Chapter 9 Energy Resources
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Fuels and Energy (page 293)
1. A substance that provides a form of energy, such as heat, as a result of a chemical
change, is a(n) ______________________________ .
2. The process of burning a fuel is called _________________________.
3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the production of electric
power.
a. In most power plants, water is boiled to make steam.
b. The chemical energy of steam turns the blades of a turbine.
c. Powerful magnets turn inside a wire coil, generating electric current.
d. Electricity is produced by a turbine.
What Are Fossil Fuels? (page 295)
4. Energy-rich substances formed from the remains of once-living organisms are
called ________________________________.
5. List the three major fossil fuels:
6. Energy-rich chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are
called _______________________________________.
7. Complete the flow chart. Read the book carefully! You are turning SENTENCES
into a FLOW CHART!
10. Scientists can use ____________________ to test an area for oil without
drilling.
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11. Is the following sentence true or false? Most of the oil wells that are drilled
produce usable amounts of oil.
12. When oil is first pumped out of the ground, it is called ____________________.
13. A factory where crude oil is separated into fuels and other products by heating is
called a(n) ___________________________ .
14. Compounds that are made from oil are called ____________________________.
Natural Gas (page 297)
15. Natural gas is a mixture of ___________________________and other gases.
16. Is the following sentence true or false? Because natural gas is less dense than
oil, it often rises above an oil deposit.
17. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about natural gas.
a. It produces a lot of energy.
b. It produces more air pollutants than oil.
c. It is easy to transport using pipelines.
d. A gas leak can cause a violent explosion and fire.
Coal (page 298)
18. What is coal?
19. Is the following sentence true or false? Today, coal provides 23 percent of the
energy used worldwide.
20. Is the following sentence true or false? The major use of coal is to fuel
factories.
21. Known deposits of coal and other fossil fuels that can be obtained using current
technology are called _______________________.
8. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about fossil fuels.
a. Fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form.
b. Three fourths of Earth’s known oil reserves have already been used.
c. The rate at which fossil fuels are used is decreasing.
d. Fossil fuels are considered a nonrenewable resource.
22. Circle the letter of the sentence that is true about coal as an energy source.
a. It is the least plentiful fossil fuel in the United States.
b. It is difficult to transport.
c. It provides a lot of energy when burned.
d. It produces less air pollution than other fossil fuels.
Oil (pages 296–297)
9. Write the letter of each sentence that is true about petroleum.
a. Petroleum accounts for most of the energy produced in the world.
b. Petroleum fuels most cars, airplanes, trains, and ships.
c. The United States consumes a third of the oil produced in the world.
d. 3% of the world’s oil supply is located in the United States.
23. How can coal mining harm the environment?
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Introduction (page 299)
1. Energy sources that are constantly being supplied are called
_______________________________ resources.
Energy From the Sun (pages 299–300)
2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about solar energy.
a. It is the source of most other renewable energy resources.
b. It causes pollution.
c. It will not run out for billions of years.
d. It is available only when the sun is shining.
Solar Technologies (pages 300–301)
3. How do solar plants capture energy and use it to generate electricity?
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Solar energy can be converted directly
into electricity in a solar cell.
11. Is the following sentence true or false? Hydroelectric power is the least widely 4
used source of renewable energy in the world today.
12. Is the following sentence true or false? Hydroelectric power is expensive and
creates air pollution.
13. What are two limitations on hydroelectric power in the United States?
1.
2.
14. Fuels made from things that were once alive are called ____________________.
15. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about biomass fuels.
a. They include leaves, food wastes, wood, and manure.
b. They can be converted to other fuels.
c. They are widely used today.
d. They are renewable resources.
16. Is the following sentence true or false? Corn can be used to make alcohol.
17. What is gasohol, and what is it used for?
5. What are solar cells used to power?
6. Is the following sentence true or false? Solar heating systems convert sunlight
into mechanical energy.
7. Complete the concept map.
18. Intense heat from Earth’s interior is called _____________________________.
19. Is the following sentence true or false? Geothermal energy is an unlimited
source of cheap energy.
20. Add arrows to the drawing to show how water flows through a geothermal
power plant.
8. How do active solar heating systems differ from passive solar heating systems?
Other Sources of Renewable Energy (pages 302–303)
10. Electricity produced by flowing water is called _________________________.
21. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about wind energy.
a. It provides 10 percent of the world’s electricity.
b. It is the fastest-growing energy source.
c. It causes pollution.
d. It is free.
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Match the part of a nuclear reactor with its function.
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Introduction (page 307)
1. The central core of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons is called the .
2. Complete the concept map.
The Risks of Nuclear Fission (pages 309–310)
12. When fuel rods in a nuclear power plant generate so much heat that they start to
melt, the condition is called a(n) _____________________________________.
13. Why is it difficult to dispose of radioactive wastes produced by power plants?
Fission Reactions and Energy (pages 307–308)
3. Is the following sentence true or false? Nuclear reactions convert matter into
energy.
4. What formula, developed by Albert Einstein, describes the relationship between
energy and matter?
5. The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into two smaller nuclei is called
________________________________.
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about nuclear fission.
a. It can use uranium as a fuel.
b. It is a chain reaction.
c. It is extremely safe.
d. It can be used to generate electricity.
Nuclear Power Plants (pages 308–309)
7. How is electricity produced in a nuclear power plant?
The Quest to Control Fusion (pages 310–311)
14. The combining of two atomic nuclei to produce a single larger nucleus is called
___________________________.
15. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about nuclear fusion.
a. It produces less energy per atom than nuclear fission.
b. The fuel it needs is readily available.
c. Scientists have not yet been able to control a large-scale fusion reaction.
d. It is widely used today to produce electricity.