking into account the information in the text.
What had George been accused of?
George had been accused of stealing some money.
1
manage to
be able to = __________________________.
2
something that someone says or writes officially.
statement
= _________________________.
3
mercy
forgiveness = _________________________.
4
strong-minded
stubborn = ___________________________.
IX. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the
b)
George would appreciate if Jim could persuade the other members
of the jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to their
statement that they consider him guilty.
2
chart:
to persuade – to go on – to catch – to tire –
to manage – to steal – to expect
1
manage
The bakery was shut so I didn’t _____________________
to
get any bread.
What would George appreciate?
a)
Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Identify the
part of the text that supports your answer by copying the
exact words
George was a thief.
TRUE – “George had stolen some money”.
b)
Jim was the twelfth member of the jury.
TRUE – “The other eleven people on the jury look terribly strongminded to me”.
2
3
4
5
catch
Our dog ran out of the house before I could _____________
him.
stealing
The boys were accused of ___________________
a bike from
a house in Sunset Rd.
If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will _____
persuade
_____________________
her.
expecting
You’re __________________
too much from someone if you
ask them to work every weekend without pay.
c)
All the members of the jury wanted to convict George.
FALSE – “Do you know, those fools had all wanted to find you not
guilty!”
d)
All the members of the jury acquitted George.
FALSE – “in the end they found George guilty”
INGLÊS
329
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Text: Streetview
8
You’ve Been Streetviewd
“Since Google launched its Streetview service two years ago it has come under a lot of criticism for
invading people's privacy. Streetview’s software is meant to obliterate people’s faces but often those that
were in the street when Streetview cars passed
are still identifiable. For example, one
Englishman – recognizable to his friends – was
snapped throwing up outside a pub.
Anyway, for once there is a case in which
Streetview has unquestionably done good. In
2008 a Dutch 14-year-old in the city of
Groningen was dragged off his bicycle by two
men and robbed of €140 and his mobile
phone. Recently, the teenager was browsing
Streetview and was amazed to see that the
Google service had captured the incident on
camera. He went to the local police. They asked Google Streetview for the original image and used this
to arrest two brothers for the robbery.
(Think in English)
Exercícios Resolvidos
WHY MILK? Try soy instead. I was raised to believe that milk was
part of a healthy diet. Then I discovered that to increase production,
many dairy companies inject cows with hormones and antibiotics
that we end up drinking. And that cows are kept “artificially”
pregnant so they’ll produce milk all year long. So I scrapped my milk
mustache for a soy one. It’s healthier for me and the cows.
(Adapted from UNICAMP)
c) a opção pelo leite de soja ocorreu depois da descoberta do uso de
hormônios nas vacas.
d) hormônios e antibióticos injetados nas vacas não nos fazem mal
algum.
e)
leite com hormônios e antibióticos nos deixa mais saudáveis.
Resposta: C
2
The underlined words in the text are respectively:
1
a)
verb, adjective, adjective.
b) adjective, verb, noun.
De acordo com o texto:
c)
verb, noun, noun.
d) adjective, verb, adjective.
a)
o leite de vaca é bem mais saudável do que o leite de soja.
e)
verb, noun, adjective.
b)
somos todos criados somente com leite de vaca.
Resposta: D
Match the columns.
II. Complete the sentences below with expressions from the
I.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
since
privacy
identifiable
recognizable
anyway
unquestionably
330
1
2
3
4
5
6
INGLÊS
d
f
b
a
c
e
a) reconhecível
b) identificáveis
c) seja como for
d) desde que
e) indubitavelmente
f) privacidade
chart.
to launch – criticism – for once – amazed – to arrest
a)
launched
A new line of perfumes will be _________________
by Dior
next month.
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 331
b)
for once
Why can’t you be nice to her ________________________?
VI. A Dutch is someone who was born in
c)
arrested
They’ve _____________________
her on suspicion of drugdealing.
d)
criticism
Nobody is above _______________________
___.
e)
amazed
She looked at him with an ______________________
expression.
III. What is the expression in English used to begin fairy tales
Once upon a time…
or children’s stories? _______________________________
IV. Combine the following expressions with their definitions
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
————————
Holland.
————————
VII. Complete the following sentences with ROB or STEAL
a)
rebbed
They ____________________
me of my passport last night.
b)
stole
They ____________________
my passport last night.
c)
robbing
They were accused of ________________________
a bank.
d)
stole
Robin Hood ______________________
from the rich to give
to the poor.
e)
stealing
They were accused of ____________________________
the
lady’s purse.
below:
1
2
3
4
5
6
{
the Netherlands.
to be meant to
( c)
to obliterate
(e)
to snap
( a)
1 Apesar de alterar os rostos das pessoas, o Google tem
sido criticado por invadir sua privacidade.
to throw up
( d)
In spite of obliterating (altering, changing) people’s faces, Google
to be dragged
( f )
to browse
( b)
to
to
to
to
to
to
VIII. Write in English
has been criticized for invading their privacy.
take a photograph
look around casually
be expected to, to be supposed to
vomit
make imperceptible; to alter, to change
be pulled with force
2 O garoto holandês teve sua bicicleta e seu celular
roubados.
The Dutch boy had his bike (bicycle) and his mobile phone stolen.
Now, complete the sentences with the expressions seen
above.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
1
threw up
After drinking too much, he ____________________________.
2
Responda em português.
1 Por qual motivo a Streetview tem recebido críticas?
is meant to
He ____________________________
be an expert.
Por invadir a privacidade das pessoas.
3
4
5
6
to obliterate
Streetview is supposed ________________________________
people’s faces.
was dragged
She ______________________________
out of the car by the
kidnappers.
2
O que aconteceu com o cidadão inglês mencionado no
texto?
Ele foi fotografado pela Streetview vomitando do lado de fora de
browsing
She spent the afternoon _______________________________
in the mall.
um bar.
snapped
He __________________________
the winner on the podium.
3
V. Match the words in column A with their synonyms in
column B
O que surpreendeu o garoto holandês?
Ver, por acaso, que a Streetview havia fotografado o momento
em que dois irmãos roubavam sua bicicleta e seu celular.
A
B
e
a) bike
2
f
b) surprised
3) bicycle
3
a
c) to catch
4) mobile phone
4
d
d) cell phone
5) amazed
5
b
e) frequently
6) to arrest
6
c
f) for instance
1) often
1
2) for example
4
Qual a importância da Streetview nesse incidente?
A polícia pediu a imagem original feita pela Streetview e usou-a
para prender os dois irmãos pelo roubo.
INGLÊS
331
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Módulos 1 e 2 – Grammar: Extending
the Use of Auxiliary Verbs
Add a Question-tag.
A
B
Jim’s mother got angry, _____________________________?
Those guys saw a good film, _________________________?
S
You like apples, and so ___________________ my cousins.
T
I didn’t feel well. Neither _________________________ you.
U
21
You don’t play chess. Neither ________________________I.
U
22
You don’t forget your keys. Neither ___________ my sister.
C
Nancy dropped out of her job, ________________________?
D
He’d better go home, _______________________________?
U
23
I went to Salvador by plane and so _________________you.
E
My sister’s husband paid all the bills, _________________?
U
24
I enjoy going out at night and so ______________________
F
Lets’s go for a walking, _____________________________?
G
Come here at once, ________________________________?
U
25
You study in the morning but my niece ________________.
H
Stop talking, _______________________________________?
U
26
They watch TV in the afternoon but those men
I
You’d better work every other day, ___________________?
J
They’d rather drink brandy, __________________________?
K
You never get up early, ______________________________?
L
They never play cards at night, _______________________?
Jim’s brothers.
____________________.
U
27
My friends don’t get up early on Sundays but I
_____________________.
U
28
The Dawsons bought a new house but you ____________.
Choose the correct form for each sentence.
M
a)
d)
Fred’s sister wanted to earn much money, ____________?
did she
b) does she
c) didn’t she
do you
e) didn’t he
N
Mary _____________ eat too much. She is getting fatter
a)
d)
and fatter.
do
does to
O
a)
d)
P
a)
d)
Q
a)
d)
R
a)
d)
b) does
e) not does to
c) did to
David __________________ sleep last night.
didn’t
b) doesn’t
c) don’t
not did
e) not does
Paul’s friends _________________ write many e-mails.
doesn’t
b) don’t to
c) not do
not does
e) do
_______________ you make the same mistake again?
Don’t to
b) Didn’t to
c) Does
Did
e) Did to not
Jim denied giving me the money, ___________________?
didn’t you
b) does he
c) didn’t he
don’t he
e) not did he
332
INGLÊS
DON’T FORGET:
U
29
I am a teacher, ________________? ou _________________?
U
30
The police arrested the thieves, ______________________?
U
31
a)
d)
U
32
a)
d)
U
33
a)
d)
You don’t do the dishes but I _________________________.
do
b) don’t
c) doesn’t
didn’t
e) not don’t
Sheila likes chocolate and so _________________ my
teachers.
did
b) does
c) do
didn’t
e) doesn’t
_______________________ they see that famous film a
week ago?
Do
b) Does
c) Don’t to
Did
e) Doesn’t
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 333
U
34
a)
d)
U
35
a)
d)
U
36
a)
d)
She doesn’t like to take medicines. Neither ___________ I.
does
b) did
c) didn’t
doesn’t
e) do
Nuria went to London by plane but we _________________.
don’t
b) didn’t
c) doesn’t
not do
e) does not
My mother reads the newspaper every day and so
___________ my aunt.
did
b) does
c) not does
not did
e) do
Módulos 3 e 4 – Text
TEENAGE-PREGNANCY
Nowadays the number of children who are born without
their fathers is increasing tremendously. For instance, in
England there is a staggering percentage of single mothers. On
the other hand, the educational criteria are still severely kept.
Why so many pregnancies?
Why do many girls get pregnant without marrying?
The answers are difficult, the trouble keeps up worrying
parents and the family in general.
What is happening?
Have life and the criteria changed?
Are there any immediate solutions?
Here are some examples which could help to solve this
problem:
•
Advertising campaigns about wearing condoms.
•
Frank talking (dialogues) among parents and children.
•
The awareness of taking the pill.
So, girls be careful. Think of it.
You will have an entire life for giving birth to many kids.
Think of it.
You must avoid pregnancy during adolescence.
Actually you have to study, you have to enjoy yourselves and
all in life has the right time to be done.
ACRM
I.
Find in the text the equivalent in English for these
expressions.
A
problema = _________________________________________
B
pensar = ___________________________________________
C
uma vida inteira = ___________________________________
D
cuidadosas = _______________________________________
E
dever = ____________________________________________
F
critérios = __________________________________________
G
respostas = ________________________________________
H
atualmente = _______________________________________
I
por exemplo = ______________________________________
J
surpreendente / chocante = __________________________
K
consciência = _______________________________________
L
divertir-se = ________________________________________
M
difíceis = ___________________________________________
N
pais e filhos = ______________________________________
O
por outro lado = _____________________________________
P
na verdade = _______________________________________
Q
gravidez = __________________________________________
R
mudar = ___________________________________________
S
conversa = _________________________________________
T
U
21
U
22
U
23
U
24
U
25
U
26
U
27
U
28
U
29
U
30
usar = _____________________________________________
campanhas publicitárias = ____________________________
preocupar-se = ______________________________________
evitar = ____________________________________________
preservativos = _____________________________________
estudar = __________________________________________
mães solteiras = ____________________________________
fácil = ______________________________________________
tomar pílula = _______________________________________
continuar = _________________________________________
dar à luz a = ________________________________________
II.
Write T (True) or F (False) for these statements.
U
31
(
) The number of single mothers in England has fallen
lately.
U
32
U
33
(
) Girls should avoid pregnancy during adolescence.
(
) All girls must take the pill even without parental
consent.
U
34
(
) Advertising
campaigns
about
pregnancy
are
common nowadays.
U
35
(
) The traditional British education is still severely
maintained at present.
U
36
U
37
U
38
(
) The verb to marry means the same as to wed.
(
) The verb to increase means the same as to rise.
(
) For instance is the opposite form of for example.
INGLÊS
333
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 334
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminals?
Are you for or against death penalty? Is it the only way to
prevent many crimes from happening?
Should murderers, rapers and kidnappers be arrested for
the rest of their lives?
There are lots of questions to be solved at once. But,
actually, felony rates are soaring in astonishing figures all over
the world.
What could you do to deter violence?
And governments would do nothing?
Perhaps life imprisonment could solve this dire trouble, so
that everybody could have better conditions of living and life
became a right for people established by many laws.
A great number of Americans approve of both capital and
life punishment.
And you? What do you think of it?
Texas is the American state which has the highest rate
related to death penalty.
Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It makes
the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It
prevents unarmed policemen from being mowed down by
killers armed with automatic weapons, while pursuing their
duty.
Above all, it can protect the most vulnerable members of
society, young children, from brutal sex-maniacs. It is
horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with
murder. We all know that life sentence does not mean what it
says. After ten years or so of good conduct, the most
desperate villain is free to return to society.
ACRM
I. BASIC VOCABULARY
U
39
U
40
U
41
U
42
U
43
U
44
U
45
U
46
U
47
U
48
U
49
U
50
U
51
U
52
U
53
U
54
to deter = __________________________________________
against = ___________________________________________
U
55
U
56
U
57
U
58
U
59
U
60
U
61
U
62
U
63
U
64
a major deterrent = _________________________________
to pull the trigger = _________________________________
unarmed policemen = _______________________________
to mow down = ____________________________________
to pursue the duty = ________________________________
killers = ___________________________________________
automatic weapons = _______________________________
to be horrifying = ___________________________________
to get away with = __________________________________
free = _____________________________________________
III. Answer in Portuguese.
U
65 Qual é a opinião de muitos americanos em relação à pena
de morte e à prisão perpétua?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
U
66
Por que a pena de morte costumava ser um forte
empecilho para a prática de crimes?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Módulos 5 e 6 – Grammar: Degrees of
Comparison – I / Grammar:
Degrees of Comparison – II
I.
Supply the comparative or superlative of superiority.
A
Their car is ___________________ (new) ours.
B
A sports car is ________________ (fast) a truck.
C
Mr. Johnson bought ______ (comfortable) car that I’ve ever
seen.
to prevent from = ___________________________________
D
Oceans are ___________________ (deep) rivers.
murderers = ________________________________________
E
Jane looks ____________________ (young) her sister Ann.
rapers = ___________________________________________
F
kidnappers = _______________________________________
Harold is ___________ (intelligent) man I’ve ever met at the
lecture.
to be arrested = ____________________________________
to be solved = ______________________________________
II.
at once = __________________________________________
G
felony rates = ______________________________________
soar = _____________________________________________
astonishing figures = ________________________________
life imprisonment = _________________________________
dire trouble = _______________________________________
H
I
related to = ________________________________________
death penalty = capital punishment = _________________
___________________________________________________
334
INGLÊS
J
Supply the correct form of the adjectives in parentheses.
Francis bought his car in 1999. I bought mine in 1998.
His car is not ______________ (old) mine.
My answer was exact. Yours was exact too. My answer
was ______________ (exact) yours.
My car runs 120 kilometers per hour. Your car runs 120
kilometers per hour too. My car is ___________________
(fast) yours.
A car is ______________ (heavy) a truck.
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 335
III. Put into English.
U
21
K
_______________________________________________________
Venha mais cedo, ou você perderá a primeira aula outra
vez.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
L
Viajar está ficando cada vez mais caro.
_______________________________________________________
U
22
Quanto mais você estudar, melhor.
_______________________________________________________
Viajar de trem é mais barato do que tomar um avião.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
VI. Choose the correct form for each test.
M
_______________________________________________________
a)
c)
e)
_______________________________________________________
U
24
IV. Choose the correct form for each sentence.
a)
c)
e)
N
U
25
a)
d)
O
a)
d)
P
a)
c)
e)
Q
a)
c)
e)
R
a)
c)
e)
Eles não são tão tímidos quanto vocês.
Sheila is much _________________ than her niece.
most serious
b) more serious
c) as serious
not so serious
e) serious of
U
23
a)
c)
e)
Girls are usually ______________ than boys.
shyest
b) more shy
c) not shy
shyer
e) most shy
U
26
This book is ______________________ than that one.
most interesting
b) more interesting
less so interesting
d) the more interesting
not to interesting
U
27
This is the ________________ house I’ve been in my life.
more comfortable
b) comfortable than
less comfortable of
d) more comfortable than
most comfortable
Sheila is the _____________ teacher I’ve known during my
lifetime.
angry
b) more angry
least angriest
d) angriest
most angry
a)
c)
e)
a)
c)
e)
U
28
a)
c)
e)
They are getting ___________________.
more and most famous
b) more and more famous
less famous than
d) least famous from
the more famous
Nuria is _________ student in this school.
the good
b) the better
the best
d) more good
most good
Henry is _____________________ student in this school.
the bad
b) the worse
the less bad
d) the least bad
the worst
My grandmother is getting ___________________.
older and older
b) more old than
the most old
d) less old as
older as older
The less you study, _________________.
the worst
b) the worse
more bad
d) the best for
more good
The green fruit is becoming __________________________.
riper and ripest
b) more ripe than
the most ripe
d) ripe and ripe
riper and riper
VII. Put into English.
U
29
Eles são os melhores alunos da escola.
_______________________________________________________
V. Put into English.
S
Você está ficando cada vez mais gordo.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
U
30
Ela está ficando cada vez mais pobre.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
T
Ela está ficando cada vez mais rica.
U
31
Quanto mais você trabalhar, melhor.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
INGLÊS
335
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 336
Módulos 7 e 8 – Text
I.
IRRIGATION
In some countries in which there is very little rain at any time,
the farmers have to irrigate their fields. Irrigation is easy enough
if there is a great river near the crops, and if there is plenty of
water in it. Canals carry the river water to the fields when
necessary. In some seasons there may be too much water in
the river, and the water may flood all the land near it. At other
times the river water may not be enough for all the farmers, and
then it will be difficult to irrigate the fields.
To prevent these difficulties, a dam may be built across the
river. This will store water for dry seasons, and in wet seasons
it will prevent the flooding of the land. A great lake will, no
doubt, be formed behind the dam, and this may mean that
houses and fields will be covered with water. Most people will
accept that and will be ready to move to other places. Then the
country can have the right amount of water at all times, more
crops will be grown, there will be more food for everyone, and
there will be no more floods.
Dams have been built for centuries in different parts of the
world. Modern dams are usually built of concrete, but earth
dams were used in India and Ceylon about 2,500 years ago.
There was another across the River Tigris very long ago, and
large numbers of irrigation canals were made in Iraq to irrigate
the land. The Romans were great dam-builders, and there was
also a famous dam at Ma’rib in Arabia.
The Ma’rib dam was a great piece of engineering, but it was
less famous than the Pyramids of Giza because it was hard to
reach. If Greek travellers had crossed the desert and had seen
it, they would, no doubt, have included it among the wonders
of the world. But there is not much of it to be seen now; the
pyramids have lasted longer.
Some great modern dams have been built in Africa. The
Kariba dam is one example. No doubt many other dams will be
built in the future, but in some places there are no rivers to dam.
We cannot use sea water for irrigation; the salt will not allow
the crops to grow. Fresh water is always needed, and it is very
difficult and costly to make fresh water from sea water. This is
done in a few countries, but the fresh water is for drinking.
There is not enough at present for irrigation. Perhaps a scientist
will one day invent a cheaper way of producing fresh water from
the sea. If fresh water could be made cheaply, we could grow
more food. The world needs a machine to do this, and anyone
who invents it will soon be a rich man.
Scientific English – G.C. Thornley
VOCABULARY:
1) crops = plantações
2) to flood = inundar
3) dam = barragem, represa
4) to store = armazenar
5) to last = durar
6) costly = caro
336
INGLÊS
Put one of the given words in each space.
dam, flood, canals, irrigate, irrigation,
pyramids, concrete, earth,
engineering, prevent
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
During the _______________ Peter had to sail to his house
in a boat.
They are going to study electrical ___________________
when they leave school.
Farmers have to __________________ their land if there is
no rain.
The river was low that year, and there was very little water
in the irrigation ______________________.
We shall have more water and more electric power after
the ____________________ is built.
There were ___________________ works in Iraq long ago.
Khufu built the biggest of the ____________________at
Giza.
Nothing can ___________________ the acid from burning a
hole in your coat.
The biggest clock of the flats was built of ______________.
The ____________________ walls at the sides of the river
were very weak, and everyone feared that the city would
be flooded.
MARRIAGE
A QUESTION OF LOVE?
Você está se preparando para casar? Apesar da tradição
falar de maio, é em setembro que a maioria dos casamentos acontece no Brasil. Pois saiba que, como mostram
as estatísticas dos divórcios, só o amor não é suficiente
para garantir uma união duradoura.
Marriage is in crisis. Divorce is now so common that single
women no longer ask themselves, “Is this the man I want to
spend my life with?” but “Is this the man I want my children
to spend their weekends with?”
But a professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota
claims he has found a way to reduce the rate1 of marital
disintegration. It is a questionnaire for couples who are
contemplating marriage, designed to test the areas that will be
crucial for their relationship’s success.
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 337
As Ruth Smallacombe, a marriage counsellor
in London explains, love is definitely not all you
need. So what really does matter?
The falling in love stage, whilst it can be very
important, is not necessarily a guarantee of
life-long happiness. The kinds of things that
Ruth
Smallacombe
make relationships work are communication;
Standard British
the ability to resolve, or at least accommodate2,
accent
differences and conflicts; an awareness3 of possible problems
and differences, for example, how each person’s family will
have shaped their views and expectations about relationships;
tolerance; acceptance; sensitivity4 and also, I suppose, a
recognition that relationships don’t stand still and so that, if
one person changes, then, inevitably, the relationship will have
to accommodate that change, if those two people are going to
be together.
(Speak Up)
III. Sublinhe a forma correta dos verbos entre parênteses.
M
Margaret (learn / learns) very quickly.
N
My brothers never (watch / watches) television.
O
The earth (go / goes) around the sun.
P
Nobody (play / plays) tennis in my family.
Q
Jane (pass / passes) here every day.
Vocabulary
1)
rate = taxa, índice
2)
to accommodate = ajustar, moldar
3)
awareness = consciência
4)
sensitivity = sensibilidade
II.
Responda em Português.
R
S
K
Transcreva do texto, em Português, as duas perguntas
feitas pelas mulheres solteiras.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
L
T
U
21
A teacher (worry / worries) when a student (say / says) that
classes are boring.
Good boys (brush/brushes) their teeth and (wash/washes)
their hands.
People (relax / relaxes) after they (come / comes) home.
Little children always (go / goes) to parks on weekends.
Their parents (like / likes) to go too.
Quais são os fatores que fazem um relacionamento dar
certo?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
U
22
Wars (destroy / destroys) cities and lives. People (become
/ becomes) desperate.
INGLÊS
337
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 338
Inglês
Módulos 1 e 2 – Grammar: Extending The
Use Of Auxiliary Verbs
A didn’t she?
B didn’t they?
C didn’t she?
D hadn’t he?
E didn’t he?
F shall we?
G will you?
H will you?
I hadn’t you?
J wouldn’t they?
K do you?
L do they?
M Resposta: C
N Resposta: B
O Resposta: A
P Resposta: E
Q Resposta: D
R Resposta: C
S
do
T did
U
21
do
U
22
does
U
23
did
U
24
do
U
25
doesn’t
U
26
don’t
U
27
do
U
28
didn’t
U
29
aren’t I? ou am I not?
U
30
didn’t they?
U
31
Resposta: A
U
32
Resposta: C
U
33
Resposta: D
U
34
Resposta: E
U
35
Resposta: B
U
36
Resposta: B
S
U
21
U
23
U
25
U
27
U
29
U
31
U
33
U
35
U
37
U
39
U
41
U
43
U
45
U
47
U
49
U
51
U
53
U
55
U
57
U
59
U
61
U
63
U
65
talking
advertising campaigns
to avoid
to study
easy
to keep up
F
F
T
T
impedir, dissuadir
impedir de
estupradores
ser preso
imediatamente
aumentar
prisão perpétua
relacionado a
um forte empecilho
policiais desarmados
cumprir o dever
armas automáticas
sair impune
T
U
22
U
24
U
26
U
28
U
30
U
32
U
34
U
36
U
38
U
40
U
42
U
44
U
46
U
48
U
50
U
52
U
54
U
56
U
58
U
60
U
62
U
64
to wear
to worry
condoms
single mothers
to take the pill
to give birth to
T
F
T
F
contra
assassinos
sequestradores
ser resolvido
taxas de criminalidade
números espantosos
problema terrível
pena de morte
puxar o gatilho
aniquilar
matadores
ser revoltante
livre, solto
Um grande número de norte-americanos aprova tanto a
pena de morte quanto a prisão perpétua.
U
66 Porque o assaltante pensaria duas vezes antes de puxar o
gatilho. Também impediria que policiais desarmados
fossem aniquilados por matadores fortemente armados
etc.
Módulo 3 – Text
Módulo 5 – Grammar: Degrees of Comparison – I
A
trouble
B
C
an entire life
D
careful
E
must
F
criteria
G
answers
H
nowadays
I
for instance
J
staggering
K
awareness
L
to enjoy yourselves
M
difficult
N
parents and children
O
on the other hand
P
actually
Q
pregnancy
R
to change
338
INGLÊS
to think
A
C
E
G
I
K
L
M
N
P
R
newer than
the most comfortable
younger than
older than
as fast as
B
D
F
H
J
faster than
deeper than
the most intelligent
as exact as
less heavy than
Come earlier, or you will miss the first class again.
Traveling by train is cheaper than taking a plane.
They are not so shy as you.
Resposta: B
Resposta: B
Resposta: D
O
Q
Resposta: D
Resposta: E
C1_2A_Ingles Prof_Lu_Sorocaba 20/09/12 09:20 Página 339
Módulo 6 – Grammar: Degrees of Comparison – II
S
T
U
21
U
22
U
23
U
25
U
27
U
29
U
30
U
31
You are getting fatter and fatter.
She is getting richer and richer.
Traveling is becoming more and more expensive.
The more you study, the better.
Resposta: B
Resposta: E
Resposta: B
U
24
U
26
U
28
Resposta: C
She is getting poorer and poorer.
The more you work, the better.
irrigate
dam
pyramids
concrete
Módulo 8 – Text
“É este o homem com quem eu quero passar minha
vida?”
“É este o homem com quem eu quero que meus filhos
passem seus fins de semana?”
Os fatores são: comunicação, a habilidade de resolver, ou
pelo menos ajustar, diferenças e conflitos, consciência
dos possíveis problemas, tolerância, aceitação e sensibilidade.
Resposta: E
Resposta: They are the best students in the school.
flood
L
Resposta: A
Módulo 7 – Text
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Q
S
U
21
learns
goes
passes
brush/wash
go/like
N
P
R
T
U
22
watch
plays
worries/says
relax/come
destroy/become
B engineering
D canals
F irrigation
H prevent
J earth
ANOTAÇÕES
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INGLÊS
339
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ANOTAÇÕES
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340
INGLÊS